CN113355544A - Manufacturing process of cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113355544A CN113355544A CN202110595485.3A CN202110595485A CN113355544A CN 113355544 A CN113355544 A CN 113355544A CN 202110595485 A CN202110595485 A CN 202110595485A CN 113355544 A CN113355544 A CN 113355544A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OWXLRKWPEIAGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cu] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cu] OWXLRKWPEIAGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HAUBPZADNMBYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium copper Chemical compound [Ca].[Cu] HAUBPZADNMBYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy railings, in particular to a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing. The method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a special-shaped railing die, and preheating a melting furnace; heating a melting furnace, adding pure aluminum for melting, heating, adding magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy and copper-nickel alloy, finally adding zinc, iron, tin and silicon for melting, and stirring and mixing; adding an auxiliary agent into the solution, mixing and stirring to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; the manufacturing process of the cast profiled aluminum alloy handrail comprises the steps of preheating a mould, adding aluminum alloy liquid into the mould for casting, cooling and demoulding to obtain a handrail casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy railings, in particular to a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing.
Background
With the progress of science and technology and the development of manufacturing industry, the requirement on the weight reduction of equipment and parts is higher and higher, and the weight reduction of the equipment can greatly reduce the abrasion of the equipment and the consumption of energy; the aluminum alloy product is used as a typical light metal material, has easy processing and forming and excellent mechanical property, and particularly replaces most steel products in the production of manufacturing railings;
when current aluminum alloy railing preparation, need weld into railing shape with the aluminum alloy pole that casts, because the production of a plurality of welded junctions can lead to the intensity reduction of railing, increased the production step simultaneously, influence efficiency, simultaneously in the generation of aluminum alloy, the metal element of adding melts the unnecessary impurity of department easily, influences the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy, consequently, needs a neotype aluminum alloy railing preparation technology to improve the not enough of prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a special-shaped railing mould, and preheating a melting furnace;
s2, heating the melting furnace, adding pure aluminum for melting, heating, adding magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy and copper-nickel alloy, finally adding zinc, iron, tin and silicon for melting, and stirring and mixing;
s3, adding an auxiliary agent into the solution, mixing and stirring to obtain an aluminum alloy solution;
s4, preheating the die, then adding the aluminum alloy liquid into the die for casting, and cooling and demoulding to obtain the handrail casting.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in S1, before the mold and the melting furnace are used, the mold and the melting furnace are preheated to 500-minus-plus-600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.5-2h, then the temperature is reduced to 280-minus-plus-330 ℃, protective paint is coated on the inner walls of the mold and the melting furnace, and then the mold and the melting furnace are preheated and dried at 200-minus-plus-300 ℃ to remove moisture and combustible substances on the inner walls of the mold and the melting furnace, remove dirt such as residual metal, oxide skin and the like, and avoid direct contact with the aluminum alloy and pollution to the aluminum alloy.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in S2, the melting temperature of pure aluminum in the melting furnace is 700-730 ℃, the melting time of the melting furnace is 4-8h, the melting temperature is too low to facilitate the dissolution of alloy elements and the discharge of gas and inclusions, the tendency of forming segregation, cold shut and undercasting is increased, and the casting cannot be reasonably fed due to insufficient heat of a riser, and the too high melting temperature not only wastes energy, but also seriously causes the higher the temperature, the more hydrogen absorption, the coarser the crystal grains, the more serious the oxidation of aluminum and the more serious the burning loss of some alloy elements, thereby causing the reduction of the mechanical property of the alloy, the deterioration of the casting property and the mechanical processing property, the effect of modification treatment and the reduction of the air tightness of the casting.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in S2, after pure aluminum is melted in the melting furnace, the temperature is raised to 730-.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in S2, the aluminum alloy preparation formula comprises the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 0.5-1% of magnesium-copper alloy, 0.4-0.8% of calcium-copper alloy, 0.3-0.4% of copper-nickel alloy, 0.1-0.2% of zinc, 0.1-0.2% of iron, 0.2-0.3% of tin and 0.5-1% of silicon, and the rigidity and mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adding ingredients, so that the produced handrail is not easy to deform.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in S3, the auxiliary agent comprises a refining agent and a slag removal agent, the refining agent comprises sodium nitrate and graphite, the amount of the sodium nitrate and the graphite is 0.4-0.6%, the sodium nitrate and the graphite are added at the temperature of 730-750 ℃, the refining time is 5-10min, the sodium nitrate and the graphite do not chemically react with aluminum, but gas which is not melted in aluminum alloy liquid can be produced by self heat energy at high temperature, so that the refining and purification effects are achieved, and the slag removal agent is silicate and is convenient for removing slag in the aluminum liquid.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the auxiliary agent also comprises a covering agent, the covering agent is used after refining, the covering agent is selected from one or more of expanded perlite and expanded graphite, the using amount is 0.1-0.5%, the covering time is 3-6min, and hydrogen in the air is prevented from entering the aluminum liquid and preserving heat.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the reaction principle of the refining agent and the aluminum liquid is as follows:
NaNO3+C→NaCO3+N2↑+CO2↑
NaNO3→Na2O+NO↑；
the nitrogen, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide generated after the reaction have no corrosion and stimulation to human body and environment.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the step S4, the preheating temperature of the mold is 220-300 ℃, when casting, the mold is in an inclined state, and the aluminum alloy liquid is poured from the mold opening and flows downwards along the side wall.
