CN113336575A - Porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function - Google Patents
Porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function Download PDFInfo
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- CN113336575A CN113336575A CN202110752356.0A CN202110752356A CN113336575A CN 113336575 A CN113336575 A CN 113336575A CN 202110752356 A CN202110752356 A CN 202110752356A CN 113336575 A CN113336575 A CN 113336575A
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
- H01B19/02—Drying; Impregnating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
Abstract
The invention discloses a porcelain insulator with a phase electricity identification function, wherein marking nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks, wherein the glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The insulator glaze layer prepared by the invention has higher hardness and good wear resistance, and the hard glaze layer is covered after the phase electricity mark is marked on the surface of the insulator blank, so that the mark is not easy to damage after the insulator is used outdoors for a long time. And the anti breakdown property of the glaze layer is good, and the practical requirement can be completely met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite insulators, in particular to a porcelain insulator with a phase electricity identification function.
Background
Insulators are devices used between conductors of different potentials or between a conductor and the ground, and are mainly used to withstand the stresses from voltage and mechanical components. According to different purposes, the insulator can be divided into a line insulator and a power station insulator; the insulator can be divided into a porcelain insulator, a composite insulator and a glass insulator according to different materials. The porcelain insulator belongs to a traditional insulator, has undergone more than 100 years of development history from research and development to present, and the product thereof is developed from a common 35kV and below voltage class to the highest 1100kV ultrahigh voltage class in the world at present. Although glass insulators were developed in the last 60 th century, composite insulators appeared in the 80 th century, and porcelain insulators always belong to the most widely applied insulating materials in the insulator industry by virtue of excellent properties such as high stability, corrosion resistance and the like of porcelain insulators.
At present, the method for distinguishing each phase of the insulator is to add color paint on the insulator or on a terminal of an electric appliance, but the paint is not firm and durable in the external exposed environment, is easy to fall off, and influences the installation and the electrical performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a porcelain insulator with a phase electricity identification function, wherein marking nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and then a layer of glaze is coated, wherein the glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
Further, the preparation method of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing a niobium oxalate aqueous solution and a cerium nitrate aqueous solution, adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the niobium oxalate aqueous solution, stirring the mixed solution for 5-10 min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering, washing a solid phase with deionized water, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, soaking the solid phase B in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, taking out and drying the solid phase, continuously soaking the dried solid phase in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, taking out and drying the dried solid phase, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
Further, in the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate, the mass percentage of niobium oxalate is 5-8%, and the balance is water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 3-7 percent, and the balance is water; adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate to the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate is as follows: the ratio of the niobium oxalate aqueous solution is 1: 1-3.
Further, the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the ammonia water is 28%.
Further, in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, the concentration of manganese sulfate is 10-20 g/200mL, the concentration of nickel sulfate is 5-10 g/200mL, and the balance is water; and the solid phase B is soaked in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, and the solid-liquid mass ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 8-10.
Further, the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder is pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, absolute ethyl alcohol and ethyl orthosilicate, placing the mixture in an inner container inside a hydrothermal kettle, adding an ethylenediamine aqueous solution into the bottom of the hydrothermal kettle, suspending the inner container above the ethylenediamine aqueous solution, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, placing the hydrothermal kettle in an environment of 100-110 ℃ for 3-4 h, then taking out the hydrothermal kettle, opening a sealing cover, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the inner container, sealing the hydrothermal kettle again, and placing the hydrothermal kettle again in an environment of 100-110 ℃ for 1-2 h;
2) and (3) taking out the hydrothermal kettle after the placing is finished, cooling the hydrothermal kettle in air to normal temperature, then taking out substances in the liner, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase by using deionized water, and drying to obtain pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
Further, the mixing amount of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the tetraethoxysilane is more than that of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder: anhydrous ethanol: 1g of ethyl orthosilicate: 20-24 mL: 2-3 mL; the volume fraction of the ethylenediamine in the ethylenediamine aqueous solution is 2-3%.
