CN113331183A - Compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials astragalus and application method - Google Patents

Compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials astragalus and application method Download PDF

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CN113331183A
CN113331183A CN202110252070.6A CN202110252070A CN113331183A CN 113331183 A CN113331183 A CN 113331183A CN 202110252070 A CN202110252070 A CN 202110252070A CN 113331183 A CN113331183 A CN 113331183A
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seedlings
astragalus
compound preparation
root
traditional chinese
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梁永贤
史纹华
赵钟华
王登朝
秦建平
何丽
侯伟儒
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Wuwei Yinuoda Planting Co ltd
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    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
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Abstract

The invention provides a compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali and an application method thereof. The formula of the compound preparation comprises 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution, 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of carvacrol aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 5%, 500mL of abamectin and neem emulsifiable solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, 150g of oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 6% and 600g of osmotic star powder with the mass concentration of 50%. The compound preparation can quickly kill germs (insects) carried by astragalus membranaceus seedlings and effectively prevent the germs (insects) in soil from damaging the astragalus membranaceus seedlings.

Description

Compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials astragalus and application method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to a compound preparation for preventing and treating astragalus root diseases of a traditional Chinese medicinal material and an application method thereof.
Background
Tenggery desert open land 65 km east of the city of Wuwei. The area belongs to a temperate zone arid desert type climate, the annual average temperature is 9.4 ℃, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the frost-free period is short. The precipitation is little, and the annual evaporation capacity is 2063.5 mm. The soil type is desert sandy soil and aeolian sandy soil, the pH value of underground water is between 8.2 and 8.9, and the natural condition is very special. In order to further increase the economic income of easily moving the masses and convert the resource disadvantage into the resource advantage, the cultivation demonstration of the traditional Chinese medicine astragalus mongholicus in the saline-alkali soil of the desert is developed, and the good economic income is obtained.
As the astragalus cultured by the immigration masses is mainly selected from high-quality seedlings for direct seeding, the seedlings are mainly from Dengxi city and inner Mongolian red-peak city in Gansu province. The soil-borne diseases (insect pests) are relatively serious in part of production areas in Dengxi City of Gansu province due to continuous cropping for many years, and according to related data reports, the field morbidity of part of radix astragali root diseases is 100%, the average disease rate is 68.6%, and the disease index is more than 50.75% (an radix astragali root disease treating agent, application number: 201910583782.9). Because seedlings are infected (worms), particularly in the continuous rainy weather, the surface layer of soil is accumulated with water and the drainage is not smooth, so that the root diseases of the plots without planted traditional Chinese medicinal materials are serious, the enthusiasm of the migrant masses for developing the production of the astragalus membranaceus is influenced, and the healthy development of the industry of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the astragalus membranaceus is restricted.
As the astragalus cultured by the immigration masses is mainly selected from high-quality seedlings for direct seeding, the seedlings are mainly from Dengxi city and inner Mongolian red-peak city in Gansu province. The soil-borne diseases (insect pests) are relatively serious in part of production areas in Dengxi City of Gansu province due to continuous cropping for many years, and according to related data reports, the field morbidity of part of radix astragali root diseases is 100%, the average disease rate is 68.6%, and the disease index is more than 50.75% (an radix astragali root disease treating agent, application number: 201910583782.9). Because seedlings are infected (worms), particularly in the continuous rainy weather, the surface layer of soil is accumulated with water and the drainage is not smooth, so that the root diseases of the plots without planted traditional Chinese medicinal materials are serious, the enthusiasm of the migrant masses for developing the production of the astragalus membranaceus is influenced, and the healthy development of the industry of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the astragalus membranaceus is restricted.
The radix astragali root rot disease is mainly a disease formed by the combined action of pathogenic bacteria existing in soil and pathogenic nematodes, wherein both Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum are important pathogenic causes of the radix astragali root rot disease, and the pathogenic nematodes damaging radix astragali mainly comprise dwarf nematodes and root rot nematodes; the astragalus root tingling and oral cavity disease is formed by the damage of astragalus root nodule elephant larva, and the adult and larva are mainly used for damaging roots and leaves of astragalus, so that the yield and the quality of astragalus are seriously influenced (the 2 nd stage of 2014 in the Chinese plant protection journal). The astragalus seedlings carry bacteria (worms), the overground part of the astragalus seedlings is obviously weakened in growth, plants are short and small, plant leaves become yellow and withered, the stem base and the main root are all changed into a red brown dry rot shape, longitudinal cracks or red stripes are formed on the stem base and the main root, lateral roots are easy to rot or are few, diseased plants are easy to pull out from soil, the main root vascular bundles are changed into brown, and the roots grow mildew when the humidity is high, so that the yield and the quality of the astragalus are directly influenced.