According to the invention, the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy and the copper-nickel alloy can be added to reduce the burning loss of elements during aluminum alloy casting, so that more stable alloy components can be obtained, and the melting temperature of zinc, iron, tin and silicon can be reduced;
in the invention, the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy and the copper-nickel alloy are added, so that relatively pure magnesium, copper, calcium and nickel elements can be dispersed after melting, the impurities in the aluminum alloy are reduced, and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, such as strength, rigidity and the like, are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the manufacturing process of the cast-molded special-shaped aluminum alloy railing, the prepared aluminum alloy liquid can be cast into a mold for direct molding through the manufactured railing mold, so that the quality problem caused by a plurality of welding ports is reduced.
2. In the manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy handrail, the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy and the copper-nickel alloy are added into the aluminum alloy, so that the burning loss of elements in the aluminum alloy casting process can be reduced, more stable alloy components can be obtained, meanwhile, the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy and the copper-nickel alloy can disperse more pure magnesium, copper, calcium and nickel elements after being melted, the mixing of impurities in the aluminum alloy is reduced, the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy such as strength and rigidity are improved, and the melting temperature of zinc, iron, tin and silicon can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall flow chart of embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing, comprising the following steps:
1. the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a special-shaped railing mould, preheating to 500-plus-600 ℃ before the mould and a melting furnace are used, preserving heat for 1.5-2 hours, then cooling to 280-plus-330 ℃, coating protective paint on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, preheating and drying at 200-plus-300 ℃ for removing moisture and combustible substances on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, removing residual metal, oxide skin and other dirt, and avoiding direct contact with aluminum alloy and pollution to the aluminum alloy;
2. heating a melting furnace to 700-;
3.1, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the dosage is 0.4-0.6%, the refining agent is added at the temperature of 730-:
NaNO3+C→NaCO3+N2↑+CO2↑
NaNO3→Na2O+NO↑；
the nitrogen, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide gas generated after the reaction have no corrosion and stimulation to human body and environment;
3.2, adding an auxiliary agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the using amount is 0.1-0.5%, the covering time is 3-6min, and the covering agent is selected from one or more of expanded perlite and expanded graphite, so that hydrogen in the air is prevented from entering the aluminum liquid for neutralization and heat preservation.
4. Preheating the mold at 220 ℃ and 300 ℃ to enable the mold to be in an inclined state, pouring aluminum alloy liquid from a mold opening to flow downwards along the side wall, and cooling and demolding to obtain the handrail casting.
