CN113355596B - Alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering treatment process - Google Patents
Alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113355596B CN113355596B CN202110561221.6A CN202110561221A CN113355596B CN 113355596 B CN113355596 B CN 113355596B CN 202110561221 A CN202110561221 A CN 202110561221A CN 113355596 B CN113355596 B CN 113355596B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001029 Hf alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005279 austempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering process which is characterized in that the alloy steel forging circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.40～0.45％,Si＝0.20～0.35％,Mn＝0.6～0.8％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.4～0.6％,Ni＝0.6～0.9％,Mo＝0.1～0.3％,Hf-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Zr-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Be＝0.02～0.04％,Gd＝0.01～0.03％, in percentage by mass and the balance of iron; the preparation method comprises the following steps of S1, performing open flame heating treatment before forging; s2, forging; and S3, heat treatment. The alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process provided by the invention is simple, convenient to operate and control and low in energy consumption; the alloy steel forged round surface treated by the quenching and tempering process is smooth and defect-free, the finished product qualification rate is high, the mechanical property is better, and the comprehensive performance is more excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy steel forging round processing and manufacturing, in particular to an alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process.
Background
Alloy steel, especially alloy steel with good comprehensive mechanical properties, is one of the raw materials urgently needed in equipment manufacturing industry production, and is widely applied to climbing gears of large port cranes, offshore large floating vessels and offshore oil drilling platforms, slurry valve blocks for oil exploitation equipment, various heavy-duty transmission shafts and the like. The development of alloy steel with excellent comprehensive performance is a necessary way for meeting different requirements and improving the use safety.
The quenching and tempering process is an indispensable process in the preparation process of the alloy steel, and can greatly adjust the performance and the material quality of the steel, and the quenched and tempered steel has better strength, plasticity and toughness and good comprehensive mechanical property, so that the quenching and tempering process is widely applied to the heat treatment of the steel. As one of common alloy steel materials, it is necessary to conduct tempering treatment in order to improve the comprehensive properties of the alloy steel. However, the existing alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process often has the defects of complex process, long production period and high energy consumption, and the surface defect of the manufactured forging round forging piece is extremely easy to crack, so that the material is scrapped or lost.
The Chinese patent document CN 109385510B discloses a large-diameter forged round black skin tempering process of Cr-Ni-Mo crack sensitive steel, belongs to the technical field of metal heat treatment, and aims to solve the problems that the Cr-Ni-Mo crack sensitive steel is easy to crack and the product is scrapped when subjected to tempering, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following process steps: heat treatment before forging; forging: forging the steel ingot treated in the first step by using hot-zone equipment until the steel ingot is forged into a cylinder; at the same time of forging, oxide skin on the surface of the steel ingot is removed by using oxide skin cleaning equipment to obtain a forging piece; slowly cooling after forging: slowly cooling the forge piece in a slow cooling pit until the temperature of the forge piece is less than or equal to 150 ℃; quenching: quenching the forging subjected to the third step by using quenching oil, wherein the temperature of the quenching oil is 60-80 ℃ and the quenching time is 10-30min; tempering: heating the forging subjected to quenching treatment in the step four to 500-650 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5-3.0 hours, and then naturally cooling. The invention has the advantages of high yield, short treatment period and low energy consumption. However, the quenching oil is adopted for quenching, and the quenching oil can age after long-term use, and needs to be replaced regularly, so that the cost is high; oil smoke can be generated to pollute the air during quenching, which is not beneficial to the health of environmental protection hafnium operators; is easy to catch fire and has great potential safety hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process which is simple in process, convenient to operate and control and low in energy consumption; the alloy steel forged round surface treated by the quenching and tempering process is smooth and defect-free, the finished product qualification rate is high, the mechanical property is better, and the comprehensive performance is more excellent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering process is characterized in that the alloy steel forging circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.40～0.45％,Si＝0.20～0.35％,Mn＝0.6～0.8％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.4～0.6％,Ni＝0.6～0.9％,Mo＝0.1～0.3％,Hf-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Zr-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Be＝0.02～0.04％,Gd＝0.01～0.03％, in percentage by mass and the balance of iron.