The conventional treatment method comprises the following steps:
1. low-toxicity pesticides such as 15 percent of abamectin chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution and 70 percent of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder are sprayed or drip-irrigated at the early stage of disease onset to replace high-toxicity pesticides to prevent and control astragalus root diseases.
2. The soil treatment agents such as phoxim, methyl isophos and the like are used for soaking roots or spreading poisonous soil, so that nematodes and root nodule elephants parasitized on astragalus seedlings are eliminated, and the occurrence of astragalus root diseases is reduced.
3. The monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, so that the stress resistance of astragalus plants is improved, and the occurrence of root rot and pockmark disease is reduced.
4. The application of special organic fertilizer and fulvic acid for traditional Chinese medicinal materials is increased, the stress resistance of the astragalus is improved, and the occurrence of root rot and pocking mark is reduced.
The main disadvantages are that:
1. low-toxicity pesticides such as 15 percent of abamectin chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution and 70 percent of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder are selected to replace high-toxicity pesticides, and although the effects are good, the low-toxicity pesticides do not meet the current development requirements of green, safety and health. 70% of the metabolites of thiophanate-methyl are carbendazim and are not effective against bacterial diseases. The long-term use of the drug tends to make germs resistant and to leave residues (us coca-cola carbendazim event (1 month 2012)). In the specific production process, the pesticide dosage is randomly increased when a farmer uses the pesticide, so that pesticide residue and soil pollution are easily caused, and the green production of succeeding crops is influenced.
2. When the phoxim is used for soaking roots, the effect is optimal at a dark night, but the weather is cold at night in spring, the operation is inconvenient, and the habit of farmers is carried out in the daytime, so that the due control effect cannot be achieved. In addition, the methyl isosalix phosphorus belongs to a high-toxicity pesticide, is easy to produce medicament residue and does not meet the current requirement of green development.
3. By adopting the method of spraying monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces and applying organic fertilizer and fulvic acid, although the stress resistance of the astragalus is improved, the root rot and the numb mouth disease still occur seriously when seedlings carry bacteria (worms) and water is accumulated in continuous rainy days.
An Astragalus root treating agent and its application (application number: 201910583782.9).
The main technical scheme is as follows: the water-soluble paint is prepared by adding the following raw materials by weight into 10L of water and mixing: 10ml of cyantraniliprole seed treatment suspending agent, 10ml of thiamethoxam seed treatment suspending agent, 0.625ml of fludioxonil seed treatment suspending agent, 0.5ml of metalaxyl-M seed treatment suspending agent and 3.75ml of thiabendazole seed treatment suspending agent.
The main disadvantages are that:
the 20 percent thiamethoxam suspending agent of the pesticide selected in the formula can not be mixed with alkaline substances, and the pesticide application effect is poor when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃; the pH of groundwater in the command area of the ecological construction of the dunma lake is 8.2-8.9, and the ground temperature at night after seeding in spring is usually lower than-10 ℃, which can affect the exertion of the drug effect; in the formula, the 15% thiabendazole suspending agent belongs to the benzimidazole bactericide, and is easy to generate long-term adverse effects on the groundwater water environment; 2 percent of metalaxyl-M in the formula has stronger selectivity on various diseases, especially has better control effect on oomycetes diseases, and the astragalus root rot disease is mainly caused by fusarium oxysporum and fusarium solani of deuteromycetes, and the application effect is extremely poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a composite preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of astragalus root is prepared through proportionally mixing the bactericides and assistant, and dipping the root in medicinal liquid to form a shell on the surface of astragalus root.
A compound preparation for preventing and treating astragalus root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprises 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution, 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of 5% carvacrol aqueous solution, 500mL of 0.8% abamectin and neem emulsifiable solution, 150g of 6% oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder and 600g of 50% penetrating star powder.
