CN113354283A - Preparation method of low-temperature hard glaze for bone china - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-temperature hard glaze for bone china Download PDFInfo
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- CN113354283A CN113354283A CN202110791955.3A CN202110791955A CN113354283A CN 113354283 A CN113354283 A CN 113354283A CN 202110791955 A CN202110791955 A CN 202110791955A CN 113354283 A CN113354283 A CN 113354283A
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- glaze
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- temperature hard
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/04—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-temperature hard glaze for bone china, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic production. The low-temperature hard glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O:0.10％‑0.90％、B2O3:0.50％‑6.00％、CaO:6.00％‑11.00％、ZnO:7.00％‑10.00％、K2O:3.00％‑6.00％、Na2O:3.00％‑6.00％、SiO2:55.00％‑65.00％、Al2O37.00-11.00 percent, and the sum of the mass fractions of the raw materials is 100 percent. The amount of ZnO in the prior low-temperature glaze is reduced, and a proper amount of Li is added2O、B2O3And the use amount of CaO is increased, the hardness is increased to 6.3GPa on the premise of not increasing the glaze firing temperature, and the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze reaches grade A of the acid and alkali resistance of the daily ceramic glaze.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a low-temperature hard glaze for bone china.
Background
The bone china is a porcelain formed by adding powdered bone charcoal of herbivorous animals into ceramic raw materials and firing. The bone china is characterized by light texture, fineness, hardness, uneasy abrasion and breakage, high whiteness, good transparency, glittering, white and transparent under the irradiation of visible light. The bone china is a best product in ceramics in reputations of thin paper, white jade, mirror and sound. The bone charcoal for producing the bone china is prepared by degreasing, degumming and burning bones of herbivores at high temperature. The production of the bone china is different from the traditional china, the bone china must be subjected to biscuit firing at high temperature and low temperature glaze firing, and a biscuit of the bone china must be placed in a profiling sagger to be subjected to biscuit firing to form the porcelain, otherwise, the biscuit can generate large deformation in the biscuit firing process. Then glazing the biscuit of the bisque-fired porcelain and then carrying out glaze firing to obtain the bone china white porcelain product.
The glaze firing temperature of the bone china must be lower than the firing temperature of the biscuit porcelain by less than 100 ℃, and if the glaze firing temperature is too high, the bone china deforms in the glaze firing process, so that the bone china generally adopts low-temperature glaze containing about 13 percent of ZnO, and the low glaze firing temperature, the small coefficient of thermal expansion of the glaze and the good adaptability of a bone china blank are determined. The low-temperature glaze firing temperature is in a range of 1080-1150 ℃, has good adaptability with a bone porcelain blank, better cold and hot sudden change resistance, and can meet the basic requirements of the national standard (GB/T13522-2008) of the bone porcelain. However, the low-temperature glaze bone china product has obvious defects in the using process: firstly, the glaze surface has low hardness which is obviously lower than that of common porcelain products, and scratches are easily generated in the using process, particularly western-style food; secondly, the stain resistance is poor, the stain is difficult to clean, and the nature is that the acid resistance and the alkali resistance are poor. The defects of the bone china products in the using process seriously restrict the due practicability of the bone china products. The key for solving the problem is the porcelain glaze, and the problems that the hardness and the acid and alkali resistance of the low-temperature glaze are improved on the premise of not increasing the glaze firing temperature are urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a low-temperature glaze for bone china, which reduces the viscosity of a glaze melt at the firing temperature of the glaze, is beneficial to low-temperature glaze firing, can rapidly increase the viscosity of the glaze after the temperature is reduced, is beneficial to improving the hardness and acid and alkali resistance of the glaze, and can also reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw material Li2O、B2O3、CaO、ZnO、K2O、Na2O、SiO2、Al2O3Mixing uniformly, adding into a high-temperature furnace, and fully melting at 1350-1450 ℃;
(2) directly putting the uniformly melted melt into water for quenching to obtain a frit, adding Suzhou soil into the frit, and carrying out wet ball milling in a ball mill to obtain glaze slurry;
(3) and glazing after sieving to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china.
The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.10％-0.90％、 B2O3：0.50％-6.00％、CaO；6.00％-11.00％、ZnO：7.00％-10.00％、K2O:3.00％-6.00％、 Na2O:3.00％-6.00％、SiO2:55.00％-65.00％、Al2O37.00-11.00 percent, and the sum of the mass fractions of the raw materials is 100 percent.
