CN113325575B - Polarization aberration correction system of free-form surface optical system - Google Patents
Polarization aberration correction system of free-form surface optical system Download PDFInfo
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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Abstract
A free-form surface polarization aberration correction system belongs to the field of polarization aberration of an optical system, and aims to solve the influence of the polarization aberration of the free-form surface optical system. According to the structure of the free-form surface optical system, the system polarization aberration is calculated by utilizing an algorithm, the system polarization aberration is calibrated, and then the influence of the polarization aberration is reduced by utilizing image processing, so that the correction of the free-form surface optical system polarization aberration is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polarization aberration of optical systems, and particularly relates to a free-form surface polarization aberration correction system.
Background
The free curved surface is an unconventional curved surface which cannot be represented by spherical or aspherical coefficients, is usually non-rotationally symmetrical, has flexible structure and more variables, provides more possibility for optical design, can greatly reduce the aberration of an optical system, and reduces the volume, the weight and the number of lenses of the system.
However, the free-form surface system can cause the change of the light polarization state due to the non-rotationally symmetrical structure in the imaging process, so that the polarization aberration is generated, the imaging quality and the measurement accuracy of the satellite-borne long-focus imaging system and the airborne large-field imaging system are not affected negligibly, no system for calculating the polarization aberration of the free-form surface optical system by using an algorithm and performing image processing on an imaged image to compensate the polarization aberration exists at present, the influence of the polarization aberration in the system cannot be eliminated, and meanwhile, the satellite-borne long-focus imaging system cannot perform on-line correction of the polarization aberration, so that a system for calibrating the polarization error of the system by calculating the optical polarization aberration of the free-form surface system by using the algorithm is needed, and the influence of the polarization aberration can be reduced by image processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a free-form surface optical system polarization aberration real-time correction system for solving the influence caused by the polarization aberration of the free-form surface optical system. The system can calculate the system polarization aberration according to the free-form surface optical system structure by utilizing an algorithm, and then reduce the influence of the polarization aberration by utilizing image processing, thereby realizing the correction of the polarization aberration of the free-form surface optical system.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the system is characterized by comprising a free-form surface optical system, a polarized light tracking module, a visible light detector, an image processing module and an imaging display module, wherein the free-form surface optical system acquires a target light beam and images the target light beam on the visible light detector, meanwhile, the polarized light tracking module solves the polarized aberration by the structure of the free-form surface optical system, the image processing module processes the image formed on the visible light detector by combining the solved polarized aberration, the influence of the polarized aberration on an image is compensated, and finally the image is displayed by the imaging display module.
The free-form surface optical system is an optical system formed by free-form surfaces and is mainly used for acquiring optical information in a view field range.
The polarized light tracking module acquires the polarized aberration of the free-form surface structural parameter calculating system, firstly establishes a free-form surface light tracking model according to the structural parameter of the free-form surface optical system, acquires the phase aberration of the system through the Brix decomposition, acquires the two-way attenuation of the system through the singular value decomposition, and calculates the difference between the two-way attenuation and the phase delay of the system and the ideal free-form surface optical system through the phase delay of the decomposition acquiring system, so as to calculate the imaging error of the system.
The detector is FLIR-BFS-PGE-51S5P visible light detector, the resolution is 2448 multiplied by 2048, the data interface is GigE, the frame rate is 24fps, and the chip type is COMS.
And the image processing module corrects the polarization aberration of the image acquired by the visible light detector according to the polarization aberration of the optical system calculated by the polarization tracking module.
The imaging display module displays the image processed by the image processing module.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the structure of the free-form surface optical system, the system polarization aberration is calculated by utilizing an algorithm, the system polarization aberration is calibrated, the error of the system can be mastered to provide basis for subsequent image processing, the influence of the polarization aberration is reduced by utilizing the image processing, and the correction of the free-form surface optical system polarization aberration is realized.
2. And according to the polarization aberration calculated by the algorithm, the influence of image processing on the polarization aberration of the image is corrected, so that the imaging error caused by the optical system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for correcting polarization aberration of a free-form surface optical system according to the present invention.
The system comprises a 1-free curved surface optical system, a 2-polarized light tracking module, a 3-visible light detector, a 4-image processing module and a 5-imaging display module.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a track following procedure for calculating the polarization aberration of the system by the polarized light tracking module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a free-form surface optical system polarization aberration correction system includes a free-form surface optical system 1, a polarized light tracking module 2, a visible light detector 3, an image processing module 4, and an imaging display module 5, wherein the free-form surface optical system 1 acquires a target light beam and images the target light beam on the visible light detector 3, the polarized light tracking module 2 calculates polarization aberration from the structure of the free-form surface optical system 1, the image processing module 4 processes an image formed on the visible light detector 3 in combination with the calculated polarization aberration, compensates for the influence of the polarization aberration on the image, and finally the image is displayed by the imaging display module 5.
The free-form surface optical system 1 acquires optical information within a field of view.
