CN113331465B - Method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco - Google Patents
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- CN113331465B CN113331465B CN202110672538.7A CN202110672538A CN113331465B CN 113331465 B CN113331465 B CN 113331465B CN 202110672538 A CN202110672538 A CN 202110672538A CN 113331465 B CN113331465 B CN 113331465B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
- A24B15/241—Extraction of specific substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
- A24B15/26—Use of organic solvents for extraction
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco component extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of crushing tobacco to a certain particle size, processing the tobacco powder by means of microwave synergistic eutectic solvent system to obtain an extracting solution, and then separating and purifying sucrose ester by means of a silica gel column. The deep-eutectic solvent is used as an extracting agent of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, has good solubility on substances such as esters and the like, and can well extract the sucrose ester in the tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco component extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The chemical components of the tobacco are the fundamental factors determining the quality of the tobacco, wherein volatile organic acids released during pyrolysis of the sucrose ester have unique contribution to the aroma and the fragrance of the tobacco, and the organic acids obviously influence the comprehensive feeling of various senses of human bodies and are the basis and the core for evaluating the quality of the tobacco. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for realizing the high-efficiency extraction of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, measuring the sensory quality of the tobacco and tobacco products, improving the smoking quality of the tobacco and improving the economic benefit of the tobacco industry.
The extraction of sucrose ester in tobacco follows the principle of 'similar phase and intermiscibility', and the selection of a solvent is the key for ensuring the extraction rate of sucrose ester. At present, the extraction of sucrose ester in tobacco is usually realized by using solvents such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, acetonitrile, methanol, acetone and the like. However, the components in the tobacco leaves are complex, and part of carbon hydrocarbon compounds on the surfaces of the tobacco leaves can be extracted simultaneously by adopting dichloromethane, and the substances can interfere with the subsequent separation of sucrose ester to a certain extent; acetonitrile is used as an extraction solvent, so that the problems can be effectively avoided, but the acetonitrile has toxicity and causes pollution to the environment; chloroform is used as an extraction solvent, ethanol is added as a protective agent to avoid the derivatization reaction of sucrose ester, and the ethanol can decompose a derivatization reagent and is difficult to remove in the extraction process. The hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane and the like have poor solubility to polar sucrose esters, and can not completely extract sucrose esters in tobacco, so that the extraction rate is low; when volatile solvents which can be mutually dissolved with water, such as methanol, acetone and the like, are adopted, the tobacco leaves are dehydrated, and nonpolar sugar ester substances in the tobacco leaves cannot be effectively extracted. In addition, the treatment method has the advantages of high reaction intensity, complex reaction, easy derivatization, large change of molecular structure of sucrose ester, complex extraction process and difficult realization of industrial application.
The method for improving the extraction rate of sucrose ester in tobacco is a technical problem in the prior art. Therefore, the development of a method for improving the extraction rate of sucrose ester in tobacco is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for extracting the sucrose ester in the tobacco, which adopts the eutectic solvent as the extracting agent of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, has good solubility on substances such as esters and the like, and can well extract the sucrose ester in the tobacco.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of crushing tobacco to a certain particle size, processing the tobacco powder by means of microwave synergistic eutectic solvent system to obtain an extracting solution, and then separating and purifying sucrose ester by means of a silica gel column.
One or more embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantageous effects:
(1) According to the invention, the eutectic solvent is selected as the extracting agent of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, because the eutectic solvent has good solubility to substances such as esters, the sucrose ester in the tobacco can be well extracted when the eutectic solvent is used for treating the tobacco, and meanwhile, the eutectic solvent is used as the extracting agent of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, so that adverse factors influencing the extraction rate do not exist, and the extraction rate of the sucrose ester can be improved.
(2) The microwave heating technology and the eutectic solvent extraction technology are combined, so that the extraction effect of the eutectic solvent on sucrose ester in tobacco can be further enhanced; under the microwave heating condition, the dissolubility of the sucrose ester in the eutectic solvent can be improved, and the microwave heating has the characteristics of uniform heating and high speed, and is beneficial to the efficient extraction process.
(3) The method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco provided by the invention is simple in process, easy to operate and suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced in the background art, the existing methods for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco have the problem of low extraction rate, and in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides another method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of crushing tobacco to a certain particle size, processing the tobacco powder by means of microwave synergistic eutectic solvent system to obtain an extracting solution, and then separating and purifying sucrose ester by means of a silica gel column.
Wherein:
the eutectic solvent is a two-component or three-component eutectic mixture formed by combining hydrogen bond acceptors (such as quaternary ammonium salt) and hydrogen bond donors (such as amide, carboxylic acid, polyalcohol and other compounds) in a certain stoichiometric ratio, and the freezing point of the eutectic mixture is obviously lower than the melting point of pure substances of each component.
