CN113334497A - Plastic frame square hole forming device and manufacturing method and using method thereof - Google Patents
Plastic frame square hole forming device and manufacturing method and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113334497A CN113334497A CN202110604937.XA CN202110604937A CN113334497A CN 113334497 A CN113334497 A CN 113334497A CN 202110604937 A CN202110604937 A CN 202110604937A CN 113334497 A CN113334497 A CN 113334497A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- punching
- plastic frame
- spherical surface
- square
- forming device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
- B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
- B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
- B26F2001/4472—Cutting edge section features
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
A manufacturing method of a plastic frame square hole forming device comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a punching cutter, grinding one end of the end mill with a spiral cutting edge on a grinding machine into a square column to form a punching head part, and keeping the other end of the end mill in an original state to form a clamping part; processing the end face of one end, far away from the clamping part, of the punch part into an inwards concave spherical surface, wherein the spherical surface is intersected with the side face of the punch part to form an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the spherical surface is intersected with the edge of the punch part to form a cutting tip, so that a punching cutter is obtained; s2: and (5) preparing a blanking plate, and processing a square blanking hole matched with the upper punch head part of the punching tool in the step S1 on the sizing block to obtain the blanking plate. The invention also discloses a plastic frame square hole forming device manufactured by the manufacturing method and a using method of the forming device. By adopting the invention, square holes can be directly punched on the plastic frame part, and the single square hole forming operation can be finished by one-time punching, thereby greatly improving the square hole forming efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic frame square hole forming processing, in particular to a plastic frame square hole forming device and a manufacturing method and a using method thereof.
Background
The plastic frame is one of the important parts of the model transmitter, each transmitter has 6 grades of plastic frames, each grade of plastic frame has 6 square holes of 4 multiplied by 4, and the conventional method is that each part is scribed and filed after drilling a bottom hole. By adopting the method, the workload of drilling is large, the efficiency is low, the manual filing machining size is unstable, the edge collapse and corner collapse are easy to occur, the size out-of-tolerance phenomenon is obvious, and the yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a plastic frame square hole forming device and a manufacturing method and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a manufacturing method of a plastic frame square hole forming device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a punching cutter, grinding one end of the end mill with a spiral cutting edge on a grinding machine into a square column to form a punching head part, and keeping the other end of the end mill in an original state to form a clamping part; processing the end surface of one end of the punch part far away from the clamping part into an inwards concave spherical surface, wherein the diameter of the spherical surface is more than or equal to the side length of the cross section of the square cylinder of the punch part
The spherical surface and the side surface of the punch head part are intersected to form an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the spherical surface and the edge of the punch head part are intersected to form a cutting tip, so that the punching cutter is obtained;
s2: and (5) preparing a blanking plate, and processing a square blanking hole matched with the upper punch head part of the punching tool in the step S1 on the sizing block to obtain the blanking plate.
Preferably, the punch part in the step S1 is a square cylinder of 4.1mm × 4.1 mm.
Preferably, in step S1, the height of the punch part is 15 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the spherical surface in step S1 is 6 mm.
Preferably, in the step S1, the spherical surface may be formed by drilling using a spherical drill with a diameter of 6. And the spherical surface can be machined by adopting a phi 6 spherical drill bit to perform one-time drilling operation.
Optionally, in the step S1, the spherical surface may be machined by milling with a ball end mill.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes deburring the obtained punching tool with an oilstone.
Preferably, the blanking hole processing mode in the step S2 is a wire cutting mode.
In order to solve the same technical problem, the invention also provides a plastic frame square hole forming device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the plastic frame square hole forming device, which comprises the punching tool and the blanking plate; one end of the punching cutter is a clamping part, and the other end of the punching cutter is a punching part; the punch head part is a square cylinder, the end face of the punch head part is an inwards concave spherical surface, and the diameter of the spherical surface is larger than or equal to the side length of the cross section of the square cylinder of the punch head part
The spherical surface and the side surface of the punch head part are intersected to form an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the spherical surface and the edge of the punch head part are intersected to form a cutting tip; and the blanking plate is provided with a square blanking hole matched with the upper punching head part of the punching cutter.
