CN113335323A - Noise reduction control method, air conditioning unit, rail vehicle and noise reduction device - Google Patents
Noise reduction control method, air conditioning unit, rail vehicle and noise reduction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113335323A CN113335323A CN202110690055.XA CN202110690055A CN113335323A CN 113335323 A CN113335323 A CN 113335323A CN 202110690055 A CN202110690055 A CN 202110690055A CN 113335323 A CN113335323 A CN 113335323A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a noise reduction control method, wherein an air conditioning unit comprises a noise reduction device and a control system which is arranged in the noise reduction device, the noise reduction device comprises one or more sound acquisition devices capable of acquiring noise data, a standard value of running noise is arranged in the control system, and the control system compares real-time noise data acquired by the acquisition devices with the standard value of the noise to acquire over-limit noise and eliminates the over-limit noise according to a preset program. The invention further provides an air conditioning unit, a railway vehicle and a noise reduction device using the noise reduction control method. The noise reduction control method, the air conditioning unit, the rail vehicle and the noise reduction device provided by the invention can effectively reduce the running noise of the air conditioning system and intelligently reduce the noise of the rail vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioner products, in particular to a noise reduction control method, an air conditioning unit, a railway vehicle and a noise reduction device.
Background
The variable frequency air conditioner adjusts the output cold quantity by automatically adjusting the running frequency of a compressor, the rotating speed of a fan and other methods according to the load change such as the indoor set temperature target, the passenger capacity and the like, so that the temperature in the passenger room is kept in a set temperature range, when the indoor temperature reaches a desired value, the air conditioner compressor keeps running at a certain rotating speed, and the fan adjusts the air quantity and the air speed by adjusting the rotating speed (namely the rotating speed of rotor parts such as the fan, the compressor and the like is changed), so that the noise value and the sound frequency spectrum emitted by the air conditioner per se are changed; cabin noise also varies due to the complex environmental effects of the vehicle travel route.
The active noise reduction measure for the rail vehicle system is generally integrated inside a vehicle air duct or a carriage at present, an acoustic sensor and a noise generator of the active noise reduction system are limited by mounting positions and quantity, the noise states of all rotor components inside a complete machine and a unit of the variable-frequency air conditioner can not be monitored in real time, the influence of running noise of the air conditioner and environmental noise on the inside of the carriage can not be reduced simultaneously, and the riding comfort of the vehicle is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems and the defects and provides a noise reduction control method, an air conditioning unit, a railway vehicle and a noise reduction device, which can effectively reduce noise.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly provides a noise reduction control method, which has the technical scheme that:
a noise reduction control method is a control system arranged in a noise reduction device, wherein the noise reduction device comprises one or more sound acquisition devices capable of acquiring noise data, a standard value of operating noise is arranged in the control system, and the control system compares real-time noise data acquired by the acquisition devices with the standard value of the noise to acquire over-limit noise and eliminates the over-limit noise according to a preset program.
Further, the noise reduction device comprises a sound source device arranged at the noise collection point, and the control system controls the sound source device at the noise overrun position to emit a reversed-phase sound source to reduce noise.
And further, performing octave analysis on the overrun noise, acquiring an overrun sound source in the overrun noise, and eliminating the overrun sound source, so that the total sound pressure of the overrun noise is reduced.
Further, the following steps are adopted for determining the overrun sound source,
s1, performing octave analysis on the overrun noise signal Lp collected by the sound collection device to obtain f and P corresponding to Lp (f, P) of the noise, respectively calculating the obtained noise frequency bands to obtain the difference value of adjacent frequency bands, wherein deltaLeft side of＝|Pi-1-PiI and DeltaRight side＝|Pi+1-PiI, when ΔLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen greater than the limit, it is labeled Lp (f)i1,Pi1)，…，Lp (fij,Pij)，…，Lp(fin,Pin) Wherein f represents frequency and P represents amplitude; i, j and n are natural numbers;
s2, calculating DeltaP＝|MAX(Pi1,L,Pij,L Pin)-PijAnd if the delta P is larger than the preset value, eliminating the delta P to obtain a final overrun sound source Lp (F0, P), wherein F0 is the frequency of the overrun sound source.
Further, ΔLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideThe number of the limit (2) is plural, and each limit is marked.
