CN113324625A - Monitoring device and detection method for plasma gasification furnace melt interface based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference - Google Patents

Monitoring device and detection method for plasma gasification furnace melt interface based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference Download PDF

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CN113324625A
CN113324625A CN202010131805.5A CN202010131805A CN113324625A CN 113324625 A CN113324625 A CN 113324625A CN 202010131805 A CN202010131805 A CN 202010131805A CN 113324625 A CN113324625 A CN 113324625A
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ultrasonic
signal
furnace
ultrasonic receiving
probe
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侯益铭
贾文凯
叶泽甫
张帅
朱竹军
宋上
阎高伟
孔卉茹
樊茂洲
李鹏翔
马跃
侯祯妮
裴国臣
乔虹
柳叶
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Shanxi Gemeng Sino Us Clean Energy R & D Center Co ltd
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Shanxi Gemeng Sino Us Clean Energy R & D Center Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
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    • G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves

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Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma gasification furnace melt interface monitoring device based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference, which comprises a control system, a signal transmitting device and a signal receiving device, wherein the control system is used for controlling the signal transmitting device to transmit an ultrasonic signal and simultaneously acquiring data of the signal receiving device to obtain the receiving time of a furnace transmission signal in each path of acquired signal; the signal transmitting device is arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace and used for receiving a sending instruction of the control system and transmitting an ultrasonic pulse signal; the signal receiving device is arranged on the outer side wall of the plasma gasification furnace, is opposite to the signal transmitting device in the radial direction, and is used for receiving the ultrasonic signal transmitted by the signal transmitting device. The invention can detect the height position of the molten material in the plasma gasification furnace from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace in real time so as to control the feeding and discharging speeds in time, thereby greatly improving the combustion efficiency of the garbage fly ash.

Description

Monitoring device and detection method for plasma gasification furnace melt interface based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of a melting interface position of a high-temperature melting furnace, in particular to a monitoring device and a detection method for a plasma gasification furnace melt interface based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference.
Background
A high-temperature melting furnace is basic industrial equipment in the field of chemical industry. The interface position of the melt in the furnace often affects the control of the reaction process in the furnace, the system feeding system and the slag processing system, and the detection of the interface position of the melt in the furnace is one of the concerns in this field. For different furnace bodies, the detection mode has no universal method, and for the special furnace environments of some melting furnaces, such as high temperature, high pressure, complex furnace environments, limited space and the like, the conventional interface detection mode cannot be implemented or has larger errors.
The plasma gasification melting process is a new generation of hazardous waste treatment means, and is a hazardous waste treatment mode with the highest technical content and the most prominent effect internationally at present. In the process of utilizing plasma gasification melting, the mixed material added from the feeding system at the top of the furnace body is rapidly melted by the high temperature of 5000-80 ℃ generated by the plasma torch, wherein organic components are converted into synthetic gas and discharged from a gas outlet at the upper part of the furnace, and inorganic substances are converted into molten glassy molten slurry and deposited at the bottom of the furnace. When the plasma gasification furnace works, the position of a melting interface at the bottom of the furnace needs to be detected in real time.
The furnace environment of the plasma gasification melting furnace has the following characteristics: the plasma torch causes an ultra-high temperature and high brightness in-furnace environment; the space in the furnace is limited, a material inlet and a flue gas outlet are arranged above the furnace, and a plasma torch is arranged in the middle of the furnace; the blanking and the smoke exhaust cause that the atmospheric environment in the furnace contains a plurality of dust particles; the melt interface can fluctuate under the influence of the plasma jet.
The material level detection method is mainly divided into a contact type and a non-contact type in form, and in consideration of the characteristics of ultra-high temperature and viscosity of a molten mass, a contact type measurement method such as a differential pressure method, a static pressure method, a probe method and the like cannot be applied, and only a non-contact type detection method can be adopted, wherein the non-contact type detection method comprises a radar method, an ultrasonic echo method, an image method, a laser method and the like.
