CN113354061A - Three-section supercritical water oxidation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and chemical industry, and provides a three-section supercritical water oxidation device which comprises a reaction kettle, wherein the reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle A, a reaction kettle B and a reaction kettle C which are sequentially and vertically connected from top to bottom, a settling kettle vertically connected with the reaction kettle C is arranged at the end, deviating from the reaction kettle B, of the reaction kettle C, a pollutant inlet is formed in the reaction kettle B, oxidant inlets are formed in the reaction kettle A, the reaction kettle B and the reaction kettle C, and a reactor outlet is formed in the reaction kettle A. The three-stage supercritical water oxidation device can solve the problems of insufficient residence time of solid-liquid mixture reaction materials and difficult continuous reaction in the conventional supercritical water oxidation technology.

Description

Three-section supercritical water oxidation device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and chemical industry, and particularly relates to a three-stage supercritical water oxidation device which is suitable for treating organic wastewater and powdery hazardous wastes by a supercritical water oxidation technology.

Background

With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of industrialization, environmental issues have become a global and significant problem facing the current society. The supercritical water oxidation technology is proposed in the beginning of the last 80 th century, is the most promising pollutant treatment technology and is particularly suitable for treating high-concentration organic wastewater, including printing and dyeing wastewater, oily wastewater, garbage percolate and the like. Compared with the traditional treatment process, the supercritical water oxidation technology has the characteristics of thorough treatment, short reaction time, no secondary pollution, high controllability and the like.

The supercritical state of water is a state which is reached when the temperature of water exceeds 374 ℃ and the pressure exceeds 22 MPa. Under the supercritical condition, the density, dielectric constant and the like of water can be obviously changed, the water becomes a nonpolar solvent, the solubility of organic matters and oxygen in the supercritical water is greatly increased, even the organic matters and the oxygen are completely mixed to form a uniform phase, an oxidant can perform a strong oxidation reaction with the organic matters in the supercritical water, so that the organic matters are deeply degraded into harmless inorganic matters rapidly, and hydrocarbon is oxidized into CO₂And H₂O, nitrogen element is oxidized into N₂Sulfur, halogen and the like are precipitated and separated out as inorganic salts of acid radical ions.

However, the supercritical water oxidation technology is difficult to be utilized on a large scale, and the following problems mainly exist: the corrosion problem of materials under high temperature and high pressure, the inorganic salt blockage problem under the supercritical state, the insufficient residence of reaction time and the like. After 30 years of development, various supercritical water oxidation reactors are developed at home and abroad, and the reactors comprise vertical arrangement, horizontal arrangement, inclined arrangement and the like, but the problems of insufficient residence time and discontinuous reaction when reaction materials are solid-liquid mixtures are difficult to effectively solve.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a three-stage supercritical water oxidation apparatus, which aims to solve the problems of insufficient residence time of solid-liquid mixture reaction materials and difficulty in continuous reaction in the existing supercritical water oxidation technology.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a reactor which comprises a reaction kettle A, a reaction kettle B and a reaction kettle C, wherein the reaction kettle A, the reaction kettle B and the reaction kettle C are sequentially and vertically connected from top to bottom, a settling kettle is vertically connected with the end, away from the reaction kettle B, of the reaction kettle C, a pollutant inlet is formed in the reaction kettle B, oxidant inlets are formed in the reaction kettle A, the reaction kettle B and the reaction kettle C, and a reactor outlet is formed in the reaction kettle A.

Further, connecting flanges and sealing pieces are arranged at the adjacent connecting positions of the reaction kettle A, the reaction kettle B, the reaction kettle C and the settling kettle respectively.

Further, reation kettle A, reation kettle B, reation kettle C and settling kettle all adopt the straight tube structure, and in order to practice thrift the space, the straight tube also can have certain radian.

Further, the outer wall of the reaction kettle is provided with a heater, and the heater is heated by steam, electricity or oil.

Furthermore, a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the heater.

Further, a seal head is arranged on the reaction kettle A through a bolt, and the seal head is provided with the reactor outlet and a thermocouple sleeve inserted into the reaction kettle.

