CN113356762A

CN113356762A - Drilling equipment and drilling method for shale oil horizontal well

Info

Publication number: CN113356762A
Application number: CN202110702359.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈珊; 迟焕鹏; 徐兴友; 刘卫彬; 白静; 李耀华
Original assignee: Oil & Gas Survey Cgs
Current assignee: Oil & Gas Survey Cgs
Priority date: 2021-06-22
Filing date: 2021-06-22
Publication date: 2021-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-22
Also published as: CN113356762B

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of shale oil and gas drilling, and particularly provides drilling equipment and a drilling method for a shale oil horizontal well, wherein the drilling equipment comprises a drill bit and a barrel, the drill bit comprises an end cover, a jet flow nozzle and an adjusting mechanism, the end cover is provided with an opening corresponding to the jet flow nozzle, the jet flow nozzle is positioned at the opening, the end cover is connected with the jet flow nozzle through the adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the jet angle of the jet flow nozzle; a liquid supply pipe and a liquid discharge pipe are arranged in the barrel body, the liquid supply pipe is used for supplying drilling liquid to the jet nozzle, and the liquid discharge pipe is used for sucking the drilling liquid sprayed by the jet nozzle; and the steering mechanism is used for connecting the cylinder body and the drill bit through the steering mechanism. The drilling equipment provided by the invention adjusts the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle through the adjusting mechanism, so that the drill bit can jet flow in a certain direction, a bending space is formed in front of the drill bit, the drill bit can easily and quickly adjust the drilling direction, and the drilling rate of shale oil high-quality reservoirs is improved.

Description

Drilling equipment and drilling method for shale oil horizontal well

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of shale oil and gas drilling, in particular to drilling equipment and a drilling method for a shale oil horizontal well.

Background

Shale oil broadly refers to the petroleum resources contained in shale oil layers. Including oil in the shale pores and fractures and also oil resources in the tight carbonate or clastic interbeddes in shale layer systems.

The existing shale oil resources are usually explored and developed by adopting a horizontal well drilling technology. However, in the drilling process of the existing shale oil horizontal well, due to the fact that the drilling track is difficult to adjust, the drilling track with a large turning radius is generally adopted in the design of the well track. When the horizontal well drilling equipment is actually drilled, the horizontal well drilling equipment can not drill according to a preset track at a target layer position, particularly when an unstable reservoir which is suddenly changed under the conditions of a stratum inclination angle, reservoir thickness or brittleness is drilled, the adjustment difficulty of a well track is high, the drilling direction of a drill bit cannot be changed in time, the drilling rate of a high-quality reservoir of the horizontal well is seriously influenced, and further the shale oil exploration and development effect is influenced.

In addition, in the drilling process of the existing horizontal well, the geosteering measuring equipment is adopted for guiding the drilling track, but the existing geosteering measuring equipment is installed behind a power drilling tool and is used for controlling the drilling track through the drilling depth and simple geological data, the influence of the elasticity and the strength of stratum rocks on a drill bit is not considered, and the accuracy of the drilling track trend is directly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above analysis, the present application aims to provide a drilling apparatus and a drilling method for a shale oil horizontal well, so as to solve one or more of the problems that the existing drilling apparatus is difficult to adjust the drilling direction quickly and accurately and the precision of the well track is poor.

The purpose of the application is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, there is provided a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well, comprising:

the drill bit comprises an end cover, a jet flow nozzle and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the end cover is provided with an opening corresponding to the jet flow nozzle, the jet flow nozzle is positioned at the opening, the end cover is connected with the jet flow nozzle through the adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the jet angle of the jet flow nozzle;

the barrel, inside feed pipe and the fluid-discharge tube of being equipped with, the feed pipe is used for providing drilling fluid to the jet nozzle, and the fluid-discharge tube is used for sucking the drilling fluid of jet nozzle spun.

Furthermore, the end cover is a convex revolving body, and a plurality of jet nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the end cover.

Further, the adjusting mechanism comprises a telescopic cylinder and a connecting rod; the adjusting mechanisms correspond to the jet flow nozzles one to one; the jet nozzle is hinged with the end cover; one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the jet nozzle; the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the telescopic cylinder.

Further, the jet nozzle comprises a jet pipe with the aperture gradually reduced along the jet direction; the jet pipe is communicated with the liquid supply pipe.

Furthermore, the middle part of the end cover is provided with a liquid pumping port which is communicated with a liquid discharge pipe.

Further, a flexible sealing part is arranged between the opening and the jet nozzle.

Further, the liquid supply pipe and the liquid discharge pipe are coaxial sleeves; the coaxial sleeve comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe; the inner pipe is a liquid discharge pipe, and the outer pipe is a liquid supply pipe; the pipe wall of the inner pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve which is a one-way valve for the outer pipe to flow to the inner pipe.

Furthermore, the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well further comprises a steering mechanism, wherein the steering mechanism comprises a drill bit connecting part, a barrel connecting part and a steering connecting part; the barrel is connected with the barrel connecting part; the steering connecting part comprises a shaft body, a first bending cylinder and a second bending cylinder; the drill bit connecting part is hinged with the barrel connecting part through a shaft body; the shaft body is vertical to the axis of the drill bit; the pistons of the first bending cylinder and the second bending cylinder are hinged with the drill bit connecting part; the cylinder bodies of the first bending cylinder and the second bending cylinder are hinged to the cylinder body connecting portion.

Furthermore, the barrel is provided with a plurality of propulsion chains which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the propulsion chains are arranged along the axial direction of the barrel.

Furthermore, the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well further comprises geosteering measurement equipment, wherein the geosteering measurement equipment is used for measuring various rock physical parameters of a well bore penetrating through a stratum by utilizing a data curve obtained by the logging-while-drilling equipment in real time in the drilling process, identifying the drilled stratum in real time by combining with the geometric parameters of the well bore, and judging the change of the stratum in time.

In a second aspect, a shale oil horizontal well drilling method is further provided, and the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well provided by the first aspect of the application is used.

Further, the shale oil horizontal well drilling method comprises the following steps:

designing a shale oil horizontal well track based on the target horizon geological information;

and adjusting the drilling direction of the drill bit in real time, and performing drilling construction according to the designed well track of the shale oil horizontal well.

Further, the drill bit is controlled to drill according to the shale oil horizontal well track, and the method comprises the following steps:

acquiring geological data of a target stratum and acquiring acquisition data of a geosteering measuring device;

determining the rock elasticity and rock strength of the current stratum, the well section position and the geometrical parameter information of the well track at the drill bit according to the geological data and the collected data;

determining a risk index of the current stratum collapse according to the rock elasticity and the rock strength, wherein the risk index is equal to the product of the rock elasticity and the rock strength;

and when the risk index is larger than a preset value, adjusting the drilling direction of the drill bit according to the well section position and the geometric parameters of the well track at the drill bit, so that the drill bit drills according to the designed well track.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

(a) according to the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well, the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, so that the drill bit can jet flow towards a certain direction, a bent space is formed in front of the drill bit, the drill bit can easily and quickly realize accurate adjustment of the drilling direction, the drill bit is ensured to drill along the stratum inclination angle in the reservoir window, when the drill bit deviates or is about to deviate from the target dessert layer, the drilling direction of the drill bit is timely adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, the drill bit is quickly guided back to the target dessert layer, more accurate and timely blocking of the layer is realized, the well track is guided to be adjusted, the drill bit is ensured to always pass through the target dessert layer, and the reservoir drilling rate is improved.

(b) According to the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well, the supply and the pumping drainage of the drilling fluid are realized through the liquid supply pipe and the liquid discharge pipe, and meanwhile, rock debris generated in the drilling process is timely discharged out of a well hole; through set up the check valve between inner tube and outer tube to realize the purpose of pressure release, effectively prevent the feed pipe damage.

