CN113356818B - Multi-stage fracturing cleaning displacement process for horizontal well casing - Google Patents
Multi-stage fracturing cleaning displacement process for horizontal well casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113356818B CN113356818B CN202010149971.8A CN202010149971A CN113356818B CN 113356818 B CN113356818 B CN 113356818B CN 202010149971 A CN202010149971 A CN 202010149971A CN 113356818 B CN113356818 B CN 113356818B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-stage fracturing clean displacement process for a horizontal well casing, which comprises the following steps of 1: calculating the displacement liquid amount from a well mouth to a perforation position according to the inner diameter of an oil layer casing in a shaft and the top position of the perforation section; and 2, step: performing fracturing construction on the target horizontal well, and injecting high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid for displacement when the construction reaches a displacement stage; and step 3: injecting low-viscosity slick water liquid, and reducing the discharge capacity of the low-viscosity slick water liquid to low discharge capacity for replacement in a mode of reducing the discharge capacity step by step; and 4, step 4: when the displacement is carried out at low discharge capacity until the sum of the liquid quantities of the slickwater liquid with low viscosity and the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid reaches the displacement liquid quantity from the well head to the perforation position, if the construction pressure is not stable, the liquid needs to be pumped continuously until the construction pressure is stable and kept for a period of time, and the construction is finished. The process provided by the invention can improve the cleaning degree of the shaft in the implementation of reservoir reconstruction and can avoid the problem of excessive liquid consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-section fracturing clean displacement process for a horizontal well casing, and belongs to the technical field of unconventional reservoir horizontal well multi-section modification yield-increasing modification.
Background
The horizontal well multi-section fracturing technology is one of the important technologies for unconventional oil and gas development at home and abroad at present, because a main body of the horizontal well adopts a casing bridge plug sectional fracturing mode, a perforating gun and a bridge plug are required to be pumped into each section of fractured well, the requirement on the cleanness of a shaft is high, and if a little of propping agent stays in the shaft of the horizontal well, the bad effects of gun blocking, incapability of running and the like can be caused; meanwhile, if the liquid amount in the early stage displacement is too much, the excessive displacement of the preorder fracturing layer can be caused, the ineffective support of the crack at the seam opening can be caused, and the effect after the fracturing is seriously influenced.
Therefore, too little displacement or improper method easily causes great difficulty in subsequent operation, and too much displacement causes bad effect after pressing. For a long time, reasonable and scientific dosage troubles the multi-section modification fracturing design of the horizontal well. At present, a set of mature and unified comprehensive evaluation method is not formed. Therefore, the new process for cleaning and replacing the casing multi-section fracturing of the horizontal well becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings, the invention aims to provide a multi-section fracturing clean displacement process for a horizontal well casing. The process has reliable principle and simple flow, can improve the cleaning degree of a shaft in the implementation of reservoir transformation, can avoid the problem of excessive liquid consumption, can realize win-win of improving the operation effect and the transformation effect, and has wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-stage fracturing clean displacement process for a horizontal well casing, wherein the process comprises:
step 1: calculating the displacement liquid amount from a well mouth to a perforation position according to the inner diameter of an oil layer casing in a shaft and the top position of the perforation section;
step 2: performing fracturing construction on the target horizontal well, and injecting high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid for displacement when the construction reaches a displacement stage;
and step 3: injecting low-viscosity slick water liquid, and reducing the discharge capacity of the low-viscosity slick water liquid to low discharge capacity in a step-by-step discharge capacity reduction mode for replacement;
and 4, step 4: and when the displacement is carried out at the low displacement until the sum of the liquid quantities of the low-viscosity slickwater liquid and the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid reaches the displacement liquid quantity from the well head to the perforation position, if the construction pressure is not stable, the low-viscosity slickwater liquid still needs to be pumped in until the construction pressure is stable and kept for a period of time, and the construction is finished.
In the above-described process, preferably, in step 1), the displacement fluid amount from the well head to the perforation position is calculated according to the following formula 1) based on the inner diameter of the oil casing in the well bore and the top position of the perforation section;
V＝3.14D 2 l/4; formula 1);
in formula 1), V is the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position, m 3 D is the inner diameter of the oil layer casing in the shaft, m and L are the lengths from the well mouth to the top of the perforation section, and m.
In the above process, in order to maintain the flowing state of the liquid in the well bore, it is preferable that in step 2, the construction displacement of the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid is the same as the injection displacement of the liquid injected by the fracturing construction before the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid is injected.