An application method of a compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:
1) purchasing high-quality astragalus membranaceus seedlings, and manually removing diseased seedlings;
2) preparing a seedling soaking water bucket before sowing in farmland, adding 100L of warm water at 35 ℃, selecting 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution (adding the water bucket to adjust the pH value of the warm water to 5.8-6.2), then sequentially adding 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of 5% carvacrol aqueous solution, 500mL of 0.8% avermectin and neem emulsifiable solution, 150g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder and 600g of 50% osmotic star powder, stirring while adding, and sequentially adding after each medicament is fully dissolved to obtain the compound preparation.
3) And removing soil of the seedlings to be planted, shaking the seedlings clean, dipping the seedlings in the prepared slurry for 30s, taking out the seedlings, airing the water of the composite preparation on the surface layers of the seedlings, and then mechanically sowing the seedlings.
The 11371TM bactericide is a 0.3% tetramycin aqueous solution.
The pesticide type auxiliary agent is a penetrant, and the mass of the pesticide type auxiliary agent added is 0.6-1% of the mass of the composite preparation.
The pesticide applied by the invention is green, safe and residue-free biological and plant pesticide, and meets the production requirement of green food.
After the invention is used, the bacteria (insects) carried by the seedlings of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be effectively killed, the harm of the mixed bacteria (insects) in the soil to the seedlings is avoided, the root rot and the pockmark disease of the astragalus root are radically cured, and the enthusiasm of farmers who easily move projects to develop the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is improved.
After the pesticide residue prevention and control method is used, the problem that the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is influenced due to the fact that the pesticide residue is too high caused by improper use of the pesticide by farmers can be effectively avoided.
After the invention is used, the invention can effectively treat the root disease of the astragalus and also can play a role in preventing and treating other diseases (insect pests).
In the invention, the auxiliary agent (penetrant) is added to be used as a penetrant, an emulsifier, a wetting agent and an expanding agent, so that the exertion of the effect of the medicament can be accelerated, and the effect of achieving twice the result with half the effort is achieved.
In the invention, the added urea phosphate can effectively reduce the pH value of the astragalus membranaceus seedling soil body or a soil micro-area after being used, can also provide nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements for the growth of the astragalus membranaceus in the seedling stage, and plays roles in improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the soil structure and promoting the growth of astragalus membranaceus.
The medicament selected in the formula contains various nutrient elements required by plant growth and development, so that the stress resistance of the astragalus can be enhanced, the regeneration of astragalus tissues can be promoted, the quality can be improved, and the yield can be increased.
The key point of the invention is that the selected auxiliary agent is a pesticide type common auxiliary agent, such as 50% penetration star. The 50% of the penetrant star is an anionic surfactant, is an adsorption carrier of a high-purity surfactant and high activity, is processed into soluble powder with ultrahigh permeability and ultrahigh wettability by a scientific process, and is convenient to use. The action mechanism is that the liquid medicine quickly penetrates through the epidermal layer of the seedling through the air holes, so that the liquid medicine can quickly penetrate into the body of pathogenic bacteria (insects) to kill the pathogenic bacteria (insects) carried by the seedling in a short time. The product has excellent wetting expansion performance, greatly enhances the permeability, improves the utilization rate of the liquid medicine and the rain wash resistance, and achieves the purposes of saving cost, saving labor and improving the drug effect. The penetrant star shows much more advantages than other penetrants such as azone, thiaketone, organic fluorine and organosilicon, in terms of wettability, permeability, compatibility with other raw materials and stability, and the price is only 15% -25% of the penetrant, and the compounding amount is 0.6% -1%. The technology is the latest technology of agricultural penetrants, and from the aspects of environmental protection, price, effect and the like, the penetrant star will be the new direction of the agricultural penetrant technology (the product is produced by Zhengzhou Xinlian Biochemical technology Co., Ltd.).