(c) According to the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted through the steering mechanism, so that the drill bit can smoothly enter a bending space generated by jet flow to continue drilling operation, and the drilling direction is quickly and accurately adjusted.

(d) According to the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well, the drill bit is pushed into the bent space formed by the jet flow through the pushing chain, so that the drilling construction efficiency is improved, and the drill bit is prevented from being clamped in the well.

(e) According to the shale oil horizontal well drilling method provided by the invention, the rock elasticity and the rock strength of the current stratum are determined through geological data and the acquired data of the geosteering measuring equipment, so that the risk index of the current stratum collapsing is calculated, and the drilling direction of the drill bit is timely adjusted according to the current well section position, so that the technical problem that the influence of the rock elasticity and the strength of the stratum on the drill bit is lacked in the process of controlling the drill bit track by utilizing the information obtained by the measuring equipment in the prior art is solved, the accuracy of the drilling track trend is directly influenced, the accuracy of the horizontal well track is ensured, the shale oil high-quality reservoir drilling rate is improved, the risk of the well wall collapsing is reduced, and the realization of a 'one-trip drilling' target is favorably ensured.

In the present application, the above technical solutions may be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination solutions. Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a drilling rig for a shale oil horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment mechanism of one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a steering mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a steering mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application in a cornering situation;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cartridge of FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cartridge of FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cartridge of FIG. 1 in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals:

1. a drill bit; 2. a barrel; 3. an end cap; 4. a jet nozzle; 5. a liquid supply tube; 6. a liquid discharge pipe; 7. a telescopic cylinder; 8. a connecting rod; 9. a bit connecting portion; 10. a barrel connecting part; 11. a shaft body; 12. a first bending cylinder; 13. a second bending cylinder; 14. a rotation mechanism; 15. a propulsion chain; 16. a liquid discharge sub-pipe; 17. detecting a transmitter; 18. a detection sensor; 19. a support; 19-1, mounting part; 19-2 and a support part.

Detailed Description

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application and not to limit the scope of the application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the term "connected" is to be understood broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, which may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, which may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "below," and "on … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.

Example 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a drilling rig for a shale oil horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present application.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the present application discloses a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well, comprising: the drill bit 1 comprises an end cover 3, a jet flow nozzle 4 and an adjusting mechanism, wherein the end cover 3 is provided with an opening corresponding to the jet flow nozzle 4, the jet flow nozzle 4 is positioned at the opening, the end cover 3 is connected with the jet flow nozzle 4 through the adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the jet angle of the jet flow nozzle 4; the barrel body 2 is internally provided with a liquid supply pipe 5 and a liquid discharge pipe 6, the liquid supply pipe 5 is used for supplying drilling liquid to the jet flow nozzle 4, and the liquid discharge pipe 6 is used for sucking the drilling liquid sprayed out from the jet flow nozzle 4.

The drill bit 1 serves as the main drilling body for drilling the well. The end cover 3 is positioned at the front end of the drill bit 1 along the drilling direction, the opening of the end cover 3 is used as a liquid discharge port, and the liquid discharge port is communicated with a liquid discharge pipe 6. The jet nozzle 4 can penetrate through the opening of the end cover 3 and eject drilling fluid, and the drilling fluid ejected by the jet nozzle 4 is high-pressure jet, so that the drilling fluid can break rock stratum in the drilling direction, and the drilling of the drill bit 1 is realized. Illustratively, the drilling fluid may be either a water-based drilling fluid or an oil-based drilling fluid.

When the drilling direction of the drill bit needs to be adjusted, the adjusting mechanism adjusts the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle 4, so that a space which is bent relative to the original direction appears in the drilling direction, the drill bit 1 is turned and moves forwards, the drill bit 1 smoothly enters the bent space, and the gradually-turning drilling is realized.

During drilling of the drill bit, the liquid supply pipe 5 supplies drilling liquid to the jet nozzle 4. After the drilling fluid is sprayed out by the jet nozzle 4, the drilling fluid mixed with foreign matters such as rock debris is pumped out by the liquid discharge pipe 6.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the end cover 3 is a convex revolving body, and a plurality of jet nozzles 4 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the end cover 3. The jet nozzles 4 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are beneficial to drilling towards the drill bit 1 by bending in any direction. The end cover 3 is a revolving body, so that the reaction force of the external force received when the drill bit 1 is turned towards all directions is consistent, and the turning control of the drill bit 1 is facilitated.

With continued reference to fig. 2, the jet nozzle 4 comprises a jet pipe with a gradually decreasing aperture in the direction of the jet; the jet pipe is communicated with the liquid supply pipe 5. The aperture of the jet pipe is gradually reduced, the pressure of the drilling fluid when the drilling fluid is jetted out from the jet nozzle 4 can be increased, the jet effect is further enhanced on the basis of the hydraulic pressure in the liquid supply pipe 5, and the drilling fluid at the jetting position can be ensured to be capable of crushing rocks in the drilling direction.

With continued reference to fig. 2, the middle of the end cap 3 is provided with a fluid extraction port, which is in communication with a fluid discharge tube. After the drilling fluid ejected from the jet nozzle 4 breaks the rock, impurities such as rock debris are mixed in. And pumping back the drilling fluid mixed with the rock debris impurities through the fluid pumping port so as to prevent the drilling fluid mixed with the rock debris impurities from influencing the drilling process.

Further, a flexible seal (not shown) is provided between the opening of the end cap 3 and the jet nozzle 4. Under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the relative end cover 3 wobbling of jet nozzle 4, flexible sealing portion can realize sealed to the opening of end cover 3, prevents that drilling fluid from entering into drill bit 1 from the gap between the opening of jet nozzle 4 and end cover 3 in, and the normal work of the part in the drill bit 1 is influenced. In addition, because the flexible sealing part is made of flexible materials, the flexible sealing part cannot interfere with the swinging of the jet nozzle 4, and the working flexibility and reliability of the device are ensured.

With continued reference to FIG. 2, the supply pipe 5 and the discharge pipe 6 are coaxial sleeves; the coaxial sleeve comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe; the inner tube is a liquid discharge tube 6 and the outer tube is a liquid supply tube 5. The liquid supply pipe 5 and the liquid discharge pipe 6 are formed as coaxial sleeves, and the space in the cylindrical body 2 can be sufficiently utilized. The inner pipe has a circular cross-sectional shape as the discharge pipe 6, and the maximum diameter of particles that can be accommodated inside is large, and the circular cross-sectional shape can reduce the possibility of clogging of the pipe due to the mixing of impurities such as debris with the discharged drilling fluid. The outer pipe is used as the liquid supply pipe 5 and has an annular cross section, the drilling fluid has good fluidity, the annular cross section can be adopted, and even if the maximum particle diameter which can be accommodated in the outer pipe is small, the drilling fluid is fluid and can be regarded as liquid, so the annular outer pipe does not influence the flowing of the drilling fluid. In addition, because the liquid feed pipe 5 provides drilling fluid for a plurality of jet nozzles 4 of circumference equipartition, consequently annular cross sectional shape is favorable to liquid feed pipe 5 and jet nozzles 4's intercommunication for the pressure that liquid feed pipe 5 applyed to jet nozzles 4 equals along the circumference of drill bit 1, avoids because of the uneven precision deviation that leads to drill bit 1 drilling direction to appear of jet pressure distribution, thereby guarantees that drill bit 1 steadily drills according to predetermined orbit.

