CN113354259A - Discharging method, discharging device and cold crucible melting device - Google Patents
Discharging method, discharging device and cold crucible melting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113354259A CN113354259A CN202110684948.3A CN202110684948A CN113354259A CN 113354259 A CN113354259 A CN 113354259A CN 202110684948 A CN202110684948 A CN 202110684948A CN 113354259 A CN113354259 A CN 113354259A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B7/00—Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob, e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact
- C03B7/01—Means for taking-off charges of molten glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/021—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by induction heating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
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Abstract
A method of discharging comprising: when the material needs to be discharged, heating the material to be discharged at the discharge port to enable the material to be discharged to be changed into a second state from a first state, wherein the discharge port is blocked by the material to be discharged in the first state, and the material to be discharged flows in the second state; when the unloading is required to be stopped, cooling the material to be unloaded at the discharging opening, and converting the material to be unloaded from the second state into the first state; the periphery of the discharge port is provided with a cooling channel, the cooling channel is used for continuously introducing a cooling medium in the preparation process and the discharging process of the material to be discharged, and the cooling channel is introduced with a first cooling medium in the preparation process of the material to be discharged; when the discharging is needed, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is switched to the second cooling medium, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances. According to the discharging method, the cooling medium near the discharging port is switched, so that the heating of the discharging port can be accelerated, and the waiting time for discharging is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of a smelting furnace discharging device and a process, in particular to a discharging method, a discharging device and a cold crucible melting device.
Background
The radioactive waste liquid generated by the post-treatment of the spent fuel has the characteristics of high specific activity, high heat release rate, long half-life period of the contained nuclear element, complex chemical components and the like, and how to safely and effectively treat the radioactive waste liquid is one of important factors influencing the sustainable development of nuclear power. In recent years, glass curing processes have been used to treat radioactive liquid waste. The glass solidification process includes the steps of pre-treating radioactive waste liquid through calcination to convert the radioactive waste liquid into oxide (called as calcined product), mixing the oxide and glass base material in a smelting furnace according to a certain proportion, melting, casting, and annealing to fix radioactive nuclide in glass network to form stable glass solidified body.
The cold crucible glass solidification is carried out by generating high frequency (10) by using a power supply5～106Hz) current, and then the current is converted into electromagnetic current through the induction coil to penetrate into the material to be heated to form eddy current to generate heat, so that the material to be treated is heated and melted. The cold crucible is mainly composed of a high-frequency induction power supply, a cold crucible furnace body and other auxiliary devices, wherein the cold crucible furnace body is a container composed of metal arc blocks or tubes through which cooling water is introduced, the cooling water is continuously introduced into the metal tubes during working, the temperature of a fusant in the crucible is extremely high, but the crucible is still kept at a lower temperature (generally less than 200 ℃), so that a layer of solid glass shell (cold wall) with the thickness of 0.3-3 cm is formed in a low-temperature region close to the tubes of the furnace body in the running process, and the cold crucible is called as a cold crucible. The cold crucible does not need refractory materials and electrodes for heating, and because the molten glass is contained in the cold wall, the corrosion effect on the smelting furnace is reduced. The cold crucible glass solidification is suitable for treating high-, medium-and low-level radioactive waste liquid and organic waste liquid, and has the advantages of high melting temperature, wide waste treatment range, small volume, large treatment capacity, easy retirement, less retired waste, long service life of a furnace body and the like.
A cold crucible glass solidification process relates to the flows of feeding, discharging, tail gas treatment and the like. For example, when the cold crucible runs to the point where discharging is needed, the discharging pipe can be heated to reach a certain temperature, then the molten glass in the crucible furnace can flow out of the discharging pipe, and when discharging is finished, the discharging pipe is cooled, so that the molten glass in the pipe is cooled into solid glass to block the outlet, and discharging can be stopped.
However, the current discharging device or discharging method requires a long waiting time for the process of discharging from the furnace to the cold crucible, which reduces the discharging efficiency and is not suitable for the continuous operation of the glass solidification process.