The selected auxiliary agent urea phosphate is urea phosphate or urea phosphate, is a ruminant feed additive which is superior to urea and can provide non-protein nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time, is colorless transparent prismatic crystal, is easy to dissolve in water, and has an acidic aqueous solution, and the pH value of a 1% aqueous solution is 1.89; meanwhile, the urea phosphate is also a kind of fertilizer which is decomposed into urea and phosphoric acid when entering the soil and releases a small amount of CO2And NH3The urea phosphate can be used as a fertilizer and a saline-alkali soil conditioner to be applied to soil, so that the problem that the irrigation water quality of the area is slightly alkaline can be effectively relieved, the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the soil conditioner is used for improving the irrigation water quality of the areaThereby playing the roles of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the soil structure and promoting the growth of the astragalus. (this product is manufactured by Sichuan assort 37025
The key point of the invention is that 11371TM bactericide (0.3% tetramycin water aqua) is a tetramycin upgraded product newly developed by Liaoning microbial engineering Limited company, and the product has higher content of effective components and stronger systemic bactericidal activity. The complementarity of the four effective components of the tetramycin is further improved, and the control effect on bacterial and fungal diseases is more prominent. Has multiple effects of protecting, treating, nourishing and the like on crops, and is suitable for preventing and treating various crop fungal and bacterial diseases. Especially has stronger killing effect on fungi of deuteromycotina causing root rot of astragalus, and the like. Is suitable for three types of pathogenic fungi (ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and imperfect fungi) and two types of pathogenic bacteria (gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria), has extremely strong killing effect, and can achieve the aim of treating more than one medicine. The tetramycin serving as the main component is a fermentation metabolite of streptomyces hygroscopicus paraspinalis subspecies, is generally tetramycin, is derived from an actinomycete separated and screened from Guangxi paraspinalis soil sample, can form multiple nutrients in the fermentation process, can enhance the stress resistance of the astragalus membranaceus, promote the regeneration of new tissues of the astragalus membranaceus, promote the early growth and the quick growth of the astragalus membranaceus, improve the quality and increase the yield. The addition amount is 1% (the product is produced by Liaoning Microbiol engineering Co., Ltd.).
The key point of the invention is that the selected 5% carvacrol water aqua is a pure natural plant source high-efficiency broad-spectrum bactericide pesticide, has strong permeability and systemic property, has very good prevention and treatment effects on fungus, bacterial diseases and mites of various plants such as root rot, gray mold, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, scab and the like, contains various nutrient elements required by plant growth and development, can promote the growth of crops, improves the quality, and is suitable for developing organic Chinese medicinal materials. The pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation 5% carvacrol aqua selected by the formula is independently innovated and researched by a biopesticide innovation team of Lanzhou university of transportation. The technical achievement of the invention has obtained the registration of new national pesticide (2.1% eugenol aqua has obtained the registration of pesticide of Ministry of agriculture of the people's republic of China (registration number LS20011820) in 2001), has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, green safety, yield and income increase, environmental protection, no pollution and the like, breaks through the plant protection theory of ' pesticide does not prevent diseases and bactericide does not kill insects ', and the application effect reaches the first line chemical pesticide level in the world; has been certified and documented by organic agriculture and food deposits in the United states, European Union and Japan; the industrialization is realized, large-area demonstration and popularization are carried out in a plurality of provinces, remarkable social, ecological and economic benefits are obtained, and the method has great significance for promoting green and ecological agriculture. The addition amount is 0.35-0.4% (the product is produced by Biotech limited of Lanzhou).
The key point of the invention is that 0.8 percent of pesticide avermectin-neem emulsifiable solution is selected and compounded by microbial source and plant source pesticide, and the pesticide has the functions of contact killing, stomach toxicity, food refusal, avoidance and insect growth and development inhibition. Has high specific inhibition function on coleoptera, orthoptera, lepidoptera and other pests, especially has extremely strong killing effect on root nodule elephant of coleoptera, does not damage natural enemy, and is safe to higher animals. The main component azadirachtin has an inhibiting effect on pests and mites, and also has an inhibiting effect on plant pathogenic bacteria and nematodes, so that azadirachtin is known as the most successful plant source pesticide with modern significance, and is a plant protection measure which is most suitable for overall crop management and pest comprehensive treatment. The addition amount is 0.5-0.6% (the product is produced by Chengdu Green gold high tech. limited).
The key point of the invention is that the selected antiviral agent is 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder, which is a protein biological pesticide capable of preventing and treating plant virus diseases and is developed successfully by plant protection research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, the pesticide is safe to environment and plants, has no pollution, and is beneficial to agricultural sustainable development.
The key point of the invention is that the selected pesticide adjuvant urea phosphateThe compound fertilizer can be used as an acid fertilizer to adjust the pH value of a compound preparation and better play the synergistic effect of various medicaments; on the other hand, it provides two elements of phosphorus and non-protein nitrogen (urea nitrogen), has higher safety than urea, and is a high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer (total nutrient elements N17.7% + P)2O544.9 percent) can promote the growth of astragalus membranaceus seedlings, and is particularly suitable for the nutritional requirements of astragalus membranaceus in the seedling stage.