In one embodiment of the present application, the wall of the inner tube is provided with a pressure relief valve (not shown in the figure), and the pressure relief valve is a one-way valve for the outer tube to flow to the inner tube. When the jet nozzle 4 is blocked, the pressure in the supply tube 5 will increase abnormally, and in order to prevent the damage of the supply tube 5, a check valve is arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube to achieve the purpose of pressure relief. Furthermore, when the jet nozzles 4 stop injecting drilling liquid, a water hammer effect occurs in the supply pipe 5. The water hammer effect can cause the drilling fluid in the supply pipe 5 to impact the jet nozzle 4 and the side walls of the supply pipe 5, causing damage to the jet nozzle 4. When the water hammer effect appears, the relief valve can let off the drilling fluid in the liquid supply pipe 5 to the fluid-discharge tube 6, reduces the impact of the drilling fluid on the jet nozzle 4, and prevents the water hammer effect from damaging the liquid supply pipe 5.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.

Referring to fig. 3, in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2, the adjustment mechanism comprises a telescopic cylinder 7 and a connecting rod 8; the adjusting mechanisms correspond to the jet nozzles 4 one by one; the jet nozzle 4 is hinged with the end cover 3; one end of the connecting rod 8 is hinged with the jet nozzle 4; the other end of the connecting rod 8 is hinged with the telescopic cylinder 7. The adjusting mechanisms correspond to the jet nozzles 4 one to one, and the jet direction of each jet nozzle 4 can be independently controlled, so that the drilling direction of the drill bit 1 can be accurately controlled. The adjusting mechanism adopts a structure that the telescopic cylinder 7 drives the connecting rod to swing, so that the jet nozzle 4 is driven to swing, and the angle between the jet direction of the frame skipping jet nozzle 4 and the axial direction of the drill bit 1 is changed. When the drilling direction needs to be bent to a certain direction, the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle 4 corresponding to the direction is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, so that the angle between the jet flow direction and the axial direction of the drill bit 1 is increased, the rock mass corresponding to the bending direction can be subjected to jet flow crushing, and the bending of drilling is realized.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a steering mechanism of a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a turning state of a steering mechanism of a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present application.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well further comprises a steering mechanism for steering the drill bit 1 relative to the barrel 2, thereby effecting a change in drilling direction. Specifically, the steering mechanism includes a bit connection portion 9, a barrel connection portion 10, and a steering connection portion; the drill bit 1 is connected with the drill bit connecting part 9, and the barrel 2 is hinged with the barrel connecting part 10 through a steering connecting part, so that the drill bit 1 and the barrel 2 can be relatively bent; the steering connecting part comprises a shaft body 11, a first bending cylinder 12 and a second bending cylinder 13; the shaft body 11 is vertical to the axis of the drill bit 1, and the drill bit connecting part 9 is hinged with the second connecting block through the shaft body 11; the drill bit connecting part 9 is connected with the cylinder connecting part 10 through a first bending cylinder 12 and a second bending cylinder 13, namely, two ends of the first bending cylinder 12 and two ends of the second bending cylinder 13 are respectively hinged with the drill bit connecting part 9 and the cylinder connecting part 10; the extension and contraction directions of the first bending cylinder 12 and the second bending cylinder 13 are parallel to the axis of the drill bit 1.

Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the shaft body 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit 1; the pistons of the first bending cylinder 12 and the second bending cylinder 13 are hinged with the drill bit connecting part 9; the cylinder bodies of the first and

second bending cylinders

12 and 13 are hinged to the cylinder connecting portion 10. When the second bending cylinder 13 is extended, the first bending cylinder 12 is shortened, and the drill bit connecting part 9 is bent toward the side of the first bending cylinder 12 relative to the cylinder connecting part 10, that is, the drilling direction of the drill bit 1 is reversed toward the side of the first bending cylinder 12. Similarly, when the first bending cylinder 12 is extended and the second bending cylinder 13 is shortened, the drill bit connecting portion 9 is bent toward the side of the second bending cylinder 13 relative to the cylinder connecting portion 10, that is, the drilling direction of the drill bit 1 is reversely turned toward the side of the second bending cylinder 13.

Since the first and

second bending cylinders

12, 13 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the drill bit 1, the drill bit 1 can be bent in the plane of the first and

second bending cylinders

12, 13. In order to enable the drill bit 1 to be steered in any direction, it is necessary to rotate the plane in which the first bending cylinder 12 and the second bending cylinder 13 are located about the axis of the drill bit 1. Therefore, the steering mechanism of the present embodiment can also drive the drill bit 1 to rotate around the axis of the cylinder 2, and the drill bit 1 can rotate 360 ° around the axis of the cylinder 2 by the driving of the steering mechanism. By adjusting the rotation angle of the bit connecting part 9 and the barrel connecting part 10 around the shaft body 11, the bit 1 is driven to rotate relative to the barrel 2, so that any angle adjustment of the drilling direction of the bit 1 is realized. When the drilling direction is adjusted, the jet nozzle 4 jets out drilling fluid, along the bending direction, the rock layer is broken to the place ahead efflux of drill bit 1 and forms the bending space, and then the steering mechanism makes the drill bit 1 bend to the bending space, and the drill bit 1 can enter the bending space smoothly, so circulation can realize the adjustment of the drilling direction.

With continuing reference to figures 4 and 5, in an embodiment of the present application, the drilling apparatus for shale oil horizontal wells further comprises a rotating mechanism 14, the rotating mechanism 14 is used for driving the cylinder connecting part 10 to rotate around the axis of the drill bit 1, and the cylinder 2 is connected with the cylinder connecting part 10 through the rotating mechanism 14.

Further, the first end of the rotating mechanism 14 is connected with the cylinder connecting part 10, and the second end is connected with the cylinder 2; the rotation mechanism 14 includes a drive motor, an output gear, and a ring gear. An output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the output gear, and the gear ring is meshed with the output gear. The gear ring is connected with the cylinder connecting part 10, and when the driving motor drives the output gear to rotate, the gear ring drives the cylinder connecting part 10 to rotate, and further drives the drill bit 1 to rotate around the axis of the drill bit. Meanwhile, the drill bit 1 is turned by combining a turning mechanism, so that the drill bit 1 can be turned towards any direction, and the drill bit can drill in any direction in a three-dimensional space.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the cylinder 2 is provided with a plurality of propulsion chains 15 which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the propulsion chains 15 are arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder 2. The propulsion chain 15 includes a propulsion motor, a chain body, and a sprocket. The propulsion motor can drive the chain body to rotate circularly. The sprocket is equipped with a plurality ofly, all sets up in the outside of chain body, and the sprocket can insert the well wall of a well. When the chain body rotates circularly, the chain teeth inserted into the well wall of the well can push the cylinder body 2 to advance, and then the whole drilling equipment advances. After the jet nozzle 4 spouts drilling fluid, drilling fluid can break the wall of a well rock stratum for a space appears in the direction of creeping into, and propulsion motor drive chain body rotates this moment, through the drilling wall of a well to the reaction force of sprocket, promotes the drill bit and advances to the space of the direction of creeping into, so circulation, realization continuous controllable creeps into.

In one embodiment of the application, the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well further comprises geosteering measurement equipment, and the geosteering measurement equipment is used for measuring various petrophysical parameters of a well hole penetrating through a stratum by utilizing a data curve obtained by the logging-while-drilling equipment in real time in the drilling process, identifying the drilled stratum in real time by combining the geometric parameters of the well hole, and timely judging the change of the stratum, so that a drill bit is guided to enter a target sweet spot layer, the track of the well hole is kept to penetrate through the sweet spot layer, the drilling rate of a shale oil high-quality reservoir layer is guaranteed, and a basis is provided for geosteering and drilling decisions.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a drilling method for a shale oil horizontal well, which uses the drilling equipment for a shale oil horizontal well of the previous embodiment of the present application; the drilling method comprises the following steps:

and S1, designing a shale oil horizontal well track based on the regional geological information of the area to be explored and the target horizon geological information, wherein the axis of the shale oil horizontal well track is the shale oil horizontal well track.