In the above process, preferably, in step 2, the injection amount of the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid is 20-30% of the displacement fluid amount from the wellhead to the perforation position calculated in step 1. Wherein, the injection amount of the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid can be obtained by a conventional liquid parallel plate visualization experimental device existing in the field.
In the above process, preferably, the high viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage, based on 100% of the total weight of the high viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid: 0.3-0.5% of anionic polymer thickening agent, 0.1-0.20% of cross-linking agent, 0.05-0.2% of pH regulator, 0.05-0.2% of gel breaker and the balance of water.
In the above process, the viscosity of the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid is preferably 300MPa · s or more.
When the high-viscosity cross-linking fracturing fluid is prepared, the raw materials are mixed and then undergo chemical reaction within 5min, and the high-viscosity cross-linking fracturing fluid with the viscosity of more than 300 MPa.s can be obtained.
The viscosity of the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid can reach more than 300MPa & s within 5min (reaction time), which is beneficial to forming piston type propulsion and cleaning the propping agent in a shaft.
In the above process, preferably, the anionic polymer thickener is an anionic polyacrylamide multiple graft polymer. Wherein, the anionic polyacrylamide multi-graft polymer is a conventional substance, and can be obtained by commercial products or by utilizing the conventional method in the field.
In the above process, preferably, the raw material composition of the cross-linking agent comprises, based on 100% of the total weight of the cross-linking agent: 10-20% of organic zirconium, 5-10% of organic boron and the balance of organic alcohol ligand.
In the above-mentioned process, those skilled in the art can select suitable organozirconium, organoboron and organoalcohol for preparing the cross-linking agent according to actual operation needs on site;
preferably, the organic zirconium is zirconium oxychloride, the organic boron is a multi-element organic composite cross-linking agent JL-6 produced by Kunshan corporation of China petroleum materials, and the organic alcohol ligand comprises one or a combination of methanol, ethanol and glycol.
The preparation method of the cross-linking agent is not specifically required, and in the field implementation process, the raw materials for preparing the cross-linking agent are mixed and then undergo chemical reaction at normal temperature to obtain the cross-linking agent.
In the above process, preferably, the breaker is ammonium persulfate.
The pH regulator used in the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid is not required to be specially required, and a person skilled in the art can reasonably select the specific pH regulator according to the field operation requirement as long as the aim of regulating the pH value can be fulfilled. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pH adjusting agent may be any acid used in the art, such as citric acid and the like.
The preparation method of the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid is not particularly required, and in the field implementation process, the raw materials used for preparing the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid are mixed and then undergo chemical reaction at normal temperature to obtain the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid.
In the above-described process, preferably, in step 3, the low-viscosity slickwater liquid is a liquid having a viscosity of 5 to 10MPa · s.
Wherein the low-viscosity slickwater liquid is a liquid with uniform viscosity and the viscosity of the low-viscosity slickwater liquid is 5-10 MPa.s; also, the low viscosity slickwater fluid does not have an average viscosity difference of more than 20% after sampling.
The low viscosity slickwater fluid used in the present invention may be conventional products used in the art, for example in embodiments of the present invention the low viscosity slickwater fluid is a slickwater guar based product.
In the above process, preferably, in step 3, injecting low-viscosity slickwater liquid and reducing the discharge capacity of the low-viscosity slickwater liquid to low discharge capacity in a gradual reduction manner for displacement, includes:
injecting low-viscosity slick water liquid, reducing the discharge amount of the low-viscosity slick water liquid in a step-by-step discharge amount reduction mode, and performing displacement by adopting low discharge amount when the liquid amount of the low-viscosity slick water liquid is 50% of the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position in the step 1, wherein the low discharge amount is 1-2m 3 /min。
In the above process, preferably, the stepwise decreasing of the displacement is to decrease the displacement by 0.5-1 m/min 3 。
In the above process, preferably, in step 4, the smooth construction pressure means that the fluctuation range of the construction pressure is less than 0.1MPa/min.
In the above process, preferably, in step 4, the construction pressure is stabilized and maintained for a period of time of 1min or more.
