CN113341580B - Coherent laser synthesis system - Google Patents

Coherent laser synthesis system Download PDF

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CN113341580B
CN113341580B CN202110502029.XA CN202110502029A CN113341580B CN 113341580 B CN113341580 B CN 113341580B CN 202110502029 A CN202110502029 A CN 202110502029A CN 113341580 B CN113341580 B CN 113341580B
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laser
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CN113341580A (en
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廖家莉
李洧
孙艳玲
王子豪
马琳
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Xidian University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/12—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by refraction only
    • G02B27/123—The splitting element being a lens or a system of lenses, including arrays and surfaces with refractive power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/106—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining a plurality of identical beams or images, e.g. image replication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0043—Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height

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Abstract

The invention discloses a coherent laser synthesis system, which comprises a laser source and a lens array, wherein the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are arranged according to a preset non-uniform-period non-uniform-space-density Fermat spiral array; the laser source is used for generating a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams meet the coherence condition, and the plurality of laser beams correspond to the plurality of lenses one to one; the lens is used for receiving the laser beams and collimating the laser beams, so that the laser beams emitted by the lens are coherently superposed in a far field to obtain a composite beam. According to the invention, the lenses are arranged according to the Fermat spiral array with non-uniform spatial density in non-equal period, so that the lens arrays are all arranged in a manner of compact center and sparse edge, and the side lobe intensity of coherent synthesis far field is weakened while the power ratio in the barrel of coherent synthesis far field is improved.

