CN113324935B - Road fog detection system based on multiple spectra and detection method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multispectral-based road fog detection device, which comprises a detection device, a convex lens, a visible light filter and a reflecting piece, wherein the detection device, the convex lens, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are sequentially arranged at intervals, the detection device is provided with a visible light emitter, an infrared emitter, a visible light detector and an infrared light detector, the distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 3-10cm, the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter is 15-25cm, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are arranged close to each other, and the reflecting piece is an infrared light reflecting piece for reflecting infrared light back and forth in an original way. The road fog detection device based on the multispectral can take the number of backward radiation photons of infrared light into consideration during visibility calculation, greatly improves the visibility calculation accuracy, and accordingly enables the detection accuracy of the detection device to be higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traffic road detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting the visibility of mass fog on a road.
Background
The mass fog weather is an important factor which seriously affects the traffic safety of the expressway, the harmfulness of the mass fog weather phenomenon is very large, and the statistics of relevant data of all highway traffic accidents in China show that a lot of highway traffic accidents have great relationship with the mass fog. Due to the fact that the mist can cause visibility reduction, sudden visibility reduction can seriously affect driving judgment of a driver, and the randomness of occurrence time and place of the mist can increase the potential safety hazard of highway driving, and the defects of high highway speed, large traffic flow and full sealing of the highway often cause serious traffic accidents and serious economic loss. Therefore, the monitoring and early warning device has great significance for timely, accurately and effectively monitoring and early warning the visibility in the foggy weather.
The existing detection mode for the group fog is that a light source generating device and a light detector for receiving the light source emitted by the light source generating device are arranged on a road surface, the distance between the light source generating device and the light detector is calculated within 40cm-100m, and the visibility is detected through the emitted light source and the received light sources. However, the visibility detection device has a long optical path, and is susceptible to moisture during the transmission process to generate backscattering, which is not received by the photodetector, thereby causing inaccurate detection.
Therefore, the present inventors have made extensive studies on the above problems, and as a result, they have made the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a road fog detection device based on multispectral, which is accurate in detection.
The invention aims to provide a road fog detection method based on multispectral, which is accurate in detection.
To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is as follows: a road fog detection device based on multiple spectrums comprises a detection device, a convex lens, a visible light filter and a reflecting piece, wherein the detection device, the convex lens, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are sequentially arranged on the same straight line at intervals, the convex lens, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are vertically arranged, the detection device is provided with two light emitters and two light detectors, one light emitter is a visible light emitter emitting visible light, the other light emitter is an infrared emitter emitting infrared light, one light detector is a visible light detector receiving visible light, the other light detector is an infrared light detector receiving infrared light, the emitting direction of the visible light emitter, the emitting direction of the infrared emitter, the receiving direction of the visible light detector and the receiving direction of the infrared light detector all face the convex lens, the distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 3-10cm, the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter is 15-25cm, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are closely attached to each other, and the reflecting piece is an infrared light reflecting piece reflecting the infrared light returning to the original way of the infrared light.
The reflecting piece is a cylinder with a 3MM reflecting film adhered to one surface facing the visible light filter.
The cylinder is a prism.
The distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 5cm, the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter is 20cm, and the visible light filter is closely matched with the reflecting piece.
The visible light emitter is a red light emitter, and the visible light detector is a red light detector.