The designed shale oil horizontal well borehole path is a primarily designed drilling route. During the actual drilling process, the borehole trajectory can be adjusted according to the actual situation, but the actual drilling route is close to the gauged borehole trajectory in whole, so that the actual drilling process is more controllable. The well track comprises a vertical well section, a deflecting well section and a horizontal well section, wherein the horizontal well section is positioned at the bottom of the vertical well section, and the horizontal well section is communicated with the vertical well section through the deflecting well section.

And S2, building drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well, performing drilling construction according to the designed well track, and adjusting the drilling direction in real time.

When the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well is used for drilling, the logging operation is carried out in real time so as to more accurately obtain geological data parameters of a region to be drilled. When the situation that the drilling is not facilitated occurs, the drilling direction is finely adjusted through the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well, so that the drilling operation is completed, and the actual drilling track is basically consistent with the designed borehole track.

In the process of transition from the vertical well section to the horizontal section (i.e. the deflecting well section) and in the drilling process of the horizontal well section, the drilling direction of the drill bit needs to be adjusted so as to realize the accurate adjustment process of the drilling angle. The drill bit drilling angle adjusting process comprises the following steps:

and S2.1, adjusting the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle 4.

When the drilling direction of the drill bit needs to be adjusted, the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle 4 is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, so that the included angle between the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle 4 on the inner side of the bend and the axis of the drill bit 1 is increased. Due to the change of the jet direction of the jet nozzle 4, the rock body of the turned inner well wall is cracked, and a bending space is formed in front of the drill bit 1.

And S2.2, adjusting the drilling direction of the drill bit 1.

When a bending space exists in front of the drill bit 1, the drill bit needs to be bent to enter the bending space without interfering with the well wall. The rotation mechanism 14 rotates so that one of the first and

second bending cylinders

12 and 13 is located on the inner side of the bend and the other is located on the outer side of the bend. The outer side is extended again and the inner side is shortened to bend the drill bit 1 toward the bending space, thereby achieving the adjustment of the drilling direction of the drill bit 1.

Step S2.3, the drill bit 1 is advanced.

The drilling apparatus as a whole is pushed forward by the propulsion chain, so that the drill bit 1 enters the bending space. And (5) circulating the step S2.1, the step S2.2 and the step S2.3 until the adjustment of the drilling angle is finished.

Compared with the prior art, the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well provided by the embodiment adjusts the jet flow direction of the jet flow nozzle through the adjusting mechanism, so that the drill bit can jet flow in a certain direction, a bending space is formed in front of the drill bit, and the drill bit can easily realize the adjustment of the drilling direction; the supply and the pumping drainage of the drilling fluid are realized through a liquid supply pipe and a liquid discharge pipe, and meanwhile, the rock debris generated in the drilling process is timely discharged out of a well hole; the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted through the steering mechanism, so that the drill bit can smoothly enter a bending space generated by jet flow, and the drilling operation is continued; the drill bit is pushed into a bending space formed by jet flow through the pushing chain, so that the drilling efficiency is improved, and the drill bit is prevented from being clamped in a well; in the drilling process, the geological information of the current layer and the geometric parameter information of the well track at the drill bit are collected and transmitted to the ground in real time by the aid of the geosteering measuring equipment, various measured curves are drawn on the ground surface terminal, and real-time and accurate basis is provided for guiding workers and geological analysis. The drilling equipment can realize complex geological conditions or horizontal drilling guidance in a thin reservoir, and is favorable for accurately controlling the track of the well.

Example 2

The invention further discloses a drilling device for a shale oil horizontal well, which is different from the drilling device in the embodiment 1 in that the drilling device for the shale oil horizontal well is provided with a detection part, so that the drilling device has a logging function while drilling, and specifically, the detection part is arranged inside the drainage pipe 6 so as to detect the drilling fluid in the drainage pipe 6 in real time in the drilling process, obtain logging parameters and guide the drilling operation in real time through the logging parameters.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the detection portion includes a detection emitter 17 and a plurality of detection sensors 18, the detection emitter 17 is located on the axis of the discharge pipe 6, and the detection sensors 18 are located on the inner wall of the discharge pipe 6 and are arranged uniformly in the circumferential direction of the discharge pipe 6. When the detection unit detects the discharge pipe 6, the detection transmitter 17 located on the axis of the discharge pipe 6 transmits a test signal in the radial direction of the discharge pipe 6 to the periphery, and the test signal is received by each detection sensor 18. Because the drilling fluid is mixed with rock debris, oil gas and other components, the drilling fluid as a propagation medium can affect the strength and parameters of the test signal, and the test signal parameters detected by the detection sensor 18 can reflect the drilling fluid parameters, so that the logging operation is completed. Since the plurality of detection sensors 18 are provided, the detection result of each detection sensor 18 is averaged, and the obtained parameters can reflect the actual situation more accurately. In addition, the detection sensors 18 are uniformly distributed, so that the accuracy of the detection result can be further improved.

Further, as shown in fig. 6, the detection portion further includes a holder 19, a transmission signal line, and a reception signal line; the bracket 19 includes a mounting portion 19-1 and a supporting portion 19-2; the detection emitter 17 is connected with a mounting part 19-1, and the mounting part 19-1 is positioned on the axis of the liquid discharge pipe 6; one end of the supporting part 19-2 is connected with the mounting part 19-1, and the other end is connected with the inner wall of the liquid discharge pipe 6; the emission signal line is electrically connected with the detection emitter 17; the transmitting signal wire passes through the supporting part 19-2 and penetrates into the inner wall of the liquid discharge pipe 6; the reception signal line is electrically connected to the detection sensor 18; the reception signal line penetrates into the inner wall of the drain pipe 6.

The transmission signal line is used for transmitting a control signal to the detection transmitter 17, and the reception signal line is used for transmitting a detection result of the detection sensor 18. The bracket 19 serves as a mounting carrier for supporting the detection emitter 17. Detection emitter 17 is mounted in mounting portion 19-1, and support portion 19-2 is capable of supporting mounting portion 19-1 so that detection emitter 17 is positioned on the axis of discharge pipe 6. Meanwhile, the transmission signal line is positioned within the support portion 19-2 so that the support portion 19-2 can protect the transmission signal line. Because the test transmitter 17 is located in the mounting portion 19-1 and the transmission signal line is located in the support portion 19-2, the bracket 19 also prevents drilling fluid from contacting the test transmitter 17 and the transmission signal line, protecting the test transmitter 17 and the transmission signal line. The transmitting signal line and the receiving signal line both finally penetrate into the side wall of the liquid discharge pipe 6 and are led out to the ground.

In one embodiment of the present application, the drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well further comprises an information processing apparatus electrically connected to the detection section. The information processing apparatus is electrically connected with the transmission signal line and the reception signal line. The information processing equipment sends out a control signal, the control signal is transmitted to the detection transmitter 17 through a transmitting signal line, the detection transmitter 17 sends out a test signal according to the control signal, the test signal changes parameters after passing through the drilling fluid and is received by the detection sensor 18, the detection sensor 18 generates a detection signal, the detection signal is transmitted to the information processing equipment through a receiving signal line, the information processing equipment calculates and obtains logging parameters according to the detection signal, and the information processing equipment can further control the drilling part according to the logging parameters and adjust the drilling track of the drilling part.