Preferably, the Hf-Fe is an intermediate of Hf and Fe alloy, wherein the mass ratio of Hf to Fe is (2-4): 1.
Preferably, the Zr-Fe is a Zr-Fe alloy intermediate, wherein the mass ratio of Zr to Fe is (3-5): 2.
The alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1, open flame heating treatment before forging: adding the steel ingot into the steel ingot according to five sections of open fire, heating the steel ingot for one section of time at 350-400 ℃ for 2-3 minutes; heating for 1-2 min at 450-550 deg.c; heating for three sections at 600-700 ℃ for 2-4 minutes; heating for four sections at 800-900 ℃ for 1-3 minutes; heating for five sections at 1000-1200 deg.c for 1-2 hr;
step S2, forging: forging by adopting a hydraulic air hammer or a quick forging hydraulic press;
Step S3, heat treatment: normalizing, quenching and annealing are sequentially carried out on the manufactured alloy steel forged circle.
Preferably, the forging pressure ratio of the forging in the step S2 is 6-10, the soaking temperature is 1150-1180, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, the soaking time is 3-5 hours, the forging temperature is 1100-1140 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-980 ℃, and the upsetting times are more than or equal to 3 times.
Preferably, the normalizing temperature in the step S3 is 550-650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-30 minutes.
Preferably, the quenching in step S3 is step austempering, specifically: firstly, preserving heat at 850-900 ℃ for 30-50min, then immediately transferring into a 550-600 ℃ furnace for preserving heat for 30-40min, and then cooling to room temperature at an average cooling speed of 35-40 ℃/sec.
Preferably, the quenching in step S3 is any one of water quenching and air quenching.
Preferably, the annealing temperature in the step S3 is 520-570 ℃ and the annealing time is 1-2 hours.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an alloy steel forged circle manufactured according to the alloy steel forged circle tempering process.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides an alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process, which is simple in treatment process, convenient to operate and control and low in energy consumption; the alloy steel forged round surface treated by the quenching and tempering process is smooth and defect-free, the finished product qualification rate is high, the mechanical property is better, and the comprehensive performance is more excellent.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be provided in connection with.
The alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering process is characterized in that the alloy steel forging circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.40～0.45％,Si＝0.20～0.35％,Mn＝0.6～0.8％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.4～0.6％,Ni＝0.6～0.9％,Mo＝0.1～0.3％,Hf-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Zr-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Be＝0.02～0.04％,Gd＝0.01～0.03％, in percentage by mass and the balance of iron.
Preferably, the Hf-Fe is an intermediate of Hf and Fe alloy, wherein the mass ratio of Hf to Fe is (2-4): 1.
Preferably, the Zr-Fe is a Zr-Fe alloy intermediate, wherein the mass ratio of Zr to Fe is (3-5): 2.
The alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1, open flame heating treatment before forging: adding the steel ingot into the steel ingot according to five sections of open fire, heating the steel ingot for one section of time at 350-400 ℃ for 2-3 minutes; heating for 1-2 min at 450-550 deg.c; heating for three sections at 600-700 ℃ for 2-4 minutes; heating for four sections at 800-900 ℃ for 1-3 minutes; heating for five sections at 1000-1200 deg.c for 1-2 hr;
step S2, forging: forging by adopting a hydraulic air hammer or a quick forging hydraulic press;
Step S3, heat treatment: normalizing, quenching and annealing are sequentially carried out on the manufactured alloy steel forged circle.
Preferably, the forging pressure ratio of the forging in the step S2 is 6-10, the soaking temperature is 1150-1180, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, the soaking time is 3-5 hours, the forging temperature is 1100-1140 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-980 ℃, and the upsetting times are more than or equal to 3 times.
Preferably, the normalizing temperature in the step S3 is 550-650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-30 minutes.
Preferably, the quenching in step S3 is step austempering, specifically: firstly, preserving heat at 850-900 ℃ for 30-50min, then immediately transferring into a 550-600 ℃ furnace for preserving heat for 30-40min, and then cooling to room temperature at an average cooling speed of 35-40 ℃/sec.
Preferably, the quenching in step S3 is any one of water quenching and air quenching.
