CN113330171A - Building, in particular multi-storey building, and use of a damper in such a building - Google Patents
Building, in particular multi-storey building, and use of a damper in such a building Download PDFInfo
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- CN113330171A CN113330171A CN202080010723.3A CN202080010723A CN113330171A CN 113330171 A CN113330171 A CN 113330171A CN 202080010723 A CN202080010723 A CN 202080010723A CN 113330171 A CN113330171 A CN 113330171A
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- building
- facade
- damper
- support structure
- elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/0215—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings involving active or passive dynamic mass damping systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/88—Curtain walls
- E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
- E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
Abstract
The invention relates to a building (1), in particular a multi-storey building, having a support structure (5) and a facade (3) operatively connected to the support structure and exposed to wind, wherein the facade (3) has a plurality of facade elements (7), wherein the facade elements (7) are designed to move relative to the support structure (5) in response to a twisting of the support structure (5). It is proposed that at least some of the facade elements (7) are operatively connected to a plurality of dampers (13), wherein the dampers (13) are designed to dampen movements of the facade elements (7) relative to the support structure (5).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a building, in particular a multi-storey building, having a support structure and a facade operatively connected to the support structure and exposed to wind, wherein the facade has a plurality of facade elements, wherein the facade elements are mounted in such a way that the facade elements move relative to the support structure in response to a twisting of the support structure.
The invention also relates to the use of a damper for damping torsional pendulum movements in buildings, in particular multi-storey buildings.
Background
In the past decades, urban planning has created a trend towards higher buildings. This trend is driven by the fact that: in metropolitan areas, no new building space or only a limited amount of building space is available due to the existing building density, but at the same time more real estate space is needed. This has led to and will increasingly lead in the future to the appearance of slim high-rise buildings, in particular multi-story buildings, in town landscapes. Since buildings provide a considerable facade area facing the wind, in this case, with increasing height and increasing size of the area, a greater degree of torsional pendulum movement occurs, which is caused by the wind and is taken up by the support structure. The support structure is for example directly or indirectly operatively connected to the facade, wherein indirectly operatively connected to the facade is for example the case of a double-decked facade.
For example, at a height of about 200 meters in a multi-storey building, a range of twisting and swinging motions of more than 1 meter in the horizontal direction have been generated, even under normal wind conditions. The swinging motion may cause people in the building to feel uneasy, appearing like a seasickness. To prevent this, it has hitherto been found in the prior art to mount a pendulum mass (pendulum masses) provided with a damper (also referred to as a shock absorber) at an upper portion of a building to reduce the magnitude of the movement of the wind-induced vibrations.
The inertial mass required for such a pendulum is rather large (in the range of several hundred tons) and the pendulum also requires installation space. In addition, the installation space occupied by the pendulum is not available for the primary use of the building, and therefore the theoretical usable volume of the building is limited by the use of such a pendulum. In particular in expensive residential areas, where in particular the above-mentioned multi-storey buildings are used, this thus reveals that the prior art is disadvantageous for economic reasons. Furthermore, this weight must be additionally borne by the support structure, more precisely also by all the floors of the building under the pendulum.
Another possibility to reduce the vibrations of the building is to obliquely integrate the damper into the support structure in a similar way as the crane support structure. The disadvantage of this solution is that the entire building structure has to be changed. This solution is therefore very rare.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on the object of improving a building of the type mentioned at the beginning in order to achieve an effect in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome as far as possible. In particular, the invention is based on the object of developing the building in question in order to achieve a better utilization of the volume enclosed by the building without reducing the vibration damping properties of the building as much as possible. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of, in particular, reducing wind induced torsion of a support structure of a building.