Common hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors that can make up the eutectic solvent are as follows:
hydrogen bond acceptors: quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., choline chloride), zwitterions (e.g., betaine), and the like;
hydrogen bond donor: urea, thiourea, carboxylic acids (phenylacetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, etc.), polyols (ethylene glycol, glycerol, butylene glycol, xylitol, etc.), amino acids, saccharides (glucose, fructose) trifluoroacetamide, and the like.
The composition of the eutectic solvent may be sugar + amino acid, carboxylic acid + polyol, sugar + sugar, etc. in addition to the above typical composition. Most of the eutectic solvents are two-component mixtures and a few are three-component mixtures. Water molecules may be one of the components of certain eutectic solvents.
The eutectic solvent is selected as the extracting agent of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, because the eutectic solvent has good solubility to substances such as esters, the sucrose ester in the tobacco can be well extracted when the eutectic solvent is used for treating the tobacco, and meanwhile, the eutectic solvent is used as the extracting agent of the sucrose ester in the tobacco, so that adverse factors influencing the extraction rate do not exist. For example, the carbon hydrocarbon compounds cannot be extracted together when the sucrose ester is extracted, and interference substances basically do not exist in the separation and purification process of the sucrose ester; the reaction condition is mild, and the derivatization reaction of sucrose ester can not be caused, so that ethanol is not required to be added as a protective agent, and the problem that the ethanol can decompose a derivatization reagent and is difficult to remove is avoided; the method can not cause the dehydration of the tobacco leaves, and can effectively extract nonpolar sugar ester substances, so that the method can improve the extraction rate of the sucrose ester by taking the eutectic solvent as an extractant of the sucrose ester in the tobacco.
The invention combines the microwave heating technology with the eutectic solvent extraction technology, and can further enhance the extraction effect of the eutectic solvent on sucrose ester in tobacco. Under the microwave heating condition, can increase the dissolubility of sucrose ester in eutectic solvent, and microwave heating has the heating uniformity, fast characteristics, general heating method relies on the environment around the heating, make the surface of object obtain the heating earlier with thermal radiation or through the mode of hot-air convection, then through the inside of heat-conduction object, and the microwave is being heated the inside production of thing, the heat source is from inside the object, the heating is even, be favorable to the even extraction of sucrose ester in the tobacco, simultaneously because "inside and outside heating" has shortened the heating time greatly, the heating efficiency is high, make the extraction process go on high-efficiently.
The extraction method comprises the following specific processes: the method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing tobacco powder and a eutectic solvent system, carrying out microwave heating treatment, stirring, adding low-temperature deionized water after a period of treatment to stop reaction, continuously stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixed solution, then filtering to obtain an extracting solution, and finally separating and purifying the extracting solution by means of a silica gel column to obtain sucrose ester.
The tobacco comprises tobacco leaves in four different growth periods of vigorous growth, physiological maturity, technological maturity and over-maturity, and also comprises various types of commercially sold tobacco.
The particle size of the tobacco is most suitable for 100 to 400 mesh as a preferred embodiment, because the particle size is too large, the tobacco powder cannot be sufficiently contacted with the extraction solvent, the extraction effect of the solvent is difficult to exert, and the particle size is too small, and the pulverization cost is too high.
The water content of the tobacco can also affect the extraction effect, and the water content is too high, so that the composition of a solvent system is affected, and the tobacco is not easy to soak in the solvent, therefore, the water content of the tobacco is preferably 1-3%.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the eutectic solvent system is choline chloride/urea, choline chloride/glycerol, or choline chloride/acetic acid solvent system.
The eutectic solvent systems are more in variety, but the effect of taking choline chloride as a hydrogen bond receptor is better than that of other eutectic solvent systems, and in all choline chloride eutectic solvent systems, three solvent systems of choline chloride/urea, choline chloride/glycerol and choline chloride/acetic acid are simple to prepare, low in preparation temperature, good in thermal stability, easy in obtaining of raw materials, low in price and proper in viscosity, and more convenient for extraction of sucrose ester in tobacco.
The molecular structure of the choline chloride eutectic solvent can be adjusted by changing the molar ratio of choline chloride to a hydrogen bond donor, and when the specific ratio is within the following range, the eutectic solvent system has good physical properties such as freezing point, melting point, thermal stability, isobaric heat capacity, density, viscosity, ionic conductivity, surface tension and the like, so that the choline chloride eutectic solvent is convenient to extract and apply in tobacco sucrose ester.
The specific ratio relation is as follows:
in the choline chloride/urea solvent system, the mol ratio of choline chloride to urea is 1.8-2.5.
The mol ratio of the choline chloride to the glycerol in the choline chloride/glycerol solvent system is 1.9-2.6.
The mol ratio of the choline chloride to the acetic acid in the choline chloride/acetic acid solvent system is 1.5-3.0.