Preferably, the annealing temperature in the step S3 is 520-570 ℃ and the annealing time is 1-2 hours.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an alloy steel forged circle manufactured according to the alloy steel forged circle tempering process.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention provides an alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process, which is simple in treatment process, convenient to operate and control and low in energy consumption; the alloy steel forged round surface treated by the quenching and tempering process is smooth and defect-free, the finished product qualification rate is high, the mechanical property is better, and the comprehensive performance is more excellent.
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
The example provides an alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering process which is characterized in that the alloy steel forging circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.40％,Si＝0.20％,Mn＝0.6％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.4％,Ni＝0.6％,Mo＝0.1％,Hf-Fe＝0.01％,Zr-Fe＝0.01％,Be＝0.02％,Gd＝0.01％, in percentage by mass and the balance of iron.
The Hf-Fe is an intermediate of Hf and Fe alloy, wherein the mass ratio of Hf to Fe is 2:1; the Zr-Fe is a Zr-Fe alloy intermediate, wherein the mass ratio of Zr to Fe is 3:2.
The alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1, open flame heating treatment before forging: adding the steel ingot according to five sections of open fire, heating for one section at 350 ℃ for 2 minutes; heating for 1 minute at 450 ℃ for two periods; heating for 2 min at 600 deg.C for three periods; heating for 1 minute at 800 ℃ for four sections; heating for five sections at 1000 ℃ for 1 hour;
step S2, forging: forging by adopting a hydraulic air hammer or a quick forging hydraulic press;
Step S3, heat treatment: normalizing, quenching and annealing are sequentially carried out on the manufactured alloy steel forged circle.
The forging pressure ratio of the forging in the step S2 is 6, the soaking temperature is 1150, the heating speed is less than or equal to 100 ℃/hour, the soaking time is 3 hours, the forging starting temperature is 1100 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900 ℃, and the upsetting times are more than or equal to 3 times.
And in the step S3, the normalizing temperature is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 minutes.
The quenching in the step S3 is step isothermal quenching, and specifically comprises the following steps: first, the temperature is kept at 850 ℃ for 30min, then the mixture is immediately transferred into a 550 ℃ furnace for 30min, and then the mixture is cooled to the room temperature at an average cooling speed of 35 ℃/sec.
And step S3, quenching is water quenching.
The annealing temperature in the step S3 is 520 ℃ and the annealing time is 1 hour.
An alloy steel forged circle manufactured according to the alloy steel forged circle quenching and tempering process.
Example 2
The present example provides an alloy steel forged circle tempering process, which is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the alloy steel forged circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.42％,Si＝0.25％,Mn＝0.65％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.45％,Ni＝0.7％,Mo＝0.15％,Hf-Fe＝0.015％,Zr-Fe＝0.015％,Be＝0.025％,Gd＝0.015％, in mass percent and the balance is iron; the quenching in the step S3 is step isothermal quenching, and specifically comprises the following steps: first at 860 ℃ for 35min, then immediately transferred to a 570 ℃ oven for 32min, then cooled to room temperature at an average cooling rate of 36 ℃/sec.
Example 3
The present example provides an alloy steel forged circle tempering process, which is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the alloy steel forged circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.43％,Si＝0.28％,Mn＝0.7％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.5％,Ni＝0.75％,Mo＝0.2％,Hf-Fe＝0.02％,Zr-Fe＝0.02％,Be＝0.03％,Gd＝0.02％, in mass percent and the balance is iron; the quenching in the step S3 is step isothermal quenching, and specifically comprises the following steps: first at 870 ℃ for 40min, then immediately transferred to a 570 ℃ furnace for 35min, and then cooled to room temperature at an average cooling rate of 38 ℃/sec.
Example 4
The present example provides an alloy steel forged circle tempering process, which is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the alloy steel forged circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.44％,Si＝0.33％,Mn＝0.75％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.55％,Ni＝0.85％,Mo＝0.25％,Hf-Fe＝0.025％,Zr-Fe＝0.025％,Be＝0.035％,Gd＝0.025％, in mass percent and the balance is iron; the quenching in the step S3 is step isothermal quenching, and specifically comprises the following steps: first, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃ for 46min, then the mixture is immediately transferred into a 590 ℃ furnace for 38min, and then the mixture is cooled to the room temperature at an average cooling speed of 39 ℃/sec.