The radar method works by utilizing the principle that the radar sends out microwaves, the microwaves pass through a medium to reach the surface of a measured object and then are reflected to a radar receiving device, and the propagation speed of the microwaves in the medium is utilized to calculate the height of the object level. However, false reflection is easily caused due to interference of blanking and dust in the furnace, so that detection errors are caused; the axis of the sensor and the level surface should be kept vertical, but the melt interface fluctuates under the influence of plasma jet, so that the vertical installation condition is difficult to achieve; the installation needs to open a hole on the furnace top and add high temperature resistant treatment to the detection equipment, and the procedure is complicated. For the above reasons, the radar method is not suitable for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace.
The working principle of the ultrasonic echo method is that ultrasonic pulses sent by an ultrasonic transmitter reach an object surface through a propagation medium and are reflected to an ultrasonic receiver, the time from the sending of the pulses to the receiving of the return pulses is calculated, and the distance from the ultrasonic transmitter to the object surface, namely the height of the object surface, can be obtained by knowing the propagation speed of the ultrasonic pulses in the medium. However, the ultrasonic echo method is not suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure occasions, the sound velocity C of ultrasonic wave propagation is greatly influenced by the temperature and pressure changes of a propagation medium, even if a temperature compensation mechanism is added, the temperature of the upper part and the lower part in a melting furnace is greatly different and is difficult to measure, temperature compensation can only be carried out within a certain range, and the measurement accuracy is seriously influenced when the temperature compensation range is exceeded; the space in the melting furnace is limited, and the emission of the furnace wall can cause misjudgment; there are the same problems as the above radar method. For the above reasons, the ultrasonic echo method is not suitable for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace.
The image method adopts the working principle that a CCD camera and other image acquisition devices are used for acquiring a material level image, the material level image is processed by using an image processing technology to obtain material level information, and then the material level height is obtained through calculation. However, the high-brightness jet flow of the plasma torch and the ultra-high temperature molten slurry form a high-brightness environment in the furnace, and the difficulty in object level image segmentation and the difficulty in object level line extraction exist, so that the image method is not suitable for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN103076065B, published: the 2017, 05 and 03 discloses a laser measuring device for detecting the liquid level of liquid metal, which changes the laser reflection position by utilizing the movement of a liquid metal interface, has high detection precision in a relatively quiet and interference-free environment such as a liquid metal storage tank, and has large fluctuation of the liquid level in a running melting furnace, so that a laser receiver can cause misjudgment or even cannot receive signals. Structured light and optical triangulation methods within the optical wave method are also not suitable for use in the intense light environment of the melting furnace.
An external sensing type liquid level measuring method based on ultrasonic impedance and echo sound pressure provides a liquid level measuring method, which is characterized in that reflection and transmission characteristics of incident ultrasonic beams on the inner wall of a container are different based on the difference of the ultrasonic impedance of gas-liquid media above and below the liquid level in the container, an ultrasonic probe integrating receiving and transmitting is attached to the outer wall of the container, and the position of the liquid level is determined according to the change characteristic of the echo sound pressure. When the method is used for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace, because the furnace wall is internally made of multiple layers of materials, generally, a refractory lining, a heat insulation layer and a shell are respectively arranged from inside to outside, echo signals are more complicated and more difficult to process, the central frequency and the radius of a detection probe and the excitation voltage of excitation pulses have larger influence on the measurement precision and are difficult to optimally select, and therefore the method is not suitable for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN108548586A, published: patent document 09/18.2018 discloses an externally-attached liquid level alarm system and method based on ultrasonic reverberation detection, wherein a transmitting device is controlled to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals under set frequency, continuous reverberation signals within a certain time are received, the received reverberation signals are processed to obtain reverberation intensity of the reverberation signals, and the liquid level position is judged according to comparison with a preset warning judgment value. When the method is used for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace, the method is not suitable for detecting the position of the melting interface of the plasma gasification furnace because the complex noise in the industrial process, the reverberation intensity above and below the liquid level do not have a specific size relation and the liquid level can only be judged whether to reach the characteristic position.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a device and a method for monitoring a melt interface of a plasma gasification furnace based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference, aiming at the problem that the detection of the interface position of the melt in the furnace has no universal method for different furnace bodies in a detection mode.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a plasma gasification furnace melt interface monitoring device based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference comprises a control system, a signal transmitting device and a signal receiving device, wherein the control system is used for controlling the signal transmitting device to transmit ultrasonic signals and simultaneously collecting data of the signal receiving device to obtain the receiving time of a furnace transmission signal in each path of collected signals;
the signal transmitting device is arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace and is used for receiving a sending instruction of the control system and transmitting an ultrasonic pulse signal;
the signal receiving device is arranged on the outer side wall of the plasma gasification furnace, is opposite to the signal transmitting device in the radial direction and is used for receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted by the signal transmitting device, meanwhile, the signal receiving device comprises an ultrasonic receiving probe array, the ultrasonic receiving probe array comprises N ultrasonic receiving probes, N is larger than or equal to 4 and is an integer, at least two ultrasonic receiving probes are arranged above the height position of a plasma torch of the plasma gasification furnace, at least two ultrasonic receiving probes are also arranged at the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace, and the N ultrasonic receiving probes are distributed at equal intervals vertically.
