CN113325417A - Millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band radar detection imaging system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system and method is composed of a system method and a corresponding multiband radar detection imaging algorithm module, wherein the system method is composed of a low-frequency-band radar signal generator, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner, a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna, a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency divider, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and receiving link, an intermediate-frequency signal processing and collecting module, a radar signal storage and image processing machine and the like. The invention adopts the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combined emission and shunt reception on the system method, adopts multiband signal splicing and related processing methods on the level of signal processing and detection imaging algorithm, reduces the requirements of millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band broadband signal generation, amplification and reception on high-frequency band devices, is favorable for realizing high-power, high-quality and flexible broadband millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band detection imaging, and provides a new realization way for the wide application of millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band refined detection imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system and method, belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band radar detection imaging technology.
Background
Millimeter wave and terahertz radar technologies have broad application prospects in the fields of safety inspection, nondestructive detection, airborne ground-to-ground reconnaissance, space debris detection, cloud detection, planetary landing and the like due to the fact that the millimeter wave and terahertz radar technologies have broadband high resolution, miniaturization, unique atmospheric transmission characteristics and the like, and are shown in Wang H Q, Deng B, Qin Y L. Millimeter wave and terahertz radar technologies are widely concerned at home and abroad, microwave up-conversion and optical down-conversion methods are proposed, and various radar system methods such as millimeter wave and terahertz synthetic aperture radars, multi-input multi-output radars, phased array radars, ultra-wideband radars and the like are developed based on the schemes. The microwave up-conversion method generates millimeter wave and terahertz broadband radar signals by performing frequency multiplication and amplification on low-frequency-band microwave signals with a certain bandwidth for multiple times, and realizes high-resolution imaging, see k.b. cooper et al, "Multi-pixel high-resolution same-dimensional imaging radar," US8144052B2,2012; link, dawn, yangji, yangyuan xiang, etc., a terahertz radar isar imaging method, "CN 103760558B, 2017; h.essen et al, "High resolution millimetric wave measured radars for group based SAR and ISAR imaging," in 2008IEEE Radar Conference, Rome, Italy,2008, 1-5; R.Hu, R.Min, and Y.Pi, "A Video-SAR Imaging Technique for Aspect-Dependent Scattering in Wide Angle," IEEE Sens.J.,17(12), 3677-3688, 2017, etc. However, the method is limited by a sweep frequency source, a frequency multiplication link bandwidth and the like, and has a bottleneck on imaging resolution, and after the frequency is up-converted to millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the signal bandwidth is wide, the amplification difficulty is high, the signal quality is poor, and the wide application of a millimeter wave and terahertz radar high-resolution imaging system is limited. Optical down-conversion is apparently ultra-wideband, with frequencies from 0.1 to 30THz, Zhao et al report ultra-wideband millimeter wave and Terahertz imaging resolutions of up to 20 microns, about 38 times the wavelength, generated by laser-induced gas plasma (Zhao Jiayu, Chu wei, Guo Lanjun et al, "terrestrial imaging with sub-wavelength resolution by femtocell laser filter in air, Scientific Reports," 2014, 4 (1): 3880), but optical down-conversion and Terahertz signal powers are generally low, with short range of action (usually not more than 1m), and how such a wide signal is amplified is an almost unsolvable problem, directly limiting the range of use of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system and method are provided, based on multiband up-conversion combined with signal splicing processing, the millimeter wave and terahertz detection imaging of an equivalent ultra-wideband is realized, meanwhile, the generation and amplification difficulty of broadband signals is reduced, the signal performance is guaranteed, and the reliability of an application system is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system comprises a low-frequency band radar signal generator, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner, a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna, a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and receiving link, an intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module, a radar signal storage and image processing machine and a multiband radar detection imaging algorithm module;
the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and the amplification module carry out up-conversion and power amplification on a low-frequency-band radar signal generated by the low-frequency-band radar signal generator to generate millimeter wave and terahertz radar signals of multiple frequency bands; the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner combines a plurality of frequency band millimeter waves and terahertz radar signals into one path of electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic wave and terahertz radar signals are transmitted to a target direction through a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna; the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider separates millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar signals received by the millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna, and then the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and a receiving link of each frequency band in the receiving link respectively carry out down-conversion to form intermediate frequency signals; intermediate frequency signals corresponding to each frequency band are collected through an intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module, stored in a radar signal storage and image processing machine, and finally processed by a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module to form a detection imaging result.