The invention achieves the basic object in a building of the type mentioned at the outset in that at least some of the facade elements are operatively connected to a plurality of dampers, wherein the dampers are designed to dampen movements of the facade elements relative to the support structure. In other words, the invention aims to restrain the movement of the facade elements themselves, so that the facade becomes an active structural element of the building that participates in the damping. The present invention is based on the discovery that: the facade elements present on the facade of the building must perform a relative movement with respect to the support structure and preferably also the facade elements are moved relative to each other so that the facade elements can remain on the support structure despite the twisting movement of the support structure. If the facade elements are not movable they may be damaged by the support structure wiggling or may become detached from the support structure. The invention aims to utilize the relative movement of the facade elements in relation to the support structure and to provide dampers at the locations where the relative movement takes place, in particular the relative movement of the facade elements or the suspension parts thereof in relation to each other. In this way, energy can be dissipated directly through the movement of the facade elements, thus contributing to reducing the torsional movements of the support structure, in any case reducing the amplitude of these movements.
The invention was developed with the aid of the following facts: adjacent facade elements are in each case designed to be displaced parallel relative to one another in response to a twisting of the support structure. Relative movement of the facade elements with respect to each other is also suppressed according to the invention.
The facade elements are preferably pivotably arranged on the support structure, in particular suspended in a receiving provided on the support structure. A pivoting movement is to be understood here as a movement having a rotational and/or translational component.
The suspended arrangement of the facade elements is such that the facade elements have a vertical movement component in the region of the at least one receiving portion during the pivoting movement. However, other types of facade mounting are possible that allow vertical movement of the facade elements in response to movement of the building. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the damper will typically be designed for damping a vertical movement component of the facade element.
In another preferred embodiment the facade elements are mounted to be movable in a horizontal direction relative to the support structure. In this case, the damper is preferably designed to exhibit a damping action in the horizontal direction. In a preferred alternative, the damper is designed to damp a horizontal relative movement of a facade element of a first floor with respect to an adjacent facade element of an adjacent second floor, or in each case a horizontal movement of a facade element of a floor with respect to the support structure.
The invention advantageously develops: at least one damper is in each case operatively connected to two adjacent facade elements and is designed to dampen the displacement movement of the facade elements relative to each other. Alternatively or additionally, at least one damper is provided which is in each case operatively connected on the one hand to the facade elements and on the other hand to the support structure, and which is designed to damp relative movements of the facade elements relative to the support structure. The two damping measures mentioned above, i.e. on the one hand damping between adjacent facade elements and on the other hand damping at attachment points between the facade and the support structure, can also be combined with each other in an application-specific manner.
Various damping mechanisms are contemplated to achieve damping in accordance with the present invention. First of all, the idea of using facade as a damper element to reduce vibrations is of crucial importance. In a preferred embodiment, the damper has one or more damper elements which are in each case in frictional or direct contact with one or more surfaces and are designed to create a shear force inside the damping material upon displacement of the facade element, resulting in damping. Here, the mentioned surface or surfaces can be arranged either directly on the facade element itself or on a relatively movable part of the respective damper, whereby the surface or surfaces are connected directly or indirectly to the facade element.
The strength of the damping may preferably be defined by the prestress (i.e. the partial compression, for example oriented transversely to the surface) of the damper element. The size of the surface, which can be doubled by forming it in series, for example, is also part of the damping parameter.
In addition to using the principle of material damping by shear forces, frictional damping is also conceivable, wherein prestressing and surfaces also influence the damping value. Another influencing variable of the damping level is the specification of the surface structure of the friction surface or surfaces corresponding to the damper element. However, the lubricating medium and the like also have an influence.
Damping may be achieved by friction and/or by material damping. In a preferred embodiment, the damper has one or more damper elements which are designed to produce damping by material damping upon a displacement movement of the facade elements relative to each other. The damping properties of materials are utilized with particular advantages in terms of wear properties over friction damping. Such an embodiment is therefore particularly preferred in view of the service life. However, it is alternatively also possible to combine a plurality of friction designs with one another, in particular a combination of friction damping and material damping.
