CN113338665B - Cooling tower dismantling method - Google Patents
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- CN113338665B CN113338665B CN202110649561.4A CN202110649561A CN113338665B CN 113338665 B CN113338665 B CN 113338665B CN 202110649561 A CN202110649561 A CN 202110649561A CN 113338665 B CN113338665 B CN 113338665B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention provides a cooling tower dismantling method, which comprises the steps of establishing a cooling tower model according to a cooling tower to be dismantled; carrying out finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model to obtain a preset incision stabilizing angle and a preset incision collapsing angle; integrating a construction safety coefficient according to a preset incision stabilizing angle and a preset incision collapsing angle to obtain a target incision stabilizing angle and a target incision collapsing angle; determining a target dumping direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled according to the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled; determining a starting point according to the target dumping direction, and synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses; and cleaning the site where the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses. The method for dismantling the cooling tower has the advantages of short construction time, small potential safety hazard, small vibration and noise generated when the cooling tower is dismantled by using a mechanical tool, small required field range and small interference on peripheral facilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cooling tower dismantling, and particularly relates to a cooling tower dismantling method.
Background
With the rapid development of urban modern construction, the re-planning and utilization of the industrial factory land in the city is imperative, wherein the moving of the thermal power plant from the city center to the suburb is a key difficulty in urban planning and development. The cooling tower area of steam power plant is big, the building height is high, the mode of adopting blasting or artifical demolition among the prior art carries out the work of demolising of cooling tower, the blasting is demolishd and is required greatly to the field scope, the noise that produces during the blasting, flyrock and vibrations exist the influence of certain degree to peripheral facility, the peripheral building of industrial plant area is comparatively intensive usually in the urban area, be unfavorable for blasting operation, and the mode progress that adopts artifical demolishment is slow, the construction cycle is long, and high altitude construction has the potential safety hazard, no matter adopt the blasting to demolish or adopt the mode of artifical demolishment can not satisfy simultaneously that the influence is little to peripheral facility, the requirement that construction cycle is short.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a cooling tower dismantling method, aiming at meeting the requirements of small influence on peripheral facilities and short construction period when a cooling tower is dismantled.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the cooling tower dismantling method comprises the following steps:
establishing a cooling tower model according to a cooling tower to be dismantled;
carrying out finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model to obtain a preset notch stable angle and a preset notch collapse angle, wherein when the angle of a crushing notch is within the preset notch stable angle, the cooling tower model is in a stable state, when the angle of the crushing notch reaches the preset notch stable angle, the cooling tower model begins to generate a deformation trend, and when the angle of the crushing notch reaches the preset notch collapse angle, the cooling tower model begins to collapse;
according to the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapsing angle, integrating a construction safety coefficient to obtain a target incision stabilizing angle and a target incision collapsing angle;
determining a target dumping direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled according to the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled;
determining a starting point according to the target dumping direction, and respectively and synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool according to the target notch stabilizing angle and the target notch collapsing angle until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses;
and cleaning the collapsed site of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
In a possible implementation manner, the step of obtaining a preset notch stabilizing angle and a preset notch collapsing angle by performing finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model specifically includes:
and according to the three-dimensional characteristics of the cooling tower model, carrying out integral buckling stability analysis on the cooling tower model to obtain the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapse angle.
In a possible implementation manner, the step of performing the overall buckling stability analysis on the cooling tower model adopts a linear stability analysis method.
In a possible implementation manner, the step of performing finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model to obtain a preset notch stabilizing angle and a preset notch collapsing angle further includes:
and analyzing the affected area of the collapsed cooling tower model by adopting an explicit dynamic analysis method according to the three-dimensional characteristics of the cooling tower model.
In a possible implementation manner, the step of synchronously crushing, by using a mechanical crushing tool, two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled respectively until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses specifically includes:
a concentrated crushing stage, starting from the starting point, synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point respectively along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the angle of the crushing notch reaches the target notch stable angle;
a symmetrical crushing stage, namely, on the basis of the concentrated crushing stage, synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using a mechanical crushing tool until the angle of the crushing cut reaches the target cut collapse angle;
and in the falling crushing stage, on the basis of the symmetrical crushing stage, respectively and synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses.
In one possible implementation manner, in the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using the mechanical crushing tool,
the end face of the crushing cut, which is adjacent to the bottom of the cooling tower to be dismantled, is horizontal, and the end face of the crushing cut, which is adjacent to the top of the cooling tower to be dismantled, symmetrically decreases from the starting point to two sides.
In a possible implementation manner, before the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using the mechanical crushing tool, the method comprises the following steps:
marking the shape outline of the crushing cut on the outer wall of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
In a possible implementation manner, before the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using the mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses, the method includes the following steps:
and carrying out accounting on the collapse vibration speed of the cooling tower to be dismantled, wherein the accounting formula is as follows:
In a possible implementation manner, before the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using the mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses, the method includes the following steps: and carrying out safety evaluation on the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
In one possible implementation, before the step of establishing the cooling tower model according to the cooling tower to be dismantled, the following steps are included: and carrying out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower to be dismantled.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme shown in the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the cooling tower dismantling method provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapse angle after the finite element analysis is carried out on the cooling tower model, the broken incision during the later construction is constructed according to the result of the finite element analysis, and the construction process is controllable; the analysis result is integrated into the corresponding construction safety coefficient to obtain a target cut stabilizing angle and a target cut collapse angle, the construction safety coefficient is set, the construction risk is reduced, and the construction safety is improved; the cooling tower is dismantled by the mechanical crushing tool, the cooling tower to be dismantled is directionally toppled along the target toppling direction, and compared with manual dismantling, the mechanical crushing tool is short in construction time and small in potential safety hazard.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cooling tower demolition method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a broken cut in a method for removing a cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cooling tower in the method for removing the cooling tower according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the cooling tower in a method of removing the cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a cooling tower removal process in a cooling tower removal method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 001. the cooling tower is to be dismantled; 002. crushing the cut; 003. a cooling tower; 004. a railway; 005. a railroad bridge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for dismantling a cooling tower, including the following steps:
and S100, establishing a cooling tower model according to the cooling tower to be dismantled.