The invention also provides a using method of the plastic frame square hole forming device, which comprises the following steps:
placing the blanking plate on an operation table of a vertical drill;
clamping the punching tool on a vertical drill, wherein a punch head part of the punching tool is aligned with a blanking hole in the blanking plate;
and placing the plastic frame part to be processed on a blanking plate, pressing down an operating handle of the vertical drill, and punching a punch head part of the punching tool into a blanking hole of the blanking plate, so that the punching processing of the hole above the plastic frame part can be completed. The end face of the upper punch head of the punching tool is a spherical surface, and waste materials of the plastic frame parts after being punched can automatically fall off from the spherical surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the punch head of the prepared punching tool is square cylinder in shape, square holes can be directly punched on the plastic frame part, single square hole forming operation can be completed through one-time punching, bottom hole drilling operation on the plastic frame part is not needed, and square hole forming efficiency is greatly improved.
2) The punching cutter is provided with a cutting tip and an arc-shaped cutting edge, when blanking is carried out, the cutting tip is firstly inserted into the plastic frame part, then the cutting edge carries out cutting gradually, the blanking process is a gradual cutting process, and the phenomenon of edge collapse and corner collapse is effectively avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a square hole forming device for a plastic frame provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a punching cutter in the plastic frame square hole forming device provided by the invention;
the reference numbers illustrate: 10-a punching cutter; 11-punch part; 12-a clamping portion; 111-sphere; 112-a cutting edge; 113-a cutting tip; 20-blanking plate; 21-blanking holes; 30-plastic frame parts.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a plastic frame square hole forming device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a punching cutter 10, grinding one end of the end mill with a spiral cutting edge on a grinding machine into a square cylinder on a waste phi 8 end mill to form a punching head part 11, wherein the section of the square cylinder is square, the side length is a, and the height of the square cylinder is H. The other end of the end mill is kept as it is to form a clamping part 12; processing the end surface of one end of the punch part 11 far away from the clamping part 12 into an inward concave spherical surface 111, wherein the diameter of the spherical surface 111 is larger than or equal to the side length of the square column cross section of the punch part 11
Multiple, i.e. the diameter of the sphere 111
The spherical surface 111 and the side surface of the punch part 11 are intersected to form an arc-shaped cutting edge 112, and the spherical surface 111 and the edge of the punch part 11 are intersected to form a cutting tip 113, so that the punching tool 10 is obtained;
s2: preparing a blanking plate 20, and machining a square blanking hole 21 matched with the punch part 11 of the punching tool 10 in the step S1 on the sizing block to obtain the blanking plate 20.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the punch part 11 is a square cylinder of 4.1mm × 4.1mm, and the side length a of the cross section of the square cylinder is 4.1 mm.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the height of the punch part 11 is 15mm, that is, H is 15 mm.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the spherical surface 111 in step S1 is 6 mm.
In this embodiment, in the step S1, the spherical surface 111 may be formed by drilling using a spherical drill with a diameter of 6. The machining of the spherical surface 111 can be completed by one drilling operation with a phi 6 spherical drill.
As another possible aspect of this embodiment, in step S1, the spherical surface 111 may be machined by milling with a ball end mill.
In this embodiment, step S1 further includes deburring the obtained punching tool 10 with an oilstone.
In this embodiment, the machining manner of the blanking hole 21 in the step S2 is a wire cutting manner.
The plastic frame square hole forming device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the plastic frame square hole forming device comprises the punching cutter 10 and the blanking plate 20; one end of the punching cutter 10 is a clamping part 12, and the other end is a punch part 11; the punch part 11 is a square column, the end surface of the punch part 11 is an inward concave spherical surface 111, and the diameter of the spherical surface 111 is larger than or equal to the side length of the square column cross section of the punch part 11
The spherical surface 111 intersects with the side surface of the punch part 11 to form an arc-shaped cutting edge 112, and the spherical surface 111 intersects with the edge of the punch part 11 to form a cutting tip 113; the blanking plate 20 is provided with a square blanking hole 21 matched with the upper punch part 11 of the punching tool 10.
The use method of the plastic frame square hole forming device comprises the following steps: placing the blanking plate 20 on an operation table of the vertical drill; clamping the punching tool 10 on a vertical drill, wherein the punch part 11 of the punching tool 10 is aligned with the blanking hole 21 on the blanking plate 20; placing the plastic frame part 30 to be processed on the blanking plate 20, pressing down the vertical drill operating handle, and punching the punch part 11 of the punching tool 10 into the blanking hole 21 of the blanking plate 20, so as to complete the punching processing of the hole above the plastic frame part 30. The end face of the upper punch part 11 of the punching tool 10 is a spherical surface 111, and the waste material punched by the plastic frame part 30 can automatically fall off from the spherical surface 111.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the plastic frame square hole forming device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: preparing a punching cutter, grinding one end of the end mill with a spiral cutting edge on a grinding machine into a square column to form a punching head part, and keeping the other end of the end mill in an original state to form a clamping part; processing the end surface of one end of the punch part far away from the clamping part into an inwards concave spherical surface, wherein the diameter of the spherical surface is more than or equal to the side length of the cross section of the square cylinder of the punch part
The spherical surface and the side surface of the punch head part are intersected to form an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the spherical surface and the edge of the punch head part are intersected to form a cutting tip, so that the punching cutter is obtained;
s2: and (5) preparing a blanking plate, and processing a square blanking hole matched with the upper punch head part of the punching tool in the step S1 on the sizing block to obtain the blanking plate.
