CN113335055A - 用于机动车辆的混合驱动器的变速器装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的混合驱动器的变速器装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113335055A
CN113335055A CN202110219975.3A CN202110219975A CN113335055A CN 113335055 A CN113335055 A CN 113335055A CN 202110219975 A CN202110219975 A CN 202110219975A CN 113335055 A CN113335055 A CN 113335055A
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transmission
shaft
gear
electric machine
driven
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CN202110219975.3A
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English (en)
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H·伯纳德
P·迈克尔
G·约翰内斯
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/046—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement with an additional planetary gear train, e.g. creep gear, overdrive
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆、尤其用于商用车辆的混合驱动器的变速器装置，变速器装置包括换挡变速器(1)、尤其组合式变速器(1)，换挡变速器具有从动侧(1b)、从动凸缘(2)以及副轴(VW1)。在此提出，在换挡变速器(1)上布置有附加变速器(3)，附加变速器具有至少一个电动机器(EM)和至少一个传动级
Figure DDA0002954398260000011
其中至少一个电动机器(EM)藉由至少一个传动级
Figure DDA0002954398260000012
与副轴(VW1)相连接并且能够作为额外的电驱动器被接通。

Description

用于机动车辆的混合驱动器的变速器装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆、尤其用于商用车辆的混合驱动器的变速器装置，该变速器装置包括换挡变速器、尤其组合式变速器，该换挡变速器具有从动侧、从动凸缘以及至少一个副轴。
背景技术
通过DE 10 2016 218 361 A1已知一种混合式的机动车辆变速器，该机动车辆变速器被设计为具有主组和传动比范围组(Bereichsgruppe)的组合式变速器并且在其输入侧或驱动侧上具有能够藉由行星齿轮组与组合式变速器的主组相联接的电动机器。电动机器和行星齿轮组被布置成与主组的输入轴共轴。主组具有分别带有五个固定齿轮的两个副轴，这些固定齿轮与输入轴上的惰轮处于齿接合。布置在从动侧的传动比范围组被设计为行星齿轮传动装置。
发明内容
从具有燃烧发动机和多挡位换挡变速器的常规驱动器出发，本发明的目的是将常规驱动器改装成混合驱动器。
本发明包括说明书的特征。有利的设计方案自说明书得出。
根据本发明提出的是，在已知的用于商用车辆的换挡变速器、尤其组合式变速器上布置有附加变速器，所述附加变速器具有至少一个电动机器和至少一个传动级，其中所述至少一个电动机器藉由所述至少一个传动级与所述换挡变速器的副轴相连接并且能够作为额外的电驱动器被接通。由此实现如下优点：通过随后或任选地安装混合动力模块可以将机动车辆的常规的具有燃烧发动机的驱动器装配成混合驱动器。电动机器是优选针对低于低电压极限(48伏)的运行而设计的并且因此是成本有效的。在现有的商用车辆变速器上只须做出很小的改动，以便可以将具有一个或多个电动机器的附加变速器(即混合动力模块)装配在换挡变速器上。在必要时，在不再存在对混合驱动器的需求的情况下，混合动力模块可以再次被拆除。