Further, the glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of potassium feldspar, 60-80 parts of quartz, 20-30 parts of aluminum oxide, 10-20 parts of barium carbonate, 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide, 6-8 parts of boron trioxide, 6-10 parts of zinc oxide, 4-8 parts of zirconium silicate, 6-10 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40-46 parts of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The invention also discloses a glazing method of the glaze, which comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each component respectively, then screening the components by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing the powder according to the weight part, and then adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
thirdly, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100-120 min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-4 h; and then heating to 1150 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 1-2 h, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that: the insulator glaze layer prepared by the invention has higher hardness and good wear resistance, and the hard glaze layer is covered after the phase electricity mark is marked on the surface of the insulator blank, so that the mark is not easy to damage after the insulator is used outdoors for a long time. And the anti breakdown property of the glaze layer is good, and the practical requirement can be completely met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the interior of a hydrothermal reactor during pretreatment; wherein: 1. a hydrothermal kettle; 2. an inner container; 3. a supporting net (used for fixing the inner container); 4. an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description with reference to examples:
example 1
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 150 parts of potassium feldspar, 60 parts of quartz, 20 parts of aluminum oxide, 10 parts of barium carbonate, 10 parts of titanium dioxide, 6 parts of diboron trioxide, 6 parts of zinc oxide, 4 parts of zirconium silicate, 6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40 parts of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The preparation method of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing a niobium oxalate aqueous solution and a cerium nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the niobium oxalate aqueous solution contains 5% of niobium oxalate by mass and the balance of water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 3 percent, and the balance is water; mixing the following aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate in a mass ratio: adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate at a ratio of 1:1, stirring the mixed solution for 5min at a speed of 60r/min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, wherein the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the used ammonia water is 28%, then filtering, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, wherein the concentration of the manganese sulfate is 10g/200mL, the concentration of the nickel sulfate is 5g/200mL, and the balance is water; and (2) soaking the solid phase B in an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:8, taking out the solid phase, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, continuously soaking in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate after drying, taking out, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then air cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Example 2
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 160 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 20 parts of aluminum oxide, 14 parts of barium carbonate, 14 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 42 parts of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The preparation method of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing an aqueous solution of niobium oxalate and an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate, wherein in the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate, the mass percentage of niobium oxalate is 6%, and the balance is water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 4 percent, and the balance is water; mixing the following aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate in a mass ratio: adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate at a ratio of 1:2, stirring the mixed solution for 5min at a speed of 60r/min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, wherein the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the used ammonia water is 28%, then filtering, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, wherein the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 14g/200mL, the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 7g/200mL, and the balance of the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is water; and (2) soaking the solid phase B in an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:9, taking out the solid phase, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, continuously soaking in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate after drying, taking out, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then air cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Example 3
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 44 parts of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The preparation method of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing a niobium oxalate aqueous solution and a cerium nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the niobium oxalate aqueous solution contains 7% of niobium oxalate by mass and the balance of water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 6 percent, and the balance is water; mixing the following aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate in a mass ratio: adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate at a ratio of 1:2, stirring the mixed solution for 5min at a speed of 60r/min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, wherein the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the used ammonia water is 28%, then filtering, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 490 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, wherein the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 18g/200mL, the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 8g/200mL, and the balance of the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is water; and (2) soaking the solid phase B in an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:9, taking out the solid phase, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, continuously soaking in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate after drying, taking out, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Example 4
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 200 parts of potassium feldspar, 80 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 8 parts of diboron trioxide, 10 parts of zinc oxide, 8 parts of zirconium silicate, 10 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 46 parts of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The preparation method of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing an aqueous solution of niobium oxalate and an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate, wherein in the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate, the mass percentage of niobium oxalate is 8%, and the balance is water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 7 percent, and the balance is water; mixing the following aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate in a mass ratio: adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate at a ratio of 1:3, stirring the mixed solution for 5min at a speed of 60r/min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, wherein the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the used ammonia water is 28%, then filtering, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, wherein the concentration of the manganese sulfate is 20g/200mL, the concentration of the nickel sulfate is 10g/200mL, and the balance is water; and (2) soaking the solid phase B in an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, taking out the solid phase, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, continuously soaking in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate after drying, taking out, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Comparative example 1
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate and carboxymethyl cellulose. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of boron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate and 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; all the components are powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Comparative example 2
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and niobium pentoxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 44 parts of niobium pentoxide powder; all the components are powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Comparative example 3
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and cerium dioxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of alumina, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 44 parts of cerium dioxide powder; all the components are powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Comparative example 4