Furthermore, the control system comprises a control unit, a signal conditioning unit, a data acquisition unit and a data storage unit, wherein the signal receiving device is electrically connected with the signal conditioning unit, the signal conditioning unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is electrically connected with the control unit, and the control unit is electrically connected with the data storage unit and the signal transmitting device.
The signal transmitting device further comprises a single chip microcomputer, a power amplifier and an ultrasonic transmitting probe, wherein the single chip microcomputer receives a transmitting instruction of the control system and sends an excitation signal to the power amplifier according to the transmitting instruction, the power amplifier amplifies the excitation signal and transmits the amplified excitation signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe transmits an ultrasonic signal according to the amplified excitation signal.
A method for detecting a melt interface of a plasma gasification furnace based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: installing ultrasonic emission probes in a signal emission device on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of a plasma gasification furnace, vertically and equidistantly arranging N ultrasonic receiving probes in a signal receiving device on the outer side wall of the plasma gasification furnace opposite to the ultrasonic emission probes in the radial direction, wherein N is not less than 4 and is an integer, arranging not less than two ultrasonic receiving probes above the height position of a plasma torch of the plasma gasification furnace, arranging not less than two ultrasonic receiving probes at the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace, and simultaneously controlling the signal emission device to emit ultrasonic detection signals into the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace by a control system;
s2: the signal receiving device receives ultrasonic transmission signals, sends the ultrasonic transmission signals to a signal conditioning unit in a control system for processing, and then carries out real-time multi-path synchronous acquisition through a data acquisition unit in the control system, and the control unit in the control system processes the acquired data to obtain the receiving time when each ultrasonic receiving probe receives the transmission signals in the furnace;
s3: determining the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface according to the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe when receiving the transmission signal in the furnace;
s4: and the control system determines the height position of the melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace through the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above the melting interface receives the transmission signal in the furnace.