The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.48％、B2O3： 5.03％、CaO；8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O：5.70％、Na2O：4.12％、SiO2：57.47％、Al2O3： 10.44％。
According to the preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china, the dosage of Suzhou soil is 2% of the total amount of the raw materials in the step (1).
According to the preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china, the glazing operation can be carried out after the screening residue of the bone china is less than 0.2% through a 250-mesh screen in the step (2).
The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the step (3) of firing at 1080-1150 ℃.
The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass, Li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO；8.00％、ZnO： 8.76％、K2O：5.70％、Na2O：4.12％、SiO2：57.47％、Al2O3: 10.44 percent, adding the mixture into a high-temperature furnace after uniformly mixing, and fully melting the mixture at 1400 ℃;
(2) directly putting the uniformly melted melt into water for quenching to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, and carrying out wet ball milling in a ball mill to obtain glaze slurry;
(3) and (4) glazing after sieving with a 250-mesh sieve until the content of the powder is less than 0.2%, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china reduces the consumption of ZnO by one third, relatively reduces the raw material cost of the glaze and has certain economic benefit. Adding a proper amount of Li2O、B2O3And increasing the amount of CaO, Li2O can reduce the viscosity of high-temperature glaze melt during glaze firing, is beneficial to low-temperature glaze firing to form smooth and flat glaze, can strengthen the microstructure of the glaze after cooling and improve the strength of the glaze, but has limited using amount and excessive Li2O can devitrify the glaze, and the invention positions the glaze at 0.10-0.90%. Adding a small amount of B2O3Can also obviously reduce the viscosity of high-temperature glaze melt during glaze firing, is beneficial to low-temperature glaze firing, can also strengthen the microstructure of the glaze after cooling, improves the strength and acid and alkali resistance of the glaze, reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze, but has excessive B2O3The glaze melt can generate phase separation to influence the glaze performance. The increase of the amount of CaO is also beneficial to low-temperature glaze firing and the improvement of the hardness of the glaze, and the CaO cannot be too high, so that the glaze can devitrify and lose luster due to excessive CaO. With Li2O、B2O3The combination of the three raw materials of CaO and CaO replaces part of ZnO, so that the essence of the low-temperature glaze is kept unchanged, and the glaze surface is improvedThe key point of the hardness, acid resistance and alkali resistance is the optimized combination of the dosage, the high-quality low-temperature hard glaze can be prepared only by exerting the respective advantages to the optimal state, and the most suitable structural state is selected from the contradictory shield body of low temperature and hard. The method has great practical significance for improving the glaze hardness and the acid and alkali resistance of the bone china, and can obviously improve the practical value of the bone china; compared with the existing bone china glaze, the hardness of the glaze can be improved by more than 10 percent, and the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze can reach the grade A standard with the highest acid and alkali resistance of the daily ceramic glaze.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
Example 1
The low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO； 8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O:5.70％、Na2O:4.12％、SiO2:57.47％、Al2O3:10.44％。
Weighing the raw materials according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, adding into a high-temperature furnace, fully melting at 1400 ℃, directly quenching the uniformly melted melt in water to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, wet ball-milling into glaze slurry in a ball mill, glazing, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china. The hardness of the glaze reaches 6.3GPa, and the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze reaches grade A of the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze of the daily ceramic.
Example 2
The low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO； 8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O:5.70％、Na2O:4.12％、SiO2:57.47％、Al2O3:10.44％。
Weighing the raw materials according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, adding into a high-temperature furnace, fully melting at 1400 ℃, directly quenching the uniformly melted melt in water to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, wet ball-milling into glaze slurry in a ball mill, glazing, and carrying out glaze firing at 1150 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china. The hardness of the glaze reaches 6.3GPa, and the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze reaches grade A of the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze of the daily ceramic.
Example 3
The moonlight 8-inch flat plate fired by the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china prepared in the example 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a blank body from a bone ceramic material;
(2) carrying out high-temperature bisque firing on the blank at 1250 ℃;
(3) glazing the bone china prepared in the embodiment 1 on the bisque-fired product by using the low-temperature hard glaze, and then glazing and firing the bone china at a medium temperature, wherein the glazing and firing temperature is 1050 ℃, so that a finished moonlight 8-inch flat plate is prepared.
