CN113346760A - Dynamic construction method for resonance characteristics of high-efficiency power converter - Google Patents
Dynamic construction method for resonance characteristics of high-efficiency power converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113346760A CN113346760A CN202110725026.2A CN202110725026A CN113346760A CN 113346760 A CN113346760 A CN 113346760A CN 202110725026 A CN202110725026 A CN 202110725026A CN 113346760 A CN113346760 A CN 113346760A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention relates to a dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for a high-efficiency power converter, which is characterized in that a resonance type power system consisting of a power switch unit, a resonance unit, a composite coil unit and a secondary side rectifying unit which are connected in sequence is arranged, the resonance unit generates coupling in a mode of sharing part of resonance elements, under the condition of obtaining dynamic multi-source excitation, the voltage and phase of a plurality of energy sources/voltage sources are adjusted for one or more power switch units, and the target resonance curve is subjected to sectional fitting by changing the resonance coupling degree or equivalent resonant cavity structures or the number of combined resonant cavities, namely different power switch unit control modes are adopted at different stages to realize the real-time adjustment of the resonance network characteristic curve. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the system maintains wide voltage range conversion, and simultaneously changes the resonance characteristic in real time in different voltage intervals, thereby maintaining better gain characteristic and soft switching characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy transmission, in particular to a dynamic construction method for resonance characteristics of a high-efficiency power converter.
Background
The characteristic optimization of the resonant network has great significance for high-density integration of the resonant power system and efficiency improvement of wireless power transmission. In the field of wireless charging, which is one of application scenarios, a certain resonant network is formed between coils (between a transmitting end and a receiving end) used for wireless power transmission, and a resonant state of the resonant network directly affects efficiency of energy transmission, so that a system may need to add some compensation networks to optimize characteristics of the system. Meanwhile, in the application scenario of new energy power generation, higher power density has become an important target, and for an isolated DC-DC converter, the most suitable topology is a resonant soft switching circuit represented by LLC, which has the advantage of realizing zero voltage turn-on (ZVS) and zero current turn-off (ZCS) of a main switching tube. However, the soft switching condition of resonant converters such as LLC also has certain limitations, which are often limited by the resonance characteristics, and it is not easy to completely realize soft switching in a wide voltage range (the specific reason is shown in fig. 1). Therefore, it is of practical significance to use an improved LLC resonant topology with a wide soft switching range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the resonant converter in the prior art cannot easily realize soft switching in a wider voltage range, and provides a dynamic construction method for the resonant characteristic of a high-efficiency power converter.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for high-efficiency power converter is provided, which comprises a resonance type power system consisting of a power switch unit, a resonance unit, a composite coil unit and a secondary side rectification unit which are connected in sequence, wherein the resonance units generate coupling in a mode of sharing part of resonance elements, the voltage and phase adjustment of the multiple energy/voltage sources is performed on one or more power switch cells, by changing the resonant coupling degree or the equivalent resonant cavity structure or the number of the combined resonant cavities, the target resonant curve is subjected to piecewise fitting, the real-time adjustment of the characteristic curve of the resonant network is realized by adopting different power switch unit control modes at different stages, so that the power switch unit transmits energy to the secondary side rectifying unit through the composite coil unit and then the energy is provided to a load through the secondary side rectifying unit.
The control types of the power switch unit comprise PWM signal duty ratio regulation, phase regulation and switching frequency regulation. The control mode of the power switch unit comprises a single control type or a combination of a plurality of control types in PWM signal duty ratio regulation, phase regulation and switching frequency regulation.
The voltage and phase adjustment of the multiple energy source/voltage sources to the power switch unit comprises the control of the switching frequency, the PWM duty ratio and the phase of the power switch unit, so that each resonance unit can respectively obtain input voltage signals with adjustable input voltage amplitude, pulse width, frequency and phase.
The resonant coupling between the power switch units is in the form of combined connection of the resonant units, sharing or nesting of the resonant units with each other, and adding an additional connection network. The type of additional connection network comprises an inductive, capacitive or resonant network. When only a single power conversion unit is provided, the resonance unit is in single-circuit resonance.
