CN113328797A - Optical time delay measuring method and device based on pulse light modulation - Google Patents
Optical time delay measuring method and device based on pulse light modulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical time delay measuring method based on pulse light modulation, which uses a single-frequency microwave signal to carry out intensity modulation on an optical pulse signal and uses a generated optical carrier microwave signal to detect an optical link to be measured; performing photoelectric conversion on the detection optical signal, and extracting a same-frequency component of a single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal; simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal, and obtaining the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time between the sending time and the sampling time of the optical pulse signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, calculating the whole cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further calculating to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured. The invention also discloses an optical time delay measuring device based on the pulse light modulation. The invention has the advantages of high measuring speed, simple structure, low realization cost and difficult environmental influence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical time delay measuring method, and belongs to the technical field of optical measurement.
Background
The time delay is a basic parameter in signal generation, transmission and control, and with the rapid development of optical electronic information systems, a bearing network, a core network and a backbone network which form the system are all composed of various optical link products. And various optical link products need to perform precise high-speed measurement on optical link delay in the whole processes of production, application and maintenance. The rapid and stable measurement of the time delay in the optical link becomes the key for the research and application of high-performance information systems such as 5G communication, light-controlled phased arrays and distributed radar networks.
The commonly used optical time delay measurement methods mainly include a pulse method, a frequency sweep interference method and a phase-push method. The pulse method is a time domain method, and directly records the time interval between the emission light pulse signal and the receiving light pulse signal to obtain the time delay of the light to be measured. The pulse method generally uses a backscattering signal of a pulse in an optical link as a receiving signal, but the scattering signal is weak, the signal-to-noise ratio of a system is not high, and the measurement accuracy is limited. And the pulse energy cannot be infinitely increased due to the limitation of nonlinear effects such as dispersion and the like. Therefore, the pulse method has low precision and is usually meter-scale. Meanwhile, due to the limitation of pulse width, the measurement method has a measurement blind area. The sweep frequency interference method is also called as a frequency domain method, and by utilizing a laser and an interference structure which are continuously scanned, higher measurement precision can be obtained, the precision can reach millimeter magnitude, but the requirement on the sweep frequency laser is higher, and the price is high; and limited by the line width of the laser and the linearity of the sweep frequency, an auxiliary interferometer is often needed to correct the frequency modulation nonlinearity of the light source, and the accuracy is also deteriorated as the measurement range is increased. The method can also be used for realizing the optical time delay measurement based on the interference structure by utilizing a coherent light interference fringe counting method, and measuring the time delay by observing the distance between the interference fringes.
The phase-subtraction method solves the optical time delay by utilizing the phase change during link transmission, has higher precision, is usually in a submillimeter level, but often needs to measure the phase of a higher-frequency signal for ensuring the measurement precision, and because the high-frequency phase discriminator often needs to adopt frequency conversion, extra noise is easily introduced, and errors are brought. In addition, in order to obtain the whole-cycle ambiguity of the high-frequency signal, frequency sweeping needs to be carried out within a certain range to obtain the phases of a plurality of frequency points, so that the system cost and the complexity are improved, and the measuring speed of the method is limited.
In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages: (1) the pulse method has poor precision and is only in meter level; (2) the sweep frequency interference method has high requirements on devices, high cost and shorter measurement range; (3) the phase-contrast method requires frequency sweep, the measurement speed is limited, and errors are easily introduced by high-frequency phase discrimination.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art, provides an optical time delay measuring method based on pulse light modulation, overcomes the defect that the whole cycle of ambiguity needs to be resolved by frequency sweep in the traditional phase-subtraction method, quickly obtains the phase through a digital domain method, improves the measuring speed, and has the advantages of high measuring speed, simple structure, low implementation cost and difficult environmental influence.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
the optical time delay measuring method based on the pulse light modulation comprises the steps of modulating the intensity of an optical pulse signal by using a single-frequency microwave signal, and detecting an optical link to be measured by using a generated optical carrier microwave signal as a detection optical signal; performing photoelectric conversion on a detected optical signal carrying optical link time delay information to be detected, and extracting a same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal; taking the synchronous output electric pulse signal of the optical pulse signal as reference triggering, simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal, and obtaining the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time from the sending moment of the optical pulse signal to the moment of sampling the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, resolving the whole-cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further resolving to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured.
