CN113324848B - A low-temperature bending strain test method for asphalt mixture trabeculae specimens - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本公开涉及道路材料试验领域，特别涉及一种沥青混合料小梁试件低温弯曲应变试验方法。The present disclosure relates to the field of road material testing, in particular to a low-temperature bending strain test method for an asphalt mixture trabecular specimen.
背景技术Background technique
沥青路面是我国路面结构的主要形式。沥青混合料低温抗裂性是必需考察的重要性能之一。现行《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》(JTG E20-2011)(以下简称规程)规定，通过小梁试件低温弯曲试验获得的弯曲应变来评价沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能。Asphalt pavement is the main form of pavement structure in my country. The low temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixture is one of the important properties that must be investigated. The current "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture Test Regulations for Highway Engineering" (JTG E20-2011) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) stipulates that the low temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture is evaluated by the bending strain obtained by the low temperature bending test of the trabecular specimen.
试验用小梁试件尺寸为250mm×30mm×35mm，由车辙板切割制得，通常一块车辙板(尺寸为300mm×300mm×50mm)一般可切割7～8根小梁试件，但因小梁试验结果的离散性往往较大，在进行变异数据舍弃后就可能导致试验样本容量不足，评价结果的准确性欠佳。The size of the trabecular specimen used for the test is 250mm×30mm×35mm, which is made by cutting the rut plate. Usually, a rut plate (the size is 300mm×300mm×50mm) can generally cut 7 to 8 trabecular specimens. The discreteness of the test results is often large, and after the variation data is discarded, it may lead to insufficient test sample capacity and poor accuracy of the evaluation results.
发明人发现，为了更准确地反映沥青混合料低温性能，加大样本容量(试件个数)就显得十分必要；但由于车辙板制件的试验工作量大，为了增多低温性能试验的样本容量而加大使用车辙板物料会显著提升试验成本；在试验后直接废弃断裂的小梁试件会导致物料的浪费；另外，通过车辙板多次制作小梁试件的过程也消耗了大量的时间成本，影响沥青混合料性能的试验进度。The inventor found that in order to more accurately reflect the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture, it is very necessary to increase the sample capacity (the number of test pieces); However, increasing the use of rutting board materials will significantly increase the test cost; directly discarding the broken trabecular specimens after the test will lead to waste of materials; in addition, the process of making trabecular specimens from the rutting board for multiple times also consumes a lot of time. cost, test schedule that affects the performance of asphalt mixtures.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本公开的目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷，提供一种沥青混合料小梁试件低温弯曲应变试验方法，在不增加车辙板试件数量的前提下，通过对小梁试件试验后断裂的短小梁试件再进行试验并对其试验数据进行处理，连同小梁试件的试验结果，来综合评价沥青混合料的低温性能，这可成倍增加样本容量，显著提高评价结果的准确性。The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a low-temperature bending strain test method for an asphalt mixture trabecular specimen in view of the defects existing in the prior art. The short trabecular specimens are then tested and the test data are processed, together with the test results of the trabecular specimens, to comprehensively evaluate the low temperature performance of the asphalt mixture, which can double the sample capacity and significantly improve the accuracy of the evaluation results. .
为了实现上述目的，采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted:
包括以下步骤：Include the following steps:
一种沥青混合料小梁试件低温弯曲应变试验方法，包括以下步骤：A low-temperature bending strain test method for an asphalt mixture trabecular specimen, comprising the following steps:
基于小梁试件低温加载试验，获取小梁试件弯曲应变，每根小梁试件断裂后均得到两根短小梁试件；Based on the low temperature loading test of the trabecular specimen, the bending strain of the trabecular specimen was obtained, and two short trabecular specimens were obtained after each trabecular specimen was broken;
基于短小梁试件低温加载试验，获取每根短小梁试件的弯曲应变值，以短小梁试件与小梁试件的修正系数，对短小梁试件的弯曲应变值进行换算，获取相当于小梁试件的试验结果；Based on the low-temperature loading test of short trabecular specimens, the bending strain value of each short trabecular specimen is obtained, and the flexural strain value of the short trabecular specimen is converted with the correction factor of the short trabecular specimen and the trabecular specimen to obtain the equivalent of Test results of trabecular specimens;
综合短小梁试件的弯曲应变值换算后的结果和小梁试件弯曲应变结果进行应变分析。Strain analysis was carried out by combining the converted results of the bending strain values of the short trabecular specimens and the bending strain results of the trabecular specimens.