Furthermore, the purities of the choline chloride, the urea, the glycerol and the acetic acid are all 95-99%.
The addition ratio of the extracting agent to the tobacco powder affects the extraction effect of the sucrose ester, the tobacco powder is too much and is not easy to disperse in the eutectic solvent, so that the extraction process is not uniform, the extraction is not sufficient, the tobacco powder is too little, the eutectic solvent causes waste, and the low-cost industrial preparation is not facilitated, therefore, as a preferred embodiment, the addition ratio of the extracting agent to the tobacco powder is defined as follows:
when a choline chloride/urea solvent system is used as the eutectic solvent system, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the choline chloride/urea solvent system is 1g: 25-35 mL;
when a choline chloride/glycerol solvent system is used as a eutectic solvent system, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the choline chloride/glycerol system is 1g: 35-40 mL;
when a choline chloride/acetic acid solvent system is used as the eutectic solvent system, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the choline chloride/acetic acid system is 1g: 15-35 mL;
in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the power of the microwave heating treatment is 500 to 900W, and the treatment time is 10 to 30min.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the stirring is 200-450 r/min.
The low-temperature deionized water has the function of terminating the reaction, and as a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the low-temperature deionized water is 4-10 ℃.
Further, the conductivity of the low-temperature deionized water is 0.08-0.10 mu S/cm.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the addition amount of the low-temperature deionized water to the tobacco powder is 20-40mL.
Further, the time for continuously stirring after adding the low-temperature deionized water is 10-30 min.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the silica gel column is a reagent grade silica gel column chromatography silica gel, and the mesh number of the silica gel column chromatography silica gel is 200-300 meshes.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Taking tobacco (with the particle size of 100 meshes and the water content of 1 percent) in a vigorous growth period in a certain area, adding choline chloride and urea, uniformly mixing, then carrying out microwave heating treatment, adjusting the pretreatment temperature, adjusting the microwave power, stirring, adding low-temperature deionized water after a period of treatment to terminate the reaction, continuously stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixed solution, then filtering to obtain an extracting solution, and finally separating and purifying the extracting solution by means of a silica gel column to obtain the sucrose ester. The treatment conditions were: the mol ratio of choline chloride to urea in the eutectic solvent system is 1.8, the purity of choline chloride is 95%, the purity of urea is 95%, and the tobacco powder, choline chloride and urea are uniformly mixed and then subjected to microwave heating treatment. The microwave power is 500W, the stirring rotation speed is 200r/min, the microwave treatment time is 10min, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to a choline chloride/urea system is 1g.
The sucrose ester extraction process of control group 1 was as follows: taking the tobacco sample, adding dichloromethane (with the purity of 95%) for carrying out neutral treatment for 10min, stirring, wherein the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the dichloromethane is 1g.
TABLE 1 comparison of sucrose ester extraction rates for different extraction methods
| Sample (I) | Sucrose ester extraction (%) |
| Example 1 | 0.052 |
| Control group 1 | 0.034 |
The data in table 1 show that the extraction rate of sucrose ester by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/urea system is higher than that by using toxic organic solvent dichloromethane, which indicates that the extraction rate of sucrose ester in tobacco in the vigorous growth phase can be significantly improved by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/urea system.
Example 2
Taking tobacco (with the particle size of 200 meshes and the water content of 1 percent) in a physiological maturation stage in a certain area, adding choline chloride and glycerol, uniformly mixing, heating, adjusting the pretreatment temperature, adjusting the microwave power, stirring, adding low-temperature deionized water after a period of treatment to stop the reaction, continuously stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixed solution, filtering to obtain an extracting solution, and finally separating and purifying the extracting solution by means of a silica gel column to obtain the sucrose ester. The treatment conditions were: the mol ratio of choline chloride to glycerin in the eutectic solvent system is 1.5, the purity of choline chloride is 96%, the purity of glycerin is 98%, and the tobacco powder, choline chloride and glycerin are uniformly mixed and then subjected to microwave heating treatment. The microwave power is 600W, the stirring rotation speed is 200r/min, the microwave treatment time is 15min, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to a choline chloride/glycerol system is 1g.
The sucrose ester extraction process of control group 2 was as follows: taking the tobacco sample, adding dichloromethane (with the purity of 95%) for neutral treatment for 10min, stirring, wherein the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the dichloromethane is 1g.
TABLE 2 comparison table of sucrose ester extraction rates of different extraction methods
| Sample(s) | Sucrose ester extraction (%) |
| Example 2 | 0.061 |
| Control group 2 | 0.046 |
The data in table 2 show that the extraction rate of sucrose ester by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/glycerin system is higher than that by using toxic organic solvent dichloromethane, which indicates that the extraction rate of sucrose ester in tobacco in the vigorous growth phase can be significantly improved by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/glycerin system.