2. The method of manufacturing a square hole forming device of a plastic frame according to claim 1, wherein the punch portion in the step S1 is a square cylinder of 4.1mm x 4.1 mm.
3. The method of manufacturing a square hole forming device of a plastic frame according to claim 1, wherein the height of the punch portion is 15mm in step S1.
4. The method for manufacturing a square hole forming device of a plastic frame according to claim 2, wherein the spherical surface has a diameter of 6mm in step S1.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein in step S1, the spherical surface is formed by drilling with a spherical drill having a diameter of 6 mm.
6. The method for manufacturing a square hole forming device of a plastic frame according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the spherical surface is formed by milling with a ball end mill.
7. The method of manufacturing a square hole forming device for plastic frames according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 further comprises deburring the obtained punching blade with an oilstone.
8. The method for manufacturing a square hole forming device of a plastic frame according to claim 1, wherein the blanking hole processing manner in the step S2 is a wire cutting manner.
9. The plastic frame square hole forming device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the plastic frame square hole forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the punching tool and the blanking plate;
one end of the punching cutter is a clamping part, and the other end of the punching cutter is a punching part; the punch head part is a square cylinder, the end face of the punch head part is an inwards concave spherical surface, and the diameter of the spherical surface is larger than or equal to the side length of the cross section of the square cylinder of the punch head part
The spherical surface and the side surface of the punch head part are intersected to form an arc-shaped cutting edge, and the spherical surface and the edge of the punch head part are intersected to form a cutting tip;
and the blanking plate is provided with a square blanking hole matched with the upper punching head part of the punching cutter.
10. The method of using a square hole forming device for a plastic frame of claim 9, comprising the steps of:
placing the blanking plate on an operation table of a vertical drill;
clamping the punching tool on a vertical drill, wherein a punch head part of the punching tool is aligned with a blanking hole in the blanking plate;
and placing the plastic frame part to be processed on a blanking plate, pressing down an operating handle of the vertical drill, and punching a punch head part of the punching tool into a blanking hole of the blanking plate, so that the punching processing of the hole above the plastic frame part can be completed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110604937.XA CN113334497B (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Plastic frame square hole forming device, manufacturing method and using method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110604937.XA CN113334497B (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Plastic frame square hole forming device, manufacturing method and using method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113334497A true CN113334497A (en) | 2021-09-03 |
| CN113334497B CN113334497B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
Family
ID=77473619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110604937.XA Active CN113334497B (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Plastic frame square hole forming device, manufacturing method and using method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113334497B (en) |
Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2631117A1 (en) * | 1976-07-10 | 1978-01-19 | Leitz Fa Louis | Hole punch for documents - has notch in end formed by two smooth faces inclined at same angle |
| GB1508498A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1978-04-26 | Brent Components Ltd | Cutting holes in sheet metal |
| DE19616525A1 (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-11-06 | Rainer Jung | Tool for material removing machining of optical materials |
| CN1709662A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2005-12-21 | 黄建铨 | Punching tool manufacturing method for puncher |
| JP2006159210A (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-22 | Sango Co Ltd | Punch for punching pipe and punching method |
| JP2007044796A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-22 | Noritsu Koki Co Ltd | Drilling blade |
| JP2009113051A (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Piercing punch |
| JP2012096259A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-24 | Keihin Corp | Punch for drilling press |
| CN202318449U (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江双六工具有限公司 | Square hole knife |
| TWM489747U (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-11-11 | Pao Shen Enterprises Co Ltd | Punching knife structure of paper punching machine |
| CN204094304U (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-14 | 山东明珠石油装备制造有限公司 | The U-shaped clipper of friction welding |
| TWM511420U (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-01 | Fu-Yuan Jiang | Punching tool structure |
| CN106583534A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-04-26 | 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 | CNC cutting tool and CNC machining method |