The polarized light tracking module 2 calculates the polarized aberration of the system according to the structural parameters of the free-form surface, firstly establishes a free-form surface light tracking model according to the structural parameters of the free-form surface optical system 1, obtains the phase aberration of the system through the Brix decomposition, obtains the two-way attenuation of the system through the singular value decomposition, and calculates the difference between the two-way attenuation and the phase delay of the system and the ideal free-form surface optical system through the phase delay of the decomposition obtaining system, so as to calculate the imaging error of the system.
The visible light detector 3 is FLIR-BFS-PGE-51S5P visible light detector, the resolution is 2448 multiplied by 2048, the data interface is GigE, the frame rate is 24fps, and the chip type is COMS.
The image processing module 4 corrects the polarization aberration of the image acquired by the visible light detector according to the polarization aberration of the optical system calculated by the polarization tracking module.
The imaging display module 5 displays the image processed by the image processing module 4.
The method comprises the following working processes that structural parameters of a free-form surface optical system 1 are subjected to calculation of polarization aberration of the system through a polarization light tracking module 2, a free-form surface light tracking model is firstly established according to the structural parameters of the free-form surface optical system 1, phase aberration of the system is obtained through bubble decomposition, then the two-way attenuation of the system is obtained through singular value decomposition, and the two-way attenuation and the phase delay of the system are subjected to difference calculation with an ideal free-form surface optical system through decomposition to calculate imaging errors of the system; meanwhile, the free-form surface optical system acquires an image in the field of view onto the image visible light detector, the image acquired by the detector is combined with the polarized light tracking module 2 to calculate polarized aberration, the polarized aberration is processed in the image processing module 4, the influence of the two-way attenuation and the phase delay caused by the polarized aberration is compensated, the polarized aberration correction of the whole free-form surface system is completed, and the processed image is output to the image display module 5 after the processing is completed.
The tracking process of the polarized light tracking module 2 for calculating the polarized aberration of the system is shown in fig. 2: establishing a free-form surface polarized light ray trace model, adding a propagation vector kr of light rays into a traditional two-dimensional Jones matrix, and obtaining a global vector polarization conversion matrix P through polarized light ray trace total The polarization characteristics of the optical system including the free-form surface can be better analyzed.
The bubble decomposition obtains the phase aberration of the system: jones matrixIs a 2 x 2 complex matrix, and can use the identity matrix sigma 0 Brix matrix sigma k (k=1, 2, 3) to express:
wherein ,ck Is sigma (sigma) k Coefficient ρ of (1) k and φk Respectively correspond to c k Real and imaginary parts of (a) are provided. Such polarization variation of the optical system along different optical paths may be used as a polarization aberration functionTo express:
wherein the phase termWave aberration function with geometrical optics->The relation is as follows:
the vector expression of the polarization aberration of the off-axis system after the bubble decomposition is as follows:
wherein ,Ptuvwx ＝A tuvwx +iΦ tuvwx Representing the polarization aberration coefficient, A tuvwx and Φtuvwx Respectively P tuvwx T represents the type of polarization and u represents the field of viewThe order of the dependency, v denotes the pair +.>The order of the dependence, w, represents the dependence on the angle phi in the entrance pupil coordinates (p, phi).
Singular value decomposition obtains the system's two-way attenuation: for the obtained P total Singular value decomposition is performed:
polarization transformation matrix P total Is decomposed into two unitary matrices U, V and a diagonal matrix D. Wherein, the diagonal matrix D comprises lambda 1 、Λ 2 (Λ 1 ≥Λ 2 ) Is a polarization transformation matrix P total Is a characteristic value of (a). In a matrixRespectively correspond to the propagation direction of the incident light and the propagation direction of the emergent light after Q times of refraction and reflection. v 1 、v 2 and u1 、u 2 Intrinsic bias in entrance pupil plane and exit plane of corresponding optical system respectivelyVibration states, which satisfy the following relationship:
P total ·v 1 ＝Λ 1 u 1 ，P total ·v 2 ＝Λ 2 u 2 ，P total ·k 0 ＝k Q ；
according to the definition of the two-way attenuation,
singular value decomposition obtains the phase delay of the system: when light is reflected on the optical element, a phase caused by local coordinate system transformation is generated, the phase is removed to obtain a phase actually changing the polarization state, and the phase is introduced into a phase conversion matrix Q total ：
wherein ,let->For M total Singular value decomposition is performed:
wherein, the diagonal matrix D comprises lambda 1 、Λ 2 (Λ 1 ≥Λ 2 ) Is a polarization transformation matrix M total Is defined by the phase delay, delta=arg (Λ 1 )-arg(Λ 2 )；
Setting a normal vector of a free-form surface: stripe Zer for free curved surfaceThe nike expression indicates that the normal vector of the reflecting surface is set asWherein (x, y) is the intersection point coordinate of the incident light ray and the free-form surface reflecting mirror;
obtaining the difference value between the phase aberration, the two-way attenuation and the phase delay of the off-axis free-form surface optical system and the aberration of the off-axis system without the free-form surface, and obtaining the influence of the free-form surface on the polarization aberration of the off-axis optical system; and adjusting the Zernike coefficient representing the free curved surface to obtain the influence of the free curved surface on the overall polarization characteristic distribution of the system.