The key point of the invention is that pesticide adjuvant (penetrant, emulsifier, wetting agent and extender) is preferably selected from penetrant star, and because of sufficient raw materials, low production cost, no generation of three wastes, and safety to water and soil.
The key point of the invention is that warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ is selected to further improve the activity of the bactericide and the insecticide, enhance the medication effect and facilitate the operation of operators.
After 1 acid fertilizer, 4 pesticide preparations and an auxiliary agent are matched for use, the invention can play a role in killing diseases and pests, preventing and protecting astragalus membranaceus seedlings and promoting the growth of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings.
The key point of the invention is that the selected auxiliary agent has permeability, emulsibility, wettability and expansibility.
The invention can also be used for preventing and treating other root diseases of Chinese medicinal materials such as angelica, codonopsis pilosula, radix angelicae pubescentis, liquorice, peony and the like.
In the compound preparation, the high-efficiency, safe, green and residue-free pesticide auxiliary agent penetrant is selected as a penetrant, a wetting agent, an extender and an emulsifier, so that the efficacy of various pesticide preparations in the formula can be obviously enhanced, the sterilization and insecticidal effects of various pesticide preparations are exerted, the purposes of treating diseases (insects) and preventing diseases (insects) are achieved, the produced commercial radix astragali is green, safe and high-efficiency, and the astragalus mongholicus is really a 'safe medicine' for people.
The pesticide adjuvant urea phosphate selected in the compound preparation is used as an acid fertilizer, so that the pH value of the compound preparation can be effectively adjusted, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements can be provided for the seedling growth of astragalus membranaceus. Meanwhile, the urea phosphate can be applied to soil as a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a fertilizer, and the problem that the quality of irrigation water in the area is slightly alkaline can be effectively solved, so that the effects of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the soil structure and promoting the growth of astragalus membranaceus are achieved.
In the compound preparation, 11371TM bactericide (0.3% tetramycin aqueous solution) is selected as the bactericide, so that the compound preparation has multiple effects of protecting, treating, nourishing and the like on crops, and is suitable for preventing and treating various crop fungal and bacterial diseases. Especially has stronger killing effect on fungi of deuteromycotina causing root rot of astragalus and the like, and can achieve the aim of treating more than one medicine. The main component tetramycin can form multiple nutrients in the fermentation process, can enhance the stress resistance of the astragalus, promote the regeneration of new tissues of the astragalus, promote the early growth and quick growth of the astragalus, improve the quality and increase the yield.
In the compound preparation, 5 percent of carvacrol water aqua is selected as a bactericide and an insecticide, and the preparation has strong permeability and systemic property, has very good prevention and treatment effects on fungi, bacterial diseases and mites of various plants such as root rot, gray mold, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, scab and the like, contains various nutrient elements required by plant growth and development, can promote the growth of crops, improves the quality, and is suitable for developing organic Chinese medicinal materials. Is a pure natural plant source high-efficiency broad-spectrum bactericide and pesticide.
In the compound preparation, 0.8 percent of pesticide avermectin and neem missible oil is compounded by microbial source and plant source pesticides, and has the effects of contact killing, stomach toxicity, food refusal, avoidance and insect growth and development inhibition. Has high specific inhibition function on coleoptera, orthoptera, lepidoptera and other pests, does not damage natural enemies, and is safe to higher animals. The agent has contact poisoning and stomach poisoning effects, and can be used for treating nervous system of pests. Has quick action and lasting effect, and can kill root nodule elephant causing radix astragali tingling and oral diseases.
In the compound preparation, 6 percent oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is selected as an antiviral agent, and the agent can stimulate plant growth metabolism and an autoimmune system by inducing plant self-resistance.
In the compound preparation, 5 percent of carvacrol water aqua is selected as a bactericide and an insecticide, and the pesticide has strong permeability, so when the auxiliary agent is added for penetration, the mass of the pesticide type auxiliary agent is 0.6 percent of the mass of the compound preparation.
The selected medicaments in the compound preparation are all biological pesticides and botanical pesticides, and meet the regulations of food safety law of the people's republic of China and plant protection bill of pesticides and other products allowed to be used in green food production.
The invention can also be used for preventing and treating the root diseases of other Chinese medicinal materials such as Chinese angelica, codonopsis pilosula, liquorice, radix angelicae pubescentis and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by using the compound preparation, the problems of low commodity of radix astragali and influence on economic income caused by serious root rot and pockmark disease when the radix astragali is cultivated in saline-alkali soil in the desert in the north are solved.