Illustratively, in one embodiment of the present application, the detecting transmitter 17 and the detecting sensor 18 may be electrodes, and the detecting transmitter 17 and the detecting sensor 18 can detect the conductivity of the pumped back drilling fluid containing rock debris in real time through the form of current signals. Because the conductivity of the drilling fluid can be influenced by rock debris particles, drilling fluid components, oil gas content components and the like in the drilling fluid, the conductivity of the drilling fluid is detected in real time through the detection transmitter 17 and the detection sensor 18, the rock stratum currently drilled can be predicted based on the parameters such as the conductivity, the oil gas content and the like, and whether the drilling direction needs to be adjusted or not can be judged according to the parameters.

In another embodiment of the present application, the detection emitter 17 and the detection sensor 18 may be an electromagnetic emitter and an electromagnetic sensor. The detection transmitter 17 and the detection sensor 18 are able to detect the pumped back drilling fluid by means of electromagnetic waves. The relative dielectric constant of the drilling fluid can be influenced by the components such as rock debris particles and oil gas in the drilling fluid, so that electromagnetic waves are influenced, and therefore the detection results of the detection transmitter 17 and the detection sensor 18 can reflect the amount of the rock debris particles and the oil gas in the drilling fluid. When the output quantity of the drilling fluid is unchanged, the drilling power is unchanged, the amount of particles in the drilling fluid can reflect the drilling speed, if the number of the particles is increased, the drilling speed is accelerated, and the drilling position reaches a rock stratum with softer texture, so that the drilling position can be used for judging whether the drilling position reaches a certain rock stratum and judging whether the drilling direction is adjusted as a real-time result of logging operation.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the detection emitter 17 and the detection sensor 18 are not limited to use a single form for detection, and may use multiple forms for composite detection, so that the detection result is richer, and as a real-time result of logging operations, the downhole condition of the drilling position may be reflected more accurately, so as to guide the adjustment of the drilling direction more accurately.

In the embodiment of the present application, the detection emitter 17 and the detection sensor 18 are described as an example of an electromagnetic emitter and an electromagnetic sensor.

Further, the supporting portion 19-2 is provided in plurality; the number of the detection sensors 18 is consistent with that of the support parts 19-2; the support portions 19-2 and the detection sensors 18 are alternately and uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the drain pipe 6. The plurality of supporting parts 19-2 support the mounting part 19-1 at the same time, so that the structure of the mounting part 19-1 is more stable and cannot be influenced by the impact of drilling fluid. Because the number of the detection sensors 18 is equal to that of the support parts 19-2, and the detection sensors and the support parts 19-2 are alternately and uniformly distributed, the interference of the support parts 19-2 to the space between the detection transmitter 17 and the detection sensors 18 can be reduced, so that the change of an electromagnetic field can reflect the condition of impurities in drilling fluid more truly, and the accuracy of logging operation is further improved.

In one embodiment of the present application, mounting portion 19-1 is a streamlined body of revolution; along the drainage direction of the drainage pipe 6, one end of the mounting part 19-1 close to the drill bit 1 is a part of a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface. The mounting portion 19-1 and the support portion 19-2 are located directly within the discharge pipe 6 and are subjected to the impact of drilling fluid. The streamlined mounting portion 19-1 enables drilling fluid to flow smoothly around the mounting portion 19-1 and reduces the effect of the mounting portion 19-1 on the flow of drilling fluid.

Further, the axis of the support portion 19-2 is a part of a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola; support 19-2 includes a first end and a second end; along the axial direction of the liquid discharge pipe 6, the included angle between the first end of the supporting part 19-2 and the axial line of the mounting part 19-1 is an acute angle, and the first end of the supporting part 19-2 inclines towards the direction departing from the drill bit 1; the second end of the support part 19-2 forms an acute angle with the inner wall of the drainage tube 6, and the second end of the support part 19-2 is inclined towards the direction away from the drill bit 1. Since the support 19-2 is part of a line of things, an ellipse or a hyperbola and opens in the direction of the drill bit 1, particles in the drilling fluid do not get stuck in the middle of the support 19-2. In addition, since both ends of the support portion 19-2 are inclined in a direction away from the drill bit 1, particles in the drilling fluid are not caught at both ends of the support portion 19-2. There is no significant effect on the flow of drilling fluid even if the support 19-2 is located within the discharge pipe 6.

In another embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 8, drain 6 further comprises a plurality of drain subducts 16; the number of the liquid discharge sub-pipes 16 is consistent with that of the detection sensors 18; the liquid discharge sub-pipes 16 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the liquid discharge pipe 6; the liquid discharge sub-pipe 16 is located between the adjacent two support portions 19-2. The space in the liquid discharge pipe 6 is separated through the liquid discharge sub-pipe 16, and meanwhile, the supporting part 19-2 is positioned between the liquid discharge sub-pipes 16, so that the installation part 19-1 and the supporting part 19-2 can be prevented from being impacted by drilling fluid, the detection result is more accurate, and the accuracy of logging operation is further improved.

Further, the number of the liquid discharge ports arranged at the end part of the drill bit 1 is multiple; the liquid discharge ports correspond to the liquid discharge sub-pipes 16 one by one; the liquid outlet is a conical opening. Because a plurality of flowing back mouths correspond with flowing back sub-pipe 16, therefore the drilling fluid does not mix after getting into the flowing back mouth, according to the detection parameter of different flowing back sub-pipes 16, can carry out further concrete detection and logging operation to different azimuth angles of circumference in the pit to make the logging result can with the condition in the pit of truly reflecting, and be used for guiding drill bit 1 to turn, change the direction of advancing. The tapered drain facilitates the smooth passage of drilling fluid into the drain sub-tube 16.

Compared with the prior art, the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well provided by the embodiment detects the parameter change of the drilling fluid through the detection emitter and the detection sensor which are arranged in the liquid discharge pipe, so that the state parameters of oil gas and particles in the drilling fluid are obtained, and the real-time logging-while-drilling operation is completed. Support the detection transmitter through the support, and the supporting part of curvilinear figure can prevent that the granule in the drilling fluid from being blocked in the flowing back intraductal by the supporting part, avoids the support to influence the accuracy of logging. The drilling fluid in the liquid discharge pipe is detected through the plurality of detection sensors, and parameter change of the drilling fluid is obtained through an average value, so that the detection result is more accurate.

Example 3

The invention further discloses a shale oil horizontal well track control method, which can be applied to the shale oil horizontal well track control in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:

s101, acquiring geological data of a target stratum and acquiring acquisition data of the geosteering measurement equipment.

Before construction, a borehole track is designed according to regional geological information of a region to be explored and target layer position geological information, drilling construction is carried out according to the designed borehole track, and the axis of the borehole track is the borehole track.

In this embodiment, the geological data includes formation bulk density data, formation pressure, pore pressure, formation pore pressure gradient value, formation rock pressure gradient value, longitudinal formation structure of the formation in the target region, burial depth of each layer, formation inclination, dip angle, lithology, and planar development range, and particularly, data information of a target layer (i.e., a sweet spot layer) and its overlying formation, thickness of an underlying formation, burial depth of a top and bottom plate, lithology, inclination, dip angle, planar development range, and the like is to be obtained. The acquired data comprises transverse wave time difference data and longitudinal wave time difference data.

In the drilling process, the geosteering measurement equipment can collect transverse wave time difference data and longitudinal wave time difference data, can also collect partial geological data of a current layer and geometric parameter information of a well track at a drill bit in real time, and transmits the data to a ground surface terminal in real time, and various measured curves are drawn on the ground surface terminal, so that a real-time and accurate basis is provided for guiding workers and geological analysis.