Disclosure of Invention
According to a first aspect of the application, a discharging method is proposed, comprising the following steps: when the material needs to be discharged, heating the material to be discharged at the discharge port to enable the material to be discharged to be changed into a second state from a first state, wherein the discharge port is blocked by the material to be discharged in the first state, and the material to be discharged flows in the second state; when the unloading is required to be stopped, cooling the material to be unloaded at the discharging port, and converting the material to be unloaded from the second state into the first state; cooling channels are arranged around the discharge port and used for continuously introducing cooling media in the preparation process and the unloading process of the materials to be discharged, and first cooling media are introduced into the cooling channels in the preparation process of the materials to be discharged; the method further comprises the following steps: when unloading is needed, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is switched to a second cooling medium, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances.
According to a second aspect of the application, a discharge device is proposed, comprising: the bearing part is provided with a discharge hole; the discharging part comprises a material inlet and a channel part, the material inlet is connected with the discharging port, and a material to be discharged flows into the discharging part from the discharging port and flows along the channel part; the heated discharging part transfers part of heat to the discharging port so as to enable the material to be discharged at the discharging port to be changed into a second state from a first state, wherein the material to be discharged is blocked at the discharging port in the first state, and the material to be discharged flows in the second state; the cooling part is arranged at the channel part and used for cooling the discharging part so as to enable the material to be discharged at the discharging opening to be changed from the second state to the first state and stop discharging; cooling channels are arranged around the discharge port and used for continuously introducing cooling media in the preparation process and the unloading process of the materials to be discharged, and first cooling media are introduced into the cooling channels in the preparation process of the materials to be discharged; the discharge apparatus further comprises: and the switching part is connected with the cooling channel and is arranged to switch the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel into a second cooling medium when unloading is required, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances.
According to a third aspect of the application, a cold crucible melting device is provided, which comprises a cold crucible device and the discharging device of the application embodiment, wherein the discharging device is arranged below the cold crucible device and is connected with a discharging port of the cold crucible device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a discharge apparatus/process according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a discharge method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a discharge method according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a discharge method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a discharging device according to an embodiment of the present application.
It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and are merely illustrative in nature and not intended to obscure the reader.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the present application will be described below in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the described embodiment is one embodiment of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the application without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the application.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. If the description "first", "second", etc. is referred to throughout, the description of "first", "second", etc. is used only for distinguishing similar objects, and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance, order or number of technical features indicated, it being understood that the data described in "first", "second", etc. may be interchanged where appropriate. If "and/or" is presented throughout, it is meant to include three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" and including either scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes in which both A and B are satisfied. Furthermore, spatially relative terms, such as "above," "below," "top," "bottom," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's spatial relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures, and should be understood to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
The "unloading" of the present application is described in connection with the scenario of fig. 1. Discharge means to transfer material from the material preparation device 200. By providing the discharge apparatus 100 as an intermediate transition section, material is discharged from the material preparation apparatus 200 via the discharge apparatus 100. Further by providing a collecting device 300 for collecting the discharged material for material storage or transport.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a discharging method according to an embodiment of the present application.
The unloading method comprises the following steps:
1001. when needs are unloaded, the material of waiting to unload of heating discharge gate department makes and waits to unload the material and change into the second state from first state, and wherein, the discharge gate is plugged up to the material of waiting to unload under the first state, and the material of waiting to unload flows under the second state.
The material preparation apparatus 200 is taken as a cold crucible furnace (or a cold crucible apparatus) as an example, so as to describe the technical solution of the present application.
The principle of preparing glass melt by a cold crucible furnace is as follows: the power supply is used for generating current, the current is converted into electromagnetic current through the induction coil and permeates into the material to be heated, eddy current is formed to generate heat, and therefore the material to be heated is heated and melted. Due to the cooling effect, a layer of condensed and solid cold glass is formed on the inner wall of the cold crucible furnace, and the molten glass is contained in the layer of condensed and solid cold glass, so that the cold crucible furnace is protected.