It is particularly preferred that the damper element is arranged and attached in the following manner: during the initial relative movement, the damper element first generates damping by material damping and only generates damping by sliding friction when a predetermined range of relative movement is exceeded. The participation of the frictional damping is particularly directed to when an abnormal load peak occurs. By combining these two operating mechanisms, low wear damping (for "normal" relative movements, e.g. generated under normal wind loads) is advantageously combined with a definable extra damping reserve (for exceptionally high relative movements, e.g. under strong gusts or storm gusts). It is considered to be a further advantage that even very strong wind forces do not result in damage to the facade elements or the suspension thereof, although the facade elements are coupled together.
When using material damping, the damper element is preferably formed partially or completely from an elastically deformable, in particular volumetrically compressible material, the material damping of which changes, in particular increases, with increasing prestress, in particular precompression, and the damper element is particularly preferably mounted in an at least partially deformed, in particular partially compressed, state. The strength of the damping that has been generated upon a slight relative movement of the facade elements with respect to each other or of the support structure with respect to the facade elements is defined by the level of pre-compression. As a result of the relative movement, the damper element is preferably exposed to a shear load defined by the shear angle. The shear angle itself is also defined by the distance between the relative movement components transverse to the direction of movement.
It is proposed within the scope of the invention in particular to produce a high degree of damping in the event of a slight deflection of the facade elements, so that a large amount of energy can be dissipated. At the same time, however, the lifting force acting on the facade elements should be as small as possible. By lifting forces are meant those forces or force components acting in the vertical direction of the facade element which may cause the facade element to be lifted from its anchoring point on the support structure.
According to other aspects of the invention, the facade elements are thus preferably arranged to be vertically movable relative to the support structure, and the dampers are designed to produce a damping effect in the vertical direction.
This other aspect is both a preferred embodiment of the first aspect described above and is itself a concept of the present invention.
In a preferred alternative, the damper is designed to suppress in each case a relative movement of one facade element relative to the support structure or of a plurality of facade elements jointly relative to the support structure, or in each case a movement of a single facade element relative to the support structure or of a plurality of facade elements jointly relative to the support structure. Precisely, any movement component which generates an undesired lifting force which causes the facade element to be lifted from its anchoring point is thus suppressed.
In this respect, the building takes advantage of all the advantages of the building according to the first aspect. Advantages of the first aspect and preferred embodiments are simultaneously advantages of the second aspect and vice versa.
The damper element preferably has two connecting elements which are movable relative to one another, which are connected in each case to one of two adjacent facade elements or on the one hand to a facade element and on the other hand to the support structure, and the damper element is operatively connected to the connecting elements in the following manner: the strength of the deformation, in particular the shear force, increases with increasing relative movement of the connecting elements with respect to each other.
This can be achieved, for example, by: one or more damper elements are enclosed between the two connecting elements, the one or more damper elements being subjected to shear forces during relative movement of the facade elements with respect to each other (which also results in relative movement of the connecting elements).
In a preferred embodiment, the damper element is partly or entirely formed of an elastic material, preferably rubber, MCU or the like. It is further preferred that the damper element is partially or completely made of an elastomer based on a porous, in particular microcellular or mixed-pore, polyurethane elastomer and/or based on thermoplastic polyurethane.
In a further preferred embodiment, adjacent facade elements each have a single-or multi-layer viewing element and/or covering element and a frame, wherein at least one of the lateral surfaces of the frame is connected to a damper and is designed to take up forces, in particular shear forces, which arise as a result of the damping and act on the frame, and the frame borders the (border) window element in the following manner: such that a force flow (force flow) of at least a part of the borne force occurs through the window element. The introduction of forces into the frame by the glazing, in particular peripheral glazing, has the following effect: the forces introduced during the pivoting movement of the facade elements, and thus during the relative movement of the facade elements performed via the dampers, no longer have to flow only through the frame of the facade elements, but may additionally be dredged via the surface of the viewing element and/or the covering element (that is to say, for example, the glass surface of the viewing element). The viewing element is also referred to as "structural glass" and causes the frame to stiffen and remain more dimensionally stable. The forces are thus distributed over a larger area, thereby distributing the load more evenly over the entire facade element. The frame may be constructed with lower stiffness specifications, thus providing the potential for reducing the weight of the facade elements. Furthermore, a window trim consisting of an elastically deformable material, in particular an elastically deformable material with a predetermined material damping, also allows to introduce a damping at a position between the frame and the window element.