Further, in step S2, the receiving time when each ultrasonic receiving probe receives the in-furnace transmission signal is obtained, the receiving signals of the ultrasonic receiving probes are sequentially a signal propagating along the furnace wall, an aliasing signal of the signal propagating along the furnace wall and the in-furnace transmission signal according to the receiving order, and the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the in-furnace transmission signal is the time when the aliasing signal starts to aliasing, specifically:
s2.1: and representing the signal propagating along the furnace wall by a least square function, specifically:
Figure BDA0002395986000000061
wherein: f. ofj(t) is a least squares function of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj1Coefficient of t corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj2T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe2Coefficient of (a)j3T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe3Coefficient of (a)jnT corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probenT is the corresponding transmission time from the signal propagating along the furnace wall to the ultrasonic receiving probe, and j is the label of the ultrasonic receiving probe;
s2.2: determining the coefficient of the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe by using the data value points of the data and the minimum value of the distance square sum of each point in the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe through m data in the signals transmitted along the furnace wall, and specifically comprising the following steps:
Figure RE-GDA0002451782980000051
wherein: f. ofj(ti) Least squares function of ith data in signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj1Coefficient of t corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj2T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe2Coefficient of (a)j3T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe3Coefficient of (a)jnT corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probenT is the signal propagating along the furnace wallTransmission time, t, corresponding to the ultrasonic receiving probeiFor transmitting the i-th data of the signal along the furnace wall to the corresponding transmission time of the ultrasonic receiving probe, AtiThe amplitude of the ith data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, and m is the number of data selected from the signal transmitted along the furnace wall;
s2.3: substituting the coefficient of the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe into the formula of the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe to obtain the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe;
s2.4: setting a threshold according to the detection condition, wherein a calculation formula of the threshold specifically comprises:
K＝2max{fj(t1)-A1,fj(t2)-A2,…,fj(tm)-Am}
wherein: k is the threshold value, fj(t1) Least squares function value for the first data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, A1For transmitting the amplitude of the first data in the signal along the furnace wall, fj(t2) A least squares function value for the second data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, A2For transmitting the amplitude, f, of the second data in the signal along the furnace wallj(tm) Least squares function value of m-th data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by j-th ultrasonic receiving probe, AmThe amplitude of the mth data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, wherein m is the number of data selected from the signal transmitted along the furnace wall;
s2.5: and comparing the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe with the amplitude of the signals actually received by each ultrasonic receiving probe at different moments to obtain a difference value between the two values, comparing the difference value corresponding to each moment with a threshold value, and determining the difference value larger than the threshold value from the difference value, wherein the moment corresponding to the difference value larger than the threshold value is the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the signals transmitted in the furnace.
Further, in step S3, the ultrasonic receiving probe above the melt interface is determined as follows:
s3.1: calculating the receiving time difference of the transmission signals in the furnace corresponding to the upper and lower adjacent ultrasonic receiving probes according to the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe when receiving the transmission signals in the furnace;
s3.2: setting a preset time threshold, wherein a calculation formula of the preset time threshold specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002395986000000081
wherein: c is a preset time threshold value, R is the inner diameter of the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace,
Figure BDA0002395986000000082
for the ultrasonic receiving probe array from top to bottom1+1 probe is far from the height position of the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace,
Figure BDA0002395986000000083
for the ultrasonic receiving probe array from top to bottom1+2 height of probe from bottom in plasma gasifier, N1For the number of ultrasonic receiving probes, V, arranged above the height of the plasma torch of the plasma gasifierrIs the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the melt;
s3.3: comparing the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time difference corresponding to the two adjacent upper and lower ultrasonic receiving probes with a preset time threshold, and determining the two corresponding ultrasonic receiving probes when the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time difference is greater than the preset time threshold for the first time from all the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time differences according to the arrangement sequence of the ultrasonic receiving probes from bottom to top, wherein the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above and other ultrasonic receiving probes positioned above the ultrasonic receiving probe are both the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above a melting interface.
Further, in step S4, the height position of the melt from the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace is determined as follows:
s4.1: according to the relation between the position of the ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface and the signal receiving time, determining the height position of the melt corresponding to each ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, specifically:
Figure BDA0002395986000000091
wherein: d is the wall thickness of the plasma gasification furnace, VLThe propagation velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the furnace wall, HiThe height position V of the melt corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the inner bottom of the plasma gasification furnacerAlpha is the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave refracting from below to above the melt interface, SiThe height position V of the ith ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnacekBeta is the angle of refraction of the ultrasonic wave from below to above the melt interface, TiThe receiving time of a transmission signal in the furnace corresponding to an ith ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above a melting interface is shown, R is the inner diameter of the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace, and gamma is a refractive index;