Further, the limits include N1, N2, and N3, which divide the adjacent band difference into three steps when
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideGreater than N1, marker LpH (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpH(fij,Pij),…,LpH (fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideMarker LpM when N2 is larger than N1 or smaller (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpM(fij,Pij),…, LpM(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideMarker LpL (f) when N3 is more than N2 or lessi1,Pi1)，…，LpL(fij,Pij),…, LpL(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen the value is greater than 0dB and less than or equal to N3, the label Lp (f)i1,Pi1)，…，Lp(fij,Pij),…, Lp(fin,Pin)；
Through step S2, a three-gear overrun sound source and the corresponding sound source frequency Lp (F0, P) are acquired.
Further, all the obtained overrun frequencies are subjected to noise reduction processing.
Furthermore, noise collected by the sound collection device is subjected to one third octave analysis in the range of 50Hz to 20000Hz, and the frequency and amplitude of the noise are obtained, wherein 50< (i, j, n) < 20000.
The second invention aims to provide an air conditioning unit, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an air conditioning unit which controls noise by the method as hereinbefore described.
The third invention of the invention aims to provide a railway vehicle, which adopts the following technical proposal,
a rail vehicle adopts the method for reducing the running noise generated by an air conditioning unit.
The fourth invention of the present invention is to provide a noise reduction apparatus, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a noise reduction device comprises a control system, one or more sound collecting devices capable of collecting noise data and a sound source device, wherein the control system is internally provided with the noise reduction control method for eliminating the overrun noise.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the noise reduction control method for the air conditioning unit, the rail vehicle and the noise reduction device provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the output noise characteristic of the air conditioner is obtained in advance, the synchronous control and synchronous processing of internal noise reduction and external active noise of the air conditioner are realized, and energy is saved;
2. the noise of the air conditioner is monitored in real time, and the health state of the air conditioner is detected, so that the detection is more visual;
3. the abnormal noise output by the air conditioner can realize early warning and prompt maintenance;
4. when the noise in the vehicle exceeds the standard, the noise reduction measures are intelligently started, so that the aim is achieved, the riding comfort of the vehicle is improved, and the noise reduction cost is reduced;
5. when the noise in the vehicle is abnormal continuously, an alarm can be given in advance to remind of maintenance;
6. under the more and more intelligent big background of air conditioner, can effectively reduce or avoid the periodic inspection air conditioner noise condition, provide more comfortable environment of taking, practice thrift artifical inspection simultaneously, use manpower sparingly cost improves fail safe nature.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of an outdoor cavity of an air conditioning unit in a railway vehicle;
FIG. 2: the invention provides a railway vehicle structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 3: the invention provides a noise reduction logic diagram of an air conditioning unit;
FIG. 4: the invention provides an intelligent noise reduction logic diagram of a railway vehicle;
fig. 5-1 to 5-5: the method for controlling noise reduction provided by the invention comprises the steps of confirming an overrun sound source schematic diagram;
FIG. 6: the invention provides a noise state monitoring and alarming logic diagram of a railway vehicle;
the air conditioning unit comprises an air conditioning unit 1, an outdoor cavity 2, an evaporator 3, a static pressure cavity 4, an in-vehicle air duct 5, a passenger room 6, a first sound collecting device 7, a first sound source device 8, a second sound collecting device 9 and a second sound source device 10.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The invention firstly provides a noise reduction control method, a control system arranged in a noise reduction device, wherein the noise reduction device comprises one or more sound acquisition devices capable of acquiring noise data, a standard value of operation noise is arranged in the control system, and the control system compares real-time noise data acquired by the acquisition devices with the standard value of the noise to acquire over-limit noise and eliminates the over-limit noise according to a preset program.
Taking an air conditioning unit for a railway vehicle as an example, describing the noise reduction control method provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the air conditioning unit 1 for the railway vehicle comprises an indoor cavity and an outdoor cavity 2, wherein the outdoor cavity 2 is arranged at the top of a passenger room 6, an evaporator 3 is arranged in the air conditioning unit, a static pressure cavity 4 is arranged at the end part of the air conditioning unit, fresh air in the external environment (outdoor environment) and return air in the passenger room 6 are mixed, then are subjected to heat exchange by the evaporator 3 and are filtered by a filter screen, and then flow into the static pressure cavity 4 at a high speed under the action of a ventilator, and the running noise of the air conditioning unit 1 flows into the static pressure cavity 4 along with the high-speed airflow after temperature change, and then forms stable airflow in the static pressure cavity 4 and then flows into the passenger room 6 through an air duct 8 in the railway vehicle.