The cooling tower model can be established through data obtained after detection and measurement of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled, and can also be established according to a building construction drawing of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled.
S200, finite element analysis is carried out according to the cooling tower model to obtain a preset incision stabilizing angle and a preset incision collapse angle, when the angle of the crushing incision is within the preset incision stabilizing angle, the cooling tower model is in a stable state, when the angle of the crushing incision reaches the preset incision stabilizing angle, the cooling tower model begins to generate a deformation trend, and when the angle of the crushing incision reaches the preset incision collapse angle, the cooling tower model begins to collapse.
During construction, the construction progress is contrasted with the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapse angle, the state of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled can be presumed, and the construction risk is conveniently controlled.
S300, integrating the construction safety factor according to the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapse angle to obtain a target incision stabilizing angle and a target incision collapse angle.
Considering the modularization of software calculation, the practical situation can not be simulated by 100%, starting from the perspective of construction safety, corresponding construction safety factors are respectively merged into a preset incision stabilizing angle and a preset incision collapse angle to obtain a target incision stabilizing angle and a target incision collapse angle, and the numerical value of the target incision stabilizing angle is smaller than or equal to the preset incision stabilizing angle through increasing the construction safety factors, so that the phenomenon that deformation begins to occur when the preset incision stabilizing angle is not reached in the actual dismantling process of the cooling tower can be avoided, the phenomenon that collapse begins to occur when the preset incision collapse angle is not reached in the actual dismantling process of the cooling tower can be avoided, and the construction safety is improved.
It can be understood that the numerical value of the construction safety factor can be determined according to the actual construction condition, and different target cut stabilizing angles and target cut collapse angles are correspondingly calculated by changing the numerical value of the construction safety factor. For example, when the calculated preset incision stabilizing angle is 75 degrees and the calculated preset incision collapse angle is 90 degrees, the corresponding construction safety factor is merged, the obtained target incision stabilizing angle is 50 degrees and the target incision collapse angle is 80 degrees, the cooling tower is prevented from deforming or collapsing in advance, and the safety of the construction process is ensured.
S400, determining the target dumping direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled according to the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
In actual construction, the target tilt direction of the cooling tower 001 to be removed is determined according to the surrounding environment of the cooling tower, and when the target tilt direction is determined, the tilt direction of the cooling tower 001 to be removed should be as far away from surrounding important buildings as possible, so that the influence of vibration and noise on the surrounding important buildings during construction is as small as possible.
S500, determining a starting point according to the target dumping direction, and synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool according to the target notch stabilizing angle and the target notch collapsing angle until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses.
Adopt the broken notched construction of mechanical crushing instrument, safe and reliable, and wait to demolish the cooling tower and form the back at broken incision, can realize folding earlier and put later and empty, the cooling tower influence scope is little after collapsing. By adopting a construction method of mechanically breaking the notch and directionally folding and dumping, on the premise of ensuring the safety and environmental protection of peripheral railway equipment and buildings, the cooling tower is directionally dismantled, and the smooth completion of the progress target of the engineering project is ensured. Specifically, the mechanical crushing instrument in this embodiment can adopt long arm formula quartering hammer, and long arm formula quartering hammer treats the tower wall of demolising cooling tower 001 and carries out the breakage to form broken incision 002, in this embodiment, adopt long arm formula quartering hammer to be convenient for treat the tower wall of demolising cooling tower 001 and carry out the breakage, crushing efficiency is high, and long arm formula quartering hammer with treat demolish cooling tower 001 distance far away, the construction is safer. Of course, other mechanical tools for demolition, such as hydraulic shears, excavators, etc., may be used during actual construction.
S600, cleaning the site where the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses.
And transporting the collapsed cooling tower to a construction waste disposal station by using a transport means such as a waste transfer vehicle or a truck.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme shown in the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the cooling tower dismantling method provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapse angle after the finite element analysis is carried out on the cooling tower model, the broken incision 002 during the later construction is constructed according to the result of the finite element analysis, and the construction process is controllable; the analysis result is integrated into a corresponding construction safety coefficient to obtain a target cut stabilizing angle and a target cut collapse angle, the construction safety coefficient is set to reduce the construction risk and improve the construction safety; adopt mechanical crushing tool to demolish the cooling tower, make and wait to demolish cooling tower 001 and topple over along the target direction of toppling over directionally, compare with manual work demolishs, mechanical crushing tool engineering time is short, and the potential safety hazard is little, compares with the mode that the blasting was demolishd, and the vibration, the noise that produce when utilizing mechanical tool to demolish are little, and required place scope is little, and the interference to peripheral facility is little.