进一步地，获取多根小梁试件进行编号，通过低温加载弯曲试验得到小梁试件断裂时的挠度，获取小梁试件的最大弯曲应变。Further, a plurality of trabecular specimens are obtained and numbered, and the deflection of the trabecular specimen at fracture is obtained through a low-temperature loading bending test, and the maximum bending strain of the trabecular specimen is obtained.
进一步地，依据每一根小梁试件进行加载试验后获取的两根短小梁试件进行编号，短小梁试件的编号与原小梁试件的编号相对应。Further, two short trabecular specimens obtained after each trabecular specimen is subjected to the loading test are numbered, and the numbers of the short trabecular specimens correspond to the numbers of the original trabecular specimens.
进一步地，小梁试件加载试验后，从跨中断裂为两根短小梁试件，对短小梁试件进行处理后进行保温养护。Further, after the loading test of the trabecular specimen, it was broken from the mid-span into two short trabecular specimens, and the short trabecular specimens were treated and then subjected to thermal preservation.
进一步地，修正系数的计算包括以下步骤：Further, the calculation of the correction coefficient includes the following steps:
获取小梁试件的弯曲应变，获取小梁试件形成的短小梁试件的弯曲应变；Obtain the bending strain of the trabecular specimen, and obtain the bending strain of the short trabecular specimen formed by the trabecular specimen;
小梁试件弯曲应变与其对应的短小梁试件的弯曲应变进行组对；The bending strain of the trabecular specimen was paired with the bending strain of the corresponding short trabecular specimen;
根据回归分析获取回归系数，作为修正系数。The regression coefficient is obtained according to the regression analysis as the correction coefficient.
进一步地，依据短小梁试件低温加载试验断裂时的挠度，计算每根短小梁的弯曲应变值，并获取同一小梁试件对应的两个短小梁试件的弯曲应变值的算术平均值。Further, according to the deflection of the short trabecular specimen when it breaks in the low temperature loading test, the bending strain value of each short trabecular specimen is calculated, and the arithmetic mean of the bending strain values of the two short trabecular specimens corresponding to the same trabecular specimen is obtained.
进一步地，在直角坐标系中绘制散点图，依据散点分布规律，进行回归分析。Further, a scatter diagram is drawn in a rectangular coordinate system, and a regression analysis is performed according to the law of scatter distribution.
进一步地，依据散点分布选择函数进行回归分析，获取与沥青混合料类型相关的回归系数。Further, regression analysis is performed according to the scatter distribution selection function to obtain regression coefficients related to the type of asphalt mixture.
进一步地，对短小梁试件弯曲应变的换算结果和小梁试件的结果进行异常值剔除。Further, outliers were eliminated for the conversion results of bending strain of short trabecular specimens and the results of trabecular specimens.
进一步地，对保留的弯曲应变的数据求取平均值，作为试验结果。Further, the data of the remaining bending strains were averaged as the test results.
与现有技术相比，本公开具有的优点和积极效果是：Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present disclosure are:
(1)在对小梁试件进行加载试验获取弯曲应变数据后，从断裂面处截断小梁试件获取短小梁试件获取对应的弯曲应变数据，并将短小梁试件的弯曲应变数据结合修正系数进行换算，增加样本数量并结合小梁试件的数据共同进行分析，大幅提高分析的准确性；(1) After loading the trabecular specimen to obtain the bending strain data, truncate the trabecular specimen from the fracture surface to obtain the corresponding bending strain data of the short trabecular specimen, and combine the bending strain data of the short trabecular specimen The correction factor is converted, the number of samples is increased, and the data of the trabecular specimens are combined for analysis, which greatly improves the accuracy of the analysis;
(2)建立小梁试件与短小梁试件之间的相关关系；以弯曲应变值为基础，进行回归分析获取回归系数，得到与沥青混合料类型相关的回归系数，以此系数将短小梁试件的试验数据换算后作为样本数据；节省试验成本，并能够减少小梁试件的使用量，从而节约多次制备小梁试件的时间。(2) Establish the correlation between trabecular specimens and short trabecular specimens; based on the bending strain value, perform regression analysis to obtain regression coefficients, and obtain the regression coefficients related to the type of asphalt mixture, and use this coefficient to convert short trabeculae The test data of the test piece is converted as the sample data; the test cost is saved, and the usage of the trabecular test piece can be reduced, thereby saving the time of preparing the trabecular test piece for many times.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。The accompanying drawings that constitute a part of the present disclosure are used to provide further understanding of the present disclosure, and the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present disclosure.