Furthermore, the power switch unit adopts a half-bridge, a full-bridge, a bridge cascade, a multi-level or composite bridge arm structure.
The resonance unit includes at least two resonance elements constructed by series-parallel combination.
The specific structure of the composite coil unit is a combination of one or more coils or antennas for wireless power transmission, or a combination of one or more transformers, or a combination of a transformer and a coil or antenna for wireless power transmission.
Compared with the prior art, the invention controls the switching frequency, the PWM duty ratio and the phase of the power switch to enable each resonance unit to respectively obtain input voltage signals with adjustable amplitude, pulse width, frequency and phase, because a plurality of resonance units share part or all resonance elements, under the condition of obtaining dynamic multi-source excitation, the whole coupling degree and coupling state can be dynamically adjusted along with the change of the input voltage signals, different resonance characteristics are dynamically simulated at different stages on the basis of adjustable coupling, thereby realizing the implementation method for dynamically changing the equivalent characteristics of the resonance network in different frequency ranges, and enabling the system to change in a wide voltage range and simultaneously change the resonance characteristics in different voltage intervals in real time, thereby maintaining better gain characteristics and soft switching characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation structure of a dynamic resonance characteristic construction method for a high-efficiency power converter in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary single resonator set implementation of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure for implementing a plurality of resonance groups according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a composite resonance group implemented by the method of the present invention in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-coupled structure of a composite resonance group according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of an input voltage signal with adjustable amplitude, pulse width, frequency and phase obtained by the resonance unit in the embodiment;
fig. 7 to 9 are voltage gain curves for implementing gain adjustment by changing duty ratio, working mode or equivalent circuit structure under the condition of adopting different specific routes in the embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a structure of an embodiment for reconstructing resonance characteristics;
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a timing control method of FIG. 10.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Examples
The invention relates to a dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for a high-efficiency power converter, which realizes real-time optimization of the resonance characteristics by dynamically adjusting the coupling degree of a plurality of resonance units, thereby supporting the performance optimization of a wireless power transmission system or a high-efficiency power conversion system. The implementation method has the specific effects that the resonance coupling degree can be changed through the conversion of the coupling degree of the double-input (or multi-input) composite resonance network, or the number of equivalent resonant cavity structures or combined resonant cavities is changed, and different resonance characteristics are dynamically simulated at different stages, so that the implementation method for dynamically changing the equivalent characteristics of the resonance network in different frequency ranges is realized, the system can maintain the conversion of a wide voltage range, and simultaneously, the resonance characteristics are changed in different voltage intervals in real time, and better gain characteristics and soft switching characteristics are maintained.
The technical scheme of the method provided by the invention can optimize the characteristics of the composite resonant network in real time, including but not limited to (1) the enhancement of the voltage or current regulation capacity; (2) dynamic optimization of resonant soft switching characteristics; (3) optimizing the resonance characteristics of the wireless power transmission network; and (4) multiobjective optimization combining some or all of the above objectives.
The implementation structure of the method of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises a power switch unit, a resonance unit, a composite coil unit and a secondary side rectification unit which are connected in sequence. The composite coil unit adopts a composite transformer unit or a composite wireless charging coil unit, namely, the composite coil unit comprises a wireless electric energy transmission coil or a transformer and other structures, and the voltage and phase of a plurality of energy sources/voltage sources are adjusted through the power switch unit, so that the real-time adjustment of the characteristic curve of the resonant network is realized. The power switch unit transmits energy to the secondary side rectifying unit through the composite coil unit, and the energy is provided for a load after passing through the secondary side rectifying unit.
Several embodiments of the resonant coupling method of the present invention are shown in fig. 2-5. The resonant cells are coupled by means of a common partial resonant element. In addition to the individual use of the four configurations shown in fig. 2-5, the common approach of the resonant elements of the present invention also includes the combination or nesting of the approaches of fig. 2-5.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, each of the resonant units is formed by combining a plurality of (> ═ 2) resonant elements in series and parallel, and common resonant unit structures include, but are not limited to, LC, LLC, LCC, CLC, CLLC, LCLC, CLCL, CLLLC, and the like. The resonant elements included in the resonant units of fig. 2-5 include, but are not limited to, inductors, capacitors, transformer windings, wireless power transfer coils, or combinations thereof.