In order to prevent the running noise of the air conditioning unit 1 from entering the passenger compartment 6 along with the airflow, an active noise reduction device is arranged in the static pressure cavity 4, and in the embodiment, the active noise reduction device mainly comprises a first sound source device 8 which can emit a sound source with a phase opposite to the noise frequency in the static pressure cavity 4 so as to offset the noise frequency and achieve the purpose of eliminating the noise. Before the air conditioning unit 1 is installed, noise conditions in the static pressure cavity 4 when the air conditioning unit 1 operates at different frequencies are respectively tested and collected, after a large amount of data are collected, data analysis is carried out, the corresponding relation between the different operating frequencies of the air conditioning unit 1 and the noise in the static pressure cavity 1 is determined, and the corresponding relations are prestored in a controller of the air conditioning unit 1. Furthermore, when data acquisition is carried out, the corresponding relation between the air conditioner running frequency, the running state of the rail vehicle and the noise in the static pressure cavity 4 can be acquired and stored in the controller in advance. After the variable frequency air conditioning system is assembled on a railway vehicle, in the running state, outdoor fresh air and return air of a passenger room 6 are subjected to mixed heat exchange and filtration and then are sent into a static pressure cavity 4 at the end part of an outdoor cavity 2 by a ventilator, wind noise and noise generated by the running of an air conditioning unit 1 enter the static pressure cavity 4 along with high-speed airflow at the same time, a controller controls the air conditioning unit 1 to run at different frequencies according to the temperature control requirement so as to effectively control the temperature in the passenger room 6, meanwhile, the controller pre-judges the noise value in the static pressure cavity 4 at the moment according to the corresponding relation between the stored running frequency and the noise, and according to the noise value, the first sound source device 8 is controlled to directionally emit a sound source with a phase opposite to that of the noise, so that the noise is eliminated, the active noise reduction in the air conditioning unit 1 is realized, the stable and noiseless air flow output by the static pressure cavity 1 enters the passenger room 6 through the air duct 5 in the passenger room, and the comfort of the passenger room is improved.
Under the condition that the temperature control requirement of the passenger room 6 is unchanged and the external environment temperature is relatively stable, the air conditioning unit 1 can work at a stable operation frequency within a certain time range, but the noise in the static pressure cavity 4 may change along with the operation condition of the rail vehicle, in order to further realize effective active noise reduction of the air conditioning unit 1, a first sound collecting device 7 is further arranged in the static pressure cavity 4 and is used for regularly collecting real-time noise values or noise data in the static pressure cavity 4, and a controller adjusts and controls a first sound source device 8 to directionally send out an anti-phase sound source signal according to the real-time noise data, so that active noise reduction is realized. The controller is internally provided with a timer, the working time T of the stable operation frequency of the air conditioning unit 1 is judged, when the working time T is longer than the preset time, the controller controls the first sound collecting device 7 to enter a working state, the frequency of the anti-phase sound source emitted by the first sound source device 8 is adjusted and controlled according to the real-time noise data in the static pressure cavity 4 in a timing mode, and therefore active noise reduction in the static pressure cavity 4 is achieved. A passive noise removing device can be arranged in the static pressure cavity 4, for example, noise removing cotton can be paved on the inner wall of the static pressure cavity 4 to remove part of noise.
The air flow enters the in-vehicle air duct 5 from the static pressure cavity 4, new noise may be generated in the in-vehicle air duct 5 during operation and the air inlet enters the passenger compartment 6, in order to eliminate the noise of the part, a second sound acquisition device 9 is arranged in the in-vehicle air duct 5 to acquire noise data in the in-vehicle air duct 5, further, the second sound acquisition device 9 can be arranged on the bottom wall (the side wall parallel to/close to the passenger compartment 6) of the in-vehicle air duct 5, especially at the air outlet to acquire the noise data at the air outlet, a second sound source device 10 is arranged in the passenger compartment 6 to emit an anti-phase sound source aiming at the wind noise at each air outlet to eliminate the air outlet noise. Correspondingly, the second sound collecting device 9 and the second sound source device 10 are both connected with the controller, the controller receives noise data collected by the second sound collecting device 9 and controls the second sound source device 10 to emit an anti-phase sound source with corresponding frequency, air outlet noise is eliminated, and active denoising outside the air conditioner is achieved. The second sound pickup device 9 may be installed inside the passenger compartment 6, for example, at each wind gap in the passenger compartment 6, and noise data at the wind gap is detected, and the controller controls the second sound source device 10 to emit an anti-phase sound source based on the noise data.