The finished product moonlight 8-inch flat plate is subjected to detection on performance indexes such as lead migration amount, cadmium migration amount, thermal shock resistance, glaze hardness and the like, and the detection results are shown in table 1: the detected indexes of the sample, namely lead migration quantity and cadmium migration quantity, meet the requirements of the product migration test condition used under normal temperature conditions in GB 4806.4-2016 (national food standard ceramic products); the thermal shock resistance meets the standard requirements of GB/T13522-. In addition, the chemical corrosion resistance of the moonlight 8-inch flat disc is detected according to GB/T5003-1999, and the result shows that the sample has no obvious corrosion trace due to the corrosion of acid chemicals (10% ammonium chloride) and alkali chemicals (10% potassium hydroxide), the line of the pencil is erasable, and the grade is A.
TABLE 1 Performance test results of 8-inch flat plate under moonlight
Comparative example 1
The low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：1.00％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO； 8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O:5.70％、Na2O:4.12％、SiO2:57.44％、Al2O3:9.95％。
Weighing the raw materials according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, adding into a high-temperature furnace, fully melting at 1400 ℃, directly quenching the uniformly melted melt in water to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, wet ball-milling into glaze slurry in a ball mill, glazing, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china. The appearance quality of the glaze surface does not reach the standard, and white point-like crystals are generated.
Comparative example 2
The low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.48％、B2O3：8.03％、CaO； 8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O:5.70％、Na2O:4.12％、SiO2:57.47％、Al2O37.44 percent. Weighing the raw materials according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, adding into a high-temperature furnace, fully melting at 1400 ℃, directly quenching the uniformly melted melt in water to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, wet ball-milling into glaze slurry in a ball mill, glazing, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china. The glaze quality is not up to standard, and the glaze generates opalescence due to phase separation.
Comparative example 3
The low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO； 12.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O:5.70％、Na2O:4.12％、SiO2:57.47％、Al2O3:6.44％。
Weighing the raw materials according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, adding into a high-temperature furnace, fully melting at 1400 ℃, directly quenching the uniformly melted melt in water to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, wet ball-milling into glaze slurry in a ball mill, glazing, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china. The glaze quality does not reach the standard, and a large amount of pockmarks are generated on the glaze due to crystallization.
Comparative example 4
The low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO； 8.00％、ZnO：7.00％、K2O:5.70％、Na2O:4.12％、SiO2:57.36％、Al2O3:12.31％。
Weighing the raw materials according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing, adding into a high-temperature furnace, fully melting at 1400 ℃, directly quenching the uniformly melted melt in water to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, wet ball-milling into glaze slurry in a ball mill, glazing, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china. The glaze quality does not reach the standard, and the glaze generates ripples due to low glaze firing temperature.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing raw material Li2O、B2O3、CaO、ZnO、K2O、Na2O、SiO2、Al2O3Mixing uniformly, adding into a high-temperature furnace, and fully melting at 1350-1450 ℃;
(2) directly putting the uniformly melted melt into water for quenching to obtain a frit, adding Suzhou soil into the frit, and carrying out wet ball milling in a ball mill to obtain glaze slurry;
(3) and glazing after sieving to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china.
2. The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china according to claim 1, wherein the mass fractions of the raw materials are respectively as follows: li2O：0.10％-0.90％、B2O3：0.50％-6.00％、CaO；6.00％-11.00％、ZnO：7.00％-10.00％、K2O:3.00％-6.00％、Na2O:3.00％-6.00％、SiO2:55.00％-65.00％、Al2O37.00-11.00 percent, and the sum of the mass fractions of the raw materials is 100 percent.
3. The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china according to claim 1, wherein the mass fractions of the raw materials are respectively as follows: li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO；8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O：5.70％、Na2O：4.12％、SiO2：57.47％、Al2O3：10.44％。
4. The method for preparing the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china pottery according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the Suzhou soil is 2% of the total amount of the raw materials in the step (1).
5. The method for preparing the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china ware, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the glazing operation is carried out after the screening residue of the step (2) is less than 0.2 percent through a 250-mesh screen.
6. The method for preparing the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china ware as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glaze firing temperature in the step (3) is 1080-1150 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass, Li2O：0.48％、B2O3：5.03％、CaO；8.00％、ZnO：8.76％、K2O：5.70％、Na2O：4.12％、SiO2：57.47％、Al2O3: 10.44 percent, adding the mixture into a high-temperature furnace after uniformly mixing, and fully melting the mixture at 1400 ℃;
(2) directly putting the uniformly melted melt into water for quenching to obtain a frit, adding 2% of Suzhou soil into the frit, and carrying out wet ball milling in a ball mill to obtain glaze slurry;
(3) and (4) glazing after sieving with a 250-mesh sieve until the content of the powder is less than 0.2%, and carrying out glaze firing at 1080 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature hard glaze for the bone china.
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