s4.2: according to the height position of the melt corresponding to all the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, the height position of the final melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace is determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002395986000000101
wherein: h is the height position of the final melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, M is the total number of ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface, HiThe height position of the melt corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the detection system and the detection method of the invention consider the influence of the same-frequency ultrasonic signals transmitted through the furnace wall, obtain the receiving time of the transmission signals in each receiving probe furnace through processing, obtain the probe positioned above the melting interface through comparing the time difference of adjacent probes with a threshold value, simultaneously obtain the results of a plurality of melting interface positions by respectively calculating the receiving time and the formula of a plurality of upper probes, and obtain the position of the melting interface by averaging the results, thereby detecting the interface position of the melt in the plasma gasification furnace in real time, conveniently controlling the speed of feeding and discharging materials in time and greatly improving the combustion efficiency of the garbage fly ash.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hardware components of the detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of the detection method of the present invention;
the numbers in the figures correspond to part names:
101. a control system; 102. a signal transmitting device; 103. a signal receiving device; 201. a control unit; 202. a signal conditioning unit; 203. a data acquisition unit; 204. and a data storage unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are a subset of the embodiments of the invention and are not all embodiments of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined or illustrated in one figure, it will not need to be further discussed or illustrated in detail in the description of the following figure.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a plasma gasification furnace melt interface monitoring device based on the transmission characteristic difference of ultrasonic medium, which comprises a control system 101, a signal transmitting device 102 and a signal receiving device 103. The control system 101 is configured to control the signal transmitting device 102 to transmit an ultrasonic signal, acquire data of the signal receiving device 103, obtain receiving time of a furnace transmission signal in each path of acquired signals, and calculate a position of a melt interface according to the receiving time of the furnace transmission signal in each path of acquired signals.
Referring to fig. 2, the control system 101 includes a control unit 201, a signal conditioning unit 202, a data acquisition unit 203, and a data storage unit 204, the signal receiving device 103 is electrically connected to the signal conditioning unit 202, the signal conditioning unit 202 is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit 203, the data acquisition unit 203 is electrically connected to the control unit 201, and the control unit 201 is electrically connected to the data storage unit 204 and the signal transmitting device 102. In this embodiment, the control unit 201 selects a PC, and the data acquisition unit 203 selects a NIUSB6353 data acquisition card.
The signal emitting device 102 is installed on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace, and is used for receiving a sending instruction of the control system 101 and emitting an ultrasonic pulse signal according to the sending instruction. Specifically, the signal transmitting device 102 includes a single chip, a power amplifier, and an ultrasonic transmitting probe, wherein the single chip is configured to receive a transmitting instruction of the control system 101, and send an excitation signal to the power amplifier according to the transmitting instruction, the power amplifier amplifies the excitation signal and transmits the amplified excitation signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe transmits an ultrasonic signal according to the amplified excitation signal.
The signal receiving device 103 and the signal transmitting device 102 are similarly positioned and are also installed on the outer side wall of the plasma gasification furnace, but the signal receiving device 103 and the signal transmitting device 102 are opposite in the radial direction, and the height of the ultrasonic receiving probe array on the outer side wall of the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace is not less than the height of a melting interface in the plasma gasification furnace. Specifically, the signal receiving device 103 includes an ultrasonic receiving probe array including N ultrasonic receiving probes, N is not less than 4 and N is an integer, and N is provided above the plasma torch height of the plasma gasification furnace1An ultrasonic receiving probe, N is also arranged at the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace2An ultrasonic wave receiving probe of, wherein N1≥2,N2More than or equal to 2, and the N ultrasonic receiving probes are distributed at equal intervals vertically. Meanwhile, the signal receiving device 103 is used for receiving the ultrasonic signal transmitted by the signal transmitting device 102 after passing through the melt.
In the present embodiment, when the ultrasonic receiving probe is located above the melt interface, the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal transmitted from the signal transmitting device 102 through the melt and then from above the melt interface. When the ultrasonic receiving probe is positioned below the melting interface, the ultrasonic receiving probe receives an ultrasonic signal transmitted by the signal transmitting device 102 and transmitted from the lower part of the melting interface after passing through the melt. However, the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal propagating through the furnace wall first, regardless of whether the ultrasonic receiving probe is located above the melt interface or below the melt interface.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present embodiment. When the position of the fusion interface is fixed, the propagation path of the signal received by each ultrasonic receiving probe is correspondingly fixed. Along with the change of the position of the melting interface, the propagation path of the signals received by the probe above the melting interface also changes correspondingly, so that the receiving time of the signals transmitted in the furnace changes, but the position of the melting interface is calculated by the time of the signals transmitted in the furnace and the formula of the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface, because the position of the melting interface corresponds to the time of the ultrasonic receiving probes for receiving the signals transmitted in the furnace one by one.
The time for each ultrasonic receiving probe to receive the transmission signal in the furnace means, for the ultrasonic receiving probe above the melt interface: ultrasonic waves are initially received from above the melt interface after passing through the melt. The ultrasonic receiving probe below the melting interface refers to: ultrasonic waves coming from below the melt interface begin to be received.
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment further provides a detection method of a system for detecting a position of a melting interface of a plasma gasification furnace based on ultrasonic waves, where the detection method specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: the ultrasonic transmitting probe in the signal transmitting device 102 is installed on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace, the N ultrasonic receiving probes in the signal receiving device 103 are vertically and equidistantly arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace opposite to the ultrasonic transmitting probe along the radial direction, N is more than or equal to 4 and is an integer, and N is arranged above the height position of a plasma torch of the plasma gasification furnace1An ultrasonic receiving probe, N is also arranged at the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace2An ultrasonic wave receiving probe of, wherein N1≥2,N2≥2。
Meanwhile, the control system 101 controls the signal transmitting device 102 to transmit an ultrasonic detection signal into the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace. That is, the control unit 201PC controls the single chip to send out an excitation signal, and after the excitation signal is amplified by the power amplifier, the excitation signal drives the ultrasonic emission probe to emit an ultrasonic detection signal into the furnace wall.
In this embodiment, the signal transmitter 102 may adjust the power of the output ultrasonic wave by a power amplifier, so that it is ensured that the signal receiver 103 can receive the ultrasonic wave signal propagating from above and below the melt.
Step S2: the signal receiving device 103 receives the ultrasonic propagation signal, and sends the ultrasonic propagation signal to the signal conditioning unit 202 in the control system 101 for amplification and band-pass filtering, and then performs real-time multi-channel synchronous acquisition by the data acquisition unit 203NIUSB6353 data acquisition card, and the control unit 201PC may process the acquired data, thereby obtaining the receiving time when each ultrasonic receiving probe receives the transmission signal in the furnace.
The signals received by the ultrasonic receiving probe can be divided into two parts according to the receiving sequence, wherein the two parts are respectively: signals propagating along the furnace wall, and aliased signals of the transmitted signals within the furnace. Because the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the air above the melting interface is far less than that of the ultrasonic wave in the melt, and the transmission signal in the furnace can be received by the ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface and also can be received by the ultrasonic receiving probe below the melting interface, at the same ultrasonic receiving probe, the signal propagating along the furnace wall reaches the ultrasonic receiving probe before the transmission signal in the furnace, and then one ultrasonic receiving probe starts to receive the transmission signal in the furnace after receiving the signal propagating along the furnace wall within a certain time, and when the transmission signal in the furnace starts to be received, the signal propagating along the furnace wall and the transmission signal in the furnace start to be mixed, that is, the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the transmission signal in the furnace is the time when the mixed signal starts to be mixed. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S2.1: according to the furnace wall propagation signal propagating along the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace, the signal propagating along the furnace wall is expressed by a least square function, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002395986000000151
wherein: f. ofj(t) is a least squares function of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj1Coefficient of t corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj2T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe2Coefficient of (a)j3T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe3Coefficient of (a)jnT corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probenT is the transmission time of the signal propagating along the furnace wall to the ultrasonic receiving probe, and j is the index of the ultrasonic receiving probe.
Step S2.2: according to m data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, the least square function value f of the signal transmitted along the furnace wall is received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe through the point of each data value in the signal transmitted along the furnace wallj(t) the minimum value of the sum of the squares of the distances of each point on the (t) can determine the least square function value f of the signal transmitted along the furnace wall and received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probejThe coefficient of (t) is specifically:
Figure RE-GDA0002451782980000111
wherein: f. ofj(ti) Least squares function of ith data in signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj1Coefficient of t corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj2T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe2Coefficient of (a)j3T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe3Coefficient of (a)jnT corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probenT is the corresponding transmission time of the signal propagating along the furnace wall to the ultrasonic receiving probe, tiFor transmitting the ith data of the signal along the furnace wall to the corresponding ultrasonic receiving probeThe time of transmission is such that,
Figure BDA0002395986000000162
is the amplitude of the ith data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, and m is the number of data selected from the signal transmitted along the furnace wall.