In the preparation stage, solidified glass is formed at the discharge port of the cold crucible melting furnace and blocks the discharge port to prevent the material from flowing out of the discharge port. When the discharging is needed, the solidified glass at the discharging opening is heated and melted to be changed into a molten state (flowing state), and the discharging opening forms an outlet, so that the material is allowed to flow out through the outlet to discharge.
According to step 1001, in a conventional discharging process, when discharging is required, a material to be discharged at a discharging port, such as a glass melt, can be heated, and the material is prevented from flowing by a solidified glass near the discharging port and is changed from a solidified state to a molten state by heating, so that the discharging requirement can be met. The first state is, for example, a solidified state and the second state is, for example, a molten state.
1003. And when the unloading is required to be stopped, cooling the material to be unloaded at the discharge port, and converting the material to be unloaded from the second state into the first state.
Similarly, according to step 1003, when the discharging is required to be stopped, the heating of the material to be discharged at the discharging port can be stopped, and the temperature of the discharging port is reduced through cooling, so that the material can be changed from a molten state to a solidified state, thereby blocking the discharging port and preventing the discharging from further happening.
However, in the above discharging process, since the material to be discharged at the discharging port is heated slowly, the time from the discharging to the beginning of the material flowing and the actual discharging needs to be long, which greatly limits the discharging efficiency.
According to the structure of the cold crucible furnace, a cooling channel is arranged near the discharge port of the cold crucible furnace and is used for introducing a cooling medium, so that the cold crucible furnace is cooled during operation, and the cold crucible furnace is prevented from being corroded by melt. During the preparation of the glass melt by the cold crucible furnace, the cooling channel can be filled with a first cooling medium so as to cool the component where the discharge port is located.
According to the unloading method provided by the embodiment of the application, the unloading efficiency is optimized by adding the following steps.
1005. When the discharging is needed, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is switched to the second cooling medium, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances.
The numbering of steps 1001, 1003 and 1005 described above is not intended to limit the order of the steps, it being understood that step 1005 may be performed prior to step 1001. When the discharging is needed, the cooling medium in the cooling channel can be switched first, and then the discharging hole is heated again.
During the preparation process of the glass melt, the temperature of the discharge port is lower under the first cooling medium for safety consideration, and the temperature of the discharge port is also lower due to the fact that the discharge port is far away from a high-temperature zone in the middle of the melting furnace. The temperature of the materials near the discharge port is low, and the discharging efficiency is reduced if the materials are heated slowly. In some embodiments, when the second cooling medium is introduced into the cooling channel, the cooling effect of the second cooling medium on the material near the discharge port is weakened, so that the temperature of the material near the discharge port can be increased rapidly, and the material can be converted into a flowing state.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, the discharging method further includes:
1007. and after the material to be discharged at the heating discharge port is changed from the first state to the second state, the second cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is switched to the first cooling medium.
When the material changes from the first state to the second state, the material can flow, unload via the discharge gate, at this moment, for the cooling demand that satisfies the part at discharge gate place, can switch over cooling medium again to strengthen the cooling of the part at discharge gate place, prevent that high temperature melt from corroding the part.
In some embodiments, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel has a first temperature during the preparation of the material to be discharged. As shown in fig. 4, the discharging method further includes:
1008. when discharging is required, the second cooling medium which is led into the cooling channel is made to have a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is different from the first temperature.
For example, the cooling effect of the first cooling medium with the first temperature is stronger than that of the second cooling medium with the second temperature, and through the steps, the cooling effect near the discharge port can be further weakened, so that the temperature of the material near the discharge port can be favorably and rapidly increased, and the material is enabled to be in a flowing state.
In some embodiments, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel has a first temperature during the preparation of the material to be discharged. As shown in fig. 4, the discharging method further includes:
1009. and when the discharging is required to be stopped, enabling the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel to have a third temperature, wherein the third temperature is not more than the first temperature.
It can be understood that when the discharge is required to be stopped, the temperature of the discharge port is expected to be reduced relatively quickly, and the temperature of the discharge port is reduced rapidly by introducing the first cooling medium with the third temperature into the cooling channel, so that the discharge stopping speed is increased. Of course, the third temperature may be higher than the first temperature.
