CN113358142A - Optical fiber interference light path based on optical unidirectional transmission and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber interference light path based on optical unidirectional transmission and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fibers, and particularly relates to an optical fiber interference light path based on optical unidirectional transmission and a construction method thereof. The invention obtains two beams of light with consistent polarization through beam splitting and beam combining of the light, the two beams of light are transmitted in the same optical fiber together and are transmitted in a single direction; because the two beams of light are transmitted from the same optical fiber, the two beams of light can still have the same polarization state when being output from the optical fiber; the two beams of light form interference after returning to the beam splitting and combining structure again; because the interference light beam is transmitted in the optical fiber in a single direction, the structure can utilize a one-way optical amplifier with optical isolation to perform optical amplification so as to overcome the loss of long-distance optical fiber transmission and effectively isolate the influence of back scattering light. By using the structure for sensing, the characteristics of the disturbance signal induced in the transmission optical fiber are independent of the position of the sensing point. The invention can be used for distributed signal sensing or signal transmission and the like. The structure is used together with other optical fiber interference sensing structures, and the positioning of a disturbance point can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fibers, and particularly relates to a method for constructing an optical fiber interference light path.
Background
With the development of optical fiber technology, optical fiber sensing technology has become an important field of optical fiber application technology. In the optical fiber sensing technology, especially in the long-distance distributed sensing technology, the optical fiber interference technology is more adopted for realization. The most common optical fiber interference techniques include M-Z interference (Shashang, Qilin, Tuarmy; Long distance double M-Z interference type vibration sensor real-time positioning algorithm research [ J ]; photoelectron, laser, 2009, 20 (8): 1020- & lt1024.), Sagnac interference (Hu Zhixin, Zhang Guiilin, He Ju, Zhang Lin. Leak detection on gas pipeline with the distributed fiber-optical sensing Technology [ J ]. Jounal of Transducer Technology, 2003, 22(10): 48-53.), michelson interference technology (reference: original azan, Chaihu; Michelson interference principle-based optical fiber sensor research [ J ]; university of Shanxi university of great college (Nature science edition), 2008, 24 (1), 29-31.), and single-core feedback interference technology (reference: patent: ZL 20101050357.2). Among the above techniques, the michelson interference technique and the single-core feedback interference technique have interference of backscattered light due to the fact that light beams are transmitted back and forth twice in an optical fiber, and particularly in long-distance sensing, the backscattered light becomes one of key factors limiting the sensing distance; in the M-Z interference technique, since two mutually interfered beams are transmitted along two optical fibers in a long distance transmission, it is difficult to control the polarization state of the combined beam, and in an extreme case, the two beams are orthogonal in polarization, so that a phenomenon of complete non-interference occurs. The method solves the problem of the influence of backward scattering light and the consistency of the polarization state of interference light beams and is expected to become a breakthrough technology of optical fiber long-distance sensing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber interference light path based on light unidirectional transmission and a construction method thereof, so as to overcome the influence of back scattering light, polarization inconsistency and the like on interference.
According to the optical fiber interference optical path based on optical unidirectional transmission, interference light beams formed by the interference structure are not influenced by backward scattering light of a long-distance transmission optical fiber, and the polarization states of the light beams are completely consistent after the light beams are transmitted by the long-distance optical fiber. The invention uses beam splitter to construct beam splitting/combining unit, which divides the light into two or more beams, each beam is delayed differently, that is, different beams have certain delay difference, the delay difference is larger than the coherent length of light source; the light beams which are subjected to different delays are combined with the same polarization and are injected into an optical fiber together for transmission, and the light in the optical fiber is transmitted along one direction only; returning to the beam splitting/combining unit after optical fiber transmission, reversely inputting the optical fiber to the beam splitting/combining unit, and forming interference after the optical fiber is transmitted by the beam splitting/combining unit, wherein the interference is aplanatic interference; in the structure, the optical fiber for light beam common transmission can be used as a sensing optical fiber, and in the common transmission optical fiber, the working light only has the light beam transmitted in the forward direction and can not be interfered by the backward scattering light completely; since the polarization of different light beams in the injected light is the same, in long-distance optical fiber transmission, the polarization change of each light beam by the transmission path birefringence of the optical fiber is the same, so that each light beam emitted from the transmission optical fiber still keeps the same polarization state.