The geosteering measurement equipment can acquire partial geological data of a current horizon in real time, wherein the partial geological data at the current horizon at least comprises rock physical parameters, the current depth of a drill bit and other data; because the borehole trajectory is a space curve, the space curve can be formed by a plurality of continuous well section straight line segments, and the geometrical parameters of the borehole trajectory at the drill bit comprise the well depth, the well inclination angle and the well inclination azimuth angle.

In an optional embodiment, the geological data can also be obtained in advance through the existing geological data, early drilling or geophysical prospecting, core testing and the like, and part of the geological data obtained in advance can be input into a database of the earth surface terminal; during drilling, the geosteering measuring equipment acquires the rock physical parameter data of the current layer, the transverse wave time difference data and the longitudinal wave time difference data in real time, and the earth surface terminal comprehensively considers the acquired data acquired by the geosteering measuring equipment in real time, the geological data (rock physical parameter data) of the front layer acquired by the geosteering measuring equipment in real time and the geological data acquired in advance when drawing various measured curves, so that the drawing error caused by data deviation can be reduced, and the control precision of the well track is ensured.

In an optional embodiment of the embodiment, the geosteering measurement device can adopt a near-bit natural gamma tool for measurement, can directly measure natural gamma and borehole trajectory parameters at the bit, realize more accurate and timely bed blocking, guide to adjust the borehole trajectory, ensure that the bit always passes through a target dessert layer, and improve the drilling rate of a reservoir.

And S102, determining the rock elasticity and rock strength of the current stratum according to the geological data and the collected data.

In this embodiment, step S102 includes step S1021 to step S1024, and the steps are as follows:

s1021, determining a transverse compression coefficient of the current stratum according to the transverse wave time difference data and the longitudinal wave time difference data; in this embodiment, the calculation formula of the lateral compression coefficient is:

wherein, POIS is transverse compression coefficient, DTS is transverse wave time difference, and the unit is microsecond per meter (mu s/m); DTC is the longitudinal wave time difference in microseconds per meter (μ s/m).

S1022, determining a fracture index according to the transverse compression coefficient, determining a rock fracture pressure value according to the transverse compression coefficient, the formation pressure and the pore pressure, and determining a rock fracture pressure gradient according to the transverse compression coefficient, the formation pore pressure gradient value and the formation rock pressure gradient value.

In this embodiment, the crack index is calculated by the following formula:

wherein, FI is the crack index. In common rocks, FI increases as POIS increases. In a sense, FI may be used to indicate the degree of development of a rock fracture. In hard formations, the larger the POIS and FI, the more developed the fracture, and the easier the formation is to fracture.

In this embodiment, the rock burst pressure value is calculated by the formula:

wherein FP is the cracking pressure value of the rock, alpha is the effective pressure coefficient, and the unit is dimensionless; p_OFormation pressure in megapascals (MPa); p_PPore pressure is reported in Mega pascals (MPa).

In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the rock fracture pressure gradient is:

wherein FPG is rock fracture pressure gradient G_dIs the value of the gradient of the formation pore pressure, G_bIs the formation rock pressure gradient value.

And S1023, determining the bulk modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus of elasticity of the current stratum according to the stratum bulk density data, the shear wave time difference data and the longitudinal wave time difference data, and determining the Schlumberger ratio according to the bulk modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus of elasticity.

In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the bulk modulus is:

wherein BMOD is the bulk modulus of elasticity, ρ_bIs the volume density data of the stratum with the unit of gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm)³)；

The shear modulus of elasticity is calculated by the formula:

wherein SMOD is shear elastic modulus;

the formula for calculating the Scombel ratio is:

R＝BMOD*SMOD

wherein R is a Scomber ratio. Obviously, when R is large, the strength of the rock is large, the stability is good, and the rock is not easy to deform; otherwise, it is easy to deform. When oil extraction is carried out under the same pressure, the rock with large R is relatively stable and is not easy to deform and produce sand.

And S1024, determining the elasticity of the rock according to the Scombel ratio and the rock fracture pressure gradient, and determining the strength of the rock according to the crack index and the rock fracture pressure value.

In particular, the rock elasticity can be calculated from the product of the storybolt ratio and the rock fracture pressure gradient, while the rock strength can be calculated from the product of the fracture index and the rock fracture pressure value.

S103, determining the risk index of the current stratum collapse according to the rock elasticity and the rock strength, wherein the risk index of the current stratum collapse can be calculated by the product of the rock elasticity and the rock strength.

And S104, acquiring the current well section position of the stratum and the geometric parameter information of the well track at the drill bit according to the information acquired by the geosteering measurement equipment.

During the drilling process, the geosteering measurement equipment collects and transmits the current interval position of the stratum, the current stratum geological information and the geometric parameter information of the borehole track at the drill bit to the ground in real time, and draws various measured curves on the earth surface terminal, thereby providing real-time and accurate basis for the pilot workers and the geological analysis.

In this embodiment, the interval locations include a sidetrack interval and an open-hole interval, wherein the open-hole interval includes an offset-wellbore interval, a vertical well and directional interval, and a horizontal interval. It is also understood that the entire well is generally comprised of a vertical well section, a deviated well section and a horizontal well section, wherein the vertical well section includes a sidetracking well section, a deviated wellbore well section and a vertical well section, and the deviated well section is a directional well section.

And S105, when the risk index is larger than the preset value, adjusting the drilling direction of the drill bit according to the current well section position of the stratum and the geometric parameters of the well track at the drill bit, so that the drill bit drills according to the designed well track.

Specifically, in step S105, the drilling direction of the drill is adjusted in accordance with the operation steps of the drill drilling angle adjustment process in embodiment 1.

The information of the well inclination angle and the well inclination azimuth angle of the well section where the drill bit is located can reflect the drilling direction of the drill bit, and the distance between the drill bit and the top plate and the bottom plate of a target layer can be determined according to the top and bottom plate depths of various layers, particularly the target layer, and the position information of the drill bit in the target layer, so that the drilling direction of the drill bit is timely adjusted by further combining the risk index of collapse of the current stratum, the drill bit drills in the target layer according to the designed borehole track, and the drilling rate of a shale oil high-quality reservoir is ensured.

In the first aspect of this embodiment, when the well section position is a sidetrack well section, the drilling is performed vertically and downwardly as a whole, when the risk index is greater than a preset value, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to the well section position and a designed well section shape, and specifically, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to a current well section position of a formation and a geometric parameter of a well track at the drill bit, where the construction process includes: the method comprises the following steps of controlling and adjusting a preset angle of a directional tool face, pulling a well wall up and down for 30 minutes to form a key groove, controlling the drilling time rate to be 20-30 minutes/meter, and controlling a drill bit to perform directional drilling, wherein the method specifically comprises the following process parameters:

drilling tool combination: the phi 311.15mmPDC + phi 216mm1.25 single-bending single-centralizing screw rod is multiplied by 1 + phi 202mm nonmagnetic drill collar is multiplied by 2 + phi 127mm weighted drill rod is multiplied by 30+ phi 127mm drill rod.

Drilling parameters are as follows: the drilling pressure is 10-30 kN, the pump pressure is 16MPa, and the discharge capacity is 52-56L/s.

The main measures are as follows: 1. after the plug was cleared, the orientation tool face was controlled to about 200, 0 degrees turn-back. 2. And pulling the well wall up and down for 30 min. 3. Controlling the drilling time to be 20-30min/m, and performing directional drilling. 4. During the time-controlled drilling, the pump is not lifted and stopped, the hole is not scratched, and the drill is lifted to an emptying point after emptying occurs, so that the drill is sidetracked newly. 5. And determining whether the sidetracking is successful according to the sand return condition.