The first temperature, the second temperature and the third temperature may be specific temperature values or temperature intervals, and are set according to actual requirements.
In some embodiments, the above discharging method further comprises:
the flow rate and/or flow of the second cooling medium or the first cooling medium is adjusted to accelerate the start of discharge or to accelerate the stop of discharge.
According to the discharging method provided by the embodiment of the application, before the discharging port is heated, the cooling effect near the discharging port is weakened by switching the cooling medium near the discharging port, the heating of the discharging port is accelerated, and the material is changed into a flowing state capable of discharging. Or, when the discharge is stopped, the cooling effect of the discharge port is enhanced, and the time for stopping the discharge is shortened.
Optionally, the first cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium and the second cooling medium is a gaseous cooling medium. In the existing discharging device or method, a water cooling channel is arranged on the outer wall of a cold crucible to realize cooling. In some embodiments, the first cooling medium is water and the second cooling medium is air. The heating rate or the cooling rate of the discharge port is adjusted by switching between water cooling and air cooling, so that the waiting time for starting or finishing discharging can be shortened, and the discharging efficiency is greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application further provides a discharging device, including: the bearing part 10, the bearing part 10 is provided with a discharge port 101; the discharging part 20, the discharging part 20 includes the material inlet 201 and channel part 202, the material inlet 201 is connected with the discharge port 101, the material to be discharged flows into the discharging part 20 from the discharge port 101, and flows along the channel part 202; the heating part 30 is arranged at the channel part 202 and used for heating the discharging part 20, and the heated discharging part 20 transmits part of heat to the discharging hole 101 so as to enable the material to be discharged at the discharging hole to be changed into a second state from a first state, wherein the material to be discharged is blocked at the discharging hole in the first state, and the material to be discharged flows in the second state; and the cooling part 40 is arranged at the channel part 202 and is used for cooling the discharging part 20 so as to enable the material to be discharged at the discharging port to be changed from the second state to the first state and stop discharging.
The periphery of the discharge port 101 is provided with a cooling channel, the cooling channel is used for continuously introducing a cooling medium in the preparation process and the discharging process of the material to be discharged, and the cooling channel is introduced with the first cooling medium 60 in the preparation process of the material to be discharged.
The material to be discharged is, for example, a glass melt. When the cold crucible device is used for preparing glass melt, a layer of solidified glass is formed on the inner wall of the device, and when the glass is not discharged, the solidified glass 103 blocks the discharge hole 101 so as to prevent the material from flowing out of the discharge hole 101. When the glass is to be discharged, the solidified glass 103 is melted so that the molten glass can flow, and then flows out of the discharge port 101 into the discharging portion 20. The first state is, for example, a solidified state and the second state is, for example, a molten state. When the material needs to be discharged, the solidified glass at the discharge port is heated and melted to be changed into a molten state (flowing state), so that the discharge port forms an outlet, and the material is allowed to flow out through the outlet so as to be discharged.
The existing discharging device greatly limits the discharging efficiency because the materials to be discharged at the discharging opening are heated slowly and the time from discharging to the beginning of flowing of the materials and the actual discharging needs to be waited for longer.
The discharge apparatus of the embodiment of the present application further includes: and a switching part 50 connected to the cooling passage and configured to switch the first cooling medium 60 introduced into the cooling passage to a second cooling medium 70 when the discharge is required, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances. When cooling channel lets in the second cooling medium, the second cooling medium weakens to the cooling effect near the discharge gate, so will be favorable to promoting the near material temperature of discharge gate fast to make the material change into the flow state.
In some embodiments, the switch 50 is further configured to:
after the material to be discharged at the discharge opening is changed from the first state to the second state, the second cooling medium 70 introduced into the cooling channel is switched to the first cooling medium 60.
When the material changes from the first state to the second state, the material can flow, unload via the discharge gate, at this moment, for the cooling demand that satisfies the part at discharge gate place, can switch over cooling medium again to strengthen the cooling of the part at discharge gate place, prevent that high temperature melt from corroding the part.
In some embodiments, the cooling channel is fed with a first cooling medium at a first temperature during the preparation of the material to be discharged. The switching section 50 is further provided: when unloading is required, the cooling channels are fed with a second cooling medium 70 at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is different from the first temperature.