The low-frequency-band radar signal generator provides low-frequency-band microwave signals generated on the basis of the same clock for the frequency doubling chains, the receiving local oscillator links and the intermediate frequency signal down-conversion local oscillator links of all frequency bands in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band frequency doubling link and amplification module, the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and receiving link and the intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module.
A detection imaging method of a millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band radar comprises the following steps:
1) the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and the amplification module carry out up-conversion and power amplification on a low-frequency-band radar signal generated by the low-frequency-band radar signal generator to generate millimeter wave and terahertz radar signals of multiple frequency bands;
2) the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner combines a plurality of frequency band millimeter waves and terahertz radar signals into one path of electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic wave and terahertz radar signals are transmitted to a target direction through a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna;
3) the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider separates millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar signals received by the millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna, and then the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and a receiving link of each frequency band in the receiving link respectively carry out down-conversion to form intermediate frequency signals;
4) intermediate frequency signals corresponding to each frequency band are collected through an intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module and stored in a radar signal storage and image processor;
5) and processing by using a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module to form a detection imaging result.
The low-frequency-band radar signal generator provides low-frequency-band microwave signals generated on the basis of the same clock for the frequency doubling chains, the receiving local oscillator links and the intermediate frequency signal down-conversion local oscillator links of all frequency bands in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band frequency doubling link and amplification module, the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and receiving link and the intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module.
The specific working steps of the multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module are as follows:
21) determining the number of system frequency bands, the central frequency point, the pulse width and the frequency modulation of each frequency band according to the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and the amplification module, the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and the receiving link,
22) data stored in a radar signal storage and image processor is retrieved, phase compensation is performed point by point on each pulse of the data outside the highest frequency band,
23) splicing the compensated data of each frequency band on the time domain according to the modulation frequency,
24) and carrying out two-dimensional focusing processing on the spliced signals to obtain a detection imaging result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the invention adopts a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and an amplification module to carry out up-conversion and power amplification on a low-frequency-band radar signal generated by a low-frequency-band radar signal generator at a transmitting end of a millimeter wave and terahertz radar detection imaging system, and carries out multi-path combination transmission. Compared with a single-frequency band system, the multi-frequency band transceiving mode reduces the bandwidth requirements of millimeter waves and terahertz signals, avoids the bottleneck problem in the processes of millimeter wave and terahertz broadband signal generation, amplification and the like, and is beneficial to generation of high-quality millimeter waves and terahertz signals.
2) The multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module provided by the invention compensates, splices and focuses signals of each frequency band, realizes a bandwidth accumulation effect, and achieves the purposes of fully utilizing rich frequency spectrum resources of millimeter waves and terahertz frequency bands and realizing high-resolution imaging. By the aid of the algorithm, when part of frequency band components are in fault, the whole system can still be used for detection imaging with certain functions and performances, and the system reliability is higher.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection imaging method of a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of simulated range direction results of dual-band stitching imaging;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the results of dual-band stitching imaging simulation azimuth direction;
FIG. 4 is a simulation result of dual-band stitching imaging of a plurality of scattering points;
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection imaging method of a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar. As shown in figure 1, the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging method comprises a system method and a multiband radar detection imaging algorithm module 9, wherein the system method is composed of a low-frequency-band radar signal generator 1, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module 2, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner 3, a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna 4, a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider 5, a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and receiving link 6, an intermediate frequency signal processing and acquisition module 7 and a radar signal storage and image processing machine 8. The low-frequency-band radar signal generator 1 provides low-frequency-band microwave signals generated on the basis of the same clock for the frequency multiplication chain, the receiving local oscillator chain and the intermediate frequency signal down-conversion local oscillator chain of each frequency band in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band frequency multiplication chain and amplification module 2, the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and receiving chain 6 and the intermediate frequency signal processing and acquisition module 7.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-frequency radar signal generated by the low-frequency radar signal generator 1 is assumed to be a chirp signal:
through the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and the amplification module 2, frequency multiplication and amplification are carried out, signals of the jth frequency band millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band are
Wherein, Tp,jFor the pulse width, f, of the jth frequency bandj,0And fjRespectively the center frequency of the low-frequency band radar signal of the jth frequency band and the center frequencies, gamma, of the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band radar signalsj,0And gammajRespectively adjusting the frequency of the low-frequency band radar signal of the jth frequency band and the frequency of the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band radar signals,
and
respectively is the starting phase of the jth frequency band low-frequency band radar signal and the starting phases of the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band radar signals, and the bandwidth of the jth frequency band low-frequency band radar signal is Bj,0＝Tp,jγj,0。
Supposing that the frequency conversion multiple of the jth frequency band is MjAccording to the microwave frequency doubling principle, there are
Assuming that the total number of frequency bands is N, the signals synthesized by the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band combiner 3 and transmitted by the millimeter wave and terahertz transmission/reception antenna 4 are
Suppose the target is composed of NtEach scattering point is formed, the distance of the ith scattering point is RiThe millimeter wave and terahertz signal received by the millimeter wave and terahertz transmission/reception antenna 4 is
After frequency division by a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider 5, signals of each frequency band are respectively
Assuming that the delay reference distance of the mixing receiving reference signal is RrefI.e. each band reference signal is
The intermediate frequency signal which is received by mixing the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and the receiving link 6 and is collected by the intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module 7 is
Wherein R isΔ＝Ri-Rref。
The collected signals are stored in a radar signal storage and image processing machine 8, and high-resolution images are obtained through splicing processing of a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module 9.
