CN113356863B - High-low combined presplitting blasting method for hard top plate of coal face in subareas - Google Patents
High-low combined presplitting blasting method for hard top plate of coal face in subareas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113356863B CN113356863B CN202110841631.6A CN202110841631A CN113356863B CN 113356863 B CN113356863 B CN 113356863B CN 202110841631 A CN202110841631 A CN 202110841631A CN 113356863 B CN113356863 B CN 113356863B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-low combined presplitting blasting method for hard top plates of a coal face in different areas, which is characterized in that the working face between a cutting hole and a mining stop line is equally divided into a plurality of areas along the advancing direction of the working face, and drilling and coring are adopted for each area to test, so that the thickness and physical mechanical parameters of different layers of strata above the top plates of each area are determined, the position of the hard strata above the top plate of a roadway of each area is further determined, and the vertical distance between the top plate of each hard stratum and the top plate of the roadway and the thickness of the top plate of each hard stratum are obtained; a plurality of blast hole groups are uniformly distributed in the two crossroads in the same partition, and each group of blast holes is arranged from the production side of the roadway top plate of the crossroad to the upper part of the working surface; and determining the construction parameters of each blast hole in each blast hole group, and performing pre-splitting blasting on the hard rock layer above the top plate of each partition roadway, thereby completing the pre-splitting blasting operation of the hard top plate above the working face. Effectively improve the presplitting blasting effect, reduce the power disaster risk that leads to by hard roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-low combined presplitting blasting method for a hard roof of a coal face in a partitioning manner, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety.
Background
In the underground mining process of a coal mine, the hard thick-layer roof has large breaking step distance and wide breaking influence range due to high strength and large thickness, and the safety recovery of a working face is seriously threatened. At present, a top plate presplitting blasting method is generally adopted to control a hard thick-layer top plate, the method is usually based on the design of blasting parameters of a single drilling column, the blasting pertinence is poor, the blasting cannot achieve the expected effect, even abnormal stress transfer can be caused, artificial disturbance is caused, and an impact disaster is induced. In addition, the inclination length of the coal face is large, the thickness and physical mechanical parameters of a hard rock stratum of a top plate of the working face often change greatly along the inclination direction, and the structural characteristics of the top plate changing in the working face stoping process cannot be represented only by rock stratum information of a single drill hole, so that the conditions of poor blasting effect and difficult top plate management are caused. Therefore, how to provide a method is a research direction of the industry, and aims at achieving accurate blasting of the hard rock stratum of the coal seam roof on the working face with large occurrence conditions and structural characteristic changes of the roof rock stratum, improving the pre-splitting blasting effect and reducing the risk of dynamic disasters caused by the hard roof.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-low combined presplitting blasting method for a hard roof of a coal face in a partition mode, which can determine the position of each hard rock stratum in advance and then accurately blast each hard rock stratum respectively, so that the presplitting blasting effect is effectively improved, and the risk of power disasters caused by the hard roof is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a coal face hard roof partition high-low position combined presplitting blasting method comprises the following specific steps:
A. selecting a working face required to be presplit and blasting, equally dividing the working face between the cutting hole and the stoping line into a plurality of subareas along the advancing direction of the working face, wherein the length of each subarea is lm；
B. Selecting a partition length lm2, respectively testing the two crossheading positions above the roadway top plate by adopting drilling coring, thereby determining the thickness and the physical and mechanical parameters of different layer strata above the top plate of each subarea roadway;
C. according to the test result, selecting a single rock stratum with the thickness of more than 10m and the uniaxial compressive strength of more than 60MPa as a hard rock stratum, determining the position of the hard rock stratum above the top plate of the roadway of each partition, and obtaining the vertical distance H between the top plate of each hard rock stratum and the top plate of the roadwayNAnd thickness h thereofN(ii) a Thereby determining the object of the presplitting blasting;
D. selecting a partition closest to a cutting position from a plurality of partitions with hard rock layers above a roadway top plate, uniformly distributing a plurality of blast hole groups in two crossroads along the advancing direction of a working face in the partition, wherein the distance between every two adjacent blast hole groups in the same crossroad is 10-25 m, and firstly, one blast hole group is formedThe group is arranged above a working surface from the production side of a roadway top plate of the crossheading, a plurality of blast holes are arranged on the same vertical plane in a fan shape, the number of the blast holes in each group is the same as that of hard rock stratums above the subarea, the number of the blast holes is N, and the length of each blast hole is LNThe aperture of each blast hole in the same group is phi, and the construction angle of each blast hole in the group is alphaNEach blast hole has a charge length of lN(ii) a Wherein the length L of each blast holeNIs the vertical distance H from the top plate of the roadway to the top plate of the hard rock stratumNConstruction angle alpha with each blast holeNRatio of sine values, i.e. LN＝HN/sinαNCharge length l of each blast holeNFor each hard formation thickness hNConstruction angle alpha with each blast holeNRatio of sine values, i.e. lN＝hN/sinαN(ii) a Determining the construction parameters of each blast hole in the blast hole group, further completing the construction of the group of blast holes, and repeating the process of determining the construction parameters of the blast hole group for multiple times, thereby completing the construction of each blast hole group in the two crossheading grooves of the subarea; finally, performing presplitting blasting on the hard rock stratum above the partition roadway top plate;
E. and D, repeating the step D for multiple times, and respectively finishing the presplitting blasting of the hard rock stratum in each partition, thereby finishing the presplitting blasting of the hard top plate above the working face.
