CN113355149A - Preparation method of anti-wear hydraulic oil - Google Patents
Preparation method of anti-wear hydraulic oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113355149A CN113355149A CN202110683413.4A CN202110683413A CN113355149A CN 113355149 A CN113355149 A CN 113355149A CN 202110683413 A CN202110683413 A CN 202110683413A CN 113355149 A CN113355149 A CN 113355149A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
- C10M2205/163—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of anti-wear hydraulic oil, which comprises the following steps: (1) evaluating the comprehensive performance of various base oils, and selecting the base oils with high comprehensive performance and reasonable price; (2) measuring the oil-water separation property, the foam characteristic, the condensation point and the antirust performance of the base oil in the presence of water; (3) modifying base oil; (4) and (3) testing the friction performance: on a four-ball machine, testing the influence of the nano particles and the extreme pressure antiwear agent on the friction performance of the hydrogenated base oil, analyzing the microcosmic surface appearance of the wear spots and the types, valence states and content of elements on the surface of the wear spots by using an optical profiler and a photoelectron spectrometer, researching the friction mechanism of the lubricating additive and finding out a proper proportioning scheme; (5) and multi-stage wear-resistant hydraulic oil is developed. According to the invention, through an optimal proportioning scheme of the single-factor additive, various functional additives and a small amount of auxiliary additives are compounded, and the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic oil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of treatment of electric power systems and transformer oil, in particular to a preparation method of anti-wear hydraulic oil.
Background
With the development and the large-scale use of hydraulic machinery and the development of human beings to regions with severe environment, a hydraulic system faces more tests from a working environment, and therefore the requirement of the hydraulic system on hydraulic oil is higher and higher. The existing hydraulic oil can not completely meet the requirements of hydraulic machinery, so that the multi-stage wear-resistant hydraulic oil with higher comprehensive performance and reasonable price needs to be developed, so that the multi-stage wear-resistant hydraulic oil has good lubricating performance and oxidation stability, and the service lives of the hydraulic oil and hydraulic elements are prolonged; meanwhile, the oil change times are reduced, the working efficiency of the hydraulic machine is improved, and the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved. The hydraulic oil consumption in China is large, and the use cost of hydraulic machinery can be increased by importing more advanced multi-stage hydraulic oil in foreign countries; the domestic market is not common, and the price is expensive, and the multi-stage hydraulic oil can not be used in a large range. The II-class and m-class hydroisomerized base oil which meets API standards is abundant in China, can produce multi-stage wear-resistant hydraulic oil which not only meets the high-pressure wear-resistant requirement, but also has good high-temperature and low-temperature performance and reasonable price, and has important significance for meeting the use requirements of various hydraulic machines such as agricultural machines, engineering machines, transportation machines and the like in China, saving energy and reducing environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of anti-wear hydraulic oil, which is realized by the following steps:
the preparation method of the anti-wear hydraulic oil comprises the following steps: (1) evaluating the comprehensive performance of various base oils, selecting the base oils with high comprehensive performance and reasonable price, and laying a foundation for the development of the multistage hydraulic oil;
(2) measuring the oil-water separation property, the foam characteristic, the condensation point and the antirust performance of the base oil in the presence of water;
(3) modification of base oil: the antioxidant, the nano particles and the auxiliary additive are respectively added into the base oil in different proportions in a compounding manner, the influence of the viscosity modifier, the antioxidant, the nano particles and the auxiliary additive on the stability performance of the base oil is analyzed by testing the change of viscosity and acid value before and after oil product oxidation, the oil product is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the proper compounding proportion of the viscosity modifier, the antioxidant, the nano particles and the auxiliary additive is determined, wherein the auxiliary additive is preferably di-n-butyl phosphite;
(4) and (3) testing the friction performance: on a four-ball machine, testing the influence of the nano particles and the extreme pressure antiwear agent on the friction performance of the hydrogenated base oil, analyzing the microcosmic surface appearance of the wear spots and the types, valence states and content of elements on the surface of the wear spots by using an optical profiler and a photoelectron spectrometer, researching the friction mechanism of the lubricating additive and finding out a proper proportioning scheme;
(5) developing multistage antiwear hydraulic oil: according to the optimal proportioning scheme of the single-factor additive, the multifunctional additive and a small amount of auxiliary additive are compounded, and the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic oil is improved.