The horizontal well casing multi-section fracturing clean displacement process provided by the invention can improve the cleaning degree of the proppant in the well shaft after the horizontal well multi-section fracturing, can also avoid the problem of influencing the post-fracturing effect caused by the displacement of a large amount of liquid, and is beneficial to improving the construction effect on site.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the horizontal well casing multi-section fracturing clean displacement process provided by the invention greatly improves the cleaning degree of the horizontal well casing and reduces the influence of the proppant on the later plugging operation; meanwhile, the efficiency is improved, the adverse effect caused by pumping of a large amount of liquid in the past is reduced, and the guide basis is provided for improving the operation timeliness and the operation later effect. From the analysis of field test conditions and effects, the method is reasonable in concept and remarkable in effect, successfully solves the problem that the cleanness and the excessive displacement of a shaft cannot be improved in the multi-section modification of the horizontal well, and improves the success rate and the fracturing modification effect of the multi-section fracturing modification of the horizontal well.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a construction graph in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid, wherein the high-viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid comprises the following raw materials by taking the total weight of the raw materials used for preparing the high-viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid as 100 percent:
0.3% of an anionic polymer thickener, 0.1% of a cross-linking agent, 0.1% of a pH regulator, 0.15% of a gel breaker and the balance of water;
in this example, the anionic polymer thickener is an anionic polyacrylamide multigraft polymer (a material conventional in the art);
in this embodiment, the total weight of the cross-linking agent is 100%, and the cross-linking agent comprises the following raw materials: 13% of organozirconium, 7% of organoboron and the balance of organoalcohol ligand;
the organic zirconium is zirconium oxychloride, the organic boron is a multi-element organic composite cross-linking agent JL-6 produced by Kunshan corporation of China petroleum materials, and the organic alcohol ligand is methanol;
in this example, the pH adjuster used was citric acid;
in this embodiment, the gel breaker is ammonium persulfate.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a certain section of a shale gas horizontal well in multi-section reservoir transformation is taken as an example to illustrate the horizontal well casing multi-section fracturing cleaning displacement process provided by the invention, the horizontal well is completed by using a casing with an outer diameter of 139.7mm, the inner diameter is 121mm, and the first perforation position of a target interval is 4220m.
Step 1: according to the inner diameter of an oil layer casing in a shaft and the top position of a perforation section, calculating the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position according to the following formula 1), and calculating to obtain the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position as 48.5m 3 。
V＝3.14D 2 L/4; formula 1);
in formula 1), V is the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position, m 3 D is the inside diameter of the production casing in the wellbore, and m, L is the length from the wellhead to the top of the perforation interval (i.e., the first perforation location in the interval of interest), m.
Step 2: carrying out fracturing construction on the stratum, and when the construction reaches a displacement stage, injecting the high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid provided by the embodiment 1 for displacement; the construction discharge capacity of the high-viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid is the same as the injection discharge capacity of the fluid injected into the fracturing construction before the high-viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid is injected, and in the embodiment, the construction discharge capacity is 8m 3 Min, injection quantity 10m 3 。
And step 3: injecting low-viscosity slick water liquid with the construction discharge capacity of 8m 3 Min (slippery water guar gum products with the viscosity of 10 MPa-s), and reducing the discharge capacity of the slippery water liquid with low viscosity in a mode of reducing the discharge capacity step by step when the discharge capacity is reduced to 2m 3 At/min (low viscosity at this time)The liquid amount of the slickwater liquid is 24.25m 3 ) Keeping the displacement pumping on.
And 4, step 4: displacing to the sum of the liquid quantities of the low-viscosity slickwater liquid and the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid at the low displacement to reach the displacement liquid quantity (48.5 m) from the well head to the perforation position 3 ) If the construction pressure still does not reach the stable moment that the pressure fluctuation range is less than 0.1MPa/min, the pump is continuously pumped for 3m 3 The pressure of the slickwater liquid with low viscosity is found to be stable basically, the pressure is stable after the slickwater liquid is pumped for 1min, and the pump is stopped at the moment to finish the construction.
The perforating gun and the bridge plug are pumped, the problems of gun clamping and the like caused by shaft sand deposition and the like are avoided during smooth construction, and the reliability of the multi-section fracturing clean displacement process of the horizontal well casing provided by the invention is proved.