For example, the cooling effect of the first cooling medium with the first temperature is stronger than that of the second cooling medium with the second temperature, and through the steps, the cooling effect near the discharge port can be further weakened, so that the temperature of the material near the discharge port can be favorably and rapidly increased, and the material is enabled to be in a flowing state.
In some embodiments, the switch 50 is further configured to: when the discharge needs to be stopped, the cooling channel is fed with the first cooling medium 60 at a third temperature, wherein the third temperature is not greater than the first temperature.
It can be understood that when the discharge is required to be stopped, the temperature of the discharge port is expected to be reduced relatively quickly, and the temperature of the discharge port is reduced rapidly by introducing the first cooling medium with the third temperature into the cooling channel, so that the discharge stopping speed is increased.
The first temperature, the second temperature and the third temperature may be specific temperature values or temperature intervals, and are set according to actual requirements.
In some embodiments, an end of the discharge portion 20 adjacent the discharge port 101 passes through the discharge port 101 and extends into the material to be discharged.
The unloading part 20 is usually made of metal materials, has the characteristics of heat resistance and heat conduction, and can accelerate the heating of the material when the unloading part 20 is in contact with the material, so that the heating rate of the material is increased, and the unloading waiting time is shortened.
The discharge section 20 of the present application is, for example, a metal discharge pipe, and the cooling section 40 includes, for example, a pipe section 401 that is fitted outside the passage section 202 and a cooling medium that can be fed into the pipe section 401. When the discharge is required to be stopped, the power supply of the heating part 30 is turned off, and the cooling medium is continuously supplied to the pipe part 401 until the cooling requirement is satisfied. Further, the heating part 30 may be distributed on an outer wall of the pipe part 401. The heating unit 30 is, for example, an induction coil.
As shown in fig. 5, the switching unit 50 of the present application includes, for example, a pipeline connected to the cooling passage and an adjustment unit, and can allow or block a fluid to flow in the pipeline or adjust a flow rate of the fluid by controlling an opening degree of the adjustment unit. The first regulating part 51 and the third regulating part 53 and the pipe are kept in communication, as in the material preparation process, so that the first cooling medium 60 is supplied to the vicinity of the discharge port. When discharging is required, the first adjusting part 51 is closed, the second adjusting part 52 is opened, and the second adjusting part 52, the third adjusting part 53 and the pipeline are communicated, so that the second cooling medium 70 is provided near the discharge port. Further, after the discharge port starts discharging, the second adjusting portion 52 is closed, the first adjusting portion 51 is opened, and the first adjusting portion 51, the third adjusting portion 53 and the pipeline are communicated, so that the first cooling medium 60 is supplied to the vicinity of the discharge port. Through the cooling medium switching, the unloading efficiency can be effectively improved.
Of course, the switching portion 50 may also take other configurations or forms as long as the above-described requirement for switching the cooling medium is satisfied.
The cold crucible device for glass solidification can comprise a cold crucible main body, a first cover part and a second cover part, wherein the cold crucible main body comprises a shell which is provided with a hollow cavity and provides a reaction space for preparing glass melt; the first cover part and the second cover part are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell and used for sealing the shell.
The first cover part can be provided with a feed inlet which is connected with a pipeline for feeding so as to provide reaction materials, reagents and the like. The second cover part can be provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port can be connected with a discharging device to discharge.
Further, the cold crucible device also comprises an induction power supply to provide heating energy; the cold crucible main body, the first cover part and the second cover part are all provided with cooling parts for cooling the cold crucible during operation, and the corrosion of high-temperature molten products to the device is prevented.
The receiving part 10 of the embodiment of the present application may function as the same as the second cover part (i.e., the bottom cover) of the cold crucible apparatus, and thus the receiving part 10 described above may be used in place of the second cover part of the general cold crucible apparatus.