In this embodiment, the first and second sound source devices use microphones, and the controller controls to emit sound sources with different frequencies, the sound source emitting direction is opposite to the phase of the noise, and two sound waves with the same frequency but opposite wave directions (phases) meet each other, so that the sound waves are balanced, and the effect of eliminating the noise is achieved.
It should be noted that the first/second sound collecting device and the first/second sound source device determine one or more positions with larger noise in the static pressure cavity 4 and the air duct 5 in the vehicle according to the big data analysis of the air conditioning system test, and determine the noise direction, so as to determine the positions of the first/second sound collecting device and the first/second sound source device, so as to accurately measure the noise, and directionally emit sound sources with opposite phases.
In this embodiment, the first sound collection device 7 and the first sound source device 8 are simultaneously arranged in the static pressure cavity 4, the controller firstly controls the first sound source device 8 to emit a sound source opposite to noise according to the real-time operation frequency of the air conditioning unit 1 and by referring to the relationship between the operation frequency and the noise in the early big data analysis, so as to realize active noise reduction, and after the stable operation frequency of the air conditioning unit 1 is not changed, the controller then regularly adjusts the frequency of the anti-phase sound source emitted by the first sound source device 8 according to the noise data of the first sound collection device 7. In practical application, if a large amount of test data are not collected and sorted in an early stage, and the relationship between the operating frequency and the noise is not prestored, the first sound collecting device 7 and the first sound source device 8 can be directly adopted for matched control, after the air conditioning unit 1 operates, the first sound collecting device 7 collects noise data in the static pressure cavity 4 in real time, and the controller controls the first sound source device 8 to emit a directional sound source which has the same frequency as the noise data and is in an opposite phase according to the received noise data; or simply by pre-existing operating frequency to noise relationships within the controller, the first acoustic source device 8 is controlled to emit a directional, anti-phase acoustic source of the same frequency as the noise data matching the operating frequency. In practical application, a corresponding noise reduction device can be arranged at any position of the air conditioning unit 1 where the operating noise can be generated, the operating noise generated at the position is collected through the sound collection device, and the operating noise generated at the position is reduced by transmitting an anti-phase sound source with corresponding frequency through the sound source device.
When the air conditioning unit 1 performs noise control, as shown in fig. 3, the sound collection devices at the frequency points (positions where noise can be generated, that is, collection points of noise signals) of the air conditioning unit 1 collect noise in all operating states (frequency points) of the air conditioning unit 1, perform octave analysis, and extract sound source characteristics; simultaneously, testing the noise of all operating frequencies at the position points of each fan, each compressor, each air duct and the like which are likely to generate operating noise respectively, performing octave analysis, and extracting the sound source characteristics; and comparing the sound source characteristics of the sound acquisition device and the sound source characteristics of each fan and each compressor, determining the frequency components and contribution of each noise source of the sound acquisition device, and finally obtaining the corresponding noise characteristics of the air conditioner in each running state. The air conditioning unit 1 determines standard noise, namely a noise reduction reference value according to noise requirements, and prestores the standard noise in a controller, noise reduction devices arranged at various positions of the air conditioning unit 1 reduce the operating noise of the air conditioning unit to the standard noise or below the standard noise, the controller can be internally provided with the uniform standard noise of the air conditioning unit 1, and the standard noise can be respectively arranged at positions generating the operating noise, or the standard noise different from other positions is arranged at the positions of part of noise.