Embodiment 2 a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing, includes:
1. the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a special-shaped railing mould, preheating to 500-plus-600 ℃ before the mould and a melting furnace are used, preserving heat for 1.5-2 hours, then cooling to 280-plus-330 ℃, coating protective paint on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, preheating and drying at 200-plus-300 ℃ for removing moisture and combustible substances on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, removing residual metal, oxide skin and other dirt, and avoiding direct contact with aluminum alloy and pollution to the aluminum alloy;
2. heating a melting furnace to 700-730 ℃, adding pure aluminum for melting for 4-8h, then heating to 730-750 ℃, adding magnesium-copper alloy 1%, calcium-copper alloy 0.8% and copper-nickel alloy 0.4%, melting at a stirring speed of 70-110r/min, finally cooling to 660-700 ℃, adding zinc 0.2%, iron 0.2%, tin 0.3% and silicon 1% for melting, and mixing at a stirring speed of 50-80 r/min;
3.1, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the dosage is 0.4-0.6%, the refining agent is added at the temperature of 730-:
NaNO3+C→NaCO3+N2↑+CO2↑
NaNO3→Na2O+NO↑；
the nitrogen, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide gas generated after the reaction have no corrosion and stimulation to human body and environment;
3.2, adding an auxiliary agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the using amount is 0.1-0.5%, the covering time is 3-6min, and the covering agent is selected from one or more of expanded perlite and expanded graphite, so that hydrogen in the air is prevented from entering the aluminum liquid for neutralization and heat preservation.
4. Preheating the mold at 220 ℃ and 300 ℃ to enable the mold to be in an inclined state, pouring aluminum alloy liquid from a mold opening to flow downwards along the side wall, and cooling and demolding to obtain the handrail casting.
Embodiment 3 a technology for manufacturing a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing, includes:
1. the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a special-shaped railing mould, preheating to 500-plus-600 ℃ before the mould and a melting furnace are used, preserving heat for 1.5-2 hours, then cooling to 280-plus-330 ℃, coating protective paint on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, preheating and drying at 200-plus-300 ℃ for removing moisture and combustible substances on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, removing residual metal, oxide skin and other dirt, and avoiding direct contact with aluminum alloy and pollution to the aluminum alloy;
2. heating a melting furnace to 700-730 ℃, adding pure aluminum for melting for 4-8h, then heating to 730-750 ℃, adding magnesium-copper alloy 0.75%, calcium-copper alloy 0.6% and copper-nickel alloy 0.35%, fusing at a stirring speed of 70-110r/min, finally cooling to 660-700 ℃, adding zinc 0.15%, iron 0.15%, tin 0.25% and silicon 0.75% for melting, and mixing at a stirring speed of 50-80 r/min;
3.1, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the dosage is 0.4-0.6%, the refining agent is added at the temperature of 730-:
NaNO3+C→NaCO3+N2↑+CO2↑
NaNO3→Na2O+NO↑；
the nitrogen, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide gas generated after the reaction have no corrosion and stimulation to human body and environment;
3.2, adding an auxiliary agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the using amount is 0.1-0.5%, the covering time is 3-6min, and the covering agent is selected from one or more of expanded perlite and expanded graphite, so that hydrogen in the air is prevented from entering the aluminum liquid for neutralization and heat preservation.
4. Preheating the mold at 220 ℃ and 300 ℃ to enable the mold to be in an inclined state, pouring aluminum alloy liquid from a mold opening to flow downwards along the side wall, and cooling and demolding to obtain the handrail casting.
In the above examples 1-3, the magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy, and copper-nickel alloy can be added to reduce the burning loss of elements in the aluminum alloy casting, so as to obtain more stable alloy components, and lower the melting temperature of zinc, iron, tin, and silicon;
the added magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy and copper-nickel alloy can disperse relatively pure magnesium, copper, calcium and nickel elements after being melted, reduce the mixing of impurities in the aluminum alloy and improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, such as strength, rigidity and the like. Comparative example 1 a manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy handrail, comprising:
1. the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a special-shaped railing mould, preheating to 500-plus-600 ℃ before the mould and a melting furnace are used, preserving heat for 1.5-2 hours, then cooling to 280-plus-330 ℃, coating protective paint on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, preheating and drying at 200-plus-300 ℃ for removing moisture and combustible substances on the inner walls of the mould and the melting furnace, removing residual metal, oxide skin and other dirt, and avoiding direct contact with aluminum alloy and pollution to the aluminum alloy;
2. heating the melting furnace to 700-;
3.1, adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the dosage is 0.4-0.6%, the refining agent is added at the temperature of 730-:
NaNO3+C→NaCO3+N2↑+CO2↑
NaNO3→Na2O+NO↑；
the nitrogen, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide gas generated after the reaction have no corrosion and stimulation to human body and environment;
3.2, adding an auxiliary agent into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the using amount is 0.1-0.5%, the covering time is 3-6min, and the covering agent is selected from one or more of expanded perlite and expanded graphite, so that hydrogen in the air is prevented from entering the aluminum liquid for neutralization and heat preservation.