根据一个优选的实施方式，混合动力模在换挡变速器的后侧或从动侧处被布置在从动凸缘旁。有利的是，通过与万向轴平行的进行安装，变速器在马达凸缘/从动凸缘的相应长度上而没有被延长或者尽可能少地被延长。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，在功率流中在该至少一个电动机器与副轴之间布置有至少一个换挡离合器(优选爪式离合器)，藉由该换挡离合器能够使电驱动器被接通或者断开联接。电动机器藉由传动级来驱动副轴，功率从该副轴流动到变速器输出轴上。由此，在换挡变速器的从动凸缘处燃烧发动机的功率和电动机器的功率均可供使用。然而，也存在如下可能性：关断燃烧发动机并且纯电动地行驶。此外，还可以从车辆或内燃发动机的动能获得电能以用于使辅助机组运行或者以用于储存。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，在所述附加变速器上紧固有两个电动机器，其中在附加变速器的相反侧上，一方面可以实现轴线平行的布置方式或者另一方面可以实现共轴的布置方式。电动机器的不同布置方式还取决于机动车辆中的安装可能性。更多的可供使用的电能的量在更大程度上减小了燃料消耗并且允许关停内燃发动机以及在行驶时再次启动内燃发动机。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，所述电动机器指配有辅助变速器，所述辅助变速器带有分别具有太阳轴、齿圈轴以及行星架轴的第一行星齿轮组或第二行星齿轮组。由此，得到如下优点，行星组的驱动器和从动器能够被布置成共轴的并且布置在同一侧上，即布置在辅助变速器的与附加变速器相邻的一侧上。藉由辅助变速器的行星组的传动可以通过电动机器来重新启动被关断的燃烧发动机。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，所述第一行星齿轮组是能够切换的，其中能够通过固持所述齿圈轴来切换第一挡位，并且能够通过使所述太阳轴与所述齿圈轴连锁来切换第二挡位。“连锁”是指，太阳轴和齿圈轴相互联接并且作为整体运行。由此，一方面可以实现到慢速的传动并且另一方面可以实现直接挡传动(1:1传动)。在整体运行中，电动机器在行星齿轮传动装置中没有产生额外消耗的情况下在最佳的效率范围内运行，在马达重启的非常短的时间内就激活了行星齿轮传动装置的附加传动。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，用于重新启动燃烧发动机的辅助变速器的行星齿轮组具有自由轮和带有仅一个换挡位置的仅一个传动装置。这降低了操作耗费。在此，电动机器驱动太阳轴，而齿圈轴驱动传动级的齿轮；如果电动机器启动燃烧发动机，则行星架轴藉由自由轮被锁止，其中电动机器向后运行，即以与在混合动力运行时相反的旋转方向旋转。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，附加变速器指配有位于机动车辆上的空调系统的制冷剂压缩器(也被称为压缩机)。在此，藉由附加变速器的另外的传动级来驱动压缩机。通过使混合动力模块与副轴断开联接，可以在静止时借助电动机器来进行空气调节。在行驶期间可以选择性地从车辆或者从燃烧发动机汲取能量。
根据另一个优选的实施方式，附加变速器的传动级被设计为正齿轮级，其中正齿轮优选被布置在一个层级中。由此得到在换挡变速器的轴向方向上看狭长的附加变速器，该附加变速器的壳体用作该至少一个电动机器、辅助变速器、压缩机以及任选地另外的辅助机组的载体。
附图说明
在附图中展示了本发明的实施例并且将在下文中进行更详细的说明，其中从说明书和/或附图中可以获得其他特征和/或优点。在附图中：
图1示出商用车辆变速器的3D图示，该商用车辆变速器具有布置在变速器的从动侧上的根据本发明的附加变速器、电动机器和空调压缩机，
图2示出商用车辆变速器的示意图，该商用车辆变速器具有附加变速器、电动机器、辅助变速器和空调压缩机，
图3示出本发明的另外的实施例，该实施例具有共轴且彼此相反地布置在附加变速器上的两个电动机器，并且
图4示出本发明的另外的实施例，该实施例具有轴线平行地布置在附加变速器上的两个电动机器和辅助变速器的另一实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1以从从动侧1b的视角的3D图示示出用于商用车辆的换挡变速器1，该换挡变速器具有前侧或驱动侧1a以及后侧或从动侧1b。优选用于商用车辆的换挡变速器1对应于已知的现有技术并且在其从动侧1b处具有从动凸缘2。根据本发明，在换挡变速器1的后侧1b处布置有附加变速器3，在该附加变速器上紧固有电动机器EM、空调系统的压缩机4(也被称为制冷剂压缩器4)、以及辅助变速器5。附加变速器3与电动机器EM、压缩机4以及辅助变速器5形成混合动力模块，该混合动力模块被布置在从动凸缘2的侧向。在换挡变速器1的壳体的顶侧上紧固有下文将详细地讨论的变速器控制装置6。