The cooling tower dismantling method is used for dismantling the cooling tower of the thermal power plant, is particularly suitable for dismantling the cooling tower under the condition that the cooling tower is adjacent to the surrounding environment such as high-speed railways, passenger dedicated line railways and ordinary speed railways and has reference value for dismantling buildings and high-rise structures adjacent to the railways. The construction method has the advantages of small required field range during construction, short construction period and small influence on peripheral facilities, and solves the problem that the construction method of blasting demolition or manual demolition cannot meet construction conditions due to the limitation of peripheral environments and the restriction of project progress.
In some possible embodiments, the step S200 of performing finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model to obtain the preset notch stabilizing angle and the preset notch collapsing angle specifically includes: and analyzing the integral buckling stability of the cooling tower model according to the three-dimensional characteristics of the cooling tower model to obtain a preset notch stable angle and a preset notch collapse angle.
In the embodiment, the cooling tower model is analyzed through the finite element analysis software, so that the opening range from the stable state to the opening range from the deformation beginning to the final collapse of the cooling tower along with the gradual increase of the opening range is obtained, the result of the finite element analysis can be referred to during actual construction, and the construction progress can be conveniently controlled.
In some possible embodiments, the step of performing an overall buckling stability analysis on the cooling tower model employs a linear stability analysis method. During finite element analysis, a conventional modeling mode of ANSYS, namely a modeling mode of BEAM188 (BEAM element) + SHELL63 (SHELL element) can be selected, the center of a first pair of pillars in a cooling tower model is 0 DEG to serve as a starting position, after the removal height is determined, a plurality of SHELL elements on the cooling tower model at the height are deleted in a left-right symmetry mode, the influence of different opening ranges on the cooling tower model can be simulated, and in the embodiment, the removal height is an elevation 11m-12m.
In some possible embodiments, the step of performing finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model in S200 to obtain the preset notch stabilizing angle and the preset notch collapsing angle further includes: and analyzing the affected area of the collapsed cooling tower model by adopting an explicit dynamic analysis method according to the three-dimensional characteristics of the cooling tower model. For the display dynamic analysis, ANSYS modeling software can be used for analysis, and the influence area after the cooling tower model collapses is analyzed in a conventional modeling mode, namely a B31 (beam unit) + S4RSW (shell unit) modeling mode, so as to be used as a reference in the subsequent construction.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the finite element analysis software is not limited, and the cooling tower model is analyzed by using the finite element analysis software, which may be ANSYS software or ABAQUS (ABaqus soil interaction analysis) software.
In some possible embodiments, the step S500 of synchronously crushing, by using a mechanical crushing tool, both sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses specifically includes: and in the concentrated crushing stage, starting from the initial point, synchronously crushing the two sides of the initial point respectively along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the angle of the crushing notch reaches the target notch stable angle. And in the symmetrical crushing stage, on the basis of the concentrated crushing stage, synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point respectively along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the angle of the crushing notch reaches the target notch collapse angle. And in the falling crushing stage, on the basis of the symmetrical crushing stage, synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point respectively along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismounted by using a mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismounted collapses.
When the cooling tower around the railway is demolished and constructed, the time of the railway skylight is combined for construction, the demolishing and crushing process is divided into three process stages, namely a concentrated crushing stage, a symmetrical crushing stage and a falling crushing stage, specific construction schemes can be conveniently formulated according to different process stages, the construction flow is optimized, the smooth construction is ensured, the demolishing construction is completed within the time of the railway skylight, and the normal operation of the railway is not influenced.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the crushing and dismantling process of the cooling tower is divided into a concentrated crushing stage, a symmetrical crushing stage and a falling crushing stage, and two mechanical crushing tools are respectively used for synchronously crushing along the tower body of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled from opposite directions with reference to the target notch stabilizing angle and the target notch collapsing angle in S300.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, when the angle of the broken notch 002 is within the stable angle range of the target notch, the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is in a stable state, and cannot topple over, and at this time, the construction risk is low, and some measures can be taken to accelerate the construction progress, for example, the breaking frequency of a mechanical breaking tool is accelerated, and the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is close to the way of carrying out breaking construction, so as to accelerate the construction progress.
After the angle of the broken incision 002 exceeds the target incision stabilizing angle, the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled begins to deform, and if the construction is carried out in a close range, the safety risk is high, and the cooling tower is required to be far away for breaking.
When the angle of the broken notch 002 exceeds the target notch collapse angle, the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled may collapse at any time, at this time, the mechanical breaking tool should be far away from the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled as far as possible, the moving direction of the mechanical breaking tool moves along the radial direction of the cooling tower during breaking, the breaking speed is slowed down, an observer observes the condition of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled at any time, and when the constructor hears an evacuation signal issued by the observer, the mechanical breaking tool is operated to evacuate along the radial direction of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled rapidly. By calculating the target notch stabilizing angle and the target notch collapse angle in advance, the construction progress is accelerated on the premise of ensuring the construction safety.