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose, niobium pentoxide powder and cerium dioxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 16 parts of niobium pentoxide powder and 28 parts of cerium dioxide powder; all the components are powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Comparative example 5
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 44 parts of pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The preparation method of the pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing a niobium oxalate aqueous solution and a cerium nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the niobium oxalate aqueous solution contains 7% of niobium oxalate by mass and the balance of water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 6 percent, and the balance is water; mixing the following aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate in a mass ratio: adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate at a ratio of 1:2, stirring the mixed solution for 5min at a speed of 60r/min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, wherein the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the used ammonia water is 28%, then filtering, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 490 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, wherein the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 18g/200mL, the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 8g/200mL, and the balance of the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is water; soaking the solid phase B in an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:9, taking out the solid phase, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, continuously soaking in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate after drying, taking out, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder;
(4) the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder prepared in the step (3) is pretreated, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, absolute ethyl alcohol and tetraethoxysilane, wherein the mixing amount of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the tetraethoxysilane is more than that of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder: anhydrous ethanol: 1g of ethyl orthosilicate: 20mL of: 2 mL; the mixture is placed in an inner container inside a hydrothermal kettle, and an ethylene diamine aqueous solution is added to the bottom of the hydrothermal kettle, wherein the volume fraction of ethylene diamine in the ethylene diamine aqueous solution is 2%; the inner container is suspended above the aqueous solution of the ethylenediamine but is not contacted with the aqueous solution of the ethylenediamine, then the hydrothermal kettle is closed, the hydrothermal kettle is placed in an environment with the temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 3 hours, then the hydrothermal kettle is taken out, a sealing cover is opened, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is added into the inner container, and the mass ratio of the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder is that the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/Nb-Ce composite oxide powder is 0.4: 10; sealing the hydrothermal kettle again, and placing the hydrothermal kettle again in an environment of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 2 hours;
2) and (3) after the placing is finished, taking out the hydrothermal kettle, cooling the hydrothermal kettle to normal temperature in air, then taking out substances in the liner, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying the solid phase at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain the pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Comparative example 6
A porcelain insulator with phase electricity identification function is characterized in that mark nicks for marking different phase electricity are carved on an insulator blank, and a layer of glaze is coated on the nicks. For example, the score marks may be provided with different letters to represent different phase charges, or with different numbers to represent different phase charges. The glaze comprises the following components: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder. The components are as follows by weight: 180 parts of potassium feldspar, 70 parts of quartz, 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 parts of barium carbonate, 20 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of diboron trioxide, 9 parts of zinc oxide, 6 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 44 parts of pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
The preparation method of the pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing a niobium oxalate aqueous solution and a cerium nitrate aqueous solution, wherein the niobium oxalate aqueous solution contains 7% of niobium oxalate by mass and the balance of water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 6 percent, and the balance is water; mixing the following aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate in a mass ratio: adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate at a ratio of 1:2, stirring the mixed solution for 5min at a speed of 60r/min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, wherein the ammonia-containing mass fraction of the used ammonia water is 28%, then filtering, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 490 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, wherein the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 18g/200mL, the concentration of the manganese sulfate in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is 8g/200mL, and the balance of the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate is water; soaking the solid phase B in an aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:9, taking out the solid phase, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, continuously soaking in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate after drying, taking out, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then air cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder;
(4) the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder prepared in the step (3) is pretreated, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, absolute ethyl alcohol and tetraethoxysilane, wherein the mixing amount of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the tetraethoxysilane is more than that of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder: anhydrous ethanol: 1g of ethyl orthosilicate: 24mL of: 3 mL; the mixture is placed in an inner container inside a hydrothermal kettle, and an ethylenediamine aqueous solution is added to the bottom of the hydrothermal kettle, wherein the volume fraction of ethylenediamine in the ethylenediamine aqueous solution is 3%; the inner container is suspended above the aqueous solution of the ethylenediamine but is not contacted with the aqueous solution of the ethylenediamine, then the hydrothermal kettle is closed, the hydrothermal kettle is placed in an environment with the temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 3 hours, then the hydrothermal kettle is taken out, a sealing cover is opened, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is added into the inner container, and the mass ratio of the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder is that the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/Nb-Ce composite oxide powder is 0.6: 10; sealing the hydrothermal kettle again, and placing the hydrothermal kettle again in an environment of 105 +/-5 ℃ for 2 hours;
2) and (3) after the placing is finished, taking out the hydrothermal kettle, cooling the hydrothermal kettle to normal temperature in air, then taking out substances in the liner, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying the solid phase at 90 +/-5 ℃ to obtain the pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
The glazing method of the glaze comprises the following steps:
step one, ball-milling each glaze component, screening by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing according to the weight parts to obtain a glaze, and adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
step three, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 h; then the temperature is increased to 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the mixture is sintered for 1.5h, and the mixture is cooled to normal temperature along with the furnace, so that the porcelain insulator with the phase electricity identification function is obtained.
Example 5
10 ceramic insulator products with glaze layer thicknesses within the range of 0.4 +/-0.05 mm prepared by the methods of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6 are selected, the breakdown voltage and the surface hardness of the ceramic insulator products are measured, the breakdown voltage is averaged, the hardness value is an interval where 10 samples are used for measuring the hardness value, and the result is shown in table 1, wherein an experimental group example 1 represents the breakdown voltage test value of the ceramic insulator prepared by the method of example 1, an experimental group example 2 represents the breakdown voltage test value … … of the ceramic insulator prepared by the method of example 2, and the like.