图2以示意性图示示出根据图1的换挡变速器1，该换挡变速器具有附加变速器3、电动机器EM、压缩机4以及辅助变速器5。针对相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。换挡变速器1被设计为组合式变速器并且具有五个齿轮层级R1、R2、R3、R4、R5，其中齿轮层级R1、R2形成拼合组(Splitgruppe)，并且齿轮层级R3、R4、R5形成主组；能够切换的行星齿轮传动装置PG形成传动比范围组。因此，能够切换十二个挡位。换挡变速器1具有输入轴EW、主轴HW以及两个副轴VW1、VW2。第一副轴VW1与中间轴ZW相联接，该中间轴在现有技术中用于驱动辅助机组并且也被称为PTO轴(Power Take Off，动力输出)。在这种情况下，中间轴ZW或者第一副轴VW1用作与附加变速器3的连接轴。附加变速器3具有布置三个在一个层级中的齿轮，即在副轴VW1的轴线上的第一齿轮Z1、在电动机器EM的轴线上的第二齿轮Z2、以及在压缩机4的轴线上的第三齿轮Z3。齿轮Z1、Z2形成电动机器EM与副轴VW1之间的第一传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000041
并且齿轮Z1、Z3形成压缩机4与副轴VW1之间的第二传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000042
第一齿轮Z1以可旋转的方式(“松脱地”)布置在中间轴ZW上并且能够通过换挡离合器7(尤其爪式离合器7)与中间轴ZW相联接。辅助变速器5具有第一行星齿轮组PS1(也被简称为行星组PS1)，该第一行星齿轮组被布置成与电动机器EM的旋转轴线共轴。电动机器EM的转子轴驱动第一行星组PS1的太阳轴SO1，第一行星组PS1藉由行星架轴ST1输出到第二齿轮Z2上。第一行星组PS1是能够切换的，其中能够通过固持齿圈轴HR1来切换第一挡位，并且能够通过使太阳轴SO1与齿圈轴HR1连锁来切换第二挡位。
上述混合动力模块(该混合动力模块至少包括附加变速器3和电动机器EM以及任选地辅助变速器5)的作用在于：为商用车辆的常规的驱动器、即具有换挡变速器1的燃烧发动机提供额外的电驱动器；换言之：常规的燃烧发动的驱动器应被装配且改装(即混合)成混合驱动器。从电动机器EM到换挡变速器1的功率流经过中间轴ZW和第一副轴VW1来实现。在电辅助驱动器中，借助电动机器EM(混合动力运行)来使第一行星齿轮组PS1连锁，即转子轴或太阳轴SO1与行星架轴ST1之间存在1:1的传动比。行星架轴ST1驱动第二齿轮Z2，该第二齿轮与第一齿轮Z1处于齿接合并且形成(到慢速的)第一传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000043
传动比适配于最常行驶的车辆速度范围，使得电动机器EM可以在这个范围内以其最有利的效率运行。在电驱动换挡变速器1的情况下，换挡离合器7被接通。同时，藉由第二传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000044
来驱动压缩机4。因此，在混合动力运行中，在从动凸缘2处输出燃烧发动机和电动机器EM的功率的总和。
除了混合动力运行之外(即在关断与辅助变速器5相连接的燃烧发动机的情况下)，电动机器EM也可以用作用于内燃发动机的启动器或启动装置。为此，对第一行星组PS1的齿圈HR1进行制动，使得在由电动机器EM驱动的太阳轴SO1与从动的行星架轴ST1之间实现到慢速的传动。由此，于是在换挡变速器1的输入轴EW处提供足够大的转矩来重新启动燃烧发动机。
图3示出用于混合式的换挡变速器11的本发明的另外的实施方式，其中针对相同的部件使用相同的、大10的附图标记。图3中的换挡变速器11仅具有副轴VW，该副轴与该中间轴ZW相联接。附加变速器13具有三个齿轮，即第一齿轮Z1、第二齿轮Z2以及第三齿轮Z3，这些齿轮被布置在一个层级中并且被设计为正齿轮。第一电动机器EM1和第二电动机器EM2彼此共轴地被布置在附加变速器13的两侧并且与第二齿轮Z2相连接。通过(与第二齿轮Z2处于齿接合的)第三齿轮Z3来驱动压缩机14。在从换挡变速器11的壳体开始并且被引入到附加变速器13中的中间轴ZW上，第一齿轮Z1以可旋转的方式被布置、即被设计为惰轮，惰轮Z1可以通过换挡离合器17与中间轴ZW或副轴VW防旋转地相连接。基于这两个电动机器EM1、EM2，显著地提高了所提供的驱动功率。