To is directed atN frequency bands in the formula are assumed, and N of the multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module 9 to be spliced arelAnd in each frequency band, then:
1) determining the number of frequency bands, the central frequency point, the pulse width and the modulation frequency of each frequency band according to the designed system, wherein the number is Nl，fl，Tp,l，γl；
2) Calling N stored by radar signal storage and image processor 8lSignals are collected in several frequency bands, assumed to be NthlFrequency bands, phase compensation being performed point by point for each pulse of the signal outside the highest frequency band
Obtaining:
3) splicing signals except the highest frequency band signal on a time domain according to the modulation frequency;
4) and carrying out focusing processing on the spliced signals to obtain a detection imaging result.
Example 1:
the invention provides a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging method which realizes high-resolution imaging through multiband system design and signal splicing. Taking the detection imaging method of the 220GHz and 330GHz dual-band radar as an example, in the system design, a low-frequency band radar signal generator generates two paths of 8.9583-9.3750GHz X-band frequency sweep signals, and the two beams of 215-plus 225GHz and 322.5-337.5GHz millimeter wave and terahertz-band broadband electromagnetic waves are obtained through up-conversion and power amplification of a 24-time millimeter wave and 36-time terahertz multi-band frequency multiplication link and an amplification module respectively. The two beams of electromagnetic waves are combined through a frequency selection surface which is reflected by a 330GHz frequency band and transmitted by 220 in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band combiner, and finally emitted out through a Cassegrain antenna. The target echo is separated by a frequency selection surface which is reflected by a 330GHz frequency band and is transmitted by a 220GHz frequency band in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band frequency divider, is received by a millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and a receiving link in a mixing mode, and finally is processed and stored intermediate frequency signals by a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module to obtain a spliced high-resolution imaging result.
The dual-band radar is adopted to carry out simulation analysis on the scene with 9 scattering points on the plane, a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module is adopted, and the simulation analysis results are respectively shown in figures 2-4. The curves in fig. 2 are the distance focusing results of a single scattering point obtained by direct splicing and using a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module in 220GHz band and 330GHz band, respectively. It can be seen that the focusing result of the 220GHz band (bandwidth 10GHz, corresponding resolution 0.015m) is inferior to the focusing result of the 330GHz band (bandwidth 15GHz, 0.01m), and the direct splicing causes performance deterioration due to phase errors of different carrier frequencies. The best focusing performance is obtained by performing phase correction on the phase among the frequency bands, and the resolution can reach 0.006m, namely the imaging resolution corresponding to the bandwidth of 25 GHz.
In order to analyze the azimuth resolution, a certain point is taken for analysis (non-scene central point), as shown in fig. 3, curves therein are respectively 220GHz frequency band, 330GHz frequency band, and focus result after azimuth interpolation after ISAR imaging is spliced between the two frequency bands. Therefore, good focusing results can be obtained in the azimuth direction, the resolution ratio is low in the 220GHz frequency band due to low carrier frequency, the resolution ratio is high in the azimuth direction in the same observation time, the resolution ratio is high in the 330GHz frequency band due to high carrier frequency, and the resolution ratio after synthesis is the same as that of the 330GHz frequency band.