In the second aspect of this embodiment, when the well section position is a well section deviated from an old borehole, drilling is performed vertically and downwardly as a whole, and when the risk index is greater than a preset value, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to the well section position and a designed well section shape, specifically, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to a current well section position of a formation and a geometric parameter of a borehole trajectory at the drill bit, and the construction process includes: determining the in-and-out position of a drill bit, controlling the drilling rate of the drill bit to be reduced to a preset rate, controlling the drill bit to perform directional drilling until the drill bit is lifted to an emptying point for sidetracking after emptying, and specifically comprising the following process parameters:

Drilling parameters are as follows: the drilling pressure is 10kN, the pump pressure is 12-16 MPa, and the discharge capacity is 52-56L/s.

The main measures are as follows: 1. the drilling tool is carefully operated at the position of entering and exiting the sidetrack, the drilling tool needs to be put more and more in the drilling process, and the drilling tool needs to be put more and less in the drilling process. 2. The well drilling construction strengthens the observation and operates slowly. 3. During the time-controlled drilling, the pump is not lifted and stopped, the hole is not scratched, and the drill is lifted to an emptying point after emptying occurs, so that the drill is sidetracked newly.

In a third aspect of this embodiment, when the well location is a vertical well and a directional well, and the risk index is greater than a preset value, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to the well location and a designed well shape, specifically, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to a current well location of a formation and a geometric parameter of a borehole trajectory at the drill bit, and the construction process includes: determining the distance between the initial position of the drill bit and the position of an old hole in a well section, controlling the drilling resistance value of the drill bit not to exceed 50kN, determining the drilling time of the drill bit, and controlling the drill bit to perform directional drilling, wherein the method specifically comprises the following process parameters:

Drilling parameters are as follows: the drilling pressure is 80-140kN, the rotating speed is 50-70 r/min, the pump pressure is 21-27MPa, and the discharge capacity is 52-58L/s.

The main measures are as follows: 1. and (4) the straight well section is prevented from being obliquely hit and straightened, the well section is lightly pressed to be hung or oriented when necessary, and the distance between the well section and the old eye is calculated so as to prevent collision. 2. The MWD is used for the two-hole directional interval to ensure wellbore trajectory control. Three-throw uses MWD + azimuthal gamma to ensure lithology resolution and landing. 3. Each trip, the drill tool is slowly passed through the casing. When the resistance block cannot exceed 50kN, the drilling tool is lifted downwards when the drilling tool is stopped, the drilling tool is slowly lifted upwards when the drilling tool is lifted when the resistance block is started, and the forced pressing and lifting are forbidden. 4. And selecting a proper drill bit to improve the drilling speed of the directional section. And selecting the drill bit model suitable for the stratum to drill through analysis, and determining reasonable drilling parameters and service time. 5. The drilling tool combination and the drilling parameters are optimized, the principle of less sliding and more rotating is adhered to during directional construction, the formed well track is as smooth and smooth as possible, and the purpose of reducing friction resistance and torque is achieved. 6. The drilling fluid has good performance, improves the fluidity, the lubricity and the collapse resistance, avoids borehole collapse and hole shrinkage, and effectively reduces the friction resistance of the drilling tool. 7. The management of the drilling tool is enhanced, the drilling tool is required to be inspected seriously, the flaw detection is carried out regularly, the drilling tool is replaced and the wrong buckling inspection is carried out, so that the drilling tool accident is prevented. 8. Well head dropouts are strictly prevented. The drilling fluid should have good suspension and dispersion ability to prevent hard sticking. 9. Strengthening short tripping, and carrying out short tripping and sand removal on the deflecting well section according to the abrasion resistance condition, if the abrasion resistance is increased in drilling, the deflecting well section needs to be tripped down in time, each time the deflecting well section is tripped down in a short time, the deflecting well section must be tripped up above a deflecting point, and the short tripping period is recorded.

In a fourth aspect of this embodiment, when the well section position is a horizontal well section, and when the risk index is greater than a preset value, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to the well section position and a designed well section shape, specifically, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted according to a current well section position of a formation and a geometric parameter of a borehole trajectory at the drill bit, and the construction process includes: determining the well deviation and the azimuth position of a well bore, controlling the return speed value of drilling fluid, determining the stationary time of a drill bit in a well section, and controlling the drill bit to perform directional drilling, wherein the method specifically comprises the following process parameters:

drilling tool combination: phi 215.9mmPDC + near bit gamma + phi 172mm screw (single bend 1-1.25 degree), phi 208mm centralizer, phi 165mm non-magnetic drill collar multiplied by 1 + directional instrument, phi 127mm weighted drill rod multiplied by 3 + phi 127mm drill rod.

Drilling parameters are as follows: the drilling pressure is 40-120 kN, the rotating speed is 50-70 r/min, the pumping pressure is 20-22 Mpa, and the discharge capacity is 28-32L/s.

The main measures are as follows: 1. the wireless while-drilling instrument is used for tracking and monitoring the well section, well deviation and direction of the well bore are mastered in time, and the coincidence between actual drilling and a designed track is ensured. 2. When the MWD + gamma instrument and the screw drill are put into the well, the inspection and the test are required to be done at the well mouth, so that the condition that the MWD + gamma instrument and the screw drill cannot work normally after entering the well is avoided. The screw cannot be used too old in use, and a margin is left for backreaming during drilling. 3. The discharge capacity is ensured in the construction process of the horizontal well section, and the return speed of the drilling fluid in the annular space is ensured, so that the well hole cleaning efficiency is improved, and the rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid is enhanced. 4. The static time of the drilling tool in the well is strictly controlled, the static time of the drilling tool does not exceed 3min, the amplitude is large when the drilling tool is moved, and the bottom hole drilling tool is ensured to move. 5. The drilling speed is slow, hard braking, hard lifting and hard releasing are strictly forbidden, and the power drilling tool is strictly forbidden to cut the hole for a long time; when the pump needs to be started in the midway of drilling, the pump is started at a small discharge capacity until the drilling fluid returns from the wellhead. 6. The use and maintenance of solid control equipment are enhanced, harmful solid phases are strictly controlled, and the drilling fluid is kept to have good rheological property. Adding proper amount of lubricant to control the friction coefficient of mud cake in the designed range. 7. And (3) strengthening short tripping, and clearing sand once per 50-100 m of drilling, if the friction resistance is increased during drilling, timely and short tripping is required, the short tripping must be started above a deflecting point every time, and the short tripping period is recorded, so that reliable guiding data is provided for the next well completion process. 8. The production layer may have well leakage and blowout, and the well setting is strengthened to prevent the blowout accident.

In the actual drilling process, when the drill bit approaches the top plate and the bottom plate of the target layer in the drilling process, or the drill bit drills out the top plate and the bottom plate of the target layer and enters a mud rock layer, collapse is easy to occur. By using the borehole trajectory control method of the embodiment, drilling in a target layer with high hardness is realized, the borehole trajectory of drilling can be accurately controlled, drilling can be performed in a target reservoir layer with the thickness of 1-3m or even thinner, and the method has wide application prospect on continental shale oil with thin reservoir layer and complex stratum inclination angle change.

Compared with the prior art, the borehole trajectory control method provided by the embodiment adds a ground stress parameter measurement and analysis means in the geological guiding, monitors the stress state of the well bottom in real time, and provides accurate basis for the adjustment of drilling engineering parameters and drilling fluid parameters, thereby reducing the complex situation of the drilling engineering, improving the drilling efficiency and the drilling rate, and being beneficial to ensuring the realization of the target of 'drilling once'. The method specifically comprises the steps of determining rock elasticity and rock strength of a current stratum through geological data and data acquired by geosteering measuring equipment, calculating a risk index of collapse of the current stratum, and timely adjusting the drilling direction of a drill bit according to the current well section position, so that the technical problem that in the prior art, the influence of the rock elasticity and strength of the stratum on the drill bit is not considered in the process of controlling the drill bit track by using information obtained by the measuring equipment, the accuracy of the drilling track trend is directly influenced is solved, the accuracy of the horizontal well track is ensured, and the drilling rate of shale oil high-quality reservoirs is improved.