图4作为本发明的另外的实施例示出了附加变速器23，该附加变速器具有彼此轴线平行地布置的两个电动机器EM1、EM2以及辅助变速器25，该辅助变速器具有带有自由轮26的第二行星组PS2。在图4中省去了换挡变速器，替代于此仅展示了副轴VW，该副轴防旋转地与第一齿轮Z1相连接。附加变速器23具有总共四个布置在一个层级中的齿轮Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4：第二齿轮Z2(与第一电动机器EM1共轴)和第四齿轮Z4(与第二电动机器EM2共轴)这两个齿轮与第一齿轮Z1处于齿接合并且在第一电动机器EM1与副轴VW之间形成第一传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000051
并且在第二电动机器EM2与副轴VW之间形成第二传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000052
第三齿轮Z3被布置成与压缩机24的旋转轴线共轴并且与第二齿轮Z2一起形成第三传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000053
这两个电动机器EM1、EM2分别被布置在附加变速器23的后侧并且能够分别藉由换挡离合器27、28被接通。与第一电动机器EM1共轴地布置的第二行星组PS2具有：太阳轴SO2，该太阳轴能够由第一电动机器EM1的转子轴来驱动；以及齿圈轴HR2，该齿圈轴形成从动轴并且与第二齿轮Z2相连接。行星架轴ST2可以沿主旋转方向、即在混合动力运行中自由旋转；在相反的旋转方向上，行星架轴ST2通过自由轮26被锁止。
具有两个电动机器EM1、EM2的上述布置方式的作用如下：在混合动力运行中，这两个电动机器EM1、EM2能够根据功率需求共同地或单独地被接通：为此，转子轴藉由换挡离合器27、28与第二齿轮Z2或第四齿轮Z4相联接。两个齿轮Z2、Z4与第一齿轮Z1处于齿接合并且因此驱动副轴VW。
如果内燃发动机已经被关断，则第一电动机器EM1还可以结合辅助变速器25来重新启动这个内燃发动机。在重新启动的情况下，第一电动机器EM1在相反的旋转方向上旋转并且藉由太阳轴SO2驱动到第二行星组PS2中，其中行星架轴ST2通过自由轮26被锁止。由此，实现被驱动的太阳轴SO2与被驱动的齿圈轴HR2之间的到慢速的传动比。与此相对应地，在副轴VW处提供足够大的转矩来重新启动内燃发动机。
开篇所提及的变速器控制装置6(图1)承担了电动机器EM1、EM2以及换挡离合器27、28的混合动力策略和操控。上述混合动力模块已经被示例性地展示以用于随后安装在已知的具有至少一个副轴的换挡变速器上。然而，还可以将上述的根据本发明的混合动力模块安装在具有马达侧的副轴或PTO轴的其他类型的变速器上。此外，电动机器EM可以通过适当地操控换挡过程进行辅助或加速。因此，在必要时可以省去变速器制动或者可以通过简单的形状配合的换挡元件来代替同步。根据本发明的混合动力模块也允许在内燃发动机关断的情况下由辅助机组驱动，这尤其对于车辆驾驶室的空气调节是有利的。
电动机器EM、EM1、EM2是优选针对低于大约50伏的低电压极限的交流电而设计的。
附图标记清单
1 换挡变速器
1a 驱动侧
1b 从动侧
2 从动凸缘
3 附加变速器
4 压缩机
5 辅助变速器
6 变速器控制装置
7 换挡离合器
11 换挡变速器
13 附加变速器
14 压缩机
17 换挡离合器
23 附加变速器
24 压缩机
25 辅助变速器
26 自由轮
27 换挡离合器(EM1)
28 换挡离合器(EM2)
EM 电动机器
EM1 第一电动机器
EM2 第二电动机器
EW 输入轴
HW 主轴
HR1 第一齿圈轴(PS1)
HR2 第二齿圈轴(PS2)
PG 行星齿轮变速器
PS1 第一行星组
PS2 第二行星组
R1 第一齿轮层级
R2 第二齿轮层级
R3 第三齿轮层级
R4 第四齿轮层级
R5 第五齿轮层级
SO1 太阳轴(PS1)
SO2 太阳轴(PS2)
ST1 行星架轴(PS1)
ST2 行星架轴(PS2)
Figure BDA0002954398240000081
第一传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000082