Furthermore, the height of the reaction kettle is an adjustable structure.

Further, a charge level indicator is arranged in the settling kettle.

The invention has the advantages that: according to the three-stage supercritical water oxidation reaction device, the reaction materials flow from bottom to top, and oxygen is sprayed into the three stages of reaction kettles, so that the retention time of the reaction materials and the reaction sufficiency are effectively increased; still through setting up the settling cask under reation kettle for inorganic salt relies on the gravity of self just can deposit in settling cask, helps solving the reactor and blocks up the problem, guarantees the continuous reaction of reaction material.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Drawings

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-stage supercritical water oxidation apparatus;

reference numerals: 1. a thermowell; 2. an outlet of the reactor; 3. sealing the end; 4. a bolt; 5. a reaction kettle A; 6. an oxidant inlet; 7. a heat-insulating layer; 8. a contaminant inlet; 9. a connecting flange; 10. a heater; 11. a reaction kettle B; 12. a reaction kettle C; 13. and (5) settling the kettle.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

As shown in fig. 1, the three-stage supercritical water oxidation apparatus mentioned in this embodiment includes a reactor, the reactor includes a reactor a5, a reactor B11 and a reactor C12 which are sequentially and vertically connected from top to bottom, a settling vessel 13 is vertically connected with the reactor C12 at the end deviating from the reactor B11, a pollutant inlet 8 is arranged on the reactor B11 for receiving reaction materials, an oxidant inlet 6 is arranged on each of the reactor a5, the reactor B11 and the reactor C12 for receiving oxygen, a reactor outlet 2 is arranged on the reactor a5 for discharging the reacted reactants, and the settling vessel 13 is used for settling inorganic salt solids. Thus, the reaction kettle is divided into a three-section reaction kettle and a settling kettle structure. The three-stage formula reation kettle includes: a reaction kettle A5, a reaction kettle B11 and a reaction kettle C12, wherein the three reaction kettles are communicated. The reason for setting up syllogic reation kettle is in improving the dwell time of material in the cauldron, makes the material fully react. Each section of reaction kettle is provided with an oxygen filling opening, and oxygen is fully contacted with materials. The mixed material of solid and liquid is injected between reactor A5 and reactor B11 or near the upper position of reactor B11, part of liquid is changed into gas at high temperature, and reacts mainly in reactor A5, and part of unvaporized liquid and solid powder are influenced by gravity and react mainly in reactor B11 and reactor C12. And reaction kettle C12 is communicated with settling kettle 13, and the solid powder generated in reaction kettle C12 and a small amount of unevaporated liquid enter settling kettle 13 under the action of gravity and further settle. And the gas in the reaction kettle flows out from the outlet 2 of the reaction kettle A5 above the reaction kettle A to enter the subsequent cooling and separation. In high temperature high pressure reaction process, most liquid evaporation is the gaseous state, leads to the solid powder in reactant and the reaction product to appear, and along with going on of reaction, the solid powder increases, can cause the especially jam problem of pipeline of reaction system, influences going on in succession of reaction, and this device is through setting up settling tank 13, then can collect solid powder, reduces the pipeline and blocks up, guarantees going on in succession of reaction.

In the embodiment, a reaction kettle A5, a reaction kettle B11 and a reaction kettle C12 are main bodies of the reaction kettle, are all of tubular structures and are communicated with one another, the connection between adjacent connecting flanges 9 is adopted, each connecting flange 9 is provided with a sealing element, and reaction materials flow in the tubes; the tubular structure of the reaction kettle is vertically arranged, so that the occupied space of the reaction device is saved, a straight pipe can be changed into a bent pipe (the bending angle is not too large, and inorganic salt is not influenced to fall into the settling kettle), and the radian is 70 degrees, 80 degrees, 85 degrees and the like.

The outer wall of the reactor in this embodiment is provided with a heater 10, which can be electrically heated or oil heated, and the heater 10 is externally provided with a thermal insulation layer 7 to ensure that the temperature in the reactor reaches a set temperature (above the supercritical point of water).