| TW201908068A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-03-01 | 美商施耐寶公司 | Grooved tool head for removal from the lug |
| JP2019136707A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-22 | 株式会社キーレックス | Pierce punch |
| CN210361632U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-04-21 | 冰迪科技(深圳)有限公司 | Punching square hole machine for manufacturing plastic shell |
| US20200205794A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2020-07-02 | Snpshot Trustee Limited | A tissue sample punch |
| CN212370956U (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-01-19 | 沭阳金紧金属制品有限公司 | Thimble is used in processing of riveting shell |
| CN112676765A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 西安成立航空制造有限公司 | Inner spherical surface machining process |
-
2021
- 2021-05-31 CN CN202110604937.XA patent/CN113334497B/en active Active
Patent Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2631117A1 (en) * | 1976-07-10 | 1978-01-19 | Leitz Fa Louis | Hole punch for documents - has notch in end formed by two smooth faces inclined at same angle |
| GB1508498A (en) * | 1976-10-27 | 1978-04-26 | Brent Components Ltd | Cutting holes in sheet metal |
| DE19616525A1 (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1997-11-06 | Rainer Jung | Tool for material removing machining of optical materials |
| CN1709662A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2005-12-21 | 黄建铨 | Punching tool manufacturing method for puncher |
| JP2006159210A (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-22 | Sango Co Ltd | Punch for punching pipe and punching method |
| JP2007044796A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-22 | Noritsu Koki Co Ltd | Drilling blade |
| JP2009113051A (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Piercing punch |
| JP2012096259A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-24 | Keihin Corp | Punch for drilling press |
| CN202318449U (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-07-11 | 浙江双六工具有限公司 | Square hole knife |
| TWM489747U (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-11-11 | Pao Shen Enterprises Co Ltd | Punching knife structure of paper punching machine |
| CN204094304U (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-14 | 山东明珠石油装备制造有限公司 | The U-shaped clipper of friction welding |
| TWM511420U (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-01 | Fu-Yuan Jiang | Punching tool structure |
| CN106583534A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-04-26 | 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 | CNC cutting tool and CNC machining method |
| US20200205794A1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2020-07-02 | Snpshot Trustee Limited | A tissue sample punch |
| TW201908068A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-03-01 | 美商施耐寶公司 | Grooved tool head for removal from the lug |
| JP2019136707A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-22 | 株式会社キーレックス | Pierce punch |
| CN210361632U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-04-21 | 冰迪科技(深圳)有限公司 | Punching square hole machine for manufacturing plastic shell |
| CN212370956U (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-01-19 | 沭阳金紧金属制品有限公司 | Thimble is used in processing of riveting shell |
| CN112676765A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 西安成立航空制造有限公司 | Inner spherical surface machining process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 周斌兴: "《冲压模具设计与制造实训教程》", 30 April 2006, 国防工业出版社 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113334497B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN204818198U (en) | Drill | |
| CN207256402U (en) | A kind of punching head of perforating press | |
| CN113334497B (en) | Plastic frame square hole forming device, manufacturing method and using method thereof | |
| CN2488629Y (en) | End-milling cutter capable of regenerating and reusing for cutting printed circuit board | |
| CN211489673U (en) | Arc boring cutter | |
| CN207577443U (en) | A kind of multifunctional boring cutter | |
| CN206009944U (en) | Cold-smoothing bottom step expanding drill in overall HM | |
| CN213560164U (en) | Square hole R3 slotting tool | |
| CN210358789U (en) | Get rid of mould structure of cold-heading side cut burr | |
| CN2422082Y (en) | Tool for removing rag | |
| CN208004857U (en) | A kind of rack class pincers worker punching assembled tool | |
| CN112719332A (en) | Technological method for machining inverted internal angle of lower paddle | |
| CN207577225U (en) | A kind of cutter integration machine-shaping device | |
| CN221232078U (en) | Prevent collapsing embedded pointed knife mould of sword | |
| CN2684979Y (en) | Special cutter tool, for hole enlarging | |
| CN201505749U (en) | Cutter for short slotted holes | |
| CN213163114U (en) | Inner groove cutter | |
| CN206200254U (en) | A kind of new deburring rose reamer | |
| CN212652757U (en) | Cutter for drilling | |
| CN217990967U (en) | Outer diameter end face grooving cutter | |
| CN211867240U (en) | Device with metal work piece processing is prevented collapsing and is cut off | |
| CN213857284U (en) | Milling cutter for processing movable blocks of tires | |
| CN204397001U (en) | A kind of novel aluminum product highly-efficient processing drill bit | |
| CN219443589U (en) | Novel ball milling cutter and milling machine | |
| CN219818069U (en) | Double-chamfering tool |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |