CN112441824B - Low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission porcelain insulator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission porcelain insulator and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112441824B
CN112441824B CN202011438746.2A CN202011438746A CN112441824B CN 112441824 B CN112441824 B CN 112441824B CN 202011438746 A CN202011438746 A CN 202011438746A CN 112441824 B CN112441824 B CN 112441824B
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porcelain
parts
porcelain insulator
oxide
insulator
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CN112441824A (en
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黎茂凯
黎曼
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Hunan Xingcheng Electrical Porcelain Electric Appliance Co ltd
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Hunan Xingcheng Electrical Porcelain Electric Appliance Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission porcelain insulator and a preparation method thereof, wherein the porcelain insulator comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials: aluminum oxide, calcined high-alumina bauxite, potassium feldspar, a zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, fluorapatite, cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and a sintering aid; a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer are sequentially arranged outside the porcelain insulator; the coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: nano alumina sol, cerium oxide/SiO2Coating a graphene oxide composite material, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, nano concave-convex rod soil and nano boron nitride; the coating used for the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, nano alumina sol, needle-shaped wollastonite and tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide crystal whisker. The porcelain insulator prepared by the invention has good weather resistance, is suitable for long-term use in extremely cold regions, and is antifoulingStrong performance and excellent mechanical performance.

Description

Low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission porcelain insulator and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of porcelain insulators, in particular to a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electric power is the most widely used secondary energy in modern society, and safe, stable operation and sufficient supply of electric power are important guarantees for sustainable development of national economy. The existing transmission lines are divided into two types: one is underground cable and one is overhead line. An underground cable is a power transmission line in which an insulated wire with an external armor is buried underground, and is limited in insulation level and high price. The overhead line is a power transmission line in which a bare conductor is suspended and erected on a support rod tower by using an insulator, and the overhead power transmission line has the advantages of simple structure and equipment, easiness in manufacturing and supplying, lower manufacturing cost, convenience in construction, higher construction speed and capability of early receiving economic benefits; most facilities are exposed to the earth surface, so that the operation and maintenance are convenient. Therefore, overhead transmission lines are widely used at home and abroad.
The porcelain insulator provides supporting and insulating functions for the power transmission line, so that the requirements on mechanical strength and insulating strength are high, the natural environment of China is relatively complex, and the porcelain insulator is mostly used in outdoor or even field environments, so that the porcelain insulator product is also required to be capable of adapting to complex environmental conditions.
The working environment and working conditions of the insulator product are extremely harsh and are affected by factors such as cold and hot sudden change, intense heat, severe cold, high acidity and alkalinity, high pollution and the like. In the operation process of the insulator product, the insulator product not only needs to bear power frequency voltage under normal operation conditions, but also can withstand the transient overvoltage influence generated by lightning impulse under severe weather conditions; the weight of the lead is borne, and the lead is also subjected to extreme factors such as the icing state of the lead and the violent shaking of the lead under the action of wind power, and is subjected to severe heat and severe cold. The insulator product can generate a medium degradation phenomenon under the action of long-term working voltage and working load, namely the performance of the insulator product is reduced along with the prolonging of the service time, and finally the product is degraded.
With the development of the electric power industry in China, the requirements of extremely cold regions on porcelain insulators are increasing. The ceramic insulator is used for ceramic insulators used in extremely cold regions, needs to bear severe working environments such as low-temperature freezing, lightning impulse, medium deterioration and the like, and has good freeze-thaw resistance, so that the problems of freeze-thaw, aging, strength reduction and the like are avoided.
The domestic patent with application number 201911272786.1 discloses a porcelain insulator of high cold resistance, includes: the composite material comprises the following components of semi-mountain mud, Changfeng mud, illite, bauxite, molecular sieve, bentonite, zirconia, calcium phosphate fiber, reinforcing fiber, boric acid, modified nano titanium dioxide-silicon micro powder additive, sepiolite powder, coupling agent, surfactant and antifreezing agent. The insulator is compounded by adopting various functional raw materials, so that the cold resistance of the insulator is improved. The insulator obtained by the method has the characteristics of high mechanical strength and excellent freeze-thaw resistance. But on one hand, the raw material components are complex, and the cold resistance of the prepared porcelain insulator can be further improved.
Meanwhile, with the continuous promotion of the voltage grade of the power transmission and transformation line, in order to meet the development of high-voltage power transmission lines in the power industry, various electric porcelain enterprises are developing or have already developed higher-grade products. With the increasing atmospheric pollution degree in China, the insulator pollution flashover phenomenon becomes a main threat for the safe operation of a power system. Therefore, the improvement of the pollution flashover resistance of the insulator is one of the keys for ensuring the reliable and safe operation of the power transmission line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission porcelain insulator and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-36 parts of aluminum oxide, 25-30 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 4-7 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-20 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 8-13 parts of fluorapatite, 1.5-2.5 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 3-5 parts of sintering aid.
Preferably, the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is prepared by the following method: adding 10-13 parts of kaolin into 1 part of zirconium dioxide sol, uniformly mixing, and then placing the mixture into a grinding machine for grinding for 3-4 hours to obtain a mixture; standing the mixture for 3-4 days, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining the mixture for 3-4 hours at 780-800 ℃, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding the mixture to obtain the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material.
Preferably, the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride is prepared by the following method: adding 10 parts of nano boron nitride with the particle size of 30-80nm and 20 parts of deionized water into a reaction kettle, stirring uniformly, adding 0.2 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, stirring uniformly, heating to 50-60 ℃, continuing to stir for 30-50min, then adding 1 part of 1mol/L cerium nitrate solution and 0.5 part of 1mol/L lanthanum nitrate solution, stirring uniformly, slowly adding 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8-8.5, standing for 1 day, filtering, washing a filter cake by using deionized water, placing the filter cake into a muffle furnace, heating to 130-135 ℃, calcining for 4-5h, then slowly heating to 770-780 ℃, calcining for 3-4h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride.
Preferably, the sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.2-0.5 by mixing.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion; premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1: 1.1 to 1.2, the ball milling time is 12 to 15 hours, and the fineness of the ball-milled mixture reaches 0.5 to 1.1 percent;
(2) sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
(3) pre-sintering the obtained blank at the temperature of 420-450 ℃ for 30-50 min; then glazing to obtain a glazed blank;
the glaze slip used for glazing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of quartz, 8-10 parts of talcum powder, 5-8 parts of alumina, 3-4 parts of zirconium silicate and 3-5 parts of limestone;
(4) heating the glazed blank to 650 plus materials at a heating rate of 16-20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35-45min, then heating to 1180 plus materials at a heating rate of 8-13 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5-4 h; then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porcelain insulator porcelain;
(5) and (5) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Preferably, a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer are sequentially arranged outside the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator;
the coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of nano alumina sol and cerium oxide/SiO20.2-0.5 part of coated graphene oxide composite material, 1-1.5 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1 part of nano attapulgite and 1-1.5 parts of nano boron nitride;
the coating used by the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, 20-30 parts of nano alumina sol, 0.8-1.5 parts of needle-shaped wollastonite and 0.1-0.3 part of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker.
Preferably, the cerium oxide/SiO2The preparation method of the coated graphene oxide composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing ethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding graphene oxide and cerium nitrate, stirring for 60-90min, slowly dripping deionized water while stirring, continuing to stir for 30-40min, then slowly dripping hydrochloric acid ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.25 mol/L, controlling the temperature between 40-45 ℃ in the dripping process, and reacting for 30-40min to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the graphene oxide to the cerium nitrate is 5: 6-8: 0.2-0.5; the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate to hydrogen chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and hydrochloric acid ethanol solution is 1: 4-5: 3-4: 0.05-0.06;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed material at 70-75 ℃ to constant weight, then heating to 240 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 70-100min, heating to 950 ℃ in 880 ℃, calcining for 2.5-3.5h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain cerium oxide/SiO2And coating the graphene oxide composite material.
Preferably, the preparation method of the lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1 part of butyl titanate in 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and stirring until the solution is transparent to obtain a solution I;
(2) preparing a lanthanum nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and a cerium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L; uniformly mixing 0.2-0.4 part of lanthanum nitrate solution, 0.1-0.2 part of cerium nitrate solution and 1 part of deionized water, adding the mixture into 1 part of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 2-3 by using concentrated nitric acid to prepare solution II;
(3) and slowly dripping the solution I into the solution II under the stirring condition to obtain the lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying the porcelain insulator porcelain, immersing the porcelain insulator porcelain into the coating used for the strengthening layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 60-90s, drying at 100 ℃ for 40-60min, then placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 650 ℃ along with 620 and calcining for 1.5-2h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the strengthened porcelain insulator porcelain;
(2) cleaning and drying the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain, immersing the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain into a coating used for a self-cleaning layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 35-45s, drying at 100 ℃ for 30-40min, placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 500-530 ℃, calcining for 2-2.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain;
(3) and (4) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
The preparation method of the nano alumina sol comprises the following steps: preparing an aluminum sulfate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 22-27%, heating the temperature to 60-70 ℃, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 9.0-9.5, and obtaining a white solid after suction filtration, washing and drying; mixing the white solid with water according to the mass percent of 0.5-1.1%, adding acetic acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5-4.5, and refluxing for 3-4 hours at the temperature of 75-80 ℃ to obtain the nano alumina sol.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the matching of the alumina, the calcined high-alumina bauxite, the kaolin and the like, on one hand, the technological property of the pug is ensured, the impurities of the blank can be controlled in a lower content range, and simultaneously, the dispersion strengthening effect of the alumina particles is good, thereby ensuring the good mechanical property and the electrical property of the porcelain insulator.
2. In the porcelain insulator of the invention, the added zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material highly disperses the nano zirconium dioxide in the blank, and simultaneously the crystal grain range is proper after sintering, thus effectively improving the strength and hardness of the porcelain insulator. The addition of a proper amount of fluorapatite can promote the tissue structure of the porcelain piece to be more uniform and compact, and a good micro-interlocking structure can be formed between tissues, so that the strength and the low temperature resistance of the porcelain piece are obviously enhanced. The added cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nanometer boron nitride enhances the fluidity of the raw materials during mixing, and simultaneously enhances the bonding performance of the nanometer boron nitride and other components during sintering after the nanometer boron nitride is coated by the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide, thereby effectively enhancing the strength and the weather resistance of the porcelain.
3. In the invention, on the basis of alumina and calcined high-alumina bauxite, a proper amount of potassium feldspar, zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, fluorapatite, cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride, sintering aid and the like are added, so that the microstructure of a crystal phase in the porcelain piece is fine and uniform, the compressive stress is good, the strength, the high temperature resistance, the low temperature resistance and the like of the porcelain piece can be improved, and the dielectric property of the porcelain can be improved. The sintering aid consisting of sodium silicate and samarium oxide is beneficial to improving the sintering compactness, reducing the pore diameter of pores and reducing the porosity.
4. When the porcelain insulator is prepared, the porcelain insulator is pre-sintered, structural water in raw materials is preliminarily discharged, and inorganic organic matters and carbon elements in blanks are subjected to oxidation reaction or decomposition reaction, so that the performance of the blanks is improved, and the glazing effect is better. And then, during calcination, slowly raising the temperature to 650-720 ℃ and preserving the temperature, further discharging the structural water, wherein the volume generated during the shrinkage and the crystal transformation of the quartz is increased, so that the volume change of the blank can be relieved. And finally, slowly heating to 1180-. The invention reasonably controls the temperature of each stage during sintering, so that the porcelain insulator has excellent comprehensive performance.
5. Furthermore, a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer are sequentially arranged outside the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator. In the strengthening layer, added cerium oxide/SiO2The coating graphene oxide composite material can obviously enhance the strength and toughness of the strengthening layer, has strong weather resistance, and enables the coating to still maintain higher strength and toughness at extremely cold temperature without generating cracks, thereby further protecting the insulator porcelain and prolonging the service life of the porcelain. The added aluminum dihydrogen phosphate can ensure that the bonding force between the strengthening layer and the porcelain piece is strong, and the strengthening layer and the porcelain piece are tightly bonded and cannot fall off by matching with nano alumina sol and the like.
6. In the self-cleaning layer, the added lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol has higher photocatalytic activity, so that the self-cleaning layer has higher optical self-cleaning performance, and lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide can effectively decompose the surface of the insulator to obtain adhesive organic matter components and the like, thereby being beneficial to washing the surface deposition pollutants under the external conditions of rain, wind and the like. The dirt accumulation amount of the insulator is far less than that of a common insulator, and the occurrence of a dirt flashover accident can be effectively inhibited. A certain amount of nano alumina sol is added into the coating used for the self-cleaning layer, so that the bonding force between the self-cleaning layer and the strengthening layer can be strengthened, and the mechanical property and the weather resistance of the self-cleaning layer can be strengthened by adding the needle-shaped wollastonite and the tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whiskers, so that the service life of the self-cleaning layer is longer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of aluminum oxide, 26 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 5 parts of potassium feldspar, 18 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 12 parts of fluorapatite, 2.2 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 4.5 parts of sintering aid.
The zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is prepared by the following method: adding 10 parts of kaolin into 1 part of zirconium dioxide sol, uniformly mixing, and then placing the mixture into a grinding machine for grinding for 4 hours to obtain a mixture; and standing the mixture for 3 days, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining the mixture for 3 hours at 800 ℃, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding the mixture to obtain the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material.
The cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nanometer boron nitride is prepared by the following method: adding 10 parts of nano boron nitride with the particle size of 30-80nm and 20 parts of deionized water into a reaction kettle, stirring uniformly, adding 0.2 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, stirring uniformly, heating to 60 ℃, continuing to stir for 30min, adding 1 part of 1mol/L cerium nitrate solution and 0.5 part of 1mol/L lanthanum nitrate solution, stirring uniformly, slowly adding 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8.5, standing for 1 day, filtering, washing a filter cake with deionized water, placing the filter cake into a muffle furnace, heating to 135 ℃, calcining for 5 hours, slowly heating to 770 ℃, calcining for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride.
The sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, mixing.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion; premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1: 1.1, the ball milling time is 15 hours, and the fineness of the ball-milled mixture reaches 0.5%;
(2) sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
(3) pre-sintering the blank at 450 deg.c for 45 min; then glazing to obtain a glazed blank;
the glaze slip used for glazing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of quartz, 10 parts of talcum powder, 8 parts of alumina, 4 parts of zirconium silicate and 4 parts of limestone. The glaze slip is prepared by a conventional method.
(4) Heating the glazed blank to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 18.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35-45min, then heating to 1195 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 h; then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porcelain insulator porcelain;
(5) and (5) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 2:
a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of aluminum oxide, 27 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 7 parts of potassium feldspar, 16 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 10 parts of fluorapatite, 1.5 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 3 parts of sintering aid.
The zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is prepared by the following method: adding 13 parts of kaolin into 1 part of zirconium dioxide sol, uniformly mixing, and then placing the mixture into a grinding machine for grinding for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; standing the mixture for 4 days, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining the mixture for 4 hours at 780 ℃, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding the mixture to obtain the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material.
The cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nanometer boron nitride is prepared by the following method: adding 10 parts of nano boron nitride with the particle size of 30-80nm and 20 parts of deionized water into a reaction kettle, stirring uniformly, adding 0.2 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, stirring uniformly, heating to 50-60 ℃, continuing to stir for 50min, adding 1 part of 1mol/L cerium nitrate solution and 0.5 part of 1mol/L lanthanum nitrate solution, stirring uniformly, slowly adding 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8, standing for 1 day, filtering, washing a filter cake with deionized water, placing the filter cake into a muffle furnace, heating to 130 ℃, calcining for 4h, slowly heating to 780 ℃, calcining for 3h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride.
The sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, mixing.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion; premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1: 1.2, the ball milling time is 15 hours, and the fineness of the ball-milled mixture reaches 0.8%;
(2) sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
(3) pre-sintering the blank at 450 deg.C for 50 min; then glazing to obtain a glazed blank;
the glaze slip used for glazing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of quartz, 10 parts of talcum powder, 5 parts of alumina, 4 parts of zirconium silicate and 4 parts of limestone;
(4) heating the glazed blank to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 18 ℃/min, preserving heat for 45min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 13 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 h; then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porcelain insulator porcelain;
(5) and (5) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 3:
a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of aluminum oxide, 25 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 5 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 13 parts of fluorapatite, 2 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 4 parts of sintering aid.
The preparation method of the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is the same as that of example 1. The preparation method of the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride is the same as that of example 1. The sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5 and mixing.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion; premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1: 1.2, the ball milling time is 13 hours, and the fineness of the ball-milled mixture reaches 0.5%;
(2) sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
(3) pre-sintering the blank at 420 deg.C for 50 min; then glazing to obtain a glazed blank;
the glaze slip used for glazing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of quartz, 8 parts of talcum powder, 8 parts of alumina, 3 parts of zirconium silicate and 3 parts of limestone;
(4) heating the glazed blank to 650 ℃ at a heating rate of 16 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35min, heating to 1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3.5 h; then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porcelain insulator porcelain;
(5) and (5) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 4:
a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum oxide, 28 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 4 parts of potassium feldspar, 20 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 8 parts of fluorapatite, 2.5 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 3 parts of sintering aid.
The preparation method of the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is the same as that of example 2. The preparation method of the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride is the same as that of the example 2.
The sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2 and mixing.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion; premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1: 1.1, ball milling time is 12 hours, and the fineness of the ball-milled mixture reaches 0.6%;
(2) sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
(3) pre-sintering the blank at 435 deg.c for 40 min; then glazing to obtain a glazed blank;
the glaze slip used for glazing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of quartz, 9 parts of talcum powder, 7 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 parts of zirconium silicate and 5 parts of limestone;
(4) heating the glazed blank to 720 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, heating to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 4 h; then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a porcelain insulator porcelain;
(5) and (5) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained porcelain insulator of the porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 5:
a porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises a porcelain insulator porcelain part; the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of aluminum oxide, 30 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 7 parts of potassium feldspar, 18 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 10 parts of fluorapatite, 1.5 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 5 parts of sintering aid.
The preparation method of the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is the same as that of example 1.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride is the same as that of example 1.
The sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, mixing.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission is the same as that of example 1.
Example 6:
the porcelain insulator in embodiment 1 is also provided with a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer in sequence.
The coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of nano alumina sol and cerium oxide/SiO20.4 part of coated graphene oxide composite material, 1.2 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6 part of nano attapulgite and 1 part of nano boron nitride.
The coating used for the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, 30 parts of nano alumina sol, 1.3 parts of needle-shaped wollastonite and 0.3 part of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker.
Cerium oxide/SiO2The preparation method of the coated graphene oxide composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing ethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding graphene oxide and cerium nitrate, stirring for 90min, slowly dripping deionized water while stirring, continuously stirring for 40min, slowly dripping 0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid ethanol solution, controlling the temperature between 40 and 45 ℃ in the dripping process, and reacting for 40min to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the graphene oxide to the cerium nitrate is 5: 8: 0.35; the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate to hydrogen chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and hydrochloric acid ethanol solution is 1: 5: 3: 0.05;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed material at 75 ℃ to constant weight, heating to 240 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 70min, heating to 950 ℃, calcining for 3.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain cerium oxide/SiO2Coating ofGraphene oxide composites.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying the porcelain insulator porcelain piece prepared in the embodiment 1, immersing the porcelain insulator porcelain piece into a coating used for a strengthening layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain piece out of the liquid level after 90s, drying the porcelain insulator porcelain piece at 100 ℃ for 60min, then placing the porcelain insulator porcelain piece in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 650 ℃, calcining for 2h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the strengthened porcelain insulator porcelain piece;
(2) cleaning and drying the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain, immersing the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain into a coating used for a self-cleaning layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 45s, drying at 100 ℃ for 40min, placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 530 ℃, calcining for 2.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain;
(3) and (4) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 7:
the porcelain insulator porcelain in embodiment 2 is also sequentially provided with a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer.
The coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of nano alumina sol and cerium oxide/SiO20.5 part of coated graphene oxide composite material, 1.5 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of nano attapulgite and 1.5 parts of nano boron nitride.
The coating used for the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, 20 parts of nano alumina sol, 0.8 part of needle-shaped wollastonite and 0.1 part of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker.
Cerium oxide/SiO2The preparation method of the coated graphene oxide composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing ethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding graphene oxide and cerium nitrate, stirring for 60min, slowly dripping deionized water while stirring, continuously stirring for 30min, slowly dripping 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid ethanol solution, controlling the temperature between 40 and 45 ℃ in the dripping process, and reacting for 30min to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the graphene oxide to the cerium nitrate is 5: 7: 0.2; the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate to hydrogen chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and hydrochloric acid ethanol solution is 1: 5: 4: 0.06;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed material at 70 ℃ to constant weight, heating to 220 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 100min, heating to 880 ℃, calcining for 2.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain cerium oxide/SiO2And coating the graphene oxide composite material.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying the porcelain insulator porcelain piece prepared in the embodiment 2, immersing the porcelain insulator porcelain piece into the coating used for the strengthening layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain piece out of the liquid level after 80s, drying the porcelain insulator porcelain piece at 100 ℃ for 50min, placing the porcelain insulator porcelain piece in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 620 ℃, calcining for 1.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the strengthened porcelain insulator porcelain piece;
(2) cleaning and drying the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain, immersing the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain into a coating used for a self-cleaning layer, keeping rotating, taking the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 35s, drying at 100 ℃ for 30min, placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 500 ℃, calcining for 2h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain;
(3) and (4) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 8:
the porcelain insulator in embodiment 3 is also provided with a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer in sequence.
The coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: nano oxidation100 parts of alumina sol and cerium oxide/SiO20.2 part of coated graphene oxide composite material, 1 part of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of nano attapulgite and 1.2 parts of nano boron nitride.
The coating used for the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, 25 parts of nano alumina sol, 1.5 parts of needle-shaped wollastonite and 0.2 part of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker.
Cerium oxide/SiO2The preparation method of the coated graphene oxide composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing ethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding graphene oxide and cerium nitrate, stirring for 70min, slowly dripping deionized water while stirring, continuously stirring for 35min, slowly dripping 0.25 mol/L hydrochloric acid ethanol solution, controlling the temperature between 40 and 45 ℃ in the dripping process, and reacting for 35min to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the graphene oxide to the cerium nitrate is 5: 6: 0.5; the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate to hydrogen chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and hydrochloric acid ethanol solution is 1: 4: 3: 0.06;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed material at 70-75 ℃ to constant weight, heating to 240 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 80min, heating to 900 ℃, calcining for 3h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain cerium oxide/SiO2And coating the graphene oxide composite material.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying the porcelain insulator porcelain piece prepared in the embodiment 3, immersing the porcelain insulator porcelain piece into the coating used for the strengthening layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain piece out of the liquid level after 60s, drying the porcelain insulator porcelain piece at 100 ℃ for 40min, then placing the porcelain insulator porcelain piece in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 630 ℃, calcining for 2h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the strengthened porcelain insulator porcelain piece;
(2) cleaning and drying the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain, immersing the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain into a coating used for a self-cleaning layer, keeping rotating, taking the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 40s, drying at 100 ℃ for 40min, placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 520 ℃, calcining for 2.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain;
(3) and (4) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
Example 9:
the porcelain insulator in embodiment 3 is also provided with a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer in sequence.
The coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of nano alumina sol and cerium oxide/SiO20.3 part of coated graphene oxide composite material, 1.3 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of nano attapulgite and 1.2 parts of nano boron nitride.
The coating used for the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, 28 parts of nano alumina sol, 1.1 parts of needle-shaped wollastonite and 0.2 part of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker.
Cerium oxide/SiO2The preparation method of the coated graphene oxide composite material is the same as that of example 8.
The preparation method of the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission is the same as that in example 8.
Comparative example 1:
the ceramic insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission is different from the ceramic insulator in the embodiment 1 in that the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is replaced by kaolin in the raw material of the ceramic insulator, and the rest is the same as the ceramic insulator in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2:
the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission is different from the porcelain insulator in the embodiment 1 in that cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride is replaced by nano boron nitride as a raw material of the porcelain insulator, and the rest is the same as the porcelain insulator in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3:
a low temperature resistant porcelain insulator for high voltage transmission, which is different from example 6 in that the coating material for the reinforcing layer does not contain cerium oxide/SiO2The graphene oxide-coated composite material was coated, and the others were identical to those of example 6.
In the above examples and comparative examples of the present invention:
the preparation method of the zirconium dioxide sol comprises the following steps:
dissolving zirconium oxychloride in a mixed solution of ethanol and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the ethanol to the deionized water is 1: 1, the concentration of the zirconium oxychloride is 1mol/L, and then hydrogen peroxide and H are added2O2The molar ratio of zirconium oxychloride to zirconium oxychloride is 1: and 5, after the reaction is finished, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and uniformly stirring to obtain the zirconium dioxide sol.
The preparation method of the lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1 part of butyl titanate in 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and stirring until the solution is transparent to obtain a solution I;
(2) preparing a lanthanum nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and a cerium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L; uniformly mixing 0.3 part of lanthanum nitrate solution, 0.2 part of cerium nitrate solution and 1 part of deionized water, adding the mixture into 1 part of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 2.5 by using concentrated nitric acid to prepare solution II;
(3) and slowly dripping the solution I into the solution II under the stirring condition to obtain the lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol.
The preparation method of the nano alumina sol comprises the following steps: preparing an aluminum sulfate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 25%, heating the temperature to 65 ℃, adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 9.5, and performing suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a white solid; mixing the white solid with water according to the mass percent of 0.8%, adding acetic acid to adjust the pH value to 4, and refluxing for 4 hours at 75 ℃ to obtain the nano alumina sol.
And (3) performance testing:
1. the insulator porcelain pieces in examples 1 to 5, the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain pieces in examples 6 to 9, and the insulator porcelain piece pattern 10 pieces prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 were respectively taken, and the appearance mechanical properties, the electrical properties, and other properties of the insulator were measured according to the relevant standards of GB/T772 and GB/T1001.1, and the average data thereof was recorded.
(1) The samples were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling at-50 ℃ to 40 ℃ for 30 times and 60 times, and whether the samples had cracks or not was observed, with the test results shown in table 1.