Example 5
The present example provides an alloy steel forged circle tempering process, which is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the alloy steel forged circle comprises the following chemical components ：C＝0.45％,Si＝0.35％,Mn＝0.8％,P≤0.01％,S≤0.01％,Cr＝0.6％,Ni＝0.9％,Mo＝0.3％,Hf-Fe＝0.03％,Zr-Fe＝0.03％,Be＝0.04％,Gd＝0.03％, in mass percent and the balance is iron; the quenching in the step S3 is step isothermal quenching, and specifically comprises the following steps: first at 900 ℃ for 50min, then immediately transferred to a 600 ℃ oven for 40min, then cooled to room temperature at an average cooling rate of 40 ℃/sec.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a forging round quenching and tempering process of alloy steel, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that Hf-Fe and Be are not added; the heat treatment does not include an annealing treatment.
Comparative example 2
The formula and the preparation method of the alloy steel forging round quenching and tempering process are basically the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that Zr-Fe and Gd are not added; the quenching in step S3 is replaced by heating to 850 ℃ and then cooling to room temperature at an average cooling rate of 33 ℃/sec.
To further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the products of the embodiments of the present application, the alloy steel forging circles produced by the embodiments were subjected to the relevant performance test, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Project | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) |
| Example 1 | 1020 | 816 |
| Example 2 | 1032 | 822 |
| Example 3 | 1040 | 830 |
| Example 4 | 1046 | 836 |
| Example 5 | 1051 | 841 |
| Comparative example 1 | 776 | 756 |
| Comparative example 2 | 793 | 767 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the products in the examples of the present application have higher mechanical properties than the comparative examples, which are the result of the combination of alloy formulation and thermal refining.
The above embodiments are provided for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the same, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The alloy steel forging circle quenching and tempering process is characterized in that the alloy steel forging circle comprises the following chemical components ：C=0.40～0.45%, Si=0.20～0.35%,Mn=0.6～0.8%,P≤0.01%,S≤0.01%,Cr=0.4～0.6%,Ni=0.6～0.9%,Mo=0.1～0.3%,Hf-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Zr-Fe＝0.01～0.03％,Be＝0.02～0.04％,Gd＝0.01～0.03％, in percentage by mass and the balance of iron; the mass ratio of Hf to Fe in the Hf-Fe is (2-4): 1, and the mass ratio of Zr to Fe in the Zr-Fe is (3-5): 2;
comprising the following steps:
Step S1, open flame heating treatment before forging: heating the steel ingot according to five sections by open fire for 2-3 minutes at 350-400 ℃ for one section; heating for 1-2 min at 450-550 deg.c; heating for three sections at 600-700 ℃ for 2-4 minutes; heating for four sections at 800-900 ℃ for 1-3 minutes; heating for five sections at 1000-1200 deg.c for 1-2 hr;
step S2, forging: forging by adopting a hydraulic air hammer or a quick forging hydraulic press;
step S3, heat treatment: normalizing, quenching and annealing the manufactured alloy steel forging circles in sequence;
the quenching in the step S3 is step isothermal quenching, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, preserving heat at 850-900 ℃ for 30-50min, then immediately transferring into a 550-600 ℃ furnace for preserving heat for 30-40min, and then cooling to room temperature at an average cooling speed of 35-40 ℃/sec;
The quenching is any one of water quenching and air quenching;
the annealing temperature is 520-570 ℃ and the annealing time is 1-2 hours.
2. The quenching and tempering process of alloy steel forging circles according to claim 1, wherein the forging ratio of the forging in the step S2 is 6-10, the soaking temperature is 1150-1180, the heating rate is less than or equal to 100 ℃/hour, the soaking time is 3-5 hours, the forging temperature is 1100-1140 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900-980 ℃, and the upsetting times are more than or equal to 3 times.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the normalizing temperature in step S3 is 550-650 ℃ and the holding time is 20-30 minutes.
4. A wrought alloy steel ball produced by the process of quenching and tempering of a wrought alloy steel ball according to any one of claims 1-3.
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