Further, l in the step AmIs 100 to 300 m.
Further, the vertical height of drilling and coring above the top plate of each partition roadway in the step B is 100 m.
Furthermore, in the step D, the number of the respective blast hole groups in the two gate grooves in the same partition is the same, and the two corresponding blast hole groups in the two gate grooves are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the partition in the propulsion direction of the working face; blast hole construction angle alphaNThe range of the aperture phi is 30-75 degrees, and the range of the aperture phi is 60-90 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the method equally divides the working face between the cutting hole and the stoping line of the coal face into a plurality of subareas along the advancing direction of the working face, selects two crossheading at the midpoint position of the length of each subarea to respectively test towards the positions above the roadway roof by adopting drilling coring, and can determine the thickness and the physical and mechanical parameters of different layers of rock strata above the roadway roof of each subarea; determining the position of a hard rock stratum above each partition roadway top plate, and obtaining the vertical distance and the thickness of the top plate of each hard rock stratum from the roadway top plate; a plurality of blast hole groups are uniformly distributed in the two gate grooves along the propelling direction of the working face in the same partition, each group of blast holes are arranged from the production side of the roadway top plate of the gate groove to the upper part of the working face, and are arranged in a fan shape on the same vertical plane; determining construction parameters of each blast hole in each blast hole group, and performing pre-splitting blasting on the hard rock layer above the top plate of each partition roadway so as to finish the pre-splitting blasting work of the hard top plate above the working face; therefore, the method can respectively perform targeted blasting on the multilayer hard roof with large changes in physical and mechanical parameters and thickness of the rock layer above the working face, realize accurate blasting of the hard roof, improve the pre-splitting blasting effect of the hard roof, and reduce the risk of dynamic disasters such as mine pressure impact on the working face.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the working face zoning and drill coring position of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of each group of blast holes in a fan shape and the blasting parameters.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. selecting a working face required to be presplit and blasting, equally dividing the working face between the cutting hole and the stoping line into a plurality of subareas along the advancing direction of the working face, wherein the length of each subarea is lm；lm100-300 m;
B. selecting a partition length lm2, respectively testing the two crossheading positions above the roadway top plate by adopting drilling coring, thereby determining the thickness and the physical and mechanical parameters of different layer strata above the top plate of each subarea roadway; the bore holeThe vertical height of coring is 100 m;
C. according to the test result, selecting a single rock stratum with the thickness of more than 10m and the uniaxial compressive strength of more than 60MPa as a hard rock stratum, determining the position of the hard rock stratum above the top plate of the roadway of each partition, and obtaining the vertical distance H between the top plate of each hard rock stratum and the top plate of the roadwayNAnd thickness h thereofN(ii) a Thereby determining the object of the presplitting blasting;
D. selecting a partition closest to a hole cutting position from a plurality of partitions with hard rock layers above a roadway top plate, uniformly distributing the same number of blast hole groups in two crossheading grooves along the propelling direction of a working face in the partition, and symmetrically arranging two corresponding blast hole groups in the two crossheading grooves by using the center line of the partition along the propelling direction of the working face; the distance between adjacent blast hole groups in the same crossheading is 10-25 m, one blast hole group is firstly punched from the production side of a roadway top plate of the crossheading to the upper side of a working surface, a plurality of blast holes are arranged on the same vertical plane in a fan shape, the number of the blast holes in each group is the same as that of hard rock strata above the partition, the number of the blast holes is N, and the length of each blast hole is LNThe aperture of each blast hole in the same group is phi, and the construction angle of each blast hole in the group is alphaNEach blast hole has a charge length of lN(ii) a The blast hole construction angle alphaNThe range of the aperture phi is 30-75 degrees, and the range of the aperture phi is 60-90 mm; wherein the length L of each blast holeNIs the vertical distance H from the top plate of the roadway to the top plate of the hard rock stratumNConstruction angle alpha with each blast holeNRatio of sine values, i.e. LN＝HN/sinαNCharge length l of each blast holeNFor each hard formation thickness hNConstruction angle alpha with each blast holeNRatio of sine values, i.e. lN＝hN/sinαN(ii) a Determining the construction parameters of each blast hole in the blast hole group, further completing the construction of the group of blast holes, and repeating the process of determining the construction parameters of the blast hole group for multiple times, thereby completing the construction of each blast hole group in the two crossheading grooves of the subarea; finally, performing pre-cracking on the hard rock stratum above the partition roadway top plateBlasting;