Preferably, the integer ambiguity N is resolved using the following equation:
N＝[fmτ1]
wherein f ismIs the frequency of the single frequency microwave signal; tau is1The optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured; []For the operator, when the fractional part of the data is less than 0.5, the integer of the data is directly taken, and when the fractional part of the data is more than 0.5, the integer of the data is added with one.
Preferably, the precise optical time delay τ of the optical link to be measured is solved using the following formula:
wherein N is the integer ambiguity, fmIs the frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal,
said phase difference, τ, being obtained for the digital domain0The system delay is the system delay when the optical link to be measured is not added.
Preferably, the obtaining of the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the common-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in the digital domain includes: and respectively carrying out fast Fourier transform on the two sampled signals to obtain the phases of the two signals so as to obtain the phase difference between the two signals.
Based on the same inventive concept, the following technical scheme can be obtained:
the optical time delay measuring device based on the pulse light modulation comprises:
the detection signal generation module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on the optical pulse signal by using a single-frequency microwave signal and detecting the optical link to be detected by using the generated optical carrier microwave signal as a detection optical signal;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the detected optical signal carrying the optical link time delay information to be detected, and extracting the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal;
the digital sampling module is used for taking a synchronous output electric pulse signal of the optical pulse signal as reference triggering, and simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal;
the resolving module is used for obtaining the single-frequency microwave signal and the phase difference between the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time from the sending moment of the optical pulse signal to the moment of sampling the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, resolving the whole-cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further resolving to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured.
Preferably, the integer ambiguity N is resolved using the following equation:
N＝[fmτ1]
wherein f ismIs the frequency of the single frequency microwave signal; tau is1The optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured; []For the operator, when the fractional part of the data is less than 0.5, the integer of the data is directly taken, and when the fractional part of the data is more than 0.5, the integer of the data is added with one.
Preferably, the precise optical time delay τ of the optical link to be measured is solved using the following formula:
wherein N is the integer ambiguity, fmIs the frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal,
said phase difference, τ, being obtained for the digital domain0The system delay is the system delay when the optical link to be measured is not added.
Preferably, the obtaining of the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the common-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in the digital domain includes: and respectively carrying out fast Fourier transform on the two sampled signals to obtain the phases of the two signals so as to obtain the phase difference between the two signals.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the measurement speed is extremely high, frequency sweeping is not needed, and measurement can be completed by single acquisition. The invention collects the time interval between the emission of the light pulse and the reception of the microwave signal as a time delay rough measurement value. Meanwhile, pulsed light is used as a carrier, phase discrimination calculation can be completed only by collecting signals in one pulse width, and the measurement time is close to the total delay of the link.
(2) The system has high stability, high-speed measurement avoids errors caused by environmental fluctuation, and the measurement is stable and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural and schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical time delay measuring device based on pulsed light modulation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects that the existing phase-contrast method ranging technology needs frequency sweep and is slow in measurement speed, the solution idea of the invention is to abandon the mode of frequency sweep multi-frequency point solution for whole cycle ambiguity, use pulsed light as carrier, modulate single-frequency signals, directly obtain the time difference between pulse emission and pulse reception through digital sampling, and obtain the rough measurement value of time delay; meanwhile, the phase difference between the measuring path and the reference path is obtained by processing the acquired digital signals; and finally, resolving a whole-cycle fuzzy value of the phase of the modulation signal by using a rough measurement value of the time delay, and further resolving the optical time delay of the link to be measured by combining the two paths of phase differences.
The invention provides an optical time delay measuring method based on pulse light modulation, which comprises the following specific steps: carrying out intensity modulation on the optical pulse signal by using a single-frequency microwave signal, and detecting the optical link to be detected by using the generated optical carrier microwave signal as a detection optical signal; performing photoelectric conversion on a detected optical signal carrying optical link time delay information to be detected, and extracting a same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal; taking the synchronous output electric pulse signal of the optical pulse signal as reference triggering, simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal, and obtaining the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time from the sending moment of the optical pulse signal to the moment of sampling the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, resolving the whole-cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further resolving to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured.