图1为本公开实施例1中低温加载试验装置的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature loading test device in Example 1 of the disclosure;
图2为本公开实施例1中回归分析的散点示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of scatter of regression analysis in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
本公开的一个典型实施例中，如图1-图2所示，给出一种沥青混合料小梁试件低温弯曲应变试验方法。In a typical embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 1-2 , a low-temperature bending strain test method of an asphalt mixture trabecular specimen is given.
包括以下步骤：Include the following steps:
获取多根小梁试件进行编号，通过低温加载弯曲试验得到小梁试件断裂时的挠度，获取每根小梁试件的最大弯曲应变；Obtain multiple trabecular specimens for numbering, obtain the deflection of the trabecular specimens when they break through the low-temperature loading bending test, and obtain the maximum bending strain of each trabecular specimen;
依据每一根小梁试件进行加载试验后从跨中断裂为两根短小梁试件，对短小梁试件进行处理后进行保温养护，获取的两根短小梁试件进行编号，短小梁试件的编号与原小梁试件的编号相对应；According to the loading test of each trabecular specimen, it broke from the mid-span into two short trabecular specimens. The short trabecular specimens were treated and then maintained for heat preservation. The number of the specimen corresponds to the number of the original trabecular specimen;
基于短小梁试件低温加载试验，获取每根短小梁试件的弯曲应变值，结合短小梁试件与小梁试件的修正系数，带入短小梁试件的弯曲应变值进行换算，获取相当于小梁试件的试验结果；Based on the low-temperature loading test of short trabecular specimens, the bending strain value of each short trabecular specimen is obtained. Combined with the correction factor of the short trabecular specimen and the trabecular specimen, the bending strain value of the short trabecular specimen is converted to obtain the equivalent Test results on trabecular specimens;
对短小梁试件弯曲应变的换算结果和小梁试件的结果进行异常值剔除；The outliers were eliminated for the conversion results of bending strain of short trabecular specimens and the results of trabecular specimens;
综合短小梁试件的弯曲应变值换算后的结果和小梁试件弯曲应变，进行异常值处理后对保留的弯曲应变的数据求取平均值，作为试验结果进行应变分析。The results of the conversion of the bending strain value of the short trabecular specimen and the bending strain of the trabecular specimen were integrated, and the average value of the remaining bending strain data was obtained after the abnormal value processing was performed, and the strain analysis was performed as the test result.
在对小梁试件进行加载试验获取弯曲应变数据后，截断小梁试件获取短小梁试件获取对应的弯曲应变数据，并将短小梁试件的弯曲应变数据结合修正系数进行换算，成倍增加样本数量并结合小梁试件的数据共同进行分析，提高分析的准确性。After the loading test of the trabecular specimen is performed to obtain the bending strain data, the trabecular specimen is truncated to obtain the corresponding bending strain data of the short trabecular specimen, and the bending strain data of the short trabecular specimen is converted with the correction factor to multiply Increase the number of samples and combine the data of trabecular specimens for analysis to improve the accuracy of the analysis.
结合图1、图2，对上述试验方法进行详细描述：In conjunction with Figure 1 and Figure 2, the above-mentioned test method is described in detail:
在本实施例中，根据规程的规定确定小梁试件的尺寸。试验用小梁试件的尺寸为250mm×30mm×35mm，约定为A型小梁；A型小梁在跨中间进行切割，由一根小梁得到两根短小梁试件，尺寸为125mm×30mm×35mm，约定为B型短小梁。In this example, the dimensions of the trabecular specimens were determined according to the regulations. The size of the trabecular specimen used for the test is 250mm×30mm×35mm, which is designated as A-type trabecular; the A-type trabecular is cut in the middle of the span, and two short trabecular specimens are obtained from one trabecular, and the size is 125mm×30mm ×35mm, the convention is B-type short trabecular.
A型小梁属于力学意义上的梁式试件，B型“短小梁”严格意义上已不符合力学意义上“梁”的定义，但为了表述上的简便，仍称其为小梁。计算A型小梁低温弯曲应变的计算公式不能直接适用于B型短小梁，需对后者建立新的弯曲应变计算原理或方法。Type A trabeculae are beam-type specimens in the mechanical sense, and type B "short trabeculae" no longer meet the definition of "beam" in the mechanical sense, but for the sake of simplicity, they are still called trabeculae. The formula for calculating the low-temperature bending strain of A-type trabeculae cannot be directly applied to B-type short trabeculae, and a new bending strain calculation principle or method needs to be established for the latter.