In a further preferred embodiment, adjacent facade elements have in each case a single-layer or multi-layer viewing element and/or covering element and a frame, in which the window elements are preferably set by means of an elastically deformable, in particular volumetrically compressible material, which is preferably designed to produce damping by means of material damping in response to compression. Elastically deformable joints are also particularly advantageous when used in multiple layer window elements (i.e., multiple layer glass units). In principle, there is likely to be a slight deviation between the different window layers in such a system. However, these small dimensional deviations are compensated for by using a binding material. In addition, the elastic splice material allows for expansion compensation for the results caused by temperature differences. Upon intense heating, there is a difference in the expansion of the window element from that of the frame to which it is bound, depending on the expectation, and this difference is also compensated by the elastically deformable binding material. The result of the joining of the frame and the glass by means of the binding material is that forces are also channeled through the window and the facade elements remain generally rectangular. In this context, "blocking" is also mentioned. Preferably, the "blocking" or bonding of the window pane to the frame should occur as rigidly as possible to ensure that even minor building movements stiffen the frame to such an extent that: the damper, which is fixed to the frame and itself connected in series, undergoes a relative movement completely and can generate damping. Alternatively, all damping occurs in the bezel assembly. Thus, the frames may be attached directly to each other or to the support structure, rather than to the damper.
In a simple embodiment, the elastically deformable material for the bonded viewing element and/or the cover element may be, for example, a silicone material. In other preferred embodiments, the elastically deformable material is preferably formed partially or entirely of an elastomer (e.g. rubber, MCU, etc.), in particular a polyurethane elastomer based on micropores or mixed pores and/or based on thermoplastic polyurethane. Further preferably, the material consists partially or completely of an elastically deformable adhesive. The advantageous properties of such a material may advantageously be manifested in the binding material of the window element.
In a further preferred embodiment, the damper has a plurality of damper elements which are designed as sheet metal plates (lamellae), are oriented substantially parallel to one another and are arranged in a sandwich-like manner between a plurality of first profile rails and a plurality of second profile rails, wherein the first profile rails are connected to a first connecting element of the damper and the second profile rails are connected to a second connecting element of the damper, wherein the two connecting elements are movable relative to one another. The relative movability of the two connecting elements makes it possible to compensate for tolerances and temperature expansions during installation, during production of the facade or during production of the damper. In a preferred embodiment, in particular these connection elements are meant to have been mentioned further above in relation to other preferred embodiments, wherein the embodiments of the sheet-type damper element are also independent of other features of the above-described embodiments and are considered disclosed. Due to the plate-shaped design of the damper element and the sandwich-shaped arrangement between the first profile rail and the second profile rail, a very large number of damper elements are accommodated in a very small cross-sectional area, which can result in a very high damping with very small installation space requirements by means of a relative movement of the connecting elements. As an alternative to attaching the profile rail to the connecting element, it is also conceivable to omit the connecting element and attach the profile rail directly to the adjacent facade element or directly to the support structure and the facade element.
It is particularly preferred that the facade defines a facade plane and that the sheet and profile rails are oriented parallel to the facade panels. This results in that the two connecting elements, as well as the adjacent facade element or the support structures of the facade elements, can be displaced with respect to each other not only in the vertical direction along the longitudinal edges of the facade elements but also to some extent in the transverse direction. The installation tolerances and thermal expansion effects can be compensated in a simple manner by the arrangement of the laterally flexible lamellae.