Table 1:
freeze thawing cycle 30 times Freeze thawing cycle for 60 times
Example 1 Smooth and crackless surface Few surface cracks
Example 2 Smooth and crackless surface Few surface cracks
Example 3 Smooth and crackless surface Few surface cracks
Example 4 Smooth and crackless surface Few surface cracks
Example 5 Smooth and crackless surface Few surface cracks
Example 6 Smooth and crackless surface Smooth and crackless surface
Example 7 Smooth and crackless surface Smooth and crackless surface
Example 8 Smooth and crackless surface Smooth and crackless surface
Example 9 Smooth and crackless surface Smooth and crackless surface
Comparative example 1 Smooth and crackless surface Few cracks on the surface (more than in example 1)
Comparative example 2 Smooth and crackless surface Few cracks on the surface (more than in example 1)
Comparative example 3 Smooth and crackless surface Few cracks on the surface (less than in example 1)
As is clear from Table 1, the insulator porcelain in examples 1 to 5, examples6-9, the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator has the advantages of strong freeze-thaw resistance, higher weather resistance and strong low-temperature resistance, and is suitable for long-term use in extremely cold areas. In comparative example 1, after the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material was replaced with kaolin, the weather resistance of the porcelain insulator porcelain was reduced to some extent, and in comparative example 2, after the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide-coated nano boron nitride was replaced with nano boron nitride, the weather resistance of the porcelain insulator porcelain was also reduced to some extent, while in comparative example 3, no cerium oxide/SiO was added to the strengthening layer2When the graphene oxide composite material is coated, the strengthening effect is weakened, and the weather resistance of the insulator porcelain piece is reduced.
(2) The bending strength and the tensile strength of the test sample are tested, and the flashover voltage value (kV) of the lightning protection full-wave impact is measured, and the specific test result is shown in table 2.
Table 2:
flexural Strength/MPa Tensile strength/MPa Lightning protection full wave impulse flashover voltage value/kV
Example 1 336 221 206
Example 2 316 206 203
Example 3 325 216 193
Example 4 312 211 192
Example 5 318 213 198
Example 6 343 226 215
Example 7 322 213 209
Example 8 333 223 199
Example 9 331 222 201
Comparative example 1 301 196 186
Comparative example 2 298 190 181
Comparative example 3 339 223 209
As is clear from Table 2, the porcelain insulators of examples 1 to 5 and the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulators of examples 6 to 9 were mechanically strong. In comparative examples 1 and 2, the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is replaced by kaolin, and the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride is replaced by nano boron nitride, so that the mechanical property and the lightning protection full-wave impact flashover voltage value of the porcelain insulator are reduced, and cerium oxide/SiO is not added into the strengthening layer2When the graphene oxide composite material is coated, the strengthening effect of the whole ceramic piece is weakened.
2. The reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain of examples 6 to 9 was subjected to the antifouling test.
Artificially simulating a pollution experiment: rapeseed edible oil is used as a simulated organic pollutant, and a simulated inorganic pollutant solution is composed of kaolin, NaCl and water. The steps of manually spraying the filth are as follows: firstly, 2mL of edible oil is dissolved in 40mL of acetone for dilution, and then the diluted edible oil acetone solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of an insulator by a sprayer. Mixing distilled water, kaolin and NaCl in a mass ratio of 200: 10: and 1, manually spraying the insulator with the dirty liquid. Tap water was used to simulate natural rain during the test. Specific results are shown in table 3.
Table 3:
inorganic filth accumulation Accumulation of organic pollutants
Example 6 No dust on the surface No dirt on the surface
Example 7 No dust on the surface No dirt on the surface
Example 8 No dust on the surface No dirt on the surface
Example 9 No dust on the surface No dirt on the surface
As can be seen from Table 3, the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator in the embodiments 6 to 9 of the present invention has excellent antifouling performance and excellent self-cleaning effect.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission is characterized by comprising a porcelain insulator porcelain part; a glaze layer is arranged outside the porcelain piece of the porcelain insulator, and a strengthening layer and a self-cleaning layer are sequentially arranged outside the glaze layer;
the porcelain insulator porcelain piece comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-36 parts of aluminum oxide, 25-30 parts of calcined high-alumina bauxite, 4-7 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-20 parts of zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material, 8-13 parts of fluorapatite, 1.5-2.5 parts of cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride and 3-5 parts of sintering aid;
the zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material is prepared by the following method: adding 10-13 parts of kaolin into 1 part of zirconium dioxide sol, uniformly mixing, and then placing the mixture into a grinding machine for grinding for 3-4 hours to obtain a mixture; standing the mixture for 3-4 days, placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining the mixture for 3-4 hours at 780-800 ℃, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding the mixture to obtain a zirconium dioxide/kaolin composite material;
the sintering aid is sodium silicate and samarium oxide according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.2-0.5;
the glaze slip used for the glaze layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of quartz, 8-10 parts of talcum powder, 5-8 parts of alumina, 3-4 parts of zirconium silicate and 3-5 parts of limestone;
when the porcelain insulator is prepared, the blank of the porcelain part of the porcelain insulator is pre-sintered, and the glazed blank is subjected to a treatment process of 650 plus 720 ℃ and heat preservation.