试验模式：A型小梁在现行规程中有规定的试验模式，B型短小梁仍采用与A型小梁相同的试验模式，但用于支撑B型小梁的支座是可移动的，如图1所示的低温加载试验装置，其支座可移动。Test mode: Type A trabeculae have specified test modes in the current regulations, and short trabeculae B still use the same test mode as Type A trabeculae, but the supports used to support Type B trabeculae are movable, such as The low-temperature loading test device shown in Figure 1 has a movable support.
由于A型小梁和B型短小梁的轴向长度不同，在支撑A型小梁机型试验后，调整低温加载试验装置的支座间距，使其能够满足B型短小梁的支撑需求。Since the axial lengths of the A-type trabeculae and the B-type short trabeculae are different, after the support of the A-type trabecular model, the distance between the supports of the low-temperature loading test device was adjusted so that it could meet the support requirements of the B-type short trabeculae.
对于A型小梁试件弯曲应变计算Bending Strain Calculations for Type A Trabecular Specimens
根据材料力学或规程，A型小梁弯曲应变按式(1)计算。According to material mechanics or regulations, the bending strain of A-type trabecular is calculated according to formula (1).
式中，ε为小梁底部最大弯拉应变；L为小梁的跨径，为200mm±0.5mm；d为挠度，即跨中LVDT位移传感器读数，mm。In the formula, ε is the maximum bending and tensile strain at the bottom of the trabecular; L is the span of the trabecular, which is 200 mm ± 0.5 mm; d is the deflection, that is, the reading of the mid-span LVDT displacement sensor, mm.
由于B型短小梁不再是梁式试件，因此式(1)不可直接拿来利用；但可仍以式(1)获得计算值，只是该计算值不是真实的弯曲应变，需要对其进行修正，修正后可认为是试验材料的真实弯曲应变结果。Since the B-type short trabecular is no longer a beam-type specimen, Equation (1) cannot be used directly; however, the calculated value can still be obtained from Equation (1), but the calculated value is not the real bending strain and needs to be calculated Correction, the correction can be regarded as the true bending strain result of the test material.
B型短小梁试件试验结果修正Correction of test results of B-type short trabecular specimens
1.选择某类型沥青混合料(如AC20)，按照现行试验规程制备1块车辙板试件，切割得到n根(n＝7～8)A型小梁试件，并对其进行逐一编号：A1，A2，……，Ai，……，An。按要求进行保温养护，然后进行低温弯曲试验，测得小梁断裂时的挠度，利用式(1)计算小梁底部最大弯拉应变，得到一组试验结果：εAi。1. Select a certain type of asphalt mixture (such as AC20), prepare a rutting plate specimen according to the current test procedures, cut n (n=7~8) A-type trabecular specimens, and number them one by one: A 1 , A 2 , ..., A i , ..., An . Carry out heat preservation and maintenance as required, and then perform low-temperature bending test to measure the deflection of the trabecular fracture, and use formula (1) to calculate the maximum bending and tensile strain at the bottom of the trabecular to obtain a set of test results: ε Ai .
(i＝1,2,……，n)。(i=1,2,...,n).
2.对进行编号的每一根A型小梁进行加载试验，试验后从跨中断裂为两根B型短小梁，对B型短小梁依次进行编号为(B11、B12)，(B21、B22)，……，(Bi1、Bi2)，……(Bn1、Bn2)，即小梁Ai对应着切割后的短小梁Bi1与Bi2；对B型短小梁试件继续进行保温养护，达到与A型小梁相同的养护条件。2. Carry out a loading test on each A-type trabecula that is numbered. After the test, it will break into two B-type short trabecules from the mid-span. 21 , B 22 ), ..., (B i1 , B i2 ), ... (B n1 , B n2 ), that is, the trabecular A i corresponds to the cut short trabeculae B i1 and B i2 ; for the B-type short trabeculae The specimens continued to undergo thermal maintenance to achieve the same curing conditions as the A-type trabeculae.