As far as a building or a multi-storey building is concerned within the scope of the present invention, this is preferably understood in particular to mean that the building has a height of more than 50 meters, further preferably more than 100 meters, particularly preferably more than 150 meters. The invention mainly shows advantages in buildings with a certain height. To a certain extent, the invention shows advantages in tall and slim buildings, in particular the advantages of the invention are more evident the higher the height of the building, corresponding to the ground area. The area of the foundation may be represented by the width of the side of the building. A tall and slim building is understood to have a height to width ratio of the widest side of the building in the range of 6 to 1 or more.
The invention has been described above with reference to a building based on the first and second aspects. In other aspects, the invention relates to the use of a damper to dampen torsional pendulum motion of a building, in particular a multi-storey building. The invention achieves the object on which it is based as follows: in a building of the type mentioned at the outset, there is a support structure and a facade which is operatively connected to the support structure and exposed to the wind, wherein the facade has a plurality of facade elements, wherein the facade elements are arranged movably, in particular horizontally and/or vertically and/or pivotably movable, relative to the support structure, and wherein the facade elements are designed to move relative to the support structure in response to a twisting of the support structure, wherein at least some of the facade elements are operatively connected to a plurality of dampers, wherein the dampers dampen the movement of the facade elements relative to the support structure. The use according to the invention makes use of the same advantages and preferred embodiments of the buildings described above, and reference is therefore made to the above statements to avoid repetition. Preferred embodiments of the building according to the first and second aspects are also preferred embodiments according to other aspects of the use.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows a schematic spatial view of a building according to a preferred exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the space of a building under wind load.
Fig. 3 shows a detailed illustration of the building according to fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 shows a more detailed illustration of a portion of the facade of the building of fig. 1 and 3. And is
Fig. 5a and 5b show a detailed schematic view of the elevation of the building shown in fig. 1 to 4. And is
Figure 6 shows a preferred arrangement of dampers for the building of figures 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 first shows a building 1 which is designed as a multi-storey building and has a height h. The building 1 has a first building side 2 and a second building side 4, wherein each of the building sides 2, 4 has a facade 3. In the present exemplary embodiment, the second building side 4 is merely by way of example the narrower of the two building sides 2 and 4, and the second building side 4 has a width b. The height h of the building 1 is preferably at least six times the width b, particularly preferably more than ten times the width.
The building 1 has a support structure 5 to which the facade 3 is fixed. The facade 3 is composed of a number of facade elements 7.
If the building 1 is exposed to a wind load W (as shown in fig. 2), which in the present illustrated example according to fig. 2 strikes the second building side 4, a vibration of the building 1 is induced. Excitation (excitation) by the wind load W causes the support structure 5 to deflect by different amounts in the horizontal direction at different heights of the building. In the case of the exemplary excitation according to fig. 2, this leads to a strong torsion of the facade 3, in particular on the first building side 2.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the facade elements 7 are in each case arranged next to one another, next to one another and lying on top of one another, thus forming the facade 3. The facade elements 7 have in each case one or more coupling elements 9, which one or more coupling elements 9 are designed to be connected to correspondingly formed receptacles 11 of the sides of the support structure 5. The facade elements 7 are arranged to be movable in relation to the support structure 5 so that the facade elements 7 are not damaged or, in the worst case, detached from the support structure in the event of a twisting of the support structure 5. In the present example according to fig. 3, a support structure 5 is shown, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a substantially skeleton-like structural frame having a plurality of vertically spaced-apart support structure planes 5a, 5b, 5c, wherein the facade elements 7 are arranged in each case on one of the support structure planes 5a, 5b, 5 c. If a torsion force V is generated due to the wind load W, the support structure elements 5a, 5b, 5c move in relation to each other in the horizontal direction. In order to enable the facade element 7 to accompany this movement, the facade element 7 is pivotally arranged on the receiving portion 11, for example the coupling element 9 is designed in the form of a vertically oriented pin which can slide in the vertical direction in the receiving portion 11, the receiving portion 11 being designed as a corresponding opening or guide. Two exemplary types of such relative movement of the facade elements 7 are shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 4 depicts three facade elements 7 adjacent to each other in the basic state. If following arrow V1Is applied with a torque in the direction of arrow P, the facade element 7 is moved along1To a position angled with respect to the basic state and optionally varying in height. For illustrative purposes, the corresponding movements and deformations shown in fig. 2 and 4 are shown in an exaggerated manner.