Preferably, the base oil is liquid paraffin; the nano particles are nano copper oxide particles.
Preferably, the nano copper oxide is obtained by the following process: step one, respectively taking 100ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol in a conical flask, stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 80 ℃, and simultaneously weighing 0.285g of stearic acid to be added into a system for full dissolution; secondly, weighing 0.62g of hydrazine hydrate, pouring into the mixed solution, and adjusting the pH value to 9 by using NaOH aqueous solution; thirdly, dissolving 2.0g of copper acetate into 50ml of deionized water, then dropwise adding the copper acetate solution into a conical flask, and violently stirring for 9 hours under the condition of 80 ℃ constant-temperature water bath, wherein the system gradually changes from light yellow to brown yellow and finally to rusty yellow; and fourthly, separating out solid particles by suction filtration, washing the solid particles with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying the obtained solid-phase substance for 24 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 50 ℃ to prepare the stearic acid-coated copper oxide nanoparticles.
Preferably, in the step (3), the specific method for modifying the base oil by the copper oxide is as follows: adding liquid paraffin into the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles according to the mixture ratio of 0.05 percent, 0.10 percent, 0.15 percent and 0.20 percent of different mass fractions to prepare the compound lubricating oil, adopting a four-ball machine to carry out an anti-wear performance experiment on the lubricating grease, carrying out a friction performance test on the prepared oil product by the experiment, and obtaining the average value of each group of tests for three times as the final experiment result.
Preferably, the steel ball is a GCr15 steel ball with the diameter of 12.7mm, the four-ball machine comprises an upper cover, a base body, a rotating shaft, an upper steel ball and a lower steel ball, and under the loading condition, one upper steel ball rotates opposite to the lower three static steel balls coated with test grease on the surfaces; the structure diagram of the four-ball machine is shown in fig. 7, the friction element is composed of four steel balls, the lower three steel balls are clamped in the oil sample cup and tightly attached to each other, the upper steel ball is arranged, and sample oil in the oil sample cup needs to submerge the bottom ball during testing. The top ball above is driven by the main shaft to be fixed on the rotating shaft to rotate, and when the device runs, the three bottom balls below are jacked up under the action of upward load force to compress the top ball, so that a plurality of sliding modes of point contact between every two steel balls of 4 steel balls are formed. The test conditions in the test process can be adjusted, and under the condition that any test condition is changed, the friction force and the wear scar diameter between the steel balls are different.
Preferably, the additive amount of the nano copper oxide is 0.2%, and the content of the di-n-butyl phosphite is 0.6%.
Preferably, the oil and synthetic liquid water separability is determined by loading 40mL of the sample and 40mI. of distilled water in a graduated cylinder and stirring at 54 ℃ or 82 ℃ for 5min, and recording the time required for emulsion separation. After resting for 30min or 60min, if the emulsion did not separate completely, or the emulsion layer did not decrease to 3mL or less, then the volumes of the oil layer (or synthetic fluid), water layer, and emulsion layer at that time were recorded.
Preferably, the foam properties of the base oil are determined by blowing a sample at 24 ℃ for 5min with a constant flow of air and then standing for 10min, measuring the volume of foam in the sample at the end of each cycle, taking a second sample, testing at 93.5 ℃ and repeating the test at 24 ℃ when the foam has disappeared.
Preferably, the freezing point measuring method is that the sample is loaded in a specified test tube and cooled to the expected temperature, the test tube is inclined to the horizontal to be kept at 45 degrees for 1min, whether the liquid surface moves or not is observed, and the highest temperature that the liquid surface does not move is taken as the freezing point of the sample.
The rust inhibitive performance of the base oil in the presence of water is preferably tested by mixing 300ml of the sample with 30ml of water, immersing the entire cylindrical test steel bar therein, and stirring at 60 ℃ to determine suitability for periodic observation of rust.