Fig. 1 is a specific implementation structure of this method, which includes a first polarization maintaining coupler D1, a polarization maintaining light delay unit D2, a second polarization maintaining coupler D3, a first device D4 capable of controlling light transmission direction, a polarization processing unit D5, and a transmission (sensing) optical fiber D6;
p11, P12, and P13 are the optical input/output ports of D1, respectively; p21 and P22 are input/output ports of D2; p31, P32, P33 and P34 are input/output ports of D3; p68 and P69 are two endpoints of D6, A is any one of D6;
the input light is connected with a port P11 of a first polarization maintaining coupler D1, and a port P12 of a first polarization maintaining coupler D1 is connected with a port P21 of a polarization maintaining delay unit D2; the port P22 of the polarization-maintaining retardation unit D2 is connected with the port P31 of the second polarization-maintaining coupler D3; the port P13 of the first polarization maintaining coupler D1 is connected with the port P32 of the second polarization maintaining coupler D3; the port P33 of the second polarization maintaining coupler D3 is connected with the port P34 of the first controllable optical transmission direction device D4, the transmission (sensing) optical fiber D6, the polarization processing unit D5 and the polarization maintaining coupler D3 in sequence.
In the present invention, the time delay generated by the polarization maintaining delay unit D2 is longer than the coherence time of the light source.
In the invention, the polarization processing unit D5 adjusts the polarization of the light injected from the transmission (sensing) fiber D6 to the port P34 of the polarization-maintaining coupler D3 to meet the interference requirement; the polarization processing unit D5 may be a polarization controller, or other device that can process polarization.
In the present invention, the first controllable light transmission direction device D4 is used to ensure that light can only be transmitted from the port P33 of the polarization-maintaining coupler D3 to the P68 end of the transmission (sensing) fiber D6, and cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction, i.e., cannot be transmitted from P68 to P33; specifically, the optical isolator or the optical circulator can be used.
In the present invention, D1, D2, and D3 constitute a light splitting/combining unit D0.
The invention has the following outstanding characteristics and advantages:
(1) only one-way transmission light beam in the transmission optical fiber is used for constructing an interference light path, so that the influence of the back scattering light on interference can be effectively isolated; the unidirectional optical amplifier with the optical isolation structure can be used for optical amplification to overcome the loss influence caused by long-distance optical fiber transmission;
(2) the interfered beams have the same polarization state in the transmission fiber, so that the interference influence caused by polarization inconsistency among the interfered beams due to the uncertainty (randomness) of the birefringence characteristics of the transmission fiber can be overcome;
(3) interference signal characteristics are not influenced by signal disturbance positions in the transmission optical fiber, and signal characteristics can be measured conveniently;
(4) the time delay of the signals loaded at different positions to reach the output end of the interference signal is different, and by utilizing the characteristic, the structure can realize the positioning of the disturbance point through the combination with other optical fiber interference light paths.
The invention can be used for long-distance distributed optical fiber sensing or signal transmission, for example, the invention can be used for the fields of monitoring of optical fiber communication trunk lines, safety monitoring of long-distance perimeter, petroleum and natural gas pipelines and the like; the optical fiber can be used as a receiving unit at a certain position of the transmission optical fiber to sense the voice signal, and the corresponding sound information can be received at a receiving end.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a specific implementation structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows optical amplification using an amplifier with unidirectional transmission in the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates the isolation of backscattered light by two devices for controlling the direction of light propagation according to the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a method of connection using an optical circulator.