In some possible embodiments, before the centralized crushing stage, an initial crushing opening is crushed in advance at the initial point position, so that two subsequent long-arm type crushing hammers are constructed according to the initial crushing opening.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in some possible embodiments, in the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be removed by using a mechanical crushing tool, the end surface of the crushing notch adjacent to the bottom of the cooling tower to be removed is horizontal, and the end surface of the crushing notch adjacent to the top of the cooling tower to be removed symmetrically decreases from the starting point to the two sides.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the height of the crushing notch 002 is gradually reduced from the middle portion to both sides, from the perspective of practical construction, since the mechanical crushing tool itself has a certain shape and size, the height of the crushing notch 002 cannot be infinitely reduced to be close to 0, therefore, in the present embodiment, the height of the crushing notch 002 is gradually reduced in the centralized crushing stage and the symmetrical crushing stage, and after the laying-down crushing stage is reached, the height of the crushing notch 002 is maintained unchanged until the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled collapses.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, in this embodiment, when the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is broken, the height position of the broken notch 002 is close to the ground, because the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is in a hyperbolic shape, and the diameter of the lower half portion is gradually reduced from bottom to top, in this embodiment, the end surface of the broken notch 002, which is close to the top of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled, is in a symmetrically decreasing trend from the starting point to both sides, so that when the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled collapses and deforms, the tower walls on both sides symmetrical to the broken notch 002 are folded inwards first, the diameter of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is reduced along the direction of falling after being folded, then the whole tower body falls along the target direction of falling, and the influence range is small after the folded cooling tower 001 to be dismantled collapses.
In the embodiment, a mechanical crushing tool is adopted for crushing the incision 002, so that the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is firstly folded inwards and then toppled when being collapsed, and the influence range after collapse is reduced. In the embodiment, the cooling tower is directionally dismantled by adopting a mechanical notch breaking and directional folding and dumping mode on the premise of ensuring the safety and environmental protection of peripheral railway equipment and buildings, so that the progress target of the engineering project is smoothly completed.
In some possible embodiments, before the step of simultaneously crushing the two sides of the starting point in the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by means of the mechanical crushing tool, respectively, the following steps are included: the outer wall of the cooling tower to be dismantled is marked with the contour of the shape of the crushing cut.
After the target dumping direction and the starting point of the cooling tower to be dismantled are determined, the shape outline of the crushing cut is marked on the outer wall of the cooling tower to be dismantled, and due to the arrangement, an operator can conveniently dismantle the cooling tower according to the mark during construction. Specifically, the mark can be formed by spraying red pigment on the outer wall of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled, and during night construction, fluorescent pigment can be sprayed on the outer wall of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled.
In some possible embodiments, before the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using the mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses, the method comprises the following steps: and (4) accounting the collapse vibration speed of the cooling tower to be dismantled to obtain an accounting result.
When the collapse vibration speed of the cooling tower to be dismantled is calculated, the calculation can be started after a required related calculation numerical value is obtained, in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation result, the finite element analysis can also be carried out on the cooling tower model, and the collapse vibration speed of the cooling tower to be dismantled is calculated according to related data such as mass, gravity center and the like when the cooling tower model is established and a finite element analysis result such as the position distance of a collapse point, so that the calculation result is more reliable. And according to relevant regulations and standards, the landslide vibration safety allowable standard is calculated by referring to the blasting vibration safety allowable standard in China, and the calculation result is compared with a specified numerical value to determine whether the demolition method meets the specification. The accounting formula is
v t the slump vibration velocity is given in cm/s, M is the mass of the falling member, t, g is the acceleration of gravity, M/s 2 H is the height of the gravity center of the component, the unit is m, sigma is the destruction strength of the ground medium, the unit is MPa, R is the distance from the measuring point to the center of the tower body impacting the ground vibration source, and the unit is m, K t Beta is an index for the damping coefficient of the slump vibration velocity.
In some possible embodiments, before the step of crushing the two sides of the starting point respectively in the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using the mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses, the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out safety evaluation on the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
In order to make the evaluation result more reliable, the safety evaluation of the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled can be performed after finite element analysis is performed on the cooling tower model, and the evaluation can be performed by referring to the finite element analysis result, such as the influence range after the cooling tower collapses. Stratum movement and deformation can be caused during the construction of the cooling tower dismantling project, and the safety evaluation of the surrounding environment can reduce the construction risk and prevent peripheral facilities from being influenced by construction. Specifically, in the embodiment, a method of combining theoretical calculation and a finite element model is adopted to carry out numerical simulation calculation, quantitative safety evaluation is carried out by contrasting evaluation standards, and software is mature large geotechnical engineering general software Midas GTS-NX.
In some possible embodiments, before the step of modeling the cooling tower according to the cooling tower to be dismantled, the following steps are included: and carrying out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower to be dismantled.
Before demolishing construction, structural safety detection and identification are carried out on the cooling tower 001 to be demolished, or a professional organization is entrusted to carry out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower 001 to be demolished, and a detection and identification report is issued after comprehensive processing and analysis are carried out on site detection data and is used as one of the bases for feasibility of the construction process. The detection content comprises the following steps: according to a completion drawing, different representative components such as a ring foundation, a herringbone column, a support column ring beam, a tower wall and the like are respectively selected to detect in four regions of east, south, west and north of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled. The detection method and means comprise: checking the appearance shape of the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled, detecting the size of the component, detecting the concrete strength of the component, detecting the concrete carbonization depth of the component, detecting the thickness of a steel bar protection layer of the component, detecting the number and the diameter of steel bars of the component and the like. The main instruments used for detection are: a ZBL-S201 type digital display concrete resiliometer, a ZBL-R630 type steel bar scanner, a concrete carbonization depth measuring instrument, a box ruler and a steel tape.