Claims (5)
1. The system comprises a free-form surface optical system (1), a polarized light tracking module (2), a visible light detector (3), an image processing module (4) and an imaging display module (5), wherein the free-form surface optical system (1) acquires a target light beam and images the target light beam on the visible light detector (3), the polarized light tracking module (2) calculates polarized aberration through the structure of the free-form surface optical system (1), the image processing module (4) processes an image formed on the visible light detector (3) through combining the calculated polarized aberration, the influence of the polarized aberration on the image is compensated, and finally the imaging display module (5) displays the image corrected for the polarized aberration;
the polarized light tracking module (2) calculates the tracking process of the polarized aberration of the system: establishment of free-form surface polarized ray trace model, adding propagation vector of ray into traditional two-dimensional Jones matrixObtaining a global vector polarization conversion matrix P through polarized light ray trace total The polarization characteristics of the optical system with the free curved surface can be better analyzed;
the bubble decomposition obtains the phase aberration of the system: jones matrixIs a 2 x 2 complex matrix, and can use the identity matrix sigma 0 Brix matrix sigma k (k=1, 2, 3) to express:
wherein ,ck Is sigma (sigma) k Coefficient ρ of (1) k and φk Respectively correspond to c k Real and imaginary parts of (a); such polarization variation of the optical system along different optical paths may be used as a polarization aberration functionTo express:
wherein the phase termWave aberration function with geometrical optics->The relation is as follows:
the vector expression of the polarization aberration of the off-axis system after the bubble decomposition is as follows:
wherein ,Ptuvwx ＝A tuvwx +iΦ tuvwx Representing the polarization aberration coefficient, A tuvwx and Φtuvwx Respectively P tuvwx T represents the type of polarization and u represents the field of viewThe order of the dependency, v denotes the pair +.>The order of the dependence, w, represents the dependence on the angle phi in the entrance pupil coordinates (p, phi);
singular value decomposition obtains the system's two-way attenuation: for the obtained P total Singular value decomposition is performed:
polarization transformation matrix P total Is decomposed into two unitary matrices U, V and a diagonal matrix D; wherein, the diagonal matrix D comprises lambda 1 、Λ 2 (Λ 1 ≥Λ 2 ) Is a polarization transformation matrix P total Is a characteristic value of (2); in a matrixRespectively corresponding to the propagation direction of the incident light and the propagation direction of the emergent light after Q times of refraction and reflection; v 1 、v 2 and u1 、u 2 The intrinsic polarization states in the entrance pupil plane and the exit plane of the optical system respectively correspond to the following relations:
P total ·v 1 ＝Λ 1 u 1 ，P total ·v 2 ＝Λ 2 u 2 ，P total ·k 0 ＝k Q ；
according to the definition of the two-way attenuation,
singular value decomposition obtains the phase delay of the system: when light is reflected on the optical element, a phase caused by local coordinate system transformation is generated, the phase is removed to obtain a phase actually changing the polarization state, and the phase is introduced into a phase conversion matrix Q total ：
wherein ,let->For M total Singular value decomposition is performed:
wherein, the diagonal matrix D comprises lambda 1 、Λ 2 (Λ 1 ≥Λ 2 ) Is a polarization transformation matrix M total Is defined by the phase delay, delta=arg (Λ 1 )-arg(Λ 2 )；
Setting a normal vector of a free-form surface: the free-form surface is expressed by a stripe Zernike expression, and the normal vector of the reflecting surface is set asWherein (x, y) is the intersection point coordinate of the incident light ray and the free-form surface reflecting mirror;
obtaining the difference value between the phase aberration, the two-way attenuation and the phase delay of the off-axis free-form surface optical system and the aberration of the off-axis system without the free-form surface, and obtaining the influence of the free-form surface on the polarization aberration of the off-axis optical system; and adjusting the Zernike coefficient representing the free curved surface to obtain the influence of the free curved surface on the overall polarization characteristic distribution of the system.
2. The freeform optical system polarization aberration correction system according to claim 1, wherein: the free-form surface optical system (1) acquires optical information within a field of view.
3. The freeform optical system polarization aberration correction system according to claim 1, wherein: the visible light detector (3) is FLIR-BFS-PGE-51S5P visible light detector, the resolution is 2448 multiplied by 2048, the data interface is GigE, the frame rate is 24fps, and the chip type is COMS.
4. The freeform optical system polarization aberration correction system according to claim 1, wherein: and the image processing module (4) corrects the polarization aberration of the image acquired by the visible light detector according to the polarization aberration of the optical system calculated by the polarization tracking module.
5. The freeform optical system polarization aberration correction system according to claim 1, wherein: the imaging display module displays (5) the image processed by the image processing module (4).
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| CN116399451B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-11 | 长春理工大学 | Simplified acquisition method of polarization aberration suitable for plane symmetric optical system |
| CN116540407B (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-09-22 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Design method, system, equipment and medium for low polarization aberration three-reflection optical system |
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