As shown in fig. 4, if the facade element 7 is connected at both ends to the receivers 11a and 11b in each case, the facade element 7 is now following arrow P1Will perform a pivoting movement, for example about the receiving portion 11a, so that the facade elements migrate slightly upwards relative to the receiving portion 11 b. This is understood to be the lifting movement and causes liftingThe force of the lifting movement is understood to be the lifting force. However, the facade elements 7 also assume a parallel position relative to each other in the twisted position.
If a torque force V is generated in the opposite direction2The adjacent facade element 7 will follow arrow P2Is pivoted in each case accordingly about the receiving portion 11 b. In both deflection cases it should be observed that in each case a parallel displacement occurs between adjacent facade elements 7.
As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the invention makes use of this parallel displacement precisely, according to a preferred exemplary embodiment, in each case with a damper 13 mounted between adjacent facade walls 7. When the adjacent facade elements 7 are displaced in parallel, the dampers 13 damp this movement and thus contribute to damping the vibration amplitude. FIG. 5b shows a single damper 13 in a direction transverse to the movement arrow S1、S2Is cross-sectional view in the plane of (a).
As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 5a and 5b, it is also possible to use the damper shown in fig. 5b or an alternative damper, and to arrange the damper or an alternative damper shown in fig. 5b not between two adjacent facade elements 7, but between the support structure 5 on the one hand and the facade elements 7 in each case on the other hand.
As an alternative or in addition to the vertical thrust movement, the horizontal compensating movement of the facade elements 7 in direction t can also be used for damping, or even as an additional supplement.
The facade element 7 shown in fig. 5a and 5b has a frame 15 in which frame 15 a window element 17 is held, which window element 17 may be a single glass unit or a plurality of glass units. The window element 17 is preferably bound in the frame 15 by means of an elastically deformable binding material 19, and the window element 17 is thus "blocked". The insert 19 may transmit forces into the window element 17 and out of the window element 17 when the frame 15 is twisted. The veneer 19 also contributes to the damping of the facade element 3 if the material of the veneer 19 has damping properties, i.e. in particular material damping.
In particular fromAs can be seen in fig. 5b, the damper 13 preferably has a first connecting element 21 and a second connecting element 23, by means of which the damper 13 can be mounted between adjacent facade elements or alternatively on the facade element 7 on the one hand and on the support structure 5 on the other hand. In the mounted state, the connecting elements 21, 23 perform an arrow S in fig. 5b with respect to each other1And S2Shown as a parallel displacement as the facade element 7.
On the right side of fig. 5b, a cross-sectional view is shown from above through the damper 13. An exemplary arrangement of damper elements 29 within damper 13 is shown herein. The damper element 29 is arranged in a sandwich-like manner in each case between the two profile rails (profile rails) 25 and 27 and is particularly preferably prestressed, i.e. at least partially compressed. Here, a plurality of first profile rails 25 is fixedly connected to the first connecting element 21, while a plurality of second profile rails 27 is fixedly connected to the second connecting element 23. The damper element 29 is preferably fixed to one or both of the profile rails 25, 27 in a contact (positive), non-contact (non-positive) or integral manner. If such a connection is chosen, the material of the damper element 29 is mainly damped for damping. The damper element 29 and the profile rails 25, 27 are preferably oriented parallel to the plane of the facade 3. As a result, the connecting elements 21, 23 can to some extent perform a compensating movement in the horizontal direction relative to each other in the direction of the arrow t (i.e. a substantially horizontal direction relative to the building).