The power switch units used in fig. 1 and fig. 2 to fig. 5 include, but are not limited to, half-bridge, full-bridge, bridge-cascade, multi-level or composite bridge arm configurations. The control method of the power switch unit includes but is not limited to PWM signal duty ratio adjustment, phase adjustment, switching frequency adjustment and complex modulation combining the above points. The power switch cells may also be multiplexed in different groups. And part or all of the components are shared or not shared among the power switch units.
The method of the invention controls the switching frequency, the PWM duty ratio and the phase of a power switching unit (including but not limited to MOSFET, IGBT or wide bandgap device, etc.), so that each resonance unit can respectively obtain an input voltage signal with adjustable input voltage amplitude, pulse width, frequency and phase (taking figure 6 as an example). Because a plurality of resonance units share part or all of the resonance elements, the overall coupling degree and coupling state can be dynamically adjusted along with the change of the input voltage signal under the condition of obtaining dynamic multi-source excitation. On the basis of the adjustable coupling, the optimization mode of the resonance characteristic curve includes, but is not limited to, several cases shown in fig. 7, fig. 8, or fig. 9, which are common adjustment modes in the art, and are not described herein in detail, and can be used for optimizing a wireless power transmission system or a high-efficiency power conversion system. It should be noted that the rising and falling trends and the curve shapes of the characteristic curves include, but are not limited to, the cases of fig. 7, fig. 8 or fig. 9. The implementations of fig. 7-9 are all implemented by variations in duty cycle, mode stage, or equivalent circuit structure, but with different specific routes. N (N ═ 2) voltage inputs can be obtained by combining with external structure regulation, and the switch unit can be not used. In the figure, N and the like are variables of 2 or less.
The input voltages may or may not be common ground, and may be converted by other power cells.
The single resonant coupling is a combined structure which is formed by two or more resonant units and can affect each other, so that the resonant characteristics can be changed along with multi-source excitation. In addition to being used alone, also includes being used in combination or nested with other structures/systems/circuits, such as with other non-resonant (or resonant but non-coupled) power conversion circuits or units. In the N sets of composite resonances, part of the composite resonances may be only a single power unit, and only a single-path resonance (non-composite resonance). Forms of resonant coupling include combined connection of resonant cells, sharing or nesting of resonant cells within each other, adding additional connection networks. The coupling connection encompasses the case of only a single power cell that is not combined. The type of additional connection network comprises an inductive, capacitive or resonant network.
In addition, by means of reasonable use of the power switch unit, the invention maintains smooth switching of soft switching characteristics and multiple operation modes in a wide voltage range through natural connection of voltage (or current) gain and voltage/current initial value of the resonant network while transforming the coupling degree of the dual-input (or multi-input) composite resonant network. This part changes the coupling degree of the resonance unit by the control (control of duty ratio, phase, frequency, or the like) of the power switching unit, thereby achieving the above-described effect.
Fig. 10 shows that an embodiment of the resonance characteristic reconstruction of the present invention is composed of switchable resonant networks, and can be replaced by a multi-path parallel composite resonant network capable of phase shifting or phase cutting. Different resonance characteristics can be dynamically simulated at different stages by varying the degree of coupling of the dual-input (or multi-input) composite resonant network.
S in FIG. 101tAnd S1bSwitch units, Snt and S, forming a first pathnbThe switch unit of the nth path is formed; l is1、C1Forms a first resonance unit with the transformer T, Ln、CnAnd the transformer T and the resonant unit of the nth path are formed. As can be seen from the figure, the multiple resonance units share the transformer T (or even share other resonance elements), and when the control timing of the 1-n switching units changes (or even a part of switches can be completely turned off), the generated resonance effects will be different, and finally the equivalent resonance characteristics (and gain characteristics) will be controllable.