The invention provides an optical time delay measuring device based on pulse light modulation, which comprises:
the detection signal generation module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on the optical pulse signal by using a single-frequency microwave signal and detecting the optical link to be detected by using the generated optical carrier microwave signal as a detection optical signal;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the detected optical signal carrying the optical link time delay information to be detected, and extracting the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal;
the digital sampling module is used for taking a synchronous output electric pulse signal of the optical pulse signal as reference triggering, and simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal;
the resolving module is used for obtaining the single-frequency microwave signal and the phase difference between the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time from the sending moment of the optical pulse signal to the moment of sampling the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, resolving the whole-cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further resolving to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured.
Preferably, the integer ambiguity N is resolved using the following equation:
N＝[fmτ1]
wherein f ismIs the frequency of the single frequency microwave signal; tau is1The optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured; []For the operator, when the fractional part of the data is less than 0.5, the integer of the data is directly taken, and when the fractional part of the data is more than 0.5, the integer of the data is added with one.
Preferably, the precise optical time delay τ of the optical link to be measured is solved using the following formula:
wherein N is the integer ambiguity, fmIs the frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal,
said phase difference, τ, being obtained for the digital domain0The system delay is the system delay when the optical link to be measured is not added.
Preferably, the obtaining of the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the common-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in the digital domain includes: and respectively carrying out fast Fourier transform on the two sampled signals to obtain the phases of the two signals so as to obtain the phase difference between the two signals.
For the public understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by a specific embodiment and the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the optical delay measuring apparatus in the present embodiment includes: the device comprises a pulse light source, a microwave source, an intensity modulator, a photoelectric detection module, an amplifier, a band-pass filter, a dual-channel acquisition card and a resolving module; the pulse light source sends out pulse light as light carrier to the intensity modulator, and the pulse light source synchronously outputs an electric pulse signal as a trigger signal of the dual-channel acquisition card, and the trigger signal is transmitted to the acquisition card to start acquisition when the light source sends out the light pulse. And the single-frequency microwave signal output by the microwave source is divided into two paths, wherein one path is sent into the intensity modulator to modulate the pulse light source, and the other path is output to the dual-channel acquisition card to be used as a reference path (a). The pulse light is modulated and then sent into an optical link to be detected, and then enters the photoelectric detection module to output a microwave signal carrying phase information of the modulation signal. Because the frequency components of the pulse signals are rich, other frequency components except the modulation signals can be brought after photoelectric conversion, the microwave signals are filtered through the band-pass filter after being amplified, only signals with the same frequency as the modulation signals are left, and the filtered microwave signals are sent to the other channel of the acquisition card to serve as a measurement path (b).
The detection optical signal input optical link to be detected can adopt a straight-through detection mode or a reflection detection mode.
When the optical pulse is transmitted, the acquisition card starts to carry out digital sampling, and receives signals to the measurement circuit, and the time interval is the rough measurement value tau of the time delay1。
Selecting two paths of sampling data in the beginning and ending time of a signal of the measuring path, obtaining the phases of two paths of single-frequency microwave signals by utilizing fast Fourier transform, and further obtaining the phase difference between the measuring path and the reference path
The actual phase difference between the reference path (a) and the measurement path (b) of the modulation frequency due to the phase having a periodicity of 2 pi
Comprises the following steps:
wherein
And
for modulating the phase of the frequency in the reference and measurement paths, fmIs the frequency of the modulation signal (i.e., the single frequency microwave signal output by the microwave source), and N is the integer ambiguity of the modulation frequency.
According to time delayRough measurement value τ1Resolving the integer ambiguity of the modulation frequency, wherein the integer ambiguity N is:
N＝[fmτ1]
wherein f ismFor modulating frequency [, ]]For the operator, the integer part of the data is directly taken when the fractional part of the data is less than 0.5, and the integer part of the data is added by one when the fractional part of the data is more than 0.5.