Description

Coherent laser synthesis system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coherent laser, and particularly relates to a coherent laser synthesis system.
Background
Continuously obtaining high-power and high-beam-quality laser output is always the target in the fields of national defense, industry and the like. The fiber laser has the advantages of high output beam quality, high power, compact structure and the like, but due to the factors such as nonlinear effect, thermal effect, unstable mode and the like, the output optical power or energy of a single fiber laser is limited.
In order to obtain laser with higher power and higher beam quality, it is necessary to obtain laser output with higher power and better beam quality by coherent combination of multiple paths of laser, and in the coherent combination technique of array fiber laser, the aperture filling manner of multiple paths of fiber laser is especially important. At present, the aperture filling array which is frequently used in the related art is a regular hexagonal array with equal period distribution, that is, a plurality of lenses are tiled and spliced in a plane according to the regular hexagonal arrangement mode.
However, the above-mentioned regular hexagonal array arrangement with equal period distribution can make the far-field output of the array laser coherent synthesis have side lobes which are easy to detect, i.e. the energy of the array laser is partially dispersed to the side lobes, which is not favorable for improving the energy ratio concentrated in the far-field main lobe range and reducing the quality of the laser beam.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a coherent laser synthesis system. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a coherent laser synthesis system, which comprises a laser source and a lens array; the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are arranged according to a preset non-uniform-period non-uniform-space-density Fermat spiral array; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser source is used for generating a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams meet the coherence condition, and the laser beams correspond to the lenses one by one;
the lens is used for receiving the laser beams and collimating the laser beams, so that the laser beams emitted by the lens are coherently superposed in a far field to obtain a composite beam.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined non-uniform periodic non-uniform spatial density fermat spiral array is:
Figure BDA0003056782170000021
ρnrepresenting the distance of the center of the nth lens from the center of the preset non-uniform periodic non-uniform spatial density Fermat spiral array,
Figure BDA0003056782170000022
angle representing the position of the n-th lens center with respect to the polar axis, constant beta1Controlling the angular displacement between two continuous lenses, and controlling the uniformity and concentration degree of the lenses in the preset unequal period non-uniform space density Fermat spiral array by s;
wherein N is 1, 2, …, N represents the number of lenses, s is s0+(n-1)Δs，s0Is an initial value of s, Δ s is a predetermined interval, β1＝1.618。
In an embodiment of the invention, the preset interval is 0.01-0.02.
In one embodiment of the invention, the laser source is a fiber laser.
In one embodiment of the invention, the lens array comprises 120-168 lenses.
In one embodiment of the invention, the lens array comprises 120 lenses, and the radius of each lens is 0.05 cm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the far field amplitude of the composite beam is:
Figure BDA0003056782170000031
wherein, UΣ(x1，y1) The complex amplitude distribution of the combined light beam on the emergent surface of the lens is shown, x1 and y1 are respectively an abscissa and an ordinate of the emergent surface, i is an imaginary number unit in a complex number, k is a wave vector constant, k is 2 pi/lambda, lambda represents the wavelength of the light wave emitted by the laser source, z represents the distance from a light field to a far field, and x and y are respectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the far field surface.
In one embodiment of the invention, the distance from which the light field is transmitted to the far field is:
Figure BDA0003056782170000032
wherein λ represents the wavelength of the light wave emitted by the laser source, D represents the equivalent aperture of the lens array, and z is the calculated distance from the optical field to the far field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a coherent laser synthesis system, which comprises a laser source and a lens array, wherein the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are arranged according to a preset non-uniform spatial density Fermat spiral array in a non-equal period; the laser source is used for generating a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams meet the coherence condition, and the plurality of laser beams correspond to the plurality of lenses one to one; the lens is used for receiving the laser beams and collimating the laser beams, so that the laser beams emitted by the lens are coherently superposed in a far field to obtain a composite beam. According to the invention, the lenses are arranged according to the Fermat spiral array with non-uniform spatial density in non-equal periods, so that the lens arrays are all arranged in a manner of compact center and sparse edge, and the side lobe intensity of a coherent synthesis far field is weakened while the power ratio in a barrel of the coherent synthesis far field is improved.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a related art regular hexagonal array of a medium period distribution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coherent laser combining system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a lens array in a coherent laser combining system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a lens array in a coherent laser combining system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens array in a coherent laser combining system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
At present, in the related art, the lens array is arranged, and the array fiber laser coherent synthesis technology is used to obtain laser with higher power and quality. In the coherent synthesis technology of array fiber lasers, the aperture filling mode of multi-path fiber lasers needs to be determined, and the regular hexagonal array with equal period distribution is the most commonly used tiled aperture filling array. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the lenses are tiled and spliced in a plane according to a regular hexagonal arrangement, so that each laser beam emitted by the lens is coherently combined in a far field, and a high-power and high-quality laser output is obtained in a far field plane specification bucket range (the specification bucket size generally takes a radius r of 1.22 λ/D, λ is the wavelength of the coherently combined beam, and D is the equivalent aperture of the hexagonal array).
However, in the course of research, the inventors found that when the coherent combined beam output in the far field is arranged in a regular hexagonal array with equal period distribution, there are side lobes which are easy to detect, that is, part of the energy of the coherent combined beam is dispersed to the side lobes, which is not favorable for improving the energy ratio concentrated in the far field main lobe range; meanwhile, when the number of lenses is increased to tens or even hundreds of orders of arrays, the arrangement of the regular hexagonal arrays also causes the duty ratio of the arrays to be reduced.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a coherent laser combining system.
As shown in fig. 2, a coherent laser combining system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a laser source 10 and a lens array 20; the lens array 20 comprises a plurality of lenses 201, and the lenses 201 are arranged according to a preset non-uniform periodic non-uniform spatial density Fermat spiral array; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser source is used for generating a plurality of laser beams 101, the laser beams 101 meet the coherence condition, and the plurality of laser beams 101 correspond to the plurality of lenses 201 one by one;
the lens 201 is configured to receive the plurality of laser beams 101 and collimate the plurality of laser beams 101, such that the laser beams 101 emitted from the lens 201 are coherently superimposed in a far field to obtain a composite beam 30.
In this embodiment, the coherent laser combining system 100 includes a laser source 10, and a plurality of sub-beams, i.e. laser beams 101, can be obtained by splitting the laser beam emitted from the laser source 10. It should be understood that the basic principle of the optical fiber coherent combining technology is to precisely control the optical paths of a plurality of laser beams 101 generated by the medium-power laser source 10, so that the laser beams 101 are mutually overlapped in a far-field target to obtain a high-power and high-quality single-mode laser output; the basic condition of coherent combination is that the laser beams 101 emitted by the laser source 10 satisfy the coherence condition, that is, the phases of the laser beams 101 are consistent, and the polarization directions and wavelengths are the same.
Optionally, the laser source 10 is a fiber laser. The optical fiber laser is a laser using rare earth element doped glass optical fiber as a gain medium, has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, compact structure, high reliability and the like, and is more favorable for realizing integration when a coherent laser synthesis system is manufactured by using the optical fiber laser.