The controller of the air conditioning unit 1 receives the noise real-time information collected by each sound collection device, standard noise is prestored in the controller, the standard noise can be unified standard noise after big data simulation, the standard noise can also be corresponding standard noise of the air conditioning unit 1 under different operation conditions, the corresponding sound source device is controlled according to the difference value of the real-time noise and the standard noise, corresponding reverse phase sound sources are emitted, the noise of the part is reduced to or below the standard noise, in the embodiment, the ultralimit sound sources are determined, the ultralimit sound sources are purposefully eliminated to be below the standard noise or the standard noise, and meanwhile, the sound quality of the noise is improved. The system analysis calculation for determining the overrun sound source comprises the following steps:
s1: the noise signal Lp collected by the sound collecting device at each collecting point in the car is subjected to octave analysis to obtain Lp (f, P), in this embodiment, one third octave of noise in the range of 50Hz to 20000Hz is performed to obtain corresponding f and P, a noise map as shown in fig. 5 is formed, and the obtained noise frequency bands are subjected to difference calculation of adjacent frequency bands: deltaLeft side of＝|Pi-1-PiI and DeltaRight side＝|Pi+1-PiI, when ΔLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen greater than the limit, the label is Lp(fi1,Pi1)，…，Lp(fij,Pij)，…，Lp(fin,Pin) Wherein f represents frequency and P represents amplitude; i, j and n are natural numbers;
in the present embodiment, ΔLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideThe limit value can be set to different values according to the noise reduction requirement, so as to realize the noise reduction effect of different gears, for example, the limit value can be set to N1, N2 and N3, the adjacent frequency bands are divided into three gears, so as to realize the noise reduction of the three gears:
when deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideGreater than N1, marker LpH (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpH(fij,Pij),…,LpH(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideMarker LpM when N2 is larger than N1 or smaller (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpM(fij,Pij),…,LpM (fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideMarker LpL (f) when N3 is more than N2 or lessi1,Pi1)，…，LpL(fij,Pij),…,LpL (fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen the value is greater than 0dB and less than or equal to N3, the label Lp (f)i1,Pi1)，…，Lp(fij,Pij),…,Lp (fin,Pin)；
In this embodiment, let N1 be 7, N2 be 5, and N3 be 3, and divide noise reduction into three steps:
when deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideGreater than 7dB, marker LpH (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpH(fij,Pij),…,LpH(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideGreater than 5dB and less than or equal to 7dB, marker LpM (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpM(fij,Pij),…, LpM(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen the value is greater than 3dB and less than or equal to 5dB, the label is LpL (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpL(fij,Pij),…, LpL(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen the value is greater than 0dB and less than or equal to 3dB, marking Lp (f)i1,Pi1)，…，Lp(fij,Pij),…,Lp (fin,Pin)。
Where f represents frequency and P represents amplitude, 50< (i, j, n) < 20000.
S2, calculating:
ΔP＝|MAX(Pi1,L,Pij,L Pin)-Pij|
extracting f with Δ p > 10dB in Lp7, Lp5 and Lp3 respectively according to the formulaijAnd respectively eliminated in the first step marking. And acquiring final Lp overrun of high, medium and low gears (F0, P). Where F0 is the overrun source frequency.
The above description is only for third gear, and how to identify overrun noise in overrun noise and determine the specific boundary data of third gear. In practical application, noise gears and data of each gear can be reasonably set according to different requirements of environment on noise.
The total sound pressure level of the noise is collected through the sound collecting device, one-third octave analysis is carried out on the noise, the frequency band of the noise can be obtained, the Y axis can be the sound pressure value corresponding to the noise frequency band under different frequencies, the total sound pressure of the noise can be calculated through one-third octave, in a frequency band diagram, the total sound pressure level can be increased through the prominent frequency band, therefore, in order to reduce the noise, the frequency band which causes the total sound pressure level of the noise to be increased needs to be searched and determined in the frequency band, the frequency band can be determined as the ultralimit sound source frequency, noise reduction treatment is carried out on the ultralimit sound source frequency in a targeted mode, the whole sound pressure level is reduced through a mode of reducing the frequency band sound pressure value corresponding to the ultralimit sound source frequency, and the noise reduction effect is achieved. In this embodiment, the operating noises of five fans are respectively collected and one-third octave analysis is performed on the collected noises, so as to obtain five noise frequency band diagrams as shown in fig. 5-1 to 5-5 in fig. 5, and the total sound pressure level of the noises corresponding to each diagram is obtained by calculating the frequency band of each noise frequency band diagram, which is respectively 56.55db (a), 58.03db (a), 57.49db (a), 58.79db (a), 58.71db (a), and exceeds the set standard value of 55db (a), and the operating noises of each fan are required to be denoised according to the theoretical requirement.
As shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 5-1, the sound pressure values of the noise bands of the acquisition bands are plotted on the Y-axis, the connection lines of the bands form a relatively smooth curve, and the connection lines of most of the bands with the left and right bands are relatively smooth, as described above, by calculating the Δ between the bandsLeft side ofAnd/or deltaRight sideDetermining the range of the interval in which the difference value lies, (7,. alpha., (5, 7), (3, 5), (0, 3), calculating Δ p, and extracting f with Δ p > 10dBijEliminating, finally obtaining only 4 ultralimit sound source frequencies, marking four frequency bands identified by numbers in the figure as ultralimit sound sources respectively, reducing noise aiming at the four frequency bands, reducing noise (amplitude), reducing the sound pressure of the ultralimit sound source to delta left or delta right of the original frequency band directly, enabling the delta left or delta right calculated by the reduced frequency band and the adjacent frequency band to be in an allowable range, enabling the frequency band corresponding to the ultralimit sound source to be close to the left or right adjacent frequency band thereof, and not forming abrupt frequency, thereby improving the sound quality of the noise while reducing the whole noise value. The situation is similar in fig. 5-3.
The same processing is performed for the noises shown in FIGS. 5-2 to 5-5, and by calculating Δ left and/or Δ right of adjacent frequency bands (sound pressure values), the range of the section where each difference value exists is determined, (7,. varies), (5, 7), (3, 5), (0, 3), respectively labeled, Δ p is calculated, and f where Δ p > 10dB is extractedijAnd eliminating, finally obtaining the frequency of the overrun sound source, marking the frequency bands as the overrun sound sources respectively as frequency bands marked by numbers in the figure, performing targeted noise reduction treatment, and transmitting an opposite-phase sound source through a sound source device to reduce the sound pressure value of the overrun sound source so as to reduce the noise.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the noise is specifically reduced with respect to the overrun sound source by emitting the antiphase sound source, but not all the noise at the collection point is reduced to zero, but the overrun sound source is determined to reduce the abrupt frequency band to an amplitude close to other frequency bands, so that the operation noise is relatively smooth, no sharp audio frequency exists, and the sound quality of the noise is improved on the basis of reducing the overall noise amplitude.
Through the two steps of over-limit sound source and frequency confirmation methods, the frequency band and frequency with overlarge adjacent frequency band difference can be searched out, namely the frequency band influencing the integral noise sound pressure value and sound quality; secondly, by comparing the difference values of the corresponding amplitudes of the frequency multiplication, a larger frequency band is marked, namely the frequency with the largest influence on the noise value is selected. The overrun sound source frequency determined in this manner is a frequency having the greatest influence on the sound quality and sound pressure. The noise reduction is carried out by using the overrun frequency, so that the noise can be accurately reduced, and the sound quality can be improved.
In addition, the difference of adjacent frequency bands is three grades of high, medium and low, namely the influence of sound quality in the ultralimit sound source is also divided into three grades, and the method can be simultaneously used for determining the target ultralimit frequency for intelligently reducing noise and improving sound quality.