2. The porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission according to claim 1, wherein the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide-coated nano boron nitride is prepared by the following method: adding 10 parts of nano boron nitride with the particle size of 30-80nm and 20 parts of deionized water into a reaction kettle, stirring uniformly, adding 0.2 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, stirring uniformly, heating to 50-60 ℃, continuing to stir for 30-50min, then adding 1 part of 1mol/L cerium nitrate solution and 0.5 part of 1mol/L lanthanum nitrate solution, stirring uniformly, slowly adding 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution until the pH value is 8-8.5, standing for 1 day, filtering, washing a filter cake by using deionized water, placing the filter cake into a muffle furnace, heating to 130-135 ℃, calcining for 4-5h, then slowly heating to 770-780 ℃, calcining for 3-4h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the cerium oxide/lanthanum oxide coated nano boron nitride.
3. The porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission according to claim 1, wherein the coating used for the strengthening layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of nano alumina sol and cerium oxide/SiO20.2-0.5 part of coated graphene oxide composite material, 1-1.5 parts of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1 part of nano attapulgite and 1-1.5 parts of nano boron nitride;
the coating used by the self-cleaning layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of lanthanum/cerium codoped titanium dioxide sol, 20-30 parts of nano alumina sol, 0.8-1.5 parts of needle-shaped wollastonite and 0.1-0.3 part of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker.
4. The porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission according to claim 3, wherein the cerium oxide/SiO solid is2The preparation method of the coated graphene oxide composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing ethyl orthosilicate and absolute ethyl alcohol, adding graphene oxide and cerium nitrate, stirring for 60-90min, slowly dripping deionized water while stirring, continuing to stir for 30-40min, then slowly dripping hydrochloric acid ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.25 mol/L, controlling the temperature between 40-45 ℃ in the dripping process, and reacting for 30-40min to obtain a mixed material; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the graphene oxide to the cerium nitrate is 5: 6-8: 0.2-0.5; the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate to hydrogen chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water and hydrochloric acid ethanol solution is 1: 4-5: 3-4: 0.05-0.06;
(2) mixing the above materials at 70-75 deg.CDrying in vacuum to constant weight, heating to 240 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 70-100min, heating to 950 ℃ in 880 ℃, calcining for 2.5-3.5h, and cooling to room temperature in furnace to obtain cerium oxide/SiO2And coating the graphene oxide composite material.
5. The porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1 part of butyl titanate in 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and stirring until the solution is transparent to obtain a solution I;
(2) preparing a lanthanum nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and a cerium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L; uniformly mixing 0.2-0.4 part of lanthanum nitrate solution, 0.1-0.2 part of cerium nitrate solution and 1 part of deionized water, adding the mixture into 1 part of absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 2-3 by using concentrated nitric acid to prepare solution II;
(3) and slowly dripping the solution I into the solution II under the stirring condition to obtain the lanthanum/cerium co-doped titanium dioxide sol.
6. The method for preparing the porcelain insulator for low-temperature-resistant high-voltage power transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the insulator porcelain according to the proportion; premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1: 1.1 to 1.2, the ball milling time is 12 to 15 hours, and the fineness of the ball-milled mixture reaches 0.5 to 1.1 percent;
(2) sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
(3) pre-sintering the obtained blank at the temperature of 420-450 ℃ for 30-50 min; then glazing to obtain a glazed blank;
(4) heating the glazed blank to 650 plus materials at a heating rate of 16-20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35-45min, then heating to 1180 plus materials at a heating rate of 8-13 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3.5-4 h; then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a glazed porcelain insulator;
(5) cleaning the porcelain insulator porcelain in the step (4), drying, immersing the porcelain insulator porcelain into the coating used for the strengthening layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 60-90s, drying at 100 ℃ for 40-60min, then placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 620-650 ℃, calcining for 1.5-2h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the strengthened porcelain insulator porcelain;
(6) cleaning and drying the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain, immersing the reinforced porcelain insulator porcelain into a coating used for a self-cleaning layer, keeping rotating, lifting the porcelain insulator porcelain out of the liquid level after 35-45s, drying at 100 ℃ for 30-40min, placing the porcelain insulator porcelain in a muffle furnace under the protection of nitrogen, slowly heating to 500-530 ℃, calcining for 2-2.5h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator porcelain;
(7) and (4) cementing, maintaining, detecting and packaging the obtained reinforced/self-cleaning porcelain insulator to obtain the porcelain insulator.
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