4. Preheating the mold at 220 ℃ and 300 ℃ to enable the mold to be in an inclined state, pouring aluminum alloy liquid from a mold opening to flow downwards along the side wall, and cooling and demolding to obtain the handrail casting.
The cast profiled aluminum alloy railing prepared by the invention has higher working efficiency, and the mechanical property of the produced railing is better, and has a larger relationship with the added magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy and copper-nickel alloy, and in order to verify the related technical scheme, the applicant performs the following tests:
comparative example 1: by using the methods of examples 1 to 3, the prepared cast profiled aluminum alloy balustrade was examined for relevant indexes under the condition of removing the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy and the copper-nickel alloy, and the specific indexes are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Molding time (h) | Brinell Hardness (HBW) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | |
| Example 1 | 12.0 | 513 | 298 | 355 |
| Example 2 | 11.5 | 517 | 301 | 371 |
| Example 3 | 10.0 | 535 | 315 | 401 |
| Comparative example 1 | 20.0 | 457 | 257 | 300 |
As shown in table 1, in the case of removing the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy, and the copper-nickel alloy, the time for preparing the aluminum alloy balustrade is increased while the hardness, the bending strength, and the tensile strength are significantly reduced, so it can be seen that the addition of the magnesium-copper alloy, the calcium-copper alloy, and the copper-nickel alloy in the process of preparing the aluminum alloy balustrade is an important element that affects the generation time and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy balustrade.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing process of a cast special-shaped aluminum alloy railing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a special-shaped railing mould, and preheating a melting furnace;
s2, heating the melting furnace, adding pure aluminum for melting, heating, adding magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy and copper-nickel alloy, finally adding zinc, iron, tin and silicon for melting, and stirring and mixing;
s3, adding an auxiliary agent into the solution, mixing and stirring to obtain an aluminum alloy solution;
s4, preheating the die, then adding the aluminum alloy liquid into the die for casting, and cooling and demoulding to obtain the handrail casting.
2. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S1, before the mold and the melting furnace are used, the mold and the melting furnace are preheated to 600 ℃ and heat-preserved for 1.5-2h, then the temperature is reduced to 330 ℃ and the protective coating is coated on the inner walls of the mold and the melting furnace, and then the mold and the melting furnace are preheated and dried at 300 ℃ and 200 ℃.
3. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S2, the melting temperature rise temperature of the pure aluminum of the melting furnace is 700-730 ℃, and the melting time of the melting furnace is 4-8 h.
4. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S2, after pure aluminum is melted in the melting furnace, the temperature is raised to 730-750 ℃, then magnesium-copper alloy, calcium-copper alloy and copper-nickel alloy are added, the stirring speed is 70-110r/min, the rapid melting is carried out, finally the temperature is lowered to 660-700 ℃, zinc, iron, tin and silicon are added, and the stirring speed is 50-80 r/min.
5. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S2, the aluminum alloy preparation formula comprises the following ingredients in percentage: 0.5-1% of magnesium-copper alloy, 0.4-0.8% of calcium-copper alloy, 0.3-0.4% of copper-nickel alloy, 0.1-0.2% of zinc, 0.1-0.2% of iron, 0.2-0.3% of tin and 0.5-1% of silicon.
6. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S3, the auxiliary agent comprises a refining agent and a slag removal agent, the refining agent comprises sodium nitrate and graphite, the dosage of the refining agent is 0.4-0.6%, the refining agent is added at the temperature of 730-750 ℃, the refining time is 5-10min, and the slag removal agent is silicate.
7. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail as claimed in claim 6, wherein the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the auxiliary agent also comprises a covering agent, the covering agent is used after refining, the covering agent is selected from one or more of expanded perlite and expanded graphite, the using amount is 0.1-0.5%, and the covering time is 3-6 min.
8. The manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail as claimed in claim 6, wherein the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the reaction principle of the refining agent and the aluminum liquid is as follows:
NaNO3+C→NaCO3+N2↑+CO2↑
NaNO3→Na2O+NO↑。
9. the manufacturing process of the cast special-shaped aluminum alloy rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, the preheating temperature of the mold is 220-300 ℃, when casting, the mold is in an inclined state, and the aluminum alloy liquid is poured from the mold opening and flows downwards along the side wall.
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