According to the method, noise reduction control is carried out on the air conditioning unit 1, when the air conditioning unit 1 is installed on a rail car, the noise reduction control method is also suitable for intelligent noise reduction control of the whole carriage (including noise generated by train operation and operation noise of the air conditioning unit 1), except for all noise reduction devices arranged on the air conditioning unit 1, corresponding noise reduction devices can be arranged in the carriage, noise reduction treatment is carried out on noise in the carriage, real-time monitoring of the noise in the carriage (including the operation noise of the air conditioning unit 1 in the carriage) is achieved, and when the collected ground noise signal exceeds standard noise in the carriage, an active noise reduction device (a sound source device capable of emitting an anti-phase sound source) is automatically started, so that intelligent noise reduction is achieved. As shown in fig. 4, the air conditioning unit 1 obtains the output signal Lp of the sound collecting device in the vehicle cabin through the controller, the control system compares the noise value Lp collected in real time with the indoor noise requirement value L (standard noise), if Lp is less than or equal to L, the process returns, the noise detection in the vehicle cabin is carried out again at an interval of 10s (the interval time can be set according to the requirement and after the interval preset time), and the value is fed back. If Lp is greater than L, the derivation logic enters the next step, Lp duration time with noise exceeding requirements is detected, if the duration time is greater than T (the duration time is also set by a user, and can be 10s, and the same is true later), the next step logic is entered, the characteristics of collected noise in the vehicle are analyzed (by using the method shown in FIG. 3), and the frequency F0 of the sound source exceeding the limit is further determined; and when the duration is less than or equal to T, entering continuous detection times statistics, if the continuous times are more than n (the continuous times can be set by self, and can be 10 times, and the same later), pushing the logic to enter the next step, and if the continuous times are not more than n, returning to perform noise detection in the carriage again, feeding back numerical values, and repeatedly detecting and comparing. And analyzing the characteristics of the collected noise in the vehicle, determining the frequency F0 of the ultralimit sound source, and selectively starting or simultaneously starting the active noise reduction device in the air conditioner and the vehicle according to the frequency components of the ultralimit sound source obtained by analysis. In practical application, the time for detecting the noise in the carriage at intervals and the continuous detection times can be set according to the precision required by noise control. When falling the intelligence of noise and air conditioning unit operating noise in the rail vehicle car (vehicle) simultaneously and making an uproar, the noise information that each sound collection system collected, can be according to the reservation procedure, give air conditioning unit's controller or rail vehicle's master controller for, each noise production position of air conditioning unit and rail vehicle sets up sound collection system and corresponding sound source device respectively, the noise standard value that each point corresponds is prestored to controller or master controller, and the real-time noise that will collect compares respectively with the standard value of prestoring that corresponds, control each point respectively by controller or master controller and carry out intelligence and fall the noise.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the noise in the carriage can be monitored in real time and the intelligent noise reduction treatment can be carried out, and meanwhile, the abnormal state alarm signal can be fed back when the continuously detected noise exceeds the limit times. As shown in fig. 6, the air conditioning unit 1 obtains the output signal Lp of the sound collection device in the vehicle compartment through the internal controller, the controller compares the noise value Lp collected in real time with the indoor standard noise value L, if Lp is less than or equal to L, the operation returns, the noise detection in the vehicle compartment is carried out again, and the value is fed back. And if Lp is larger than the L requirement value, the next step is carried out, and the intelligent noise reduction module is started.
Setting continuous detection time to confirm whether the noise overrun duration time t in the carriage is continuously overrun, if t is 90 minutes, judging that the noise overrun duration time t in the carriage exceeds a required value for 90 minutes (the duration time can be set by self), counting the detection of the overrun time, increasing the count by 1 when the noise overrun duration time t exceeds 90 minutes, detecting the noise overrun duration time again, and continuously accumulating the steps for 5 times or more, so that the air conditioner controller sends an alarm signal to the air conditioner operation and maintenance system.
When the rail vehicle and the air conditioning unit installed on the rail vehicle simultaneously carry out overrun alarming, the controller or the master controller can carry out overrun alarming, and the overrun alarming is respectively transmitted to the air conditioning operation and maintenance system or the rail vehicle operation and maintenance system according to the overrun noise position, and can also be uniformly transmitted to any one of the operation and maintenance systems. The controller or the main controller can also be internally provided with an alarm system, and can respectively alarm aiming at the noise overrun position so as to be convenient for the targeted maintenance of the operation and maintenance system.