Of course, other types of lasers, such as a solid-state laser or a semiconductor laser, may be selectively used as the laser source 10 in some other embodiments of the present application, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Further, since the laser beams 101 generated by the laser source 10 are the same in number and correspond to the lenses 201 in the lens array 20 one by one, each laser beam 101 is received by the lens 201 and collimated by the lens 201. Illustratively, the lenses 201 are collimating lenses, and the lens array 20 may be mounted on an aluminum lens holder and calibrated in advance by using an interferometer to reduce the angular deviation of the optical axis in each lens 201, thereby improving the collimation accuracy.
It should be noted that in some other embodiments of the present application, other types of lenses may be used for the lens 201 as long as the laser beam 201 can be collimated. In addition, fig. 2 only schematically shows the relative position relationship between the laser source 10 and the lens array 20, and the number of the laser beams 101 and the number of the lenses 201 in the lens array 20 are not intended to limit the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser array in a coherent laser combining system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the black dots are the centers of the lenses 201 in the lens array 20, and referring to fig. 2 to 3, in this embodiment, the plurality of lenses 201 are arranged according to a preset non-uniform spatial density fermat spiral array in an unequal period, so that the lens array 20 presents an arrangement manner with a compact center and sparse edges, and the side lobe intensity of the coherent synthesis far field is weakened while the power ratio in the bucket of the coherent synthesis far field is increased.
Optionally, the preset non-uniform period non-uniform spatial density fermat spiral array is:
Figure BDA0003056782170000061
ρnrepresents the distance of the center of the nth lens 201 from the center of the preset non-uniform periodic non-uniform spatial density fermat spiral array,
Figure BDA0003056782170000062
an angle representing the center of the nth lens 201 with respect to the polar axis position, constant β1Controlling the angular displacement between two continuous lenses 201, and controlling the uniformity and concentration degree of the lenses 201 in the preset non-uniform period non-uniform space density Fermat spiral array by s;
where N is 1, 2, …, N denotes the number of lenses 201, and s is s0+(n-1)Δs，s0Is an initial value of s, Δ s is a predetermined interval, β1＝1.618。
Referring to the above equation, the parameter s controls the uniformity and concentration of the array elements (i.e., the lens 201) in the fermat spiral array. Specifically, when the parameter s is constant, the fermat spiral array is a uniform spatial density spiral array, and when the parameter is non-constant, the fermat spiral array is a non-uniform spatial density spiral array. Exemplarily, s is set in the present embodiment0N-1 Δ s, where N is 1, 2, …, N indicates the number of lenses 201, s0Is the initial value of s, and Δ s is a preset interval, the value range of which isIs 0.01 to 0.02, for example,. DELTA.s-0.01, 0.015 or 0.02.
In the lens array 20, each lens 201 is actually a light-transmitting hole with a certain radius, the whole lens array 20 has a minimum circumcircle, in the region of the circumcircle, only the position of each lens 210 transmits light, the rest positions are all light-tight, and the ratio of the area of the light-transmitting hole to the area of the whole circumcircle is the duty ratio; the circumscribed circle is a circle having the smallest size, which includes all the lenses 201. It will be appreciated that the larger the duty cycle of the non-uniform spatial density spiral array currently employed, the better the quality of the composite beam.
Fig. 4 and fig. 5 are schematic structural diagrams of a lens array in a coherent laser combining system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Note that the black dot in fig. 4 and 5 is the center of each lens 201 in the lens array 20. Referring to the lens arrays shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, Δ s is 0.01, 0.15 and 0.02, respectively. It can be seen that as Δ s increases, the concentration of the center of the lens array 10 increases, and the duty ratio of the central area of the lens array 10 is increased. Obviously, the range of delta s is set to be 0.01-0.02, and although the duty ratio is reduced slightly, a good foundation can be provided for subsequent application of laser coherent synthesis and improvement of the power ratio in a far-field barrel, so that the quality of a synthesized light beam is further improved.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, only the case where the parameter s is an arithmetic progression is described as an example, and in some other embodiments of the present application, the parameter s may be taken as a value in other manners. In addition, when s is equal to s0When the value is + (n-1) Δ s, the preset interval Δ s can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions.
Optionally, the lens array 20 includes 120 to 168 lenses 201, for example, the number of lenses in the lens array 20 is 120, and the radius of each lens 201 is 0.05 cm. It should be understood that the larger the number of the lenses 201, the more beneficial the obtained high quality composite beam, but at the same time, the difficulty of manufacturing the coherent laser combining system is increased, and the production cost is increased; too few lenses 201 result in a composite beam with lower energy and side lobes that are more pronounced than the main lobe. The number of the lenses 201 is set to be 120-168, so that the quality of the combined light beam can be improved, the manufacturing cost of a coherent laser combining system can be reduced, and the combining effect can be improved.
In addition, the size of the lens 201 in the present embodiment should be flexibly set according to actual needs. Generally, the radius of the lens 201 may be in the order of millimeters or centimeters, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the far field amplitude of the combined beam is:
Figure BDA0003056782170000081
wherein, UΣ(x1，y1) The complex amplitude distribution of the composite beam on the lens exit surface is shown, x1 and y1 are respectively an abscissa and an ordinate of the exit surface, i is an imaginary unit in a complex number, k is a wave vector constant, k is 2 pi/lambda, lambda represents the wavelength of the light wave emitted by the laser source, z represents the distance from the light field to the far field, and x and y are respectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the far field surface.
In this embodiment, the distance from the light field to the far field is:
Figure BDA0003056782170000082
wherein, λ represents the wavelength of the light wave emitted by the laser source, D represents the equivalent aperture of the lens array, and z is the distance from the calculated light field to the far field. For a lens array 20, the equivalent aperture is actually the diameter of the circumscribed circle, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle is uniquely determined, and only when the number or size of the lenses 201 is changed, the size of the lens array 20 is changed accordingly. As shown in the above equation, the larger the circumscribed circle diameter D of the lens array 20, the larger the distance from the light field to the far field, whereas the smaller the circumscribed circle diameter D of the lens array 20, the smaller the distance from the light field to the far field.
It should be understood that a canonical bin is a predetermined area on the far-field plane, and the light field in this predetermined area is the main lobe of the spot, and the power in the bin power ratio (PIB) is the ratio of the energy in the far-field canonical bin range to the total energy of the far-field receiving surface, PIB < 1. Alternatively, the commonly used canonical buckets are 0.53 λ z/D, 1.22 λ z/D, 2.23 λ z/D, 3.24 λ z/D, etc., and the larger the circumscribed circle diameter D of the lens array 20 and the larger the PIB, the more energy of the far-field light field energy distribution in the canonical bucket is, and the better the quality of the synthesized beam is.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that:
the invention provides a coherent laser synthesis system, which comprises a laser source and a lens array, wherein the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are arranged according to a preset non-uniform-period non-uniform-space-density Fermat spiral array; the laser source is used for generating a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams meet the coherence condition, and the plurality of laser beams correspond to the plurality of lenses one to one; the lens is used for receiving the laser beams and collimating the laser beams, so that the laser beams emitted by the lens are coherently superposed in a far field to obtain a composite beam. According to the invention, the lenses are arranged according to the Fermat spiral array with non-uniform spatial density in non-equal period, so that the lens arrays are all arranged in a manner of compact center and sparse edge, and the side lobe intensity of coherent synthesis far field is weakened while the power ratio in the barrel of coherent synthesis far field is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
While the present application has been described in connection with various embodiments, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed application, from a review of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the word "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