Therefore, the accurate time delay of the optical link to be measured can be obtained as follows:
wherein N is the integer ambiguity, fmIs the frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal,
for phase difference, tau, between measuring and reference paths obtained in the digital domain0The system time delay is a system parameter when the optical link to be measured is not added, and can be obtained by pre-measurement.
In conclusion, the measuring device has the advantages of simple structure, extremely simple and convenient resolving process, short measuring time, and capability of realizing rapid and high-stability optical time delay measurement, and the measuring time is close to the total time delay of a link.
Claims (8)
1. The optical time delay measuring method based on the pulse light modulation is characterized in that a single-frequency microwave signal is used for carrying out intensity modulation on an optical pulse signal, and the generated optical carrier microwave signal is used as a detection optical signal for detecting an optical link to be measured; performing photoelectric conversion on a detected optical signal carrying optical link time delay information to be detected, and extracting a same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal; taking the synchronous output electric pulse signal of the optical pulse signal as reference triggering, simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal, and obtaining the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time from the sending moment of the optical pulse signal to the moment of sampling the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, resolving the whole-cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further resolving to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured.
2. The method for measuring optical time delay based on pulse light modulation according to claim 1, wherein the integer ambiguity N is calculated using the following formula:
N＝[fmτ1]
wherein f ismIs the frequency of the single frequency microwave signal; tau is1The optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured; []For the operator, when the fractional part of the data is less than 0.5, the integer of the data is directly taken, and when the fractional part of the data is more than 0.5, the integer of the data is added with one.
3. The optical time delay measurement method based on the pulse optical modulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precise optical time delay τ of the optical link to be measured is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein N is the integer ambiguity, fmIs the frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal,
said phase difference, τ, being obtained for the digital domain0The system delay is the system delay when the optical link to be measured is not added.
4. The method for measuring optical time delay based on pulsed light modulation according to claim 1, wherein the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal is obtained in a digital domain by the following specific method: and respectively carrying out fast Fourier transform on the two sampled signals to obtain the phases of the two signals so as to obtain the phase difference between the two signals.
5. Optical time delay measuring device based on pulse light modulation, characterized by including:
the detection signal generation module is used for carrying out intensity modulation on the optical pulse signal by using a single-frequency microwave signal and detecting the optical link to be detected by using the generated optical carrier microwave signal as a detection optical signal;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the detected optical signal carrying the optical link time delay information to be detected, and extracting the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal from the converted electric signal;
the digital sampling module is used for taking a synchronous output electric pulse signal of the optical pulse signal as reference triggering, and simultaneously carrying out digital sampling on the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal within the pulse width time of the optical pulse signal;
the resolving module is used for obtaining the single-frequency microwave signal and the phase difference between the same-frequency components of the single-frequency microwave signal in a digital domain; and taking the time from the sending moment of the optical pulse signal to the moment of sampling the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal as an optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured, resolving the whole-cycle ambiguity based on the optical time delay rough measurement value, and further resolving to obtain the accurate optical time delay of the optical link to be measured.
6. The optical time delay measuring device based on pulsed light modulation according to claim 5, wherein the integer ambiguity N is calculated using the following formula:
N＝[fmτ1]
wherein f ismIs the frequency of the single frequency microwave signal; tau is1The optical time delay rough measurement value of the optical link to be measured; []For the operator, when the fractional part of the data is less than 0.5, the integer of the data is directly taken, and when the fractional part of the data is more than 0.5, the integer of the data is added with one.
7. The optical time delay measuring device based on the pulse optical modulation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the precise optical time delay τ of the optical link to be measured is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein N is the integer ambiguity, fmIs the frequency of the single-frequency microwave signal,
said phase difference, τ, being obtained for the digital domain0The system delay is the system delay when the optical link to be measured is not added.
8. The optical time delay measuring device based on pulsed light modulation according to claim 5, wherein the phase difference between the single-frequency microwave signal and the same-frequency component of the single-frequency microwave signal is obtained in a digital domain by the following specific method: and respectively carrying out fast Fourier transform on the two sampled signals to obtain the phases of the two signals so as to obtain the phase difference between the two signals.
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