In some possible embodiments, before the step of synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using a mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses, a vibration monitoring instrument is arranged near the construction area to acquire the vibration value of the cooling tower to be dismantled after the cooling tower collapses.
Before dismantling construction, aiming at risk factors under the special construction process of mechanical breaking cut and directional folding and dumping, the embodiment of the invention adopts four measures of carrying out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower to be dismantled, carrying out finite element analysis on a cooling tower model, carrying out accounting on the collapse vibration speed and carrying out safety evaluation on the surrounding environment, can ensure the feasibility and the safety of scheme implementation, and can reduce the construction risk to the maximum extent. The method comprises the steps of determining construction parameters such as the height of a crushing cut, the opening angle of the crushing cut in each construction stage, the angle of the crushing cut in a dumping critical state and the like by two technological measure schemes of carrying out structural safety detection and identification on a cooling tower to be dismantled and finite element analysis on a cooling tower model, and ensuring the feasibility and the safety of the process by two technological measure schemes of carrying out accounting on the collapse vibration speed and carrying out safety evaluation on the surrounding environment.
After finite element analysis is carried out on the cooling tower model, according to the finite element analysis result, such as the influence range after the cooling tower collapses, related monitoring instruments are arranged near the construction area to realize railway settlement monitoring and vibration monitoring, in-time summary analysis of monitoring data is ensured, and the actual effect of the process is verified through two process measure schemes of railway settlement monitoring and vibration monitoring
It should be noted that, when the steps of performing the safety evaluation on the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled, arranging the vibration monitoring instrument near the construction area, and calculating the collapse vibration speed of the cooling tower to be dismantled are implemented, the order of the steps does not affect the technical effect of the embodiment of the present invention, and the steps may be performed simultaneously or sequentially, and are not required in the embodiment of the present invention.
In some possible embodiments, before the simultaneous crushing of both sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower 001 to be removed by using the mechanical crushing tool, some safety measures are taken, which specifically include:
(1) The construction area is totally closed all around, and during the construction period, a specially-assigned person is arranged to patrol and watch the isolation area, and non-construction personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the isolation area.
(2) And a striking warning sign and a warning line are arranged on a construction site, and a special person is assigned to take a warning measure.
(3) The construction is organized strictly according to the approved construction scheme. The construction is strictly carried out according to the safety protocol signed with each equipment management unit and the defined boundary, and the construction range is strictly prohibited to be expanded privately.
(4) When the construction area is close to the railway, signing a construction coordination protocol with an equipment management unit, and after the dismantling construction is finished, entrusting the equipment management unit to check the line equipment.
(5) When the construction area is close to the railway, all machinery, tools and materials can not invade the railway traffic clearance when constructing on the railway business line and the vicinity thereof.
(6) The construction site must be uniformly directed by a responsible person, and the dismantling method and procedure are strictly followed.
(7) The crushing construction is uniformly commanded by experienced professional observers, and the observers and operators of the equipment and machinery dismantling tools are in real-time contact by using an interphone.
(8) And performing technical background and safety education on field constructors, and operating according to operation rules strictly.
(9) And the position and the length of the notch are marked by red paint before construction, so that construction control is facilitated.
(10) And in the construction preparation stage, paving 1m thick plain soil on the ground in the dumping range and the outward extending range of the cooling tower as a vibration reduction measure.
(11) The dumping direction of the cooling tower is the direction of flying stones, the on-site flying stone area is equipment such as factory buildings in a factory area, and important equipment is protected by erecting a steel pipe color steel plate protective wall. When the construction is dismantled, personnel and mechanical equipment are evacuated from the flying stone warning area.
(12) The night construction is provided with lighting facilities meeting the construction requirements, and the lighting covers all construction areas.
In some possible embodiments, when the cooling tower 001 to be dismantled is broken, environmental protection and energy saving measures should be taken, which specifically include:
(1) And (4) adopting a steel plate with the height not less than 1.8m to enclose and block the construction site, and setting a warning sign on the construction site.
(2) Set up carwash pond and car washer at the construction site access & exit, the vehicle is whole to be washd when going out the scene, makes the vehicle that goes out the building site not take earth.
(3) Before dismantling, the tower body and the ground in the dumping range are sprayed with water in advance for wetting, and dust suppression treatment is carried out.
(4) The garbage clearing is carried out by a transport unit with the qualification of garbage transport, the garbage is not dumped randomly, the speed limit is set for the vehicle transport and the site, and then a specially assigned person is dispatched to regularly spray water and clean the construction road.
(5) Gasoline and high-quality diesel oil which meet national regulations are used as fuel, and the exhaust emission meets the requirements of the emission standard of the third stage and above, so that the air pollution is reduced.
(6) The using quantity of machines is strictly controlled on a construction site, and the using quantity of mechanical equipment meets the national III and above standard of discharge.
In some possible embodiments, the demolition work is completed at the time of a railroad skylight when the construction site is close to the railroad.
On the basis of the above-described embodiments, a specific embodiment will be described below.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a plan view of a location of a cooling tower 003 to be dismantled in a city, wherein the total height of the cooling tower 003 is 85m, the north side of the cooling tower 003 is adjacent to a railway 004 and a railway bridge 005, and the outer edge of the foundation of the cooling tower 003 is closest to the railway 004 by a projection distance of 16m. The height of a construction position from the railroad bridge 005 is 21m, the horizontal distance from the cooling tower 003 to the railroad bridge 005 is 24m, and the influence of the dismantling of the cooling tower 003 on the railroad 004 and the railroad bridge 005 needs to be considered.