A multispectral-based detection method for road fog clusters is realized by the following steps:
step one, mounting a detection device, a convex lens, a visible light filter and a reflector beside a road, and setting the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter to be d, namely the optical path to be 2d;
inputting the same working current value A to a visible light emitter and an infrared light emitter of the detection device, obtaining an infrared light receiving photon number C1 by the infrared light detector at the working current, wherein the infrared light receiving photon number = an infrared light backscattering photon number + an infrared light transmitting photon number, the infrared light backscattering photon number is C1S, the infrared light transmitting photon number is CT, CT = C1-C1S, the visible light detector correspondingly obtains a visible light receiving photon number C2 at the working current, because the visible light filter filters the visible light detector, the visible light receiving photon number C2 is equal to the visible light backscattering photon number, the visible light backscattering photon number is C2S, namely C2= C2S,
meanwhile, the backscatter energy equation p (d) at the pitch r with the photodetector is utilized at the above-described operating current value:
in the formula，p 0 Is the emission power of the photodetector, c is the speed of light, τ is the pulse width, A d For the effective receiving area, Y (d) is the optical characteristic of the photodetector, β (d) is the backscattering coefficient, T d Is the transmission factor; according to the transmission factor of light in the aerosol particles
Wherein I is the transmitted light intensity, I 0 Is the incident light intensity;
the conversion of p (d) at this distance d into the number of photons C takes the form
Eta is the quantum efficiency of the optical detector, lambda is the wavelength of light, h is the Planck constant, and t is the time between the emission of the emitter and the reception of the detector; it can be seen that the ratio of the number of visible light backscattered photons C2S (d) to the number of infrared backscattered photons C1S (d) at this distance d is
In the formula, λ R Is the wavelength of visible light, λ IR Is the wavelength of infrared light, beta R (d) Is the visible light backscattering coefficient, beta IR (d) Is the infrared light backscattering coefficient, T rR Is a visible light transmission factor, T rIR The infrared light transmission factor is the infrared light transmission factor, the infrared light backscattered photon number C1S can be obtained by using a formula of the ratio of the visible light backscattered photon number to the infrared backscattered photon number, and the infrared light transmission photon number CT can be obtained by using a formula of CT = C1-C1S;
step three, according to the infrared transmitted photon number CT obtained in step two, the transmission factor of the infrared light can be obtained
Wherein C 0 The number of the received photons of the infrared light detector is the number when the light propagation distance is 0 under the working current value A; then the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert theorem T rIR ＝e -σ2d Obtaining extinction coefficient sigma of infrared light, where e is the base of natural number logarithm and 2d is optical path, to obtain visibility
The visible light emitter is a red light emitter, and the visible light detector is a red light detector.
By adopting the technical scheme, the road fog detection device based on the multispectral can obtain the backward heat radiation photon number of infrared light and the transmission photon number of the infrared light by utilizing the transmission and the receiving of visible light spectrums and the matching use of visible light filters, so that the backward heat radiation photon number of the infrared light can be considered during visibility calculation, the visibility calculation accuracy is greatly improved, the detection accuracy of the detection device is higher, meanwhile, the whole device is simple in structure, easy to arrange, install and maintain, small in power consumption, capable of protecting the long-term operation of the whole device and convenient to use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
The invention relates to a road fog detection device based on multiple spectra, as shown in figure 1, comprising a detection device 1, a convex lens 2, a visible light filter 3 and a reflector 4, wherein the detection device 1, the convex lens 2, the visible light filter 3 and the reflector 4 are sequentially arranged on the same straight line at intervals, the convex lens 2, the visible light filter 3 and the reflector 4 are vertically arranged, the detection device 1 is provided with two light emitters and two light detectors, one light emitter is a visible light emitter (not shown in the figure) capable of emitting visible light 100, the other light emitter is an infrared emitter (not shown in the figure) capable of emitting infrared light 200, the other light detector is a visible light detector for receiving visible light, the other light detector is an infrared light detector for receiving infrared light, the visible light emitter, the infrared light emitter, the visible light detector and the infrared light detector are all known, the emission direction of the visible light emitter, the emission direction of the visible light detector and the receiving direction of the infrared light detector all face the convex lens 2, the distance between the detection device 1 and the lens 2 is 3-10cm, preferably, the distance between the visible light emitter, the reflection filter is preferably the reflector 4, the distance between the visible light emitter and the reflector 4 is preferably a distance between the visible light emitter, the reflector 4 and the reflector 4, and the reflector are preferably, and the distance between the infrared light emitter are preferably between the visible light detector.
According to the road fog detection device based on the multiple spectra, when the device is applied, the detection device emits visible light and infrared light, the visible light and the infrared light pass through the convex lens 2 to the visible light optical filter 3, at the moment, the visible light and the infrared light are influenced by particles in the air in the process of transmitting to the visible light optical filter, a small amount of back scattering of the visible light and the infrared light can be generated, most of the visible light is filtered by the visible light optical filter 3 and cannot be reflected to the infrared detector, the number of photons received by the visible light detector is the number of photons for back radiation of the visible light, the infrared light is reflected to the detection device through the reflecting piece 4 from the visible light optical filter 3 to the reflecting piece 4 in an original way, the number of photons received by the infrared light detector at the detection device is the sum of the number of photons transmitted by the infrared light and the number of photons for back radiation of the infrared light, the calculation of the photons for back radiation can be performed by the reflecting piece 4 by the device when the device is calculated, the device is adopted, the problem that the calculation of the back radiation of the traditional back radiation cannot be considered is solved, the calculation accuracy is greatly improved, the detection device, the detection accuracy of the detection device is higher, and meanwhile, the whole device structure is easy to arrange, the installation and the visibility is easy, the visibility is convenient to maintain, the whole visibility is convenient to operate, and the whole visibility is convenient to protect the whole device; in addition, the whole device adopts the receiving and transmitting integrated reflection type detection, the optical path is short, the distance between the transmitter and the reflector can be reduced, and the occupied space of the whole device is greatly reduced.
In the invention, the reflecting piece is a cylinder body, one surface of the reflecting piece, facing the visible light filter, is adhered with the 3MM reflecting film, preferably the cylinder body is a triangular prism, infrared light at different angles can be reflected back by utilizing the matching of the 3MM reflecting film and the triangular prism, and the calculation accuracy of the visibility is further ensured.
In the invention, the visible light emitter is a red light emitter, the visible light detector is a red light detector, and the effect of adopting red light for visible light obtained by multiple tests is the best.
The invention discloses a multispectral-based detection method of road fog, which is realized by the following steps:
firstly, a detection device, a convex lens, a visible light filter and a reflector are installed beside a road, wherein a visible light emitter of the detection device is preferably a red light emitter, a visible light detector is preferably a red light detector, and the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter is set to be d, namely the optical path is set to be 2d;
inputting the same working current value A to a visible light emitter and an infrared light emitter of the detection device, obtaining an infrared light receiving photon number C1 by the infrared light detector at the working current, wherein the infrared light receiving photon number = an infrared light backscattering photon number + an infrared light transmitting photon number, the infrared light backscattering photon number is C1S, the infrared light transmitting photon number is CT, CT = C1-C1S, the visible light detector correspondingly obtains a visible light receiving photon number C2 at the working current, because the visible light filter filters the visible light detector, the visible light receiving photon number C2 is equal to the visible light backscattering photon number, the visible light backscattering photon number is C2S, namely C2= C2S,
meanwhile, the backscatter energy equation p (d) at the pitch r with the photodetector is utilized at the above-described operating current value:
in the formula, p 0 Is the emission power of the photodetector, c is the speed of light, τ is the pulse width, A d For the effective receiving area, Y (d) is the optical characteristics of the photodetector, β (d) is the backscattering coefficient, T d Is the transmission factor; according to the transmission factor of light in the aerosol particles
Wherein I is the transmitted light intensity, I 0 Is the incident light intensity;
the conversion of p (d) at this distance d into the number of photons C takes the form
Eta is the quantum efficiency of the optical detector, lambda is the wavelength of light, h is the Planck constant, and t is the time between the emission of the emitter and the reception of the detector; it can be seen that the ratio of the number of visible light backscattered photons C2S (d) to the number of infrared backscattered photons C1S (d) at this distance d is
In the formula, λ R Is the wavelength of visible light, λ IR Is the wavelength of infrared light, beta R (d) As the back scattering coefficient of visible light, beta IR (d) Is the infrared light backscattering coefficient, T rR Is a visible light transmission factor, T rIR The infrared light transmission factor is the infrared light transmission factor, the infrared light backscattered photon number C1S can be obtained by using a formula of the ratio of the visible light backscattered photon number to the infrared backscattered photon number, and the infrared light transmission photon number CT can be obtained by using a formula of CT = C1-C1S;
step three, according to the infrared transmitted photon number CT obtained in step two, the transmission factor of the infrared light can be obtained
Wherein C 0 The number of the received photons of the infrared light detector is the number when the light propagation distance is 0 under the working current value A; then the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert theorem T rIR ＝e -σ2d Obtaining extinction coefficient sigma of infrared light, where e is the base of natural number logarithm and 2d is optical path, and substituting the obtained extinction system into visibility formula
The visibility value can be known.
By adopting the calculating method, the backward heat radiation photon number of the visible light and the infrared light can be calculated through the set device and the set step two, the problem of backward scattering is solved, errors caused by the backward heat radiation problem are eliminated, the visibility calculating precision is greatly improved, the whole detecting accuracy is higher, and the road driving safety is ensured.
The detection method of the invention is obtained by a plurality of tests of the inventor, and the effect of the whole detection method is optimal only when the visible light is red light.
The above examples and drawings are not intended to limit the method of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications thereof by one of ordinary skill in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A road fog detection system based on multispectral is characterized by comprising a detection device, a convex lens, a visible light filter and a reflecting piece, wherein the detection device, the convex lens, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are sequentially arranged on the same straight line at intervals, the convex lens, the visible light filter and the reflecting piece are vertically arranged, the detection device is provided with two light emitters and two light detectors, one light emitter is a visible light emitter emitting visible light, the other light emitter is an infrared emitter emitting infrared light, one light detector is a visible light detector receiving the visible light, the other light detector is an infrared light detector receiving the infrared light, the emitting direction of the visible light emitter, the emitting direction of the infrared emitter, the receiving direction of the visible light detector and the receiving direction of the infrared light detector all face the convex lens, the distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 3-10cm, the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter is 15-25cm, the visible light is in close fit with the reflecting piece, and the reflecting piece is an infrared light piece for reflecting the infrared light back to the original way.
2. The multi-spectrum based road fog detection system of claim 1, wherein: the reflecting piece is a cylinder with a 3MM reflecting film adhered to one surface facing the visible light filter.
3. The multi-spectrum based road fog detection system of claim 2, wherein: the cylinder is a prism.
4. The multispectral-based road fog detection system of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the detection device and the convex lens is 5cm, and the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter is 20cm.
5. The multi-spectrum based road fog detection system of claim 1, wherein: the visible light emitter is a red light emitter, and the visible light detector is a red light detector.
6. A road fog detection method based on multispectral is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1) detecting road fog; the multispectral-based road fog detection system of claim 1, implemented by:
step one, mounting a detection device, a convex lens, a visible light filter and a reflector beside a road, and setting the distance between the convex lens and the visible light filter to be d, namely the optical path to be 2d;
inputting the same working current value A to a visible light emitter and an infrared light emitter of the detection device, obtaining an infrared light receiving photon number C1 by the infrared light detector at the working current, wherein the infrared light receiving photon number = an infrared light backscattering photon number + an infrared light transmitting photon number, the infrared light backscattering photon number is C1S, the infrared light transmitting photon number is CT, CT = C1-C1S, the visible light detector correspondingly obtains a visible light receiving photon number C2 at the working current, because the visible light filter filters the visible light detector, the visible light receiving photon number C2 is equal to the visible light backscattering photon number, the visible light backscattering photon number is C2S, namely C2= C2S,
meanwhile, the backscattering energy equation p (d) at the spacing d using the photodetector at the above-mentioned operating current value is:
in the formula, p 0 Is the emission power of the photodetector, c is the speed of light, τ is the pulse width, A d For the effective receiving area, Y (d) is the optical characteristics of the photodetector, β (d) is the backscattering coefficient, T d Is the transmission factor; according to the transmission factor of light in the aerosol particles
Wherein I is the transmitted light intensity, I 0 Is the incident light intensity;
the conversion of p (d) at this distance d into the number of photons C is in the form of
Eta is the quantum efficiency of the photodetector, lambda is the wavelength of light, h is the Planck constant, and t is the time between the emission of the emitter and the reception of the detector; it can be seen that the ratio of the number of visible light backscattered photons C2S (d) to the number of infrared backscattered photons C1S (d) at this distance d is
In the formula, λ R Is the wavelength of visible light, λ IR Is the wavelength of infrared light, beta R (d) As the back scattering coefficient of visible light, beta IR (d) Is the infrared light backscattering coefficient, T rR Is a visible light transmission factor, T rIR The infrared light transmission factor is the infrared light transmission factor, the infrared light backscattered photon number C1S can be obtained by using a formula of the ratio of the visible light backscattered photon number to the infrared backscattered photon number, and the infrared light transmission photon number CT can be obtained by using a formula of CT = C1-C1S;
step three, according to the infrared transmitted photon number CT obtained in step two, the infrared light can be obtainedTransmission factor of
Wherein C is 0 The number of the received photons of the infrared light detector is the number when the light propagation distance is 0 under the working current value A; then the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert theorem T rIR ＝e -σ2d Obtaining extinction coefficient sigma of infrared light, where e is the base of natural number logarithm and 2d is optical path, and obtaining visibility
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises: the visible light emitter is a red light emitter, and the visible light detector is a red light detector.
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