The simulation result of the dual-band splicing ISAR imaging of the dual-band radar on the scene with 9 scattering points on the plane is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that each scattering point is well focused.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a millimeter wave and terahertz multifrequency section radar detection imaging system which characterized in that: the system comprises a low-frequency-band radar signal generator (1), a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module (2), a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner (3), a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna (4), a millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider (5), a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and receiving link (6), an intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module (7), a radar signal storage and image processing machine (8) and a multiband radar detection imaging algorithm module (9);
the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module (2) carries out up-conversion and power amplification on the low-frequency-band radar signal generated by the low-frequency-band radar signal generator (1) to generate millimeter wave and terahertz radar signals of multiple frequency bands; the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner (3) combines millimeter wave and terahertz radar signals of a plurality of frequency bands into one path of electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic wave and terahertz radar signal is transmitted to a target direction through a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna (4); the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider (5) separates millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar signals received by the millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna (4), and then down-converts the signals through a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and a receiving link of each frequency band in a receiving link (6) respectively to form intermediate-frequency signals; intermediate frequency signals corresponding to each frequency band are collected through an intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module (7), stored in a radar signal storage and image processing machine (8), and finally processed by a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module (9) to form a detection imaging result.
2. The millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-frequency-band radar signal generator (1) provides low-frequency-band microwave signals generated on the basis of the same clock for the frequency doubling chain, the receiving local oscillator chain and the intermediate frequency signal down-conversion local oscillator chain of each frequency band in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band frequency doubling chain and amplification module (2), the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and receiving chain (6) and the intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module (7).
3. The millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-frequency-band radar signal generator (1) generates two paths of 8.9583-9.3750GHz X-frequency-band frequency sweeping signals.
4. The millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system according to claim 3, wherein: the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and the amplification module (2) respectively amplify two paths of signals by 24 times and 36 times.
5. The millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging system according to claim 4, wherein: the two beams of electromagnetic waves are combined through a frequency selection surface which is reflected by a 330GHz frequency band and transmitted by a 220 in the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner (3).
6. A detection imaging method of a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module (2) carries out up-conversion and power amplification on the low-frequency-band radar signal generated by the low-frequency-band radar signal generator (1) to generate millimeter wave and terahertz radar signals of multiple frequency bands;
2) the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband combiner (3) combines millimeter wave and terahertz radar signals of a plurality of frequency bands into one path of electromagnetic wave, and the electromagnetic wave and terahertz radar signal is transmitted to a target direction through a millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna (4);
3) the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band frequency divider (5) separates millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar signals received by the millimeter wave and terahertz transmitting/receiving antenna (4), and then down-converts the signals through a millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and a receiving link of each frequency band in a receiving link (6) respectively to form intermediate-frequency signals;
4) intermediate frequency signals corresponding to each frequency band are acquired through an intermediate frequency signal processing and acquiring module (7) and stored in a radar signal storage and image processing machine (8);
5) and processing by using a multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module (9) to form a detection imaging result.
7. The millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging method according to claim 6, wherein: the low-frequency-band radar signal generator (1) provides low-frequency-band microwave signals generated on the basis of the same clock for the frequency doubling chain, the receiving local oscillator chain and the intermediate frequency signal down-conversion local oscillator chain of each frequency band in the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band frequency doubling chain and amplification module (2), the millimeter wave and terahertz multi-band low-noise power amplifier and receiving chain (6) and the intermediate frequency signal processing and collecting module (7).
8. The millimeter wave and terahertz multiband radar detection imaging method according to claim 6, wherein: the specific working steps of the multi-band radar detection imaging algorithm module (9) are as follows:
21) determining the number of system frequency bands, the central frequency point, the pulse width and the frequency modulation of each frequency band according to the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband frequency multiplication link and amplification module (2) and the millimeter wave and terahertz multiband low-noise power amplifier and receiving link (6),
22) retrieving data stored in a radar signal storage and image processor (8), compensating the phase point by point for each pulse of data outside the highest frequency band,
23) splicing the compensated data of each frequency band on the time domain according to the modulation frequency,
24) and carrying out two-dimensional focusing processing on the spliced signals to obtain a detection imaging result.
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| CN114813656A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for detecting quality of grain powder based on millimeter wave terahertz technology |
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