On the basis of the discharging device, the embodiment of the application also provides a cold crucible melting device, and the cold crucible melting device can comprise the cold crucible device and the discharging device of the embodiment of the application. The discharging device is arranged below the cold crucible device and is further connected with a discharging port of the cold crucible device. Once the material to be discharged begins to flow along the discharging part from the discharging hole, the material to be discharged can continuously flow by means of the gravity of the material to be discharged, and discharging is achieved. When the discharge device comprises a carrying section, the second cover structure in the cold crucible device can be omitted. Alternatively, the second lid portion of the cold crucible apparatus may be left and the carrier portion may be omitted.
It can be understood that the discharging device and/or the cold crucible device of the embodiment of the present application can realize discharging based on a freeze-thaw valve or a gate valve. By combining the cooling channel of the bearing part or the second cover part (namely the bottom cover) of the cold crucible device with the switching part, the heating rate or the cooling rate of the discharge port is adjusted by switching the cooling medium, so that the waiting time for starting or ending the discharging can be shortened, and the discharging process is optimized.
On the basis of the cold crucible melting device, the embodiment of the application also provides a radioactive liquid waste treatment device/system, for example, the radioactive liquid waste treatment device/system further comprises a high-frequency power supply, a feeding device, a tail gas treatment device and an auxiliary device/system.
The feeding means may comprise, for example, a feed tank, a feed chute, a screw conveyor, and a feed pipe. The chemical reagent which is uniformly mixed is delivered into a feeding groove, the chemical reagent is delivered into the feeding groove through a screw conveyor and weighed, the metered material is pushed by the screw conveyor and is delivered into a main feeding pipe in a sliding mode through gravity, a material equipartition device is arranged at the tail end of the main feeding pipe, and the fed material is uniformly added onto the surface of the glass melt.
The tail gas treatment device can comprise a wet dust collector, a condenser, a nitrogen-oxygen absorption tower, a reheater, a high efficiency filter and a fan. The tail gas outlet of the smelting furnace is directly connected with the wet dust collector, the tail gas after wet dust collection enters the condenser and is condensed, and the condensate is collected in a special tank. The tail gas flows through a nitrogen-oxygen absorption tower, and acid gas (NOx and other gas) is removed in the absorption tower through the action of the tail gas and alkali liquor. The gas from the nitrogen-oxygen absorption tower passes through a reheater, then enters a high-efficiency filter, and finally is discharged into the air.
The auxiliary device/system can comprise a cooling system and a control system, for example, different cooling modes can be selected according to cooling requirements, for example, a high-frequency power supply, a medium-frequency power supply and accessories thereof, a medium-frequency inductor and the like can be cooled by using an automatic temperature control water cooler with preset cooling capacity. In order to effectively reduce the loss of cooling water, a closed cycle is adopted in the cooling system, and softened water such as deionized water is used in the cooling water system.
It can be understood that the radioactive liquid waste treatment device/system can be improved on the basis of the existing device/system, and the discharging efficiency is improved by using the discharging device of the embodiment of the application.
According to the unloading method and the unloading device, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
when needs are unloaded, through switching the near coolant in discharge gate, the cooling effect near the reduction discharge gate helps accelerating the discharge gate and is heated, makes the material become the mobile attitude that can unload.
When the unloading is required to be stopped, the cooling effect of the discharge port is enhanced, and the time required for stopping the unloading can be shortened.
The cooling effect can be further adjusted by adjusting the temperature, flow rate, etc. of the first cooling medium/the second cooling medium, thereby improving the temperature of the discharge port and accelerating the start of discharging or stopping discharging.
For the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, in a case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other to obtain a new embodiment.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present application shall be subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method of discharging, comprising the steps of:
when the material needs to be discharged, heating the material to be discharged at the discharge port to enable the material to be discharged to be changed into a second state from a first state, wherein the discharge port is blocked by the material to be discharged in the first state, and the material to be discharged flows in the second state;
when the unloading is required to be stopped, cooling the material to be unloaded at the discharging port, and converting the material to be unloaded from the second state into the first state;
cooling channels are arranged around the discharge port and used for continuously introducing cooling media in the preparation process and the unloading process of the materials to be discharged, and first cooling media are introduced into the cooling channels in the preparation process of the materials to be discharged;
the method further comprises the following steps:
when unloading is needed, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is switched to a second cooling medium, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances.