Example 4

In the drilling process of the horizontal well, the space of the well track between the top plate and the bottom plate is controlled by combining the space spread characteristics of the target dessert layer, so that the drill bit drills along the middle of the target dessert layer all the time and does not drill through the top plate and the bottom plate of the dessert layer. Due to the fact that the same stratum development time and development conditions are similar, under most conditions, the top plate and the bottom plate of the shale oil target dessert layer are integrally planar or approximately planar, and therefore the method can be used for establishing a space rectangular coordinate system and monitoring the position of a drill bit in the space rectangular coordinate system in real time to achieve accurate control of a well track.

The invention further discloses a drilling device for a shale oil horizontal well, which comprises a positioner and a ground control system on the basis of the embodiment 1; the ground control system can establish a space rectangular coordinate system in the region to be explored, and points of a plane/approximate plane/curved surface where a top plate and a bottom plate of a target dessert layer are located are projected into the space rectangular coordinate system; the drill bit is provided with a tracking positioner, and the positioner can acquire real-time position coordinates in a space rectangular coordinate system of the drill bit 1 and send position information of the drill bit 1. The ground control system receives the position information of the drill bit 1 sent by the positioner, and adjusts the drilling direction of the drill bit 1 according to the position information of the drill bit 1, so that the drill bit can be accurately controlled to drill between the top plate and the bottom plate of the dessert layer according to the designed well track.

An embodiment of the present application also provides another drilling method for a shale oil horizontal well, using the drilling equipment for a shale oil horizontal well of the present embodiment, the drilling method including the steps of:

acquiring space spread information of a target dessert layer in an exploration area by means of drilling, geophysical prospecting, earthquake and the like in advance, and constructing a space rectangular coordinate system in a target exploitation area range by taking a ground drilling hole as an origin of coordinates to obtain a space coordinate set of a top plate and a bottom plate of the dessert layer in a target exploitation area;

obtaining a data set of the thickness of the dessert layer and the depths of the top plate and the bottom plate and the dip angle and the steep dip position according to the space coordinate information of the top plate and the bottom plate of the dessert layer, calibrating the thinning and steep dip development positions of the dessert layer according to the thickness change condition of the dessert layer, and extracting a coordinate set of a sudden change boundary line of the top plate and the bottom plate of the dessert layer; the method comprises the steps that a three-dimensional coordinate system is built in a target mining area range, and the spatial distribution characteristics of a target dessert layer are obtained in detail;

according to the space coordinate set of the top plate and the bottom plate of the target sweet-spot layer and the space position coordinates of the drill bit obtained by the positioner in real time, the drilling direction of the drill bit is adjusted in real time in the drilling process so as to control the drilling track coordinates of the drill bit to be always positioned in the coordinate set limited by the space coordinates of the top plate and the bottom plate of the target sweet-spot layer, namely the drill bit drills in the designed borehole track of the target sweet-spot layer.

In an optional embodiment, when the spatial coordinate sets of the top plate and the bottom plate of the target dessert layer are obtained, a gridding mode is adopted to perform gridding on the plane where the top plate of the target dessert layer is located and the plane where the bottom plate of the target mining area is located, so as to obtain the center coordinate of each grid, and thus the spatial coordinate sets of the top plate and the bottom plate of the target dessert layer and the inclination angle data of the top plate and the bottom plate are obtained.

In one optional embodiment, the drilling equipment can be further provided with a controller and a database system, wherein the controller can control the steering mechanism to adjust the drilling direction of the drill bit; the database system is used for collecting and storing target dessert layer space spread characteristic data, and the dessert layer space spread characteristic data comprises a space coordinate set of a top plate and a bottom plate, a dessert layer top and bottom plate inclination angle data set, a coordinate set of a dessert layer top and bottom plate abrupt change boundary line and a real-time position coordinate of a drill bit in a three-dimensional space rectangular coordinate system; the database also stores in advance the safe distance of the drill bit from the top floor of the dessert layer. The database system can compare the position of drill bit spatial position coordinate in target sweet spot layer three-dimensional space rectangular coordinate system in real time, and when will bore sweet spot layer roof or bottom plate promptly, perhaps creeps into to the steeply inclined development position time, the controller can avoid boring the roof or the bottom plate on sweet spot layer according to the drilling rate, through the direction of creeping of control steering mechanism adjustment drill bit, guarantees that the drill bit creeps into at the middle part on sweet spot layer all the time to realize accurate horizontal well orbit control.

Compared with the prior art, the drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well provided by the embodiment provides data support for accurate control of a horizontal drilling well track by setting the positioner and the ground control system, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system and monitoring the position of the drill bit in the space rectangular coordinate system in real time, so that the drill bit is ensured to be always positioned in a sweet spot layer for drilling, and the construction effect is ensured.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Drilling apparatus for shale oil horizontal wells, comprising:

the barrel, inside feed pipe and the fluid-discharge tube of being equipped with, the feed pipe is used for to the jet nozzle provides drilling fluid, the fluid-discharge tube is used for sucking the drilling fluid of jet nozzle blowout.

2. The drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end cover is a convex rotator, and a plurality of jet nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the end cover.

3. Drilling apparatus for shale oil horizontal wells as claimed in claim 2 wherein said adjustment mechanism comprises a telescoping cylinder and a connecting rod; the adjusting mechanisms correspond to the jet flow nozzles one to one;

the jet nozzle is hinged with the end cover; one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the jet nozzle; the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the telescopic cylinder.

4. Drilling apparatus for shale oil horizontal wells as claimed in claim 3 wherein said jet nozzle comprises a jet pipe having a bore diameter that gradually decreases in a jet direction; the jet pipe is communicated with the liquid supply pipe.

5. The drilling equipment for the shale oil horizontal well as claimed in claim 2, wherein a liquid extraction port is arranged in the middle of the end cover, and the liquid extraction port is communicated with the liquid discharge pipe.

6. Drilling apparatus for shale oil horizontal wells according to any of claims 1 to 5 wherein a flexible seal is provided between said opening and said jet nozzle.

7. Drilling equipment for shale oil horizontal wells as claimed in claim 6 wherein said supply pipe and said drain pipe are coaxial casings; the coaxial sleeve comprises an inner tube and an outer tube; the inner pipe is the liquid discharge pipe, and the outer pipe is the liquid supply pipe;

and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the pipe wall of the inner pipe and is a one-way valve for the outer pipe to flow to the inner pipe.

8. The drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well according to claim 7, further comprising a steering mechanism, the steering mechanism comprising a bit connection, a barrel connection and a steering connection; the cylinder body is connected with the cylinder body connecting part;

the steering connecting part comprises a shaft body, a first bending cylinder and a second bending cylinder; the drill bit connecting part is hinged with the barrel connecting part through the shaft body;

the shaft body is perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit; the pistons of the first bending cylinder and the second bending cylinder are hinged with the drill bit connecting part; the cylinder bodies of the first bending cylinder and the second bending cylinder are hinged to the cylinder body connecting part.

9. Drilling equipment for shale oil horizontal wells according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the barrel is provided with a plurality of propulsion chains which are circumferentially equispaced and arranged in the axial direction of the barrel.

10. A method of drilling a shale oil horizontal well, characterized in that a drilling apparatus for a shale oil horizontal well according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.