Step S2.3: the least square function value f of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe in the step S2.2jAnd (t) substituting the coefficient into the least square function value formula of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe in the step S2.1 to obtain the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe.
Step S2.4: setting a threshold value K according to the detection condition, wherein a calculation formula of the threshold value K specifically comprises the following steps:
K＝2max{fj(t1)-A1,fj(t2)-A2,…,fj(tm)-Am}
wherein: k is the threshold value, fj(t1) Least squares function value for the first data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, A1For transmitting the amplitude of the first data in the signal along the furnace wall, fj(t2) A least squares function value for the second data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, A2For transmitting the amplitude, f, of the second data in the signal along the furnace wallj(tm) Least squares function value of m-th data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by j-th ultrasonic receiving probe, AmIs the amplitude of the mth data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, and m is the number of data selected from the signal transmitted along the furnace wall.
Step S2.5: and comparing the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe with the amplitude of the signals actually received by each ultrasonic receiving probe at different moments to obtain the difference value between the two-times function value corresponding to the received signals at each moment and the actual received signal value at each moment, comparing the difference value corresponding to each moment with a threshold value K, and determining the difference value larger than the threshold value K, wherein the moment corresponding to the difference value larger than the threshold value K is the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the signals transmitted in the furnace.
Step S3: determining the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface according to the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe when receiving the transmission signal in the furnace, which comprises the following specific steps:
step S3.1: and calculating the receiving time difference of the transmission signals in the furnace corresponding to the upper and lower adjacent ultrasonic receiving probes according to the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe in the furnace determined in the step S2.5 when receiving the transmission signals in the furnace.
Step S3.2: setting a preset time threshold value C, wherein a calculation formula of the preset time threshold value C specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002395986000000171
wherein: c is a preset time threshold value, R is the inner diameter of the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace,
Figure BDA0002395986000000172
for the ultrasonic receiving probe array from top to bottom1+1 probe is far from the height position of the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace,
Figure BDA0002395986000000173
for the ultrasonic receiving probe array from top to bottom1+2 height of probe from bottom in plasma gasifier, N1For the number of ultrasonic receiving probes, V, arranged above the height of the plasma torch of the plasma gasifierrIs the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves in the melt.
Step S3.3: comparing the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time difference obtained in the step S3.1 and corresponding to the two adjacent upper and lower ultrasonic receiving probes with the preset time threshold C calculated in the step S3.2, determining the two ultrasonic receiving probes corresponding to the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time difference which is greater than the preset time threshold for the first time from the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time differences corresponding to all the two adjacent upper and lower ultrasonic receiving probes according to the arrangement sequence of the ultrasonic receiving probes from bottom to top, wherein the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above and other ultrasonic receiving probes above the ultrasonic receiving probe are all the ultrasonic receiving probes positioned above the fusion interface in the determined two ultrasonic receiving probes.
Step S4: the control system 101 calculates the position of the melt interface corresponding to each ultrasonic receiving probe located above the melt interface by using the relationship between the position of the ultrasonic receiving probe located above the melt interface and the signal receiving time, and obtains the final melt interface position by averaging. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S4.1: according to the relation between the position of the ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface and the signal receiving time, the height position of the melt corresponding to each ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace is determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002395986000000181
wherein: d is the wall thickness of the plasma gasification furnace, VLThe propagation velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the furnace wall, HiThe height position V of the melt corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the inner bottom of the plasma gasification furnacerAlpha is the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave refracting from below to above the melt interface, SiThe height position V of the ith ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnacekBeta is the angle of refraction of the ultrasonic wave from below to above the melt interface, TiThe receiving time of the transmission signal in the furnace corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above