2. The discharging method according to claim 1, further comprising:
and after the material to be discharged at the discharge port is heated and is changed from the first state to the second state, the second cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is switched to the first cooling medium.
3. The discharging method according to claim 1 or 2,
in the preparation process of the material to be discharged, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel has a first temperature;
the method further comprises the following steps:
when discharging is required, the second cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel is made to have a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is different from the first temperature.
4. The discharging method according to claim 1 or 2,
in the preparation process of the material to be discharged, the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel has a first temperature;
the method further comprises the following steps:
and when the discharging is required to be stopped, enabling the first cooling medium introduced into the cooling channel to have a third temperature, wherein the third temperature is not higher than the first temperature.
5. The discharging method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
adjusting the flow rate and/or flow rate of the second cooling medium or the first cooling medium to accelerate the start of discharge or accelerate the stop of discharge.
6. The discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the first cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium, and the second cooling medium is a gaseous cooling medium.
7. The discharging method according to claim 6,
the first cooling medium is water, and the second cooling medium is air.
8. A discharge apparatus, comprising:
the bearing part (10), the bearing part (10) is provided with a discharge hole (101);
the discharging part (20), the discharging part (20) comprises a material inlet (201) and a channel part (202), the material inlet (201) is connected with the discharging port (101), and the material to be discharged flows into the discharging part (20) from the discharging port (101) and flows along the channel part (202);
the heating part (30) is arranged on the channel part (202) and used for heating the discharging part (20), and the heated discharging part (20) transfers part of heat to the discharging hole (101) so as to enable the material to be discharged at the discharging hole to be changed into a second state from a first state, wherein the material to be discharged blocks the discharging hole in the first state, and the material to be discharged flows in the second state;
a cooling part (40) arranged on the channel part (202) and used for cooling the discharging part (20) so as to change the material to be discharged at the discharging port from the second state to the first state to stop discharging;
cooling channels are arranged around the discharge hole (101), the cooling channels are used for continuously introducing cooling media in the preparation process and the unloading process of the materials to be discharged, and first cooling media (60) are introduced into the cooling channels in the preparation process of the materials to be discharged;
the discharge apparatus further comprises:
and a switching unit (50) connected to the cooling channel and configured to switch the first cooling medium (60) introduced into the cooling channel to a second cooling medium (70) when unloading is required, wherein the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium have different cooling performances.
9. The discharge apparatus according to claim 8,
the switching section (50) is further provided with:
and after the material to be discharged at the discharging opening is changed from the first state to the second state, switching the second cooling medium (70) introduced into the cooling channel into the first cooling medium (60).
10. The discharge apparatus according to claim 9,
in the preparation process of the material to be discharged, the first cooling medium with a first temperature is led into the cooling channel;
the switching section (50) is further provided with:
when discharging is required, introducing the second cooling medium (70) at a second temperature into the cooling channel, wherein the second temperature is different from the first temperature; or/and
and when the discharging is required to be stopped, introducing the first cooling medium (60) with a third temperature into the cooling channel, wherein the third temperature is not higher than the first temperature.
11. The discharge device according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
the first cooling medium is a liquid cooling medium, and the second cooling medium is a gaseous cooling medium.
12. The discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
the first cooling medium is water, and the second cooling medium is air.
13. The discharge apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12,
one end of the discharging part (20) close to the discharging hole (101) penetrates through the discharging hole (101) and extends into the material to be discharged.
14. A cold crucible melting apparatus, comprising:
a cold crucible device for preparing a glass melt; and
the discharging device as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the discharging device is arranged below the cold crucible device and is connected with the discharge port of the cold crucible device.
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| CN202110684948.3A CN113354259A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Discharging method, discharging device and cold crucible melting device |
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| CN202110684948.3A CN113354259A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Discharging method, discharging device and cold crucible melting device |
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| CN113354259A true CN113354259A (en) | 2021-09-07 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115127028A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-30 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Discharge device for glass melt of radioactive waste |
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