By using the compound preparation, the problem of environmental pollution caused by abuse of chemical pesticides in the process of planting traditional Chinese medicinal materials by farmers can be effectively solved.
By using the compound preparation, the growth potential and the stress resistance of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be effectively improved, and other bacterial diseases and viral diseases can be prevented and treated.
By using the compound preparation, the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the production process of the traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali is effectively reduced, the enthusiasm of easily moving farmers for developing traditional Chinese medicine production is further enhanced, the immigration income-increasing channel is widened, and the best social benefit is brought into play.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A compound preparation for preventing and treating astragalus root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprises 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution, 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of 5% carvacrol aqueous solution, 500mL of 0.8% abamectin and neem emulsifiable solution, 150g of 6% oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder and 600g of 50% penetrating star powder.
An application method of a compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:
1) purchasing high-quality astragalus membranaceus seedlings, and manually removing diseased seedlings;
2) preparing a seedling soaking water bucket before sowing in farmland, adding 100L of warm water at 35 ℃, selecting 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution (adding the water bucket to adjust the pH value of the warm water to 5.8-6.2), then sequentially adding 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of 5% carvacrol aqueous solution, 500mL of 0.8% avermectin and neem emulsifiable solution, 150g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder and 600g of 50% osmotic star powder, stirring while adding, and sequentially adding after each medicament is fully dissolved to obtain the compound preparation.
3) Removing soil from the astragalus membranaceus seedlings to be planted, shaking the seedlings clean, dipping the seedlings in the prepared composite preparation for 30s, taking out the seedlings, airing the water on the composite preparation on the surfaces of the seedlings, and then mechanically sowing the seedlings.
The 11371TM bactericide is a 0.3% tetramycin aqueous solution.
The pesticide type auxiliary agent is a penetrant, and the mass of the pesticide type auxiliary agent added is 0.6-1% of the mass of the composite preparation.
The composite preparation for preventing and treating the root rot and the pockmark disease of the traditional Chinese medicinal material radix astragali provided by the invention has good effects of preventing and treating the root rot and the pockmark disease of the radix astragali, the yield increasing effect of the radix astragali is obvious, the commodity of the radix astragali is obviously improved, and the radix astragali composite preparation is tested in the radix astragali main production area of the ecological construction command department of Denma lake in the Gangwei city, Gansu province in 2020, and the verification effect is good. The astragalus root composite preparation is prepared from 11371TM bactericide, carvacrol water aqua, abamectin and neem missible oil, oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder and auxiliary agents, and the selected pesticide preparations are biological pesticide and botanical pesticide and meet the regulations of food safety law of the people's republic of China. Meanwhile, the application method of the composite preparation is that astragalus seedlings are placed in the prepared slurry of the composite preparation in the seedling sowing period of astragalus, dipped in roots, fished out and dried in the air to remove the water in the composite preparation on the surface layer, and then the seedlings are sowed mechanically.
Example 1
Adding the following raw materials into 100L of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃, and mixing to prepare a compound preparation with the optimized Chinese medicinal material astragalus root disease: 11371TM bactericide 1000mL, carvacrol aqua 350mL, avermectin neem emulsifiable concentrate 500mL, oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder 150g, adjuvant 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution 2000mL and penetrating star 600 g. Wherein, 11371TM bactericide is produced by Liaoning microbial engineering Co., Ltd, oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is produced by pilot plant of pesticide of Chinese Nongkoku plant protection House, wherein the total effective component is 6.3%, 11371TM bactericide is 0.3%, oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is 6%; other similarities; the carvacrol water agent is produced by Biotechnology Limited of Chuangsheng, Lanzhou, wherein the total effective component is 5 percent; the avermectin and neem emulsifiable solution is produced by Chengdu green gold high and new technology limited company, wherein the total effective component is 0.8 percent; the adjuvant penetration star is produced by Zhengzhou Xinlian Biochemical technology limited company, wherein the total effective component is 50 percent; the auxiliary agent urea phosphate is produced by Sichuan assort 37025.
The urea phosphate can also be used as a saline-alkali soil conditioner and a fertilizer to be applied to soil in the growth period of the astragalus membranaceus, and can effectively relieve the problem that the irrigation water quality of the area is slightly alkaline, so that the effects of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the soil structure and promoting the growth of the astragalus membranaceus are achieved. The specific use method comprises the following steps: irrigation is combined in the root and stem extension period of the astragalus, and 5kg of urea phosphate is applied to each mu for 2 times by using a water and fertilizer integrated device.