Through experiments, the elements such as Fe, C, O, Cu and the like are distributed on the abrasion surface and are distributed in the abrasion area. Wherein the enrichment region of the Cu element is caused by a filling and repairing mechanism of the nano lubricating oil. Meanwhile, the 'complementary' effect of Cu and Fe elements is combined with a friction boundary lubricating film formed by base oil under the condition of high speed and heavy load, so that the oil film strength between friction pairs is improved. Copper oxide nanoparticles, as lubricant additives, play an important role in the frictional contact area. Firstly, the copper oxide particles are filled and repaired in the surface furrows, so that the roughness of the grinding spots is improved to a certain extent, and the lubricating property is improved. More importantly, the copper oxide and the Fe are complementarily formed into a film on the worn surface, and the oil film strength is improved. The mechanism of the wear-reducing and wear-resisting performance of the nano copper oxide as the lubricating oil additive is shown.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the hydraulic oil used as the additive has low toxicity, and the lubricating property and the wear resistance are obviously improved.
(2) Through the abrasion resistance test of a four-ball machine, the abrasion resistance of the basic hydraulic oil can be improved by the di-n-butyl phosphite, and an optimal value exists.
(3) The stearic acid coated copper oxide nano-particles are used as a lubricating oil additive to obviously improve the tribological performance of the lubricating oil. Especially, the copper oxide nano particles with the additive amount of 0.2 percent show the best friction-reducing and wear-resisting lubricating effect. When the content of the additive is 0.2%, the reduction of the friction coefficient reaches 30.0%, and the reduction of the abrasion mark diameter reaches 47.6%.
(4) The mechanism of adding the copper oxide nano-particles for friction reduction and wear resistance is that under the condition of high speed and heavy load, the copper oxide is complemented with Fe on the surface of a friction pair to form a layer of chemical reaction film which is easy to shear, so that the direct contact wear of the friction pair is avoided, and meanwhile, the surface of the friction pair is filled and repaired to achieve the effects of friction reduction and wear resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing an antiwear additive for hydraulic oil;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of copper oxide content on coefficient of friction (COF) and Wear Scar Diameter (WSD);
FIG. 3 is a graph of wear surface topography under different lubricating media;
FIG. 4 is a graph of an elemental wear surface analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer;
FIG. 5 is a graph of wear surface element content;
FIG. 6 is a graph of data from T304 experiments at various levels;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-ball machine.
Reference numerals: the steel ball bearing comprises an upper cover 1, a seat body 2, a rotating shaft 3, an upper steel ball 4 and a lower steel ball 5.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the anti-wear hydraulic oil is realized by the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1-7, a preparation method of anti-wear hydraulic oil selects liquid paraffin as base oil; modifying the base oil by using the copper oxide nanoparticles; the nano particles are nano copper oxide particles, and the prepared copper oxide nano particles are added with liquid paraffin according to the mixture ratio of 0.05 percent, 0.10 percent, 0.15 percent and 0.20 percent of different mass fractions to prepare the composite lubricating oil. The formulated oil was tested for friction properties using a western ball mill (as shown in fig. 7). The steel ball used is a GCr15 steel ball with the diameter of 12.7mm, and the average value is obtained by three tests of each group and is used as the final experimental result.
The wear-leveling diameter size and the friction coefficient of copper oxide nanoparticles formed by different additive amounts shown in fig. 2 have similar variation trends. It can be seen that the addition of a small amount of copper oxide nanoparticles improves the anti-wear and anti-friction properties of the lubricating oil. When the mass fraction is 0.2%, the minimum friction coefficient is 0.098 and the minimum wear-scar diameter is 540 mu m, the friction coefficient reduction amplitude reaches 30.0%, and good antifriction and lubricating properties are shown. Meanwhile, the reduction of the diameter of the grinding spot reaches 47.6 percent, and the wear-resistant performance is good. However, when the concentration of the nano copper oxide is further increased to 0.25-0.30%, the friction coefficient and the steel ball wear scar diameter are increased. This indicates that an excessive amount of nanoparticles is not favorable for improving the lubricating properties of the base oil. The reason for this is mainly that the agglomeration of nanoparticles is aggravated, which has a certain side effect on lubrication.