As an alternative to the vertical thrust movement, the horizontal compensating movement of the facade elements 7 can also be used for damping or as an additional supplement, as shown in fig. 6.
The exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 5a and 5b shows that between two adjacent facade elements 7 a damper 13 acting in the vertical direction is arranged, while the following fig. 6 shows another possible arrangement of two dampers 13a, 13b instead of or in addition to the damping method according to fig. 5a and 5b, which dampers 13a, 13b can advantageously be used on the facade 3 of the building 1. Instead of or in addition to damping the relative movement of the facade element 7 in the vertical direction with respect to the support structure 5 of the building 1, it is also possible to have the relative movement of the facade element 7 in the horizontal direction damped (damped) with respect to the support structure 5. For this purpose, a damper 13a is preferably provided: the damper 13a is connected on the one hand to the facade element 7 and on the other hand to the support structure 5, and the damper 13a is designed to exhibit a damping effect in the horizontal direction. Alternatively or additionally, it is of course also possible to connect the damper 13b to the facade element 7 on the one hand and not to the support structure 5 on the other hand, but also to the facade element 7, see damper 13b, which here again shows a damping effect in the horizontal direction.
The damper arrangement shown and specifically shown for damper 13 or dampers 13a and 13b in the drawings is to be understood as being by way of example only. The core essence of the invention can also be implemented by using other arrangements of dampers with respect to the facade elements 7 or the support structure 5, or other damping mechanisms, such as fluid dampers.
This helps to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the facade 3 or the support structure 5. By way of the above explanation, the present invention proposes the concept of: for the first time it is allowed to use the twisting motion in the facade 3 to resist wind induced vibrations on the building 1. This makes it possible to rely to a lesser extent on the vibration element in the form of a pendulum mass, or in the best case even to dispense with it.
List of reference numerals
1 building
2 first building side
3 vertical surface
4 second building side
5 support structure
5a, 5b, 5c support structure plane
7 facade element
9 coupling element
11a, 11b receiving part
13 damper
15 frame
17 window element
19 insert joint part
21. 23 connecting element
25. 27 section bar guide rail
29 damper element
h height of building
b width of building
W wind load
V1、2Torsion force
P1、2Arrow head
S1、2Arrow head
t arrow head
Claims (17)
1. A building (1), in particular a multi-storey building,
the building has a support structure (5) and a facade (3) which is operatively connected to the support structure and exposed to the wind, wherein the facade has a plurality of facade elements (7), wherein the facade elements are mounted in such a way that the facade elements move relative to the support structure in response to a twisting of the support structure, wherein at least some facade elements are operatively connected to a plurality of dampers (13), wherein the dampers are designed to dampen the movement of the facade elements relative to the support structure.
2. Building (1) according to claim 1,
wherein in each case adjacent facade elements (7) are designed to be displaced parallel relative to each other in response to a twisting of the support structure (5).
3. Building (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein the facade element (7) is arranged pivotable relative to the support structure (5), in particular suspended in a receptacle (11a, 11b) provided on the support structure.
4. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the facade element (7) is arranged to be horizontally movable in relation to the support structure (5) and the damper (13) is designed to exhibit a damping effect in the horizontal direction.
5. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein at least one damper (13) is in each case operatively connected to two adjacent facade elements (7) and is designed to damp a displacement movement of the facade elements (7) relative to each other.
6. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein at least one damper (13) is in each case operatively connected to a facade element (7) on the one hand and to the support structure (5) on the other hand and is designed to damp relative movements of the facade element (7) with respect to the support structure (5).
7. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the damper (13) has one or more damper elements (29) which are in each case in frictional contact with one or more friction surfaces and are designed to produce damping by sliding friction during a displacing movement of the facade elements (7) relative to each other.
8. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the damper (13) has one or more damper elements (29) which are designed to produce damping by material damping during a displacement movement of the facade elements (7) relative to each other.