Reference numbers in the figures: d1 is a first polarization-maintaining coupler, D2 is a polarization-maintaining light delay unit, D3 is a second polarization-maintaining coupler, D4 is a first device capable of controlling the light transmission direction, D5 is a polarization processing unit, D6 is a transmission (sensing) optical fiber, D7 is a unidirectional working optical amplifier with an isolator inside, D8 is a second device capable of controlling the light transmission direction, and D0 is D1, D2 and D3 which form a light beam splitting/combining unit. P11, P12 and P13 are the optical input/output ports of D1 respectively; p21 and P22 are input/output ports of D2; p31, P32, P33 and P34 are input/output ports of D3; p68 and P69 are both endpoints of D6, and A is any one of D6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a specific implementation structure, which can form two beams of aplanatic light, form interference at a coupler D1, and let the light be single polarized light, injected from a port P11 along a polarization-maintaining axis, and the polarization state of the light corresponding to the polarization-maintaining axis is vertical linear polarized light ″) ″; the specific transmission process of the two beams of interfering aplanatic light is as follows:
light beam I: p11 (±) → P12 (±) → P21 (±) → P22 (±) → P31 (±) → P33 (±) → P68 (random) → P69 (random) → P34 (±) → P32 (±) → P13 (±);
and light beam II: p11 (±) → P13 (±) → P32 (±) → P33 (±) → P68 (random) → P69 (random) → P34 (±) → P31 (±) → P22 (±) → P21 (±) → P12 (±).
The two beams of light all undergo path delays of P12-P31, P13-P32 and common D6 respectively, and have equal optical paths. It can be seen from the transmission process that the light beams i and ii have the same polarization state at the port P33, and therefore, despite the transmission in the transmission fiber, regardless of the polarization characteristics of the transmission fiber, the two light beams have the same polarization state regardless of the position of the fiber, and therefore, the polarization output from the port P69 of the transmission (sensing) fiber D6 has the same polarization. The light output from the port P69 is adjusted to a vertical polarization state ″ ") by the polarization controller, and is re-injected from the port P34 to D0, and is transmitted with a polarization maintaining state, and still has the same polarization when merged at D1, and therefore, interference can be reliably generated.
There are two more beams of light in this structure, respectively:
beam III: p11 → P12 → P21 → P22 → P31 → P33 → P68 → P69 → P34 → P31 → P22 → P21 → P12;
and a light beam IV: p11 → P13 → P32 → P33 → P68 → P69 → P34 → P32 → P13;
the light beam III experiences two times of path delay of P12-31, the light beam experiences two times of path delay of P13-32, and the time delay generated by the polarization-maintaining delay unit D2 is longer than the coherence time of the light source, so that the light beams III and IV cannot interfere, and meanwhile, the two light beams cannot interfere with the light beams I and II, namely, only one pair of interference light beams is arranged in the structure of the invention.
When an external disturbance is sensed at a certain point A on the transmission (sensing) fiber D6, the phase change of the light transmitted in the transmission (sensing) fiber D6 set to be caused at the point A is set to
Then an interference signal is formed at D1I t()Can be expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,I 1、I 2the intensity of light, phi, of two beams of light interfering with each other0For the initial operating point introduced by the interference structure,τ 0for the light retardation generated by the retardation unit D2,τ LA the delay introduced to the optical path between sensing points a and D4 is proportional to the optical path. The delay caused by the optical fiber tail fiber of the device is ignored in the formula (1). As can be seen from the formula (1), the structure obtains a signal by interference
Characterized by being only connected with
This is not influenced by the position of sensing point a. Thus, for the same disturbance
Regardless of the position in the transmission fiber where it acts, the interference signal formed by it is perfectly uniform, regardless of the delay factor.
In the above configuration, although the light input to D3 from P31 and P32 is output from P34 and is transmitted back to P68 through the transmission fiber D6, the light is blocked by the presence of the light back isolation device D4 and cannot be transmitted to P33 through P68, so that only a unidirectional light beam transmission channel exists in the transmission fiber, and the formation of an interference signal depends only on the light beam transmitted in one direction in the transmission fiber D6.