The construction diagram of this example 2 is shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the discharge amount of the low-viscosity slickwater liquid is reduced from 8m when the discharge amount is reduced step by step 3 The/min gradually decreased when the liquid volume of the slickwater liquid with low viscosity is 50% of the displacement liquid volume from the well head to the perforation position in the step 1 (24.25 m in the embodiment) 3 ) Replacing with low displacement, wherein the low displacement is 2m 3 Min; decrease by 0.5m every 1 minute 3 The time taken shown in fig. 1 is 12 minutes; but the construction pressure still does not reach the stable moment that the pressure fluctuation range is less than 0.1MPa/min, so that the pump is continuously pumped for 3m 3 The pressure of the slickwater liquid with low viscosity is found to be basically stable at the moment, the pressure is stable after the slickwater liquid is pumped for 1min, and the pump is stopped at the moment to finish the construction. Therefore, the process provided by the invention can effectively guide field construction.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.
Claims (13)
1. The multi-stage fracturing clean displacement process for the horizontal well casing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: calculating the displacement liquid amount from a well head to a perforation position according to the following formula 1) according to the inner diameter of an oil layer casing in a shaft and the top position of the perforation section;
V＝3.14D 2 l/4; formula 1);
in formula 1), V is the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position, m 3 D is the inner diameter of an oil layer casing in the shaft, m and L are the lengths from the well mouth to the top of the perforation section, and m;
step 2: performing fracturing construction on the target horizontal well, and injecting high-viscosity crosslinking fracturing fluid for displacement when the construction reaches a displacement stage;
and step 3: injecting low-viscosity slick water liquid, and reducing the discharge capacity of the low-viscosity slick water liquid to low discharge capacity in a step-by-step discharge capacity reduction mode for replacement, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
injecting low-viscosity slick water liquid, reducing the discharge amount of the low-viscosity slick water liquid in a step-by-step discharge amount reduction mode, and performing displacement by adopting low discharge amount when the liquid amount of the low-viscosity slick water liquid is 50% of the displacement liquid amount from the well head to the perforation position in the step 1, wherein the low discharge amount is 1-2m 3 /min；
And 4, step 4: and when the displacement is carried out at the low displacement until the sum of the liquid quantities of the low-viscosity slickwater liquid and the high-viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid reaches the displacement liquid quantity from the well head to the perforation position, if the construction pressure is not stable, the low-viscosity slickwater liquid still needs to be pumped in until the construction pressure is stable and kept for a period of time, and the construction is finished.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the construction displacement of the high viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid is the same as the injection displacement of the fluid injected into the fracturing construction before the high viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid is injected.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the injection amount of the high viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid is 20-30% of the displacement fluid amount from the wellhead to the perforation position calculated in step 1.
4. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the high viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage based on 100% of the total weight of the high viscosity cross-linked fracturing fluid:
0.3-0.5% of anionic polymer thickening agent, 0.1-0.20% of cross-linking agent, 0.05-0.2% of pH regulator, 0.05-0.2% of gel breaker and the balance of water.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the high viscosity crosslinked fracturing fluid has a viscosity of 300 MPa-s or greater.
6. The process of claim 4, wherein the anionic polymeric thickener is an anionic polyacrylamide multiple graft polymer.
7. The process according to claim 4, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the cross-linking agent:
10-20% of organic zirconium, 5-10% of organic boron and the balance of organic alcohol ligand.
8. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the organic zirconium is zirconium oxychloride, the organic boron is a multi-component organic complex cross-linking agent JL-6 produced by Kunshan corporation, china Petroleum resources, and the organic alcohol ligand comprises one or more of methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol.
9. The process of claim 4, wherein the breaker is ammonium persulfate.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the low viscosity slickwater fluid is a fluid having a viscosity of 5-10 MPa-s.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the step-wise decreasing is a decrease in displacement of 0.5-1m per minute 3 。
12. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the smooth construction pressure means that the fluctuation range of the construction pressure is less than 0.1MPa/min.
13. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 12, wherein in step 4, the construction pressure is stabilized and maintained for a period of time of 1min or more.
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| US7350579B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2008-04-01 | Clearwater International Llc | Sand aggregating reagents, modified sands, and methods for making and using same |
| CN101280678A (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2008-10-08 | 大庆汇联技术开发有限公司 | Oil well chemical gorge and disgorge yield increasing and inverse direction regulating block connection working process |
| US8260573B2 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2012-09-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Dynamic calculation of allocation factors for a producer well |
| CN102562021B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-04-15 | 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 | Quick gel breaking process for intermediate and low temperate oil gas well fracturing fluid |
| CN110005393A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-12 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | A kind of underground coal mine waterpower sand fracturing system and fracturing process |
| CN110805419B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2022-08-02 | 长江大学 | Large-liquid-volume large-displacement large-pad-fluid low-sand-ratio slickwater volume fracturing method |
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