3.调整B型短小梁支座间距，并用游标卡尺准确测量出其跨径，这个时间过程要在10s内完成；然后对B型短小梁进行加载试验，测得其断裂时的挠度，利用式(1)计算每根B型短小梁的弯曲应变值，得到n对应变结果：(εBi1，εBi2)。对这些结果分别进行算数平均，得到：3. Adjust the distance between the supports of the B-type short trabeculae, and use a vernier caliper to accurately measure the span. This time process should be completed within 10s; then carry out a loading test on the B-type short trabecular to measure the deflection when it breaks, using the formula ( 1) Calculate the bending strain value of each B-type short trabecular to obtain n pairs of strain results: (ε Bi1 , ε Bi2 ). Arithmetic averaging of these results, respectively, yields:
εBi＝(εBi1+εBi2)/2ε Bi = (ε Bi1 +ε Bi2 )/2
4.将A型小梁的计算结果εAi与B型短小梁的计算结果εBi进行组对，在直角坐标系中绘制散点图，根据散点的分布规律，选择适当的函数类型进行回归分析，假设两者之间呈线性关系，如图2所示，则可建立得到以εB为自变量、εA为因变量的通过坐标原点的回归方程：4. Pair the calculation results of A-type trabeculae ε Ai with the calculation results of B-type short trabeculae ε Bi , draw a scatter diagram in the Cartesian coordinate system, and select the appropriate function type for regression according to the distribution law of the scatter points. Analysis, assuming that there is a linear relationship between the two, as shown in Figure 2, the regression equation through the coordinate origin with ε B as the independent variable and ε A as the dependent variable can be established:
εA＝αεB (2).ε A = αε B (2).
式中，εA为按式(1)计算的A型小梁试件弯曲应变；εB为按照式(1)计算得到的B型短小梁试件的弯曲应变；α为与沥青混合料类型相关的修正系数，可通过对各类沥青混合料的大量试验，经回归分析得到。In the formula, ε A is the bending strain of the A-type trabecular specimen calculated according to the formula (1); ε B is the bending strain of the B-type short trabecular specimen calculated according to the formula (1); α is the type of asphalt mixture. The relevant correction coefficients can be obtained by regression analysis through a large number of experiments on various types of asphalt mixtures.
具体试验过程Specific test process
1)按照规程规定试验的步骤，准备至少7根A型小梁试件，依次对A型小梁试件进行加载试验，测得断裂时的挠度，代入式(1)，计算得到所有A型小梁试件的弯曲应变；然后对小梁试件从跨中断裂获得至少14根的B型短小梁试件，依据规程对其进行保温养护至规定的时间。1) According to the test steps specified in the regulations, prepare at least 7 A-type trabecular specimens, carry out the loading test on the A-type trabecular specimens in turn, measure the deflection at break, and substitute it into formula (1) to calculate all A-type trabecular specimens. Bending strain of the trabecular specimen; then at least 14 B-type short trabecular specimens were obtained from the mid-span fracture of the trabecular specimen, and they were maintained for a specified time according to the regulations.
2)将B型短小梁试件进行加载试验，测得断裂时的挠度，代入式(2)，计算得到一组弯曲应变计算值，然后乘以相应沥青混合料类型的回归系数α，换算得到相当于A型小梁试件的试验结果。2) Carry out the loading test of the B-type short trabecular specimen, measure the deflection at break, and substitute it into formula (2) to obtain a set of calculated bending strain values, and then multiply by the regression coefficient α of the corresponding asphalt mixture type to obtain Corresponding to the test results of A-type trabecular specimens.
3)对换算后的结果与A型小梁试件的弯曲应变结果进行异常值剔除，由剩余后的数据共同计算低温弯曲应变的平均值作为最终试验结果。3) The abnormal values of the converted results and the bending strain results of the A-type trabecular specimens are eliminated, and the average value of the low-temperature bending strain is calculated from the remaining data as the final test result.
通过小梁试件低温弯曲试验和短小梁试件低温弯曲试验获得的弯曲应变数据，综合评价沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能。The low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures was comprehensively evaluated by the bending strain data obtained from the low-temperature bending test of trabecular specimens and the low-temperature bending test of short trabecular specimens.
建立小梁试件与短小梁试件之间的相关关系；以弯曲应变值为基础，进行回归分析获取回归系数，得到与沥青混合料类型相关的回归系数，以此系数将短小梁试件的试验数据换算后作为样本数据；节省试验成本，并能够减少小梁试件的使用量，解决试验时间。The correlation between trabecular specimens and short trabecular specimens was established; based on the bending strain value, regression analysis was performed to obtain regression coefficients, and the regression coefficients related to the type of asphalt mixture were obtained. The test data can be converted into sample data; the test cost can be saved, the usage of trabecular specimens can be reduced, and the test time can be solved.
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, the present disclosure may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
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