By means of the structure, the influence of the generated back scattering light of the unidirectional transmission light beam can be effectively isolated, particularly, the effective light beam used for interference is the light beam transmitted in the unidirectional direction in D6, so that in the long-distance sensing application, namely, under the condition that the loss of the transmission optical fiber is large, the unidirectional working optical amplifier with the isolator inside can be used, and the optical power amplification can be carried out to overcome the influence of the loss of the optical fiber, as shown in D7 in FIG. 2. Due to the unidirectional transmission mechanism, although the optical amplifier is used in the line, the optical power transmitted in the forward direction is increased, the backward scattering light is isolated and is not injected into the D0, and therefore, the interference is not adversely affected.
In order to isolate the scattered light more thoroughly, as shown in fig. 3, a second light-transmission-direction-controllable device D8 may be used at the near P34 port, and the light-transmission direction of the second light-transmission-direction-controllable device D8 is the same as that of the first light-transmission-direction-controllable device D4. D8 may not be used when the back scattering by the light output from P34 is not sufficient to have a significant effect on the interference.
The connection between the light output from D0 and the transmission fiber D6 may be as shown in fig. 4. In the figure, D4 is a polarization-maintaining circulator, P41 and P42 are ports of the circulator, light output from P33 and injected into D4 can be output only from P41, and light input from P42 can be returned only to P33 via D4. In fig. 4, light output from P33 is injected into P68 of D6 via P41, transmitted out of P69 via D6, and light returning to D0 is output via P42 port of circulator D4 and injected into D0 again via P33. The two light transmission paths forming interference are as follows:
light beam Icirc: p11 (±) → P12 (±) → P21 (±) → P22 (±) → P31 (±) → P33 (±) → P41 (±) → P68 (random) → P69 (random) → P34 (±) → P32 (±) → P13 (±);
light beam IIcirc: p11 (±) → P13 (±) → P32 (±) → P33 (±) → P68 (random) → P69 (random) → P42 (±) → P33 (±) → P31 (±) → P22 (±) → P21 (±) → P12 (±);
FIG. 4 shows a structure in which the light source utilizes an SLD light source, the operating wavelength is 1550nm, the light source pigtail is a polarization maintaining fiber, the extinction ratio of the output light is >15dB, and the SLD light source is produced by institute of electronic group headquarters 44; the first polarization-maintaining coupler D1 adopts a 3 × 3 polarization-maintaining coupler, the second polarization-maintaining coupler D3 adopts a 2 × 2 polarization-maintaining coupler, and the delay unit D2 is realized by adopting a polarization-maintaining fiber ring. D4 used a three-port polarization maintaining fiber circulator. And the polarization maintaining device parts are subjected to polarization maintaining fusion welding by adopting an optical fiber fusion welding machine. D6 is a core optical fiber in the sensing optical cable, and is a G.652 single-mode optical fiber. The interference output signal is taken from the port of the 3 x 3 coupler on the same side as the input port of the light source. When the sensing fiber is tapped, a stable interference output is observed.
Claims (5)
1. A method for constructing optical fiber interference light path based on optical one-way transmission is characterized in that a light beam splitter/beam combination unit is constructed by utilizing a light beam splitter, the light beam splitter/beam combination unit firstly divides the light into two beams or a plurality of beams, each beam of light is subjected to different delays, namely, different beams of light have certain delay difference, and the delay difference is larger than the coherence length of a light source; the light beams which are subjected to different delays are combined with the same polarization and are injected into an optical fiber together for transmission, and the light in the optical fiber is transmitted along one direction only; returning to the beam splitting/combining unit after being transmitted by the optical fiber, reversely inputting the optical fiber to the beam splitting/combining unit, and forming interference after being transmitted by the beam splitting/combining unit; the interference is aplanatic interference; in the interference light path structure constructed by the method, the optical fiber for light beam common transmission is used as a sensing optical fiber, and in the common transmission optical fiber, the working light only has the light beam transmitted in the forward direction and is not interfered by the backward scattering light completely; since the polarization of different light beams in the injected light is the same, in long-distance optical fiber transmission, the polarization change of each light beam by the transmission path birefringence of the optical fiber is the same, so that each light beam emitted from the transmission optical fiber still keeps the same polarization state.