Therefore, on the premise that the equivalent resonance characteristic is controllable, although the resonance parameter is not changeable, the system can fit the target resonance curve at different stages by adjusting the coupling degree, mainly referring to fitting at different stages (or frequency ranges or voltage ranges), including but not limited to different voltage gain intervals (i.e. different input voltage to output voltage ratio intervals), according to the target curve, with different coupling degrees. As for fig. 10, different power switch unit control time sequences are adopted in the present embodiment, and fig. 11 is a certain time sequence control mode, that is, the control and driving signals of each power switch unit are pulse-type PWM square waves, and different effects can be produced by changing the frequency, phase and duty ratio, and besides the control mode of fig. 11, other different control modes can be adopted, so as to implement different coupling degrees for fitting. The obtained characteristic curves are different due to different coupling degrees.
The equivalent resonance characteristic can be changed by changing the resonance coupling degree, the equivalent resonant cavity structure or the number of the combined resonant cavities, and the power switch unit can be controlled in real time to obtain the required equivalent characteristic under different conditions according to actual requirements. Because different resonance characteristics are suitable for different voltage regulation ranges and soft switching characteristics, the characteristics can be changed in real time according to conditions to better adapt to various conditions. Therefore, the implementation method for dynamically changing the equivalent characteristic of the resonant network in different frequency ranges can ensure that the system can change the resonant characteristic in real time in different voltage intervals while maintaining the wide voltage range conversion, thereby maintaining better gain characteristic and soft switching characteristic.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic construction method of resonance characteristic for high-efficiency power converter is characterized in that a resonance type power system composed of a power switch unit, a resonance unit, a composite coil unit and a secondary side rectification unit which are connected in sequence is provided, the resonance unit generates coupling in a mode of sharing part of resonance elements, under the condition of obtaining dynamic multi-source excitation, voltage and phase adjustment of a plurality of energy sources/voltage sources is carried out on one or a plurality of power switch units, segmented fitting is carried out on a target resonance curve by changing the resonance coupling degree or equivalent resonant cavity structure or the number of combined resonant cavities, namely, different power switch unit control modes are adopted at different stages to realize real-time adjustment of resonance network characteristic curve, so that the power switch units transmit energy to the secondary side rectification unit through the composite coil unit, and is provided to the load through the secondary side rectifying unit.
2. The dynamic building method of resonance characteristics for a high efficiency power converter according to claim 1, wherein the control types of the power switching unit include PWM signal duty cycle adjustment, phase adjustment and switching frequency adjustment.
3. The dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for a high efficiency power converter according to claim 2, wherein the control manner of the power switching unit includes a single control type or a combination of a plurality of control types among PWM signal duty ratio adjustment, phase adjustment and switching frequency adjustment.
4. The dynamic building method of resonance characteristics for high efficiency power converter according to claim 3, wherein the voltage and phase adjustment of the plurality of energy source/voltage sources to the power switch unit comprises controlling the switching frequency, PWM duty cycle and phase of the power switch unit, so that each of the plurality of resonant units obtains an input voltage signal with adjustable input voltage amplitude, pulse width, frequency and phase.
5. The dynamic building method of resonance characteristics for high efficiency power converter according to claim 2, wherein the form of resonance coupling between power switch cells includes combination connection of resonance cells, sharing or nesting of resonance cells, adding additional connection network.
6. The dynamic building method of resonance characteristics for a high efficiency power converter according to claim 5, characterized in that the type of said additional connection network comprises an inductive, capacitive or resonant network.
7. The dynamic resonant characteristic construction method for the high-efficiency power converter according to claim 3, wherein the power switch unit adopts a half-bridge, a full-bridge, a bridge cascade, a multi-level or a composite bridge arm structure.
8. The dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for a high efficiency power converter according to claim 5, wherein said resonance unit comprises at least two resonance elements combined in series-parallel.
9. The dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for high efficiency power converter according to claim 1, wherein the specific structure of the composite coil unit is a combination of one or more coils or antennas for wireless power transmission, or a combination of one or more transformers, or a combination of a transformer and a coil or antenna for wireless power transmission.
10. The dynamic construction method of resonance characteristics for high efficiency power converter according to claim 5, wherein when there is only a single power conversion unit, the resonance unit is single-path resonance.
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