Example 2
Wherein, the oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is produced by the crop science and technology limited company of green-keeping in Hebei, and the total effective component is 6 percent; the avermectin and neem emulsifiable solution is produced by chemical Limited of Xianruibang, and the total effective component is 0.8 percent; 11371 the TM bactericide, carvacrol aqua, auxiliary agent urea phosphate and the source of the penetrant are the same as those in example 1;
irrigation is combined in the root and stem extension period of the astragalus, and 5kg of urea phosphate is applied to each mu for 2 times by using a water and fertilizer integrated device.
Example 3
The compound preparation of any one of the preferable Chinese medicinal materials of the astragalus root disease and the preparation method specifically comprise the following steps: in the transplanting period of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings, the astragalus membranaceus seedlings are soaked in the composite preparation with the preferred astragalus root diseases for 30s, the astragalus membranaceus seedlings are fished out and aired to remove surface moisture and then are mechanically sown, active ingredients of the pesticide composite preparation can quickly permeate into the cortex of the seedlings, germs (insects) remained in the cortex of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings and at wounds are killed, meanwhile, the agents remained on the surface of the seedlings have the effects of preventing and killing germs in soil, and the best prevention and control effect can be achieved.
The astragalus root disease compound preparation is tested in the astragalus root main producing area of the dunma ying lake ecological construction command department in the cool district of wuwei city, gansu in 2020, and the local astragalus root disease is serious; setting a treatment group and a control group, using the preferable astragalus root disease compound preparation of the invention for an observation group, soaking the astragalus root disease compound preparation in a transplanting period of astragalus root seedlings, and then mechanically sowing the astragalus root disease compound preparation; the control group did not use any pesticide. The results of the control survey were conducted at the time of harvesting of Astragalus membranaceus in the same year, and the results were as follows:
table 1 shows the results of the investigation of the contracting place of the hough julian, a limited liability company for the plantation of the yinoda, wuweishi, 2020 (winter sown seedlings).
Table 1:
Figure BDA0002966475960000131
table 2 shows the results of the survey of the condemned area (spring sown seedlings) of the wanden dynasty, a limited liability company for the plantation of yinoda, wuwei in 2020.
Table 2:
Figure BDA0002966475960000132
wherein: the disease index is 100 × Σ (number of disease plants at each stage × representative value at each stage)/(total number of investigated plants × highest representative value);
relative control effect (%) - (control disease index-treatment disease index)/control disease index × 100.
The yield increase of the treated group was compared to the control group.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. A compound preparation for preventing and treating root diseases of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which is characterized in that: the formula comprises 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution, 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of carvacrol aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 5%, 500mL of abamectin and neem emulsifiable solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, 150g of oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder with the mass concentration of 6% and 600g of osmotic star powder with the mass concentration of 50%.
2. The application method of the compound preparation for preventing and treating the root disease of the traditional Chinese medicinal material astragalus root as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) high-quality astragalus seedlings are purchased, and the seedlings with diseases are manually picked out.
2) Preparing a seedling soaking water bucket before sowing in farmland, adding 100L of warm water at 35 ℃, adding 2000mL of 1% urea phosphate aqueous solution, adding the water bucket to adjust the pH value of the warm water to 5.8-6.2, then sequentially adding 1000mL of 11371TM bactericide, 350mL of 5% carvacrol aqueous solution, 500mL of 0.8% avermectin and neem emulsifiable solution, 150g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder and 600g of 50% osmotic star powder, stirring while adding, and sequentially adding after each medicament is fully dissolved to obtain the compound preparation.
3) And removing soil of the seedlings to be planted, shaking the seedlings clean, dipping the seedlings in the prepared composite preparation for 30s, fishing out the seedlings, airing the water of the composite preparation on the surfaces of the seedlings, and then mechanically sowing the seedlings.
3. The application method of the compound preparation for preventing and treating the root disease of the traditional Chinese medicinal material astragalus root as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the 11371TM bactericide is a 0.3% tetramycin aqueous solution.
4. The application method of the compound preparation for preventing and treating the root disease of the traditional Chinese medicinal material astragalus root as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the pesticide type auxiliary agent is a penetrant, and the mass of the pesticide type auxiliary agent added is 0.6-1% of the mass of the composite preparation.
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Application publication date: 20210903