In this embodiment, a head 3 is disposed on a reactor a5 through a bolt 4, a reactor outlet 2 and a thermowell 1 inserted into the reactor are disposed on the head 3, the thermowell 1 is disposed in the reactor for inserting a thermocouple to measure temperature, and a pressure sensor (not shown) is disposed on the head 3 for measuring pressure in the reactor.

In the embodiment, the pollutant inlet 8 is positioned at one side or two sides of the reaction kettle, the reactor outlet 2 is positioned above the reaction kettle, gas in the reaction kettle flows from bottom to top, inorganic salt is settled from top to bottom under the action of self gravity, and the flow of oxygen gas needs to be controlled to ensure that most of the inorganic salt can be settled; the reaction materials to be treated enter the reaction kettle from the pollutant inlet 8, the reaction materials to be treated can be liquid materials or solid-liquid mixed materials, and the solid-liquid mixed materials can be injected into the reaction kettle after being uniformly stirred; the three sections of reaction kettles are all provided with oxidant inlets 6, the oxidant is generally gas, can be oxygen or air, and the gas flow rate of each gas injection opening can be adjusted; in addition, the reaction materials and the oxidant are generally preheated and then injected into the reaction kettle, which is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency.

The height of the reactor in this embodiment is adjustable, that is, the height of each section of the three-section reactor can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the reaction materials to be treated and the characteristics of the oxidant.

In the embodiment, the settling kettle 13 is provided with a level indicator, when the inorganic salt in the settling kettle 13 is full, the reaction is stopped, and the inorganic salt is taken out after disassembly; or sucking out inorganic salt by suction.

In this embodiment, the reactor and settling tank 13 are made of high temperature and corrosion resistant material, such as inconel 625.

The three-section supercritical water oxidation device adopting the scheme has the characteristics that oxygen is sprayed into three sections of the first and third-section reaction kettles, so that the oxygen in the reaction kettles is fully contacted with materials, the reaction efficiency is improved, and simultaneously, incompletely-reacted gas and solid can react in the reaction kettle A or the reaction kettle C; secondly, gas in the reaction kettle flows from bottom to top, and the solid is deposited from top to bottom by utilizing gravity, so that the retention time of the solid in the reaction kettle is increased, and the solid is fully reacted; third, three sections of reaction kettles are all provided with oxygen inlets, and certain turbulence can be formed at the inlets, so that the retention time of materials in the reaction kettles can be prolonged; fourthly, a settling kettle is arranged, and is an inorganic salt storage space, so that the continuous operation of reaction equipment is ensured; and fifthly, the reaction kettle is communicated with a settling kettle, and the inorganic salt can settle in the settling kettle below by utilizing gravity, so that the problem of inorganic salt blockage is solved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a syllogic supercritical water oxidation unit, includes the reation kettle ware, its characterized in that, the reation kettle ware includes reation kettle A (5), reation kettle B (11) and reation kettle C (12) that top-down connected perpendicularly in proper order, reation kettle C deviates from reation kettle B's the end that deviates from and is equipped with the settling cask (13) of being connected perpendicularly with it, be provided with pollutant entry (8) on the reation kettle B, all be equipped with oxidant entry (6) on reation kettle A, reation kettle B and the reation kettle C, be provided with reactor outlet (2) on the reation kettle A.

2. The supercritical water oxidation apparatus of three-stage type as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactor A, reactor B, reactor C and settling tank are provided with connecting flange (9) and sealing element at their adjacent connection.

3. The three-stage supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 1, wherein reactor a, reactor B, reactor C and settling vessel all adopt straight tube structures.

4. The supercritical water oxidation apparatus of three stages of claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the reactor is provided with a heater (10) which is heated by steam, electricity or oil.

5. The supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 4, characterized in that the heater is externally provided with a heat-insulating layer (7).

6. The supercritical water oxidation apparatus of three-stage type as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactor A is provided with a head (3) through a bolt (4), and the head is provided with the reactor outlet and a thermowell (1) inserted into the reactor.

7. The three-stage supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the height of the reactor is adjustable.

8. The three-stage supercritical water oxidation apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that a level gauge is disposed in the settling tank.

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