After the frictional wear test was completed, the four balls were removed and subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, followed by drying and SEM and EDS elemental analysis. FIG. 3 shows a friction pair GCr under different lubricating medium conditions15The surface appearance of the grinding trace of the steel ball. a. b respectively corresponding to the wear surface appearance of the steel ball under the lubrication condition of pure liquid paraffin and liquid paraffin added with 0.2 percent of copper oxide nano particles. As seen from the graph a, the lower viscosity of the liquid paraffin does not effectively prevent severe abrasion during the contact of the friction pair, so that the abrasion spot diameter of the steel ball is larger, and larger furrows, pits and deep scratches are generated. As can be seen from the graph b, the diameter of the abrasion marks is obviously reduced by adding 0.2% of the nano copper oxide particles, the surface of the abrasion marks is smooth, and obvious furrows and pits are not formed. In conclusion, the nano copper oxide as an additive shows good abrasion resistance.
In order to further analyze specific elements on the surface of the abrasive spot, an energy dispersion X-ray spectrometer is used for element analysis, the content of elements on the surface of the abrasive spot containing the copper oxide additive is analyzed as shown in FIG. 4, the content of each element is shown in FIG. 5, and the abrasion surface elements of the friction pair mainly comprise Fe, C, O and Cu. The experiment results in: the composite lubricating oil added with the nano copper oxide particles generates a tribochemical reaction, and a layer of boundary lubricating film containing elements such as Fe, C, Cu and the like is generated on the surface of a friction pair, which is the key point of the antifriction and antiwear properties of the nano copper oxide as a lubricating oil additive.
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, elements such as Fe, C, O, and Cu are distributed over the wear region on the wear surface. Wherein the enrichment region of the Cu element is caused by a filling and repairing mechanism of the nano lubricating oil. Meanwhile, the 'complementary' effect of Cu and Fe elements is combined with a friction boundary lubricating film formed by base oil under the condition of high speed and heavy load, so that the oil film strength between friction pairs is improved. Copper oxide nanoparticles, as lubricant additives, play an important role in the frictional contact area. Firstly, the copper oxide particles are filled and repaired in the surface furrows, so that the roughness of the grinding spots is improved to a certain extent, and the lubricating property is improved. More importantly, the copper oxide and the Fe are complementarily formed into a film on the worn surface, and the oil film strength is improved. The mechanism of the wear-reducing and wear-resisting performance of the nano copper oxide as the lubricating oil additive is shown.
Selection of auxiliary addition:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, selecting HL hydraulic oil, determining the optimal addition amount of di-n-butyl phosphite (T304) through a small-scale test, and improving the wear resistance on the premise of not influencing other indexes of the hydraulic oil. The specific method comprises the following steps: when a certain amount of hydraulic oil is added into the oil according to the mass fraction of 0.30%, the diameter of the wear-resisting spot is 0.832mm, and when the mass fraction is 0.50%, the diameter of the wear-resisting spot is 0.614mm, so that the wear resistance is obviously improved. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the anti-wear properties were greatly improved with increasing amounts of T304, and the optimum amount of additive was determined by comparing the rust and anti-foam criteria with each other in continuing the test. From FIG. 7, it can be analyzed that as the wear scar diameter decreases, the cleanliness and the demulsification are improved, and according to the change of the test data, the addition amount of T304 is 0.60% which is most suitable.
Various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention, and should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the anti-wear hydraulic oil comprises the following steps: (1) evaluating the comprehensive performance of various base oils, and selecting the base oils with high comprehensive performance and reasonable price; (2) measuring the oil-water separation property, the foam characteristic, the condensation point and the antirust performance of the base oil in the presence of water; (3) modification of base oil: the antioxidant, the nano particles and the auxiliary additive are respectively added into the base oil in different proportions in a compounding manner, the influence of the viscosity modifier, the antioxidant, the nano particles and the auxiliary additive on the stability performance of the base oil is analyzed by testing the change of viscosity and acid value before and after oil product oxidation, the oil product is analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the proper compounding proportion of the viscosity modifier, the antioxidant, the nano particles and the auxiliary additive is determined, wherein the auxiliary additive is preferably di-n-butyl phosphite; (4) and (3) testing the friction performance: on a four-ball machine, testing the influence of the nano particles and the extreme pressure antiwear agent on the friction performance of the hydrogenated base oil, analyzing the microcosmic surface appearance of the wear spots and the types, valence states and content of elements on the surface of the wear spots by using an optical profiler and a photoelectron spectrometer, researching the friction mechanism of the lubricating additive and finding out a proper proportioning scheme; (5) developing multistage antiwear hydraulic oil: according to the optimal proportioning scheme of the single-factor additive, the multifunctional additive and a small amount of auxiliary additive are compounded, and the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic oil is improved.
2. The process for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base oil is liquid paraffin; the nano particles are nano copper oxide particles.
3. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 2, wherein: the copper oxide nanoparticles are obtained by: step one, respectively taking 100ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol in a conical flask, stirring the mixture in a water bath at a constant temperature of 80 ℃, and simultaneously weighing 0.285g of stearic acid to be added into a system for full dissolution; secondly, weighing 0.62g of hydrazine hydrate, pouring into the mixed solution, and adjusting the pH value to 9 by using NaOH aqueous solution; thirdly, dissolving 2.0g of copper acetate into 50ml of deionized water, then dropwise adding the copper acetate solution into a conical flask, and violently stirring for 9 hours under the condition of 80 ℃ constant-temperature water bath, wherein the system gradually changes from light yellow to brown yellow and finally to rusty yellow; and fourthly, separating out solid particles by suction filtration, washing the solid particles with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying the obtained solid-phase substance for 24 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 50 ℃ to prepare the stearic acid-coated copper oxide nanoparticles.
4. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 3, wherein: in the step (3): adding liquid paraffin into the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles according to the mixture ratio of 0.05 percent, 0.10 percent, 0.15 percent and 0.20 percent of different mass fractions to prepare the compound lubricating oil, adopting a four-ball machine to carry out an anti-wear performance experiment on the lubricating grease, carrying out a friction performance test on the prepared oil product by the experiment, and obtaining the average value of each group of tests for three times as the final experiment result.
5. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 4, wherein: the four-ball machine comprises an upper cover (1), a base body (2), a rotating shaft (3), an upper steel ball (4) and a lower steel ball (5), wherein the steel ball is GCr15Steel balls, 12.7mm in diameter, with the upper one rotating against the lower three stationary balls coated with test grease on their surfaces under load.
6. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 5, wherein: the addition amount of the nano copper oxide is 0.2%, and the content of the di-n-butyl phosphite is 0.6%.
7. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 6, wherein: the oil-water separation method of base oil comprises loading 40mL sample and 40mI distilled water into a measuring cylinder, stirring at 54 deg.C or 82 deg.C for 5min, and recording the time required for emulsion separation; after resting for 30min or 60min, if the emulsion did not separate completely, or the emulsion layer did not decrease to 3mL or less, then the volume of the oil, water and emulsion layers at this time was recorded.
8. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 7, wherein: the foam properties of the base oil were determined by blowing a sample at 24 ℃ for 5min with a constant flow of air and then standing for 10min, measuring the volume of foam in the sample at the end of each cycle, taking a second sample, testing at 93.5 ℃ and repeating the test at 24 ℃ when the foam had disappeared.
9. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 8, wherein: the freezing point measuring method comprises the steps of placing a sample in a specified test tube, cooling the test tube to a desired temperature, inclining the test tube to be horizontal and standing the test tube for 1min at an angle of 45 degrees, observing whether the liquid surface moves, and taking the highest temperature at which the liquid surface does not move as the freezing point of the sample.
10. The method for preparing an antiwear hydraulic fluid according to claim 9, wherein: the rust-preventive property test method of the base oil in the presence of water is to mix a 300ml sample with 30ml water, immerse the whole cylindrical test steel bar in the mixture, stir the mixture at 60 ℃ and determine that the rust-preventive property is suitable for periodic observation.
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