2. The optical fiber interference optical path based on the optical unidirectional transmission of the construction method of claim 1 is characterized by comprising a first polarization-maintaining coupler D1, a polarization-maintaining delay unit D2, a second polarization-maintaining coupler D3, a first controllable optical transmission direction device D4, a polarization processing unit D5 and a transmission optical fiber D6; d1, D2 and D3 form a light beam splitting/combining unit D0;
p11, P12, and P13 are the optical input/output ports of D1, respectively; p21 and P22 are input/output ports of D2; p31, P32, P33 and P34 are input/output ports of D3; p68 and P69 are two endpoints of D6, A is any one of D6;
the input light is connected with a port P11 of a first polarization maintaining coupler D1, and a port P12 of a first polarization maintaining coupler D1 is connected with a port P21 of a polarization maintaining delay unit D2; the port P22 of the polarization-maintaining retardation unit D2 is connected with the port P31 of the second polarization-maintaining coupler D3; the port P13 of the first polarization maintaining coupler D1 is connected with the port P32 of the second polarization maintaining coupler D3; a port P33 of the second polarization-maintaining coupler D3 is sequentially connected with a port P34 of the first controllable optical transmission direction device D4, a transmission optical fiber D6, a polarization processing unit D5 and a polarization-maintaining coupler D3;
the time delay generated by the polarization-maintaining delay unit D2 is larger than the coherence time of the light source;
the polarization processing unit D5 adjusts the polarization of the light injected from the transmission fiber D6 to the port P34 of the polarization-maintaining coupler D3 to meet the interference requirement; the polarization processing unit D5 is a polarization controller, or other device capable of processing polarization;
the first controllable light transmission direction device D4 is used to ensure that light can only be transmitted from the port P33 of the polarization-maintaining coupler D3 to the P68 end of the transmission fiber D6, and cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction, i.e., cannot be transmitted from P68 to P33; in particular an optical isolator or an optical circulator.
3. The optical fiber interference optical path based on optical unidirectional transmission of claim 2, wherein the connection between the light output from D0 and the transmission optical fiber D6, the first device for controlling the optical transmission direction D4 adopts a polarization-maintaining optical circulator, P41 and P42 are ports of the circulator, the light output from P33 and injected into D4 can only be output from P41, and the light input from P42 can only be returned to P33 through D4; the light output from the P33 is injected into the P68 of D6 through P41, is transmitted through D6 and is output from P69, and the light returning to the D0 is output through the P42 port of the circulator D4 and is injected into D0 through P33.
4. The optical fiber interference circuit based on optical unidirectional transmission of claim 2, wherein in long distance sensing application, i.e. the transmission fiber loss is large, a unidirectional working optical amplifier D7 with an isolator inside is added between the transmission fiber D6 and the first device D4 for controlling the optical transmission direction to overcome the effect of the fiber loss.
5. The optical fiber interference circuit based on optical unidirectional transmission of claim 2, characterized in that a second device D8 capable of controlling the optical transmission direction is added between the port P3 of the polarization-maintaining coupler D3 and the polarization processing unit D5, so as to isolate the scattered light more thoroughly; the second light transmission direction controllable device D8 has the same transmission direction of light as that controlled by the first light transmission direction controllable device D4.
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| Title |
|---|
| HUANG, JW; CHEN, YC;XIAO, Q;JIA, B: "A novel Sagnac distributed optical fiber vibration sensor based on time delay estimation algorithm", 《2021 OPTICS FRONTIERS ONLINE 2020: DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS》 * |
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| CN113358142B (en) | 2022-11-18 |
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