TABLE 1
| Experimental group | Breakdown voltage (kV/mm) | Mohs hardness of surface |
| Example 1 | 17.54 | 7-7.5 grade |
| Example 2 | 17.80 | 7-7.5 grade |
| Example 3 | 17.83 | 7-7.5 grade |
| Example 4 | 17.74 | 7-7.5 grade |
| Comparative example 1 | 13.27 | 5.5 to 6 grades |
| Comparative example 2 | 13.91 | 5.5 to 6.5 grades |
| Comparative example 3 | 14.07 | 6-6.5 grade |
| Comparative example 4 | 14.02 | 6-6.5 grade |
| Comparative example 5 | 18.65 | 7 to 8 grades |
| Comparative example 6 | 18.69 | 7.5 to 8 grades |
As can be seen from Table 1, the insulator glaze layer prepared by the invention has high hardness and good wear resistance, and the mark is not easy to be damaged after the insulator blank is marked with the electro-photographic mark and then covered with the hard glaze layer. And the anti breakdown property of the glaze layer is good, and the practical requirement can be completely met.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and for those skilled in the art, the ideas according to the embodiments of the present invention may be changed in the specific implementation manners and the application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a take electric recognition function's porcelain insulator of looks which characterized in that, carves out the mark nick that marks different looks electricity on the insulator blank, coats a layer of frit again, the component of frit includes: potassium feldspar, quartz, alumina, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose and Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
2. The porcelain insulator with the phase electric identification function according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing a niobium oxalate aqueous solution and a cerium nitrate aqueous solution, adding the cerium nitrate aqueous solution into the niobium oxalate aqueous solution, stirring the mixed solution for 5-10 min, then dropwise adding ammonia water into the mixed solution under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering, washing a solid phase with deionized water, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
(2) placing the solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 450-500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase B;
(3) preparing aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, soaking the solid phase B in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, taking out and drying the solid phase, continuously soaking the dried solid phase in the aqueous solutions of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, taking out and drying the dried solid phase, placing the dried solid phase in a muffle furnace, heating to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
3. The porcelain insulator with the phase electric identification function according to claim 2, wherein in the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate, the mass percentage of niobium oxalate is 5-8%, and the balance is water; in the aqueous solution of the cerium nitrate, the mass percentage of the cerium nitrate is 3-7 percent, and the balance is water; adding the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate into the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the aqueous solution of cerium nitrate to the aqueous solution of niobium oxalate is as follows: the ratio of the niobium oxalate aqueous solution is 1: 1-3.
4. The porcelain insulator with the phase electric identification function according to claim 2, wherein the ammonia water contains 28% of ammonia by mass.
5. The porcelain insulator with the phase-charge identification function according to claim 2, wherein in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, the concentration of manganese sulfate is 10-20 g/200mL, the concentration of nickel sulfate is 5-10 g/200mL, and the balance is water; and the solid phase B is soaked in the aqueous solution of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate, and the solid-liquid mass ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 8-10.
6. The porcelain insulator with the phase electric identification function according to claim 2, wherein the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder is pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, absolute ethyl alcohol and ethyl orthosilicate, placing the mixture in an inner container inside a hydrothermal kettle, adding an ethylenediamine aqueous solution into the bottom of the hydrothermal kettle, suspending the inner container above the ethylenediamine aqueous solution, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, placing the hydrothermal kettle in an environment of 100-110 ℃ for 3-4 h, then taking out the hydrothermal kettle, opening a sealing cover, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the inner container, sealing the hydrothermal kettle again, and placing the hydrothermal kettle again in an environment of 100-110 ℃ for 1-2 h;
2) and (3) taking out the hydrothermal kettle after the placing is finished, cooling the hydrothermal kettle in air to normal temperature, then taking out substances in the liner, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase by using deionized water, and drying to obtain pretreated Nb-Ce composite oxide powder.
7. The porcelain insulator with the phase electric identification function according to claim 6, wherein the Nb-Ce composite oxide powder, the absolute ethyl alcohol and the ethyl orthosilicate are mixed in a ratio of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder: anhydrous ethanol: 1g of ethyl orthosilicate: 20-24 mL: 2-3 mL; the volume fraction of the ethylenediamine in the ethylenediamine aqueous solution is 2-3%.
8. The porcelain insulator with the phase electric identification function according to claim 1, wherein the glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150-200 parts of potassium feldspar, 60-80 parts of quartz, 20-30 parts of aluminum oxide, 10-20 parts of barium carbonate, 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide, 6-8 parts of boron trioxide, 6-10 parts of zinc oxide, 4-8 parts of zirconium silicate, 6-10 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 40-46 parts of Nb-Ce composite oxide powder; all the components are powder.
9. A method of glazing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprising the steps of:
step one, ball-milling each component respectively, then screening the components by a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder of each component, uniformly mixing the powder according to the weight part, and then adding water to prepare glaze slurry;
glazing the insulator blank engraved with the marks for marking different-phase electric marks;
thirdly, placing the glazed blank in a nitrogen atmosphere for 100-120 min, heating to 620 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-4 h; and then heating to 1150 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 1-2 h, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
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