In practical applications, the air conditioning unit 1 may be applied to various environments requiring temperature adjustment, such as a workshop, an office building, and the like, and therefore, the foregoing description should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Similarly, the noise overrun sound source, the overrun sound source frequency and the noise reduction method provided by the invention can also be applied to various technical fields which can generate noise and need noise reduction, the method can also be arranged in a control system of a noise reduction device to carry out noise reduction control in a device control range, the noise reduction device comprises one or more sound acquisition devices and sound source devices which can acquire noise data at different positions, and operations such as noise reduction control, noise overrun alarm and the like are carried out according to the method.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the noise reduction control method, the air conditioning unit, the rail vehicle and the noise reduction device provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the output noise characteristic of the air conditioner is obtained in advance, the synchronous control and synchronous processing of internal noise reduction and external active noise of the air conditioner are realized, and energy is saved;
2. the noise of the air conditioner is monitored in real time, and the health state of the air conditioner is detected, so that the detection is more visual;
3. the abnormal noise output by the air conditioner can realize early warning and prompt maintenance;
4. when the noise in the vehicle exceeds the standard, the noise reduction measures are intelligently started, so that the aim is achieved, the riding comfort of the vehicle is improved, and the noise reduction cost is reduced;
5. when the noise in the vehicle is abnormal continuously, an alarm can be given in advance to remind of maintenance;
6. under the more and more intelligent big background of air conditioner, can effectively reduce or avoid the periodic inspection air conditioner noise condition, provide more comfortable environment of taking, practice thrift artifical inspection simultaneously, use manpower sparingly cost improves fail safe nature.
Similar solutions can be derived as described above in connection with the given solution content. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A noise reduction control method is characterized in that: the control system is internally provided with a noise reduction device, the noise reduction device comprises one or more sound acquisition devices capable of acquiring noise data, a standard value of operating noise is arranged in the control system, the control system compares the real-time noise data acquired by the acquisition devices with the standard value of the noise to acquire the over-limit noise, and the over-limit noise is eliminated according to a preset program.
2. A noise reduction control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the noise reduction device comprises a sound source device arranged at a noise collection point, and the control system controls the noise exceeding position to emit a reversed-phase sound source to reduce noise.
3. A noise reduction control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and performing octave analysis on the overrun noise, acquiring an overrun sound source in the overrun noise, and eliminating the overrun sound source, thereby reducing the total sound pressure of the overrun noise.
4. A noise reduction control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the determination of an overrun sound source takes the following steps,
s1, performing octave analysis on the overrun noise signal Lp collected by the sound collection device to obtain f and P corresponding to Lp (f, P) of the noise, respectively calculating the obtained noise frequency bands to obtain the difference value of adjacent frequency bands, wherein deltaLeft side of＝|Pi-1-PiI and DeltaRight side＝|Pi+1-PiI, when ΔLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideWhen greater than the limit, the label is Lp(fi1,Pi1)，…，Lp(fij,Pij)，…，Lp(fin,Pin) Wherein f represents frequency and P represents amplitude; i, j and n are natural numbers;
s2, calculating DeltaP＝|MAX(Pi1,L,Pij,L Pin)-PijAnd if the delta P is larger than the preset value, eliminating the delta P to obtain a final overrun sound source Lp (F0, P), wherein F0 is the frequency of the overrun sound source.
5. A noise reduction control method according to claim 4, wherein Δ isLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideThe number of the limit (2) is plural, and each limit is marked.
6. A noise reduction control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the limit values include N1, N2 and N3, and the adjacent band difference is divided into three stages when
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideGreater than N1, marker LpH (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpH(fij,Pij),…,LpH(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideMarker LpM when N2 is larger than N1 or smaller (f)i1,Pi1)，…，LpM(fij,Pij),…,LpM(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideMarker LpL (f) when N3 is more than N2 or lessi1,Pi1)，…，LpL(fij,Pij),…,LpL(fin,Pin)；
When deltaLeft side ofOr ΔRight sideGreater than 0dB less than etcAt N3, label Lp (f)i1,Pi1)，…，Lp(fij,Pij),…,Lp(fin,Pin)；
Through step S2, a three-gear overrun sound source and a corresponding sound source frequency Lp are acquired (F0, P).
7. A noise reduction control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: and performing noise reduction processing on all the acquired overrun frequencies.
8. A noise reduction control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: noise to collection of sound collection system carries out the one third octave analysis of 50Hz to 20000Hz scope, acquires the frequency and the amplitude of noise, 50< (i, j, n) < 20000.
9. An air conditioning unit, its characterized in that: the air conditioning assembly controls noise by the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
10. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: the rail vehicle reduces the running noise generated by the air conditioning unit by adopting the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. A noise reducing device, characterized by: the noise reduction device comprises a control system, one or more sound collecting devices capable of collecting noise data and a sound source device, wherein the control system is internally provided with the noise reduction control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and eliminates the overrun noise.
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