Claims (8)

1. A coherent laser synthesis system comprising a laser source and a lens array; the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are arranged according to a preset non-uniform period non-uniform space density Fermat spiral array; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser source is used for generating a plurality of laser beams, the laser beams meet the coherence condition, and the laser beams correspond to the lenses one by one;
the lens is used for receiving the laser beams and collimating the laser beams, so that the laser beams emitted by the lens are coherently superposed in a far field to obtain a composite beam.
2. The coherent laser combining system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined non-uniform periodic non-uniform spatial density fermat spiral array is:
Figure FDA0003056782160000011
ρnrepresenting the distance of the center of the nth lens from the center of the preset non-uniform periodic non-uniform spatial density Fermat spiral array,
Figure FDA0003056782160000012
angle representing the position of the n-th lens center with respect to the polar axis, constant beta1Controlling the angular displacement between two continuous lenses, and controlling the uniformity and concentration degree of the lenses in the preset unequal period non-uniform space density Fermat spiral array by s;
wherein N is 1, 2, …, N represents the number of lenses, s is s0+(n-1)Δs，s0Is an initial value of s, Δ s is a predetermined interval, β1＝1.618。
3. The coherent laser combination system of claim 2, wherein the predetermined interval is 0.01-0.02.
4. The coherent laser combining system of claim 1, wherein the laser source is a fiber laser.
5. The coherent laser combining system of claim 4, wherein the lens array comprises 120-168 lenses.
6. The coherent laser combining system of claim 5, wherein the lens array comprises 120 lenses, each lens having a radius of 0.05 cm.
7. The coherent laser combining system of claim 1, wherein the far field amplitude of the combined beam is:
Figure FDA0003056782160000021
wherein, UΣ(x1，y1) The complex amplitude distribution of the combined light beam on the lens emergent surface is shown, x1 and y1 are respectively an abscissa and an ordinate of the emergent surface, i is an imaginary number unit in a complex number, k is a wave vector constant, k is 2 pi/lambda, lambda represents the wavelength of the light wave emitted by the laser source, z represents the distance from the light field to the far field, and x and y are respectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the far field surface.
8. The coherent laser combining system of claim 7, wherein the optical field is transmitted to the far field at a distance of:
Figure FDA0003056782160000022
wherein λ represents the wavelength of the light wave emitted by the laser source, D represents the equivalent aperture of the lens array, and z is the calculated distance from the optical field to the far field.
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