第二传动级
Figure BDA0002954398240000083
第三传动级
VW 副轴
VW1 第一副轴
VW2 第二副轴
Z1 第一齿轮
Z2 第二齿轮
Z3 第三齿轮
Z4 第四齿轮。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机动车辆的混合驱动器的变速器装置，所述变速器装置包括换挡变速器(1，11)、尤其组合式变速器(1，11)，所述换挡变速器具有从动侧(1b)、从动凸缘(2)以及副轴(VW，VW1，VW2)，其特征在于，在所述换挡变速器(1，11)上布置有附加变速器(3，13，23)，所述附加变速器具有至少一个电动机器(EM，EM1，EM2)和至少一个传动级
Figure FDA0002954398230000011
其中所述至少一个电动机器(EM，EM1，EM2)藉由所述至少一个传动级
Figure FDA0002954398230000012
与所述副轴(VW)相连接并且能够作为额外的电驱动器或电从动器被接通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述附加变速器(3，13，23)被布置在所述换挡变速器(1，11)的从动侧(1b)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个电动机器(EM，EM1，EM2)能够藉由在功率流中被布置在所述至少一个电动机器(EM，EM1，EM2)与所述副轴(VW)之间的至少一个换挡离合器(7，17，27，28)被接通或者被断开。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，在所述附加变速器(13，23)上紧固有两个电动机器(EM1，EM2)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述两个电动机器(EM1，EM2)被布置成彼此轴线平行并且通过传动级
Figure FDA0002954398230000013
与所述副轴(VW)相连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述两个电动机器(EM1，EM2)被布置在所述附加变速器(13)的相反侧上并且被布置成彼此共轴。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个电动机器(EM，EM1)指配有辅助变速器(5，25)，所述辅助变速器带有分别具有太阳轴(SO1，SO2)、齿圈轴(HR1，HR2)以及行星架轴(ST1，ST2)的第一行星齿轮组(PS1)或第二行星齿轮组(PS2)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述第一行星齿轮组(PS1)是能够切换的，其中能够通过固持所述齿圈轴(HR1)来切换第一挡位，并且能够通过使所述太阳轴(SO1)与所述齿圈轴(HR1)连锁来切换第二挡位。
9.根据权利要求7所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述第二行星齿轮组(PS2)具有自由轮(26)；所述太阳轴(SO2)形成所述驱动轴并且所述齿圈轴(HR2)形成所述从动轴，并且所述行星架轴(ST2)能够通过所述自由轮(26)在一个旋转方向上被锁止。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述附加变速器(3，23)指配有辅助机组并且能够藉由另外的传动级
Figure FDA0002954398230000021
被驱动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述辅助机组是空调系统的制冷剂压缩器(4，24)，并且所述制冷剂压缩器(4，24)能够藉由所述另外的传动级
Figure FDA0002954398230000022
被驱动。
12.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的变速器装置，其特征在于，所述传动级
Figure FDA0002954398230000023
Figure FDA0002954398230000024
被设计为正齿轮级。
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