9. Building (1) according to claim 8,
wherein the damper element (29) is partially or completely formed from an elastically deformable, in particular volumetrically compressible material, the material damping of which increases with increasing prestress, in particular precompression, and wherein the damper element (29) is mounted in an at least partially deformed, in particular partially compressed state.
10. Building (1) according to claim 9,
wherein the damper element (29) has two connecting elements (21, 23) which are movable relative to one another, which are connected in each case to one of two adjacent facade elements (7) or on the one hand to a facade element (7) and on the other hand to the support structure (5), and
the damper element (29) is operatively connected to the connecting element (21, 23) in such a way that: the strength of the prestress, in particular of the precompression, decreases with increasing relative movement of the connecting elements with respect to each other.
11. Building (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
wherein the damper element (29) is partially or completely formed from an elastomer, preferably a polyurethane elastomer based on pores, in particular micropores or mixed pores, and/or based on a thermoplastic polyurethane.
12. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein adjacent facade elements (7) have in each case a single-layer or multi-layer window element (17) and a frame, wherein,
-the frame is connected to a damper (13) on at least one of its lateral surfaces and is designed to take up forces, in particular shear forces, which are generated as a result of the damping and act on the frame, and
-the frame is spliced to the window element (17) in the following way: such that a force flow of at least a portion of the undertaken forces occurs through the window element.
13. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein adjacent facade elements (7) have in each case a single-layer or multi-layer window element (17) and a frame (15),
wherein the window element (17) is bound in the frame (15) by an elastically deformable material, which is preferably designed to produce damping by material damping in response to compression.
14. Building (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 13,
wherein the damper (13) has a plurality of damper elements (29) which are designed as sheet metal, are oriented substantially parallel to one another and are arranged in a sandwich-like manner between a plurality of first and second profile rails (25, 27), wherein the first profile rail (25) is connected to a first connecting element (21) of the damper and the second profile rail (27) is connected to a second connecting element (23) of the damper (13), wherein both connecting elements (21, 23) are movable relative to one another.
15. Building (1) according to claim 14,
wherein the facade (3) defines a facade plane and the sheet and profile rail (29) are oriented parallel to the facade plane.
16. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
wherein the building has a plurality of building sides (2, 4) and a height (h), preferably the height (h) is 50m or more, and further preferably the ratio of the height (h) to the width (b) of the narrowest side of the building sides is in the range of 6 to 1 or more.
17. Use of a damper (13) for damping torsional movements of a building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in particular a multi-storey building, having a support structure (5) and a facade (3) operatively connected to the support structure and exposed to wind, wherein the facade (3) has a plurality of facade elements (7), wherein the facade elements (7) are arranged movable relative to the support structure (5), and wherein the facade elements (7) are designed to move relative to the support structure (5) in response to torsional oscillations of the support structure (5),
wherein at least some facade elements (7) are operatively connected to a plurality of dampers (13), wherein the dampers (13) dampen movements of the facade elements (7) relative to the support structure (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201962796366P | 2019-01-24 | 2019-01-24 | |
| US62/796,366 | 2019-01-24 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/051835 WO2020156963A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2020-01-24 | Building, in particular a multistory building, and use of a damper in such a building |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113330171A true CN113330171A (en) | 2021-08-31 |
| CN113330171B CN113330171B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
Family
ID=69374285
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080010723.3A Active CN113330171B (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2020-01-24 | Building and use of damper in such a building |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11739553B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3914785B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113330171B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020156963A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114687597A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-01 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | Mounting structure and mounting method thereof, damper group, tower barrel and wind generating set |
| US11781614B2 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-10-10 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | System for transmitting a flexural wave from one structure to another by impedance matching |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3914785C0 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
| EP3914785A1 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
| US11739553B2 (en) | 2023-08-29 |
| EP3914785B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
| WO2020156963A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
| CN113330171B (en) | 2023-09-19 |
| US20220106805A1 (en) | 2022-04-07 |
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