E. and D, repeating the step D for multiple times, and respectively finishing the presplitting blasting of the hard rock stratum in each partition, thereby finishing the presplitting blasting of the hard top plate above the working face.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A coal face hard roof partition high-low position combined presplitting blasting method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. selecting a working face required to be presplit and blasting, equally dividing the working face between the cutting hole and the stoping line into a plurality of subareas along the advancing direction of the working face, wherein the length of each subarea is lm；
B. Selecting a partition length lm2, respectively testing the two crossheading positions above the roadway top plate by adopting drilling coring, thereby determining the thickness and the physical and mechanical parameters of different layer strata above the top plate of each subarea roadway;
C. according to the test result, selecting a single rock stratum with the thickness of more than 10m and the uniaxial compressive strength of more than 60MPa as a hard rock stratum, determining the position of the hard rock stratum above the top plate of the roadway of each partition, and obtaining the vertical distance H between the top plate of each hard rock stratum and the top plate of the roadwayNAnd thickness h thereofN(ii) a Thereby determining the object of the presplitting blasting;
D. selecting a partition closest to a cutting hole position from a plurality of partitions with hard rock layers above a roadway roof, uniformly arranging a plurality of blast hole groups in two crossheading grooves along the advancing direction of a working face in the partition, wherein the distance between adjacent blast hole groups in the same crossheading groove is 10-25 m, firstly, drilling one blast hole group from the production side of the roadway roof of the crossheading groove to the upper part of the working face, a plurality of blast holes are arranged on the same vertical plane in a fan shape, the number of the blast holes in each group is the same as the number of the hard rock layers above the partition, and the number of the blast holes is set asN, each blast hole has a length LNThe aperture of each blast hole in the same group is phi, and the construction angle of each blast hole in the group is alphaNEach blast hole has a charge length of lN(ii) a Wherein the length L of each blast holeNIs the vertical distance H from the top plate of the roadway to the top plate of the hard rock stratumNConstruction angle alpha with each blast holeNRatio of sine values, i.e. Lw＝Hw/sinαwCharge length l of each blast holeNFor each hard formation thickness hNConstruction angle alpha with each blast holeNRatio of sine values, i.e. lw＝hw/sinαw(ii) a Determining the construction parameters of each blast hole in the blast hole group, further completing the construction of the blast hole group, repeating the process of determining the construction parameters of the blast hole group for multiple times, and completing the construction of each blast hole group in the two crossheading grooves of the subarea; finally, performing presplitting blasting on the hard rock stratum above the partition roadway top plate;
E. and D, repeating the step D for multiple times, and respectively finishing the presplitting blasting of the hard rock stratum in each partition, thereby finishing the presplitting blasting of the hard top plate above the working face.
2. The method for partitioning high and low combined presplitting blasting of hard roof of coal mining working face according to claim 1, characterized in that l in the step AmIs 100 to 300 m.
3. The method for combined high and low presplitting blasting of hard top plate subareas of a coal face in the step B is characterized in that the vertical height of the drill hole coring above each subarea roadway top plate in the step B is 100 m.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step D, the number of the sets of blastholes in the two gate roads in the same partition is the same, and the two sets of blastholes in the two gate roads are in one-to-one correspondence, and the two sets of blastholes in the two gate roads are in correspondence with each other, and the partition is used for presplitting blasting along the working faceThe central lines of the propelling directions are symmetrically arranged; blast hole construction angle alphaNThe range of the aperture phi is 30-75 degrees, and the range of the aperture phi is 60-90 mm.
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| CN103278055B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2015-02-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Roof-cutting pressure relief method in hard-roof deep-hole pre-splitting blasting |
| CN108518222B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-06-11 | 太原理工大学 | Paste body filling combination top plate presplitting second mining super high seam stops the method for adopting line coal column |
| CN112814679A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-18 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Pre-splitting blasting method for layered inclined fully-mechanized direct-covered hard roof of slowly-inclined thick coal seam |
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