Example 3
Taking tobacco (the particle size is 300 meshes, the water content is 2%) in a certain area in a process maturation stage, adding choline chloride and acetic acid, uniformly mixing, then carrying out heating treatment, adjusting the pretreatment temperature, adjusting the microwave power, stirring, adding low-temperature deionized water after a period of treatment to stop the reaction, continuously stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixed solution, then filtering to obtain an extracting solution, and finally separating and purifying the extracting solution by means of a silica gel column to obtain sucrose ester. The treatment conditions were: the mol ratio of choline chloride to acetic acid in the eutectic solvent system is 1. The microwave power is 700W, the stirring rotation speed is 400r/min, the microwave treatment time is 20min, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to a choline chloride/acetic acid system is 1g.
The sucrose ester extraction process of the control group 3 is as follows: taking the tobacco sample, adding dichloromethane (with the purity of 95%) for carrying out neutral treatment for 10min, stirring, wherein the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the dichloromethane is 1g.
TABLE 3 comparison table of sucrose ester extraction rates for different extraction methods
The data in table 3 show that the extraction rate of sucrose ester by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/acetic acid system is higher than that by using toxic organic solvent dichloromethane, which indicates that the extraction rate of sucrose ester in tobacco in the vigorous growth phase can be significantly improved by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/acetic acid system.
Example 4
Taking commercial sold tobacco (the particle size is 300 meshes, the water content is 3%), adding choline chloride and acetic acid, uniformly mixing, heating, adjusting the pretreatment temperature, adjusting the microwave power, stirring, adding low-temperature deionized water after a period of treatment to terminate the reaction, continuously stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixed solution, filtering to obtain an extracting solution, and finally separating and purifying the extracting solution by means of a silica gel column to obtain the sucrose ester. The treatment conditions were: the mol ratio of choline chloride to acetic acid in the eutectic solvent system is 1. The microwave power is 900W, the stirring rotation speed is 400r/min, the microwave treatment time is 10min, the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to a choline chloride/acetic acid system is 1g.
The extraction process of sucrose ester in the control group 4 is as follows: taking the tobacco sample, adding dichloromethane (with the purity of 95%) for treatment for 10min, stirring, wherein the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the dichloromethane is 1g.
TABLE 4 comparison table of sucrose ester extraction rates for different extraction methods
| Sample (I) | Sucrose ester extraction (%) |
| Example 4 | 0.059 |
| Control group 4 | 0.043 |
The data in table 4 show that the extraction rate of sucrose ester by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/acetic acid system is higher than that by using toxic organic solvent dichloromethane, which indicates that the extraction rate of sucrose ester in tobacco in the vigorous growth phase can be significantly improved by using the microwave-assisted choline chloride/acetic acid system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for extracting sucrose ester in tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps: crushing tobacco to a certain particle size, firstly processing the tobacco powder by means of microwave synergistic eutectic solvent system to obtain an extracting solution, and then separating and purifying sucrose ester by means of a silica gel column; the method comprises the following specific steps: uniformly mixing the tobacco powder and the eutectic solvent system, carrying out microwave heating treatment, stirring, adding low-temperature deionized water after a period of treatment to stop reaction, continuously stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixed solution, then filtering to obtain an extracting solution, and finally separating and purifying the extracting solution by means of a silica gel column to obtain sucrose ester;
the particle size of the tobacco is 100-400 meshes; the water content of the tobacco is 1-3%;
the eutectic solvent system is a choline chloride/urea, choline chloride/glycerol or choline chloride/acetic acid solvent system;
in the choline chloride/urea solvent system, the mol ratio of choline chloride to urea is 1.8-2.5; the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the choline chloride/urea solvent system is 1g: 25-35 mL;
or in the choline chloride/glycerol solvent system, the molar ratio of the choline chloride to the glycerol is 1.9-2.6; the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the choline chloride/glycerin system is 1g: 35-40 mL;
or in the choline chloride/acetic acid solvent system, the mol ratio of the choline chloride to the acetic acid is 1.5-3.0; the mass volume ratio of the tobacco powder to the choline chloride/acetic acid system is 1g: 15-35 mL;
the purities of the choline chloride, the urea, the glycerol and the acetic acid are all 95-99%;
the power of the microwave heating treatment is 500-900W, and the treatment time is 10-30 min;
the rotation speed for stirring during microwave heating is 200-450 r/min;
the temperature of the low-temperature deionized water is 4-10 ℃.
2. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conductivity of the low-temperature deionized water is 0.08-0.10 mu S/cm.
3. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the addition amount of the low-temperature deionized water to the tobacco powder is 20-40mL.
4. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time for continuously stirring after adding the low-temperature deionized water is 10-30 min.
5. The extraction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the silica gel column is reagent grade silica gel column layer chromatography silica gel, and the mesh number of the silica gel column is 200-300 meshes.
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