Referring to fig. 5, the dismantling of the cooling tower 003 includes the following steps:
step one, carrying out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower to be dismantled, and establishing a cooling tower model by taking a detection result as a reference.
And step two, carrying out finite element analysis on the cooling tower model. The preset incision stabilizing angle is 75 degrees, the preset incision collapse angle is 90 degrees, after the corresponding safety factor is blended, the target incision stabilizing angle is determined to be 50 degrees, the target incision collapse angle is 90 degrees, namely, when the incision angle is smaller than 50 degrees, the target incision stabilizing angle is in a stable state, the incision angle starts to deform when exceeding 50 degrees, and the incision angle can collapse when exceeding 90 degrees.
And step three, carrying out accounting on the collapse vibration speed.
By the formula
Calculated, where M is 4629.3 tons and g is 9.8M/s 2 H is 42.79m, sigma is 10MPa, and K is K considering that deformation and crushing during tower body collapse consume part of floor impact energy t The calculation results are shown in Table 1, taking 3.37 and beta-1.66:
TABLE 1 calculated demolition slump vibration velocity
According to relevant regulations and standards, the collapse vibration safety allowance standard is calculated by referring to the blasting vibration safety allowance standard in China, the closest distance of a collapse vibration source to a railway 004 is designed to be 63m by a cooling tower 003, and the calculated vibration speed is 2.89cm/s and is smaller than the vibration safety allowance standard (10-12 cm/s).
And step four, evaluating the safety of the railway influence. The stratum may move and deform during the dismantling construction of the cooling tower 003, so that the railroad bridge 005 moves and deforms accordingly, and the stress of the railroad bridge 005 changes. Aiming at the particularity of the engineering and the importance of the railway operation safety, the settlement deformation and the structure safety of the railway bridge 005 are calculated, the safety influence of the railway bridge 005 is evaluated, and the railway 004 operation safety is ensured.
In this embodiment, the cooling tower 003 is adjacent to pier number 64-68 of the railroad bridge 005, and the pier is a round-end solid pier and the foundation is a bored pile foundation. The method adopts a method of combining theoretical calculation and a finite element model to develop numerical simulation calculation, develops quantitative safety evaluation by contrasting evaluation standards, and adopts software which is mature large geotechnical engineering general software Midas GTS-NX (New eXpercience of Geo-Technical analysis System). The evaluation is generally considered in terms of structural and ancillary deformation, structural strength and stability, and deformation is generally adopted as a primary control indicator. According to the current railway situation and peripheral facilities, the deformation control indexes and standards of the project are formulated by referring to similar domestic engineering experience and combining theoretical calculation and analysis. The control content of the project comprises the following steps: bridge settlement, differential settlement, horizontal deformation, vertical horizontal deformation and the like. The main control indicators and limits are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 safety evaluation control index and Limit
And according to the control index calculation result, obtaining a safety evaluation conclusion of the dismantling operation of the cooling tower 003:
for item number 1: the additional settlement of the railway stage caused in the construction process is-0.970 mm-1.242mm, the accumulated additional maximum settlement of the stage is-0.970 mm, and the limit value requirement of 3mm of the additional maximum settlement specified in technical regulations for highway and municipal engineering to pass through high-speed railway is met; the maximum value of the accumulated settlement after superposition of the design values is-11.507 mm, and the requirement of the limit value of 30mm of the settlement after construction specified in railway bridge design code is met.
For item number 2: the additional differential settlement of the railway stage caused in the construction process is 0.000mm-0.674mm, the maximum value of the accumulative additional differential settlement is 0.522mm, the maximum value of the accumulative differential settlement after the design value is superposed is 3.352m, and the requirement of the limit value of the post-construction differential settlement of 15mm specified in railway bridge and culvert design specifications is met.
For item number 3: the additional transverse horizontal deformation of the railway stage caused in the construction process is-1.129 mm-2.474mm, the accumulated additional maximum transverse horizontal deformation is 1.345mm, the requirement of the limit value of 3mm for the additional maximum transverse horizontal deformation specified by technical regulations for passing high-speed railways under highways and municipal works is met, and the accumulated additional maximum transverse horizontal deformation is 8.394mm after the design values are superposed. Meets the limit value requirement of 16.35mm of post-construction settlement specified in railway bridge and culvert design specifications.
For item number 4: the additional longitudinal horizontal deformation of the railway caused in the construction process is-0.501 mm-0.668mm, the accumulated maximum longitudinal horizontal deformation is-0.415 m, the requirement of the limit value of 3mm for the additional maximum longitudinal horizontal deformation specified in technical regulations for passing high-speed railways under highway and municipal engineering is met, and the accumulated maximum longitudinal horizontal deformation is-13.097 mm after the design values are superposed. Meets the limit value requirement of 28.28mm of post-construction settlement specified in railway bridge and culvert design specifications.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, no requirement is made on the order of implementing step two, step three, and step four, and the order does not affect the technical effect of this embodiment, and may be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
And step five, crushing the cooling tower to be dismantled.
The specific crushing process comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the amount of construction work for crushing and the time parameters
A centralized crushing stage: the concentrated crushing area is 25 degrees on both sides of the crushing starting point respectively, and the concrete is required to be crushed by 19.75m 3 Using two breaking hammers for 2 hours;
and (3) a symmetrical crushing stage: the symmetrical crushing area is 25-45 degrees on two sides of the crushing starting point, and 4.9m of concrete needs to be crushed 3 Symmetrically crushing two sides of the mixture for 45 minutes by using two crushing hammers;
a laying-down crushing stage: crushing 0.5m for laying down 3 And symmetrically clicking and crushing for 15 minutes by using two crushing hammers. According to the construction stage, a crushing notch parameter table shown in the table 3 is established:
table 3 table for parameters of breaking cut
(2) Determining construction time according to railway operation time
Before crushing and dismantling, an initial crushing opening is crushed in advance at the crushing starting point position for subsequent construction.
According to the operation time of the railway, the construction time is required to be in a railway skylight period, and when a plurality of railways are arranged near a construction site, the common skylight time of the railways is required to be selected for construction. In this example, the demolition of the cooling tower 003 involved two railways, with skylight times of 0-4 and 1-3, respectively, so construction time was determined as skylight time 1-3 common to both railways.
According to the crushing notch parameter table shown in table 3, the corresponding construction stage and the specific construction time are determined as follows:
23:30-0:00: before construction, initial crushing opening construction is carried out, and a notch with the width of 3m is broken at the position of a crushing starting point;
0:00-1:30: constructing in a centralized crushing stage, wherein the actual construction starting time is that the construction is started after the last train in front of the construction starting point passes;
1:30-2:30: construction in a symmetrical crushing stage and construction in a laying-down crushing stage;
and 2.
(3) Concentrated crushing stage
The concentrated crushing is carried out on the area by adopting two crushing hammers, the crushing area accounts for 5/36 of the total circumference, the angle is 50 degrees, and the cooling tower 003 is in a stable state when the area is crushed according to calculation. And (3) crushing 50-degree areas on two sides of the tower wall crushing starting point by adopting a 450 long-arm type crushing hammer.
(4) Symmetrical crushing stage
Two crushing hammers are respectively adopted to stand on two sides of the hole opening to crush the area, the two mechanical crushing speeds are required to be the same, the crushing area accounts for 4/36 of the total circumference, the angle is 40 degrees, and the cooling tower 003 is in a deformation state when the area is crushed according to calculation.
(5) Dumping and crushing stage
The falling crushing stage means that the cooling tower 003 is collapsed under the action of self-gravity when the width of the hole is 9/36 and the angle is 90 degrees. When the opening occupies 9/36 of the opening and is not collapsed, two long-arm type breaking hammers are adopted to respectively stand on two sides of the tower wall to be broken to break the area until the cooling tower 003 collapses.
When the crushing is carried out to the critical area, the standing position of the mechanical crushing tool is far away from the tower wall as far as possible, the advancing direction is the tower radial direction, and the crushing speed is slowed down. When the observer is heard to issue an evacuation signal, the evacuation is quickly carried out along the radial direction of the tower.
Step six, cleaning a crushing field
The main mechanical equipment used in this construction is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Main machinery equipment table
| Serial number | Device name | Number of | Specification and model |
| 1 | Long arm type breaking hammer | 2 | PC450 |
| 2 | Digging machine | 1 | XE245DK |
| 3 | Loading machine | 1 | ZL50 |
| 4 | Self-unloading automobile | 5 | 336 horsepower |
| 5 | Watering cart | 1 | 9 Square |
| 6 | Fog gun vehicle | 6 | 12 square |
The construction completes the dismantling operation by using the time of the railway 004 skylight, the construction period is short, the normal operation of the railway 004 is not influenced on the premise of ensuring the safety of the railway 004, the railway bridge 005 and surrounding structures, and the technical and economic benefits are obvious; and a mechanical crushing mode is adopted, so that the use of a large amount of labor and scaffold materials is avoided, and the cost is saved by more than 40 ten thousand yuan in total. After the demolition construction of the project is finished, the newly-built heating station in the original site supplies heat to surrounding residential living areas, the construction period is short, the construction period of subsequent projects is greatly shortened, and the project has good economic benefits.
The cooling tower dismantling method provided by the embodiment solves the problem of dismantling the high-rise building in the complex environment of the adjacent passenger dedicated line railway in the city, and has remarkable economic and social benefits. The embodiment adopts mechanical crushing tools to carry out construction of crushing cuts aiming at the difficult points that the settlement limit value of the peripheral railways of the cooling tower is high and the requirements on vibration prevention and dust prevention are high, is safe and reliable, can realize folding and dumping firstly after the crushing cuts are formed when the cooling tower is to be dismantled, has small influence range after the cooling tower collapses, directionally removes the cooling tower on the premise of ensuring the safety and environmental protection of the peripheral railway equipment and buildings, and ensures the smooth completion of the progress target of an engineering project.
Before demolition construction, four process measures of carrying out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower to be demolished, carrying out finite element analysis on a cooling tower model, carrying out accounting on the collapse vibration speed and carrying out safety assessment on the surrounding environment are adopted, and the construction risk can be reduced to the maximum extent.
In the embodiment, when the dismantling construction is carried out, the time of a railway skylight is combined, the dismantling and crushing stage is divided into three process stages, namely a concentrated crushing stage, a symmetrical crushing stage and a falling crushing stage, the construction flow is optimized, and the dismantling construction is guaranteed not to influence railway operation.
In the implementation process, relevant instruments and equipment are arranged to realize railway settlement monitoring and vibration monitoring, timely summary analysis of monitoring data is guaranteed, and the actual effect of the scheme is verified.
The demolition construction conditions for the cooling tower 003 in this example are summarized as follows:
(1) And the cutting crushing angle of the cooling tower 003 during pouring is 90 degrees by adopting a finite element analysis result, and the angle is 92 degrees during actual construction, so that the construction requirement is met.
(2) The tilting direction of the cooling tower 003 is consistent with the check calculation direction in the finite element modeling analysis.
(3) And (4) covering the range after dumping, wherein the maximum range is 30m, actually 25m, outside the basis during finite element modeling analysis, and meets the requirement.
(4) No. 66 bridge pier closest to the cooling tower 003 has a calculated vibration speed of 2.89cm/s and an actual measurement value of 0.53cm/s, and meets the requirement.
(5) No. 64 to No. 68 piers of the railway bridge 005 within the construction influence range have the settlement limit value of +/-1.8 mm, and the maximum settlement value of-0.021 mm is met within 15 days after the current day of dismantling and subsequent continuous observation.
(6) After the cooling tower 003 is dumped, no sundries affecting the train operation, such as flying stones, are found after the operation line of the railway 004 is checked.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cooling tower dismantling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a cooling tower model according to a cooling tower to be dismantled;
carrying out finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model to obtain a preset notch stable angle and a preset notch collapse angle, wherein when the angle of a crushing notch is within the preset notch stable angle, the cooling tower model is in a stable state, when the angle of the crushing notch reaches the preset notch stable angle, the cooling tower model begins to generate a deformation trend, and when the angle of the crushing notch reaches the preset notch collapse angle, the cooling tower model begins to collapse;
integrating a construction safety coefficient according to the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapsing angle to obtain a target incision stabilizing angle and a target incision collapsing angle;
determining a target dumping direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled according to the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled;
determining a starting point according to the target dumping direction, and respectively and synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool according to the target notch stabilizing angle and the target notch collapsing angle until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses;
and cleaning the collapsed site of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
2. The cooling tower demolition method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a preset cut stabilizing angle and a preset cut collapsing angle by performing finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model specifically comprises:
and according to the three-dimensional characteristics of the cooling tower model, carrying out integral buckling stability analysis on the cooling tower model to obtain the preset incision stabilizing angle and the preset incision collapse angle.
3. The cooling tower demolition method according to claim 2 wherein the step of performing an overall buckling stability analysis on the cooling tower model employs a linear stability analysis method.
4. The cooling tower demolition method according to any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein the step of performing finite element analysis according to the cooling tower model to obtain a preset notch stabilizing angle and a preset notch collapsing angle further comprises:
and analyzing the affected area of the collapsed cooling tower model by adopting an explicit dynamic analysis method according to the three-dimensional characteristics of the cooling tower model.
5. The cooling tower dismantling method according to claim 1, wherein the step of synchronously dismantling both sides of the starting point along a circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using a mechanical dismantling tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses includes:
a concentrated crushing stage, starting from the starting point, synchronously crushing two sides of the starting point respectively along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the angle of the crushing notch reaches the target notch stable angle;
a symmetrical crushing stage, namely, on the basis of the concentrated crushing stage, synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using a mechanical crushing tool until the angle of the crushing cut reaches the target cut collapse angle;
and in the falling crushing stage, on the basis of the symmetrical crushing stage, respectively and synchronously crushing the two sides of the starting point along the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by utilizing a mechanical crushing tool until the cooling tower to be dismantled collapses.
6. The cooling tower dismantling method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of synchronously dismantling both sides of the starting point in the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be dismantled by using a mechanical dismantling tool, the end surface of the dismantling notch adjacent to the bottom of the cooling tower to be dismantled is horizontal, and the end surface of the dismantling notch adjacent to the top of the cooling tower to be dismantled is symmetrically reduced from the starting point to both sides.
7. The cooling tower demolition method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized by comprising, before the step of simultaneous crushing with a mechanical crushing tool of both sides of the starting point in the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be demolished, respectively, the steps of:
marking the shape outline of the crushing cut on the outer wall of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
8. The cooling tower demolition method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of crushing, by using a mechanical crushing tool, both sides of the starting point in the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be demolished synchronously until the collapse of the cooling tower to be demolished, comprising the steps of:
checking the collapse vibration speed of the cooling tower to be dismantled according to the formula
In the formula, v t The slump vibration velocity is given in cm/s, M is the mass of the falling member, t, g is the acceleration of gravity, M/s 2 H is the height of the gravity center of the component, the unit is m, sigma is the destruction strength of the ground medium, the unit is MPa, R is the distance from the measuring point to the center of the tower body impacting the ground vibration source, and the unit is m, K t Beta is an index for the damping coefficient of the slump vibration velocity.
9. The cooling tower demolition method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of crushing, by using a mechanical crushing tool, both sides of the starting point in the circumferential direction of the cooling tower to be demolished synchronously until the collapse of the cooling tower to be demolished, comprising the steps of:
and carrying out safety evaluation on the surrounding environment of the cooling tower to be dismantled.
10. The cooling tower demolition method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the step of building a cooling tower model from the cooling tower to be demolished, it comprises the steps of:
and carrying out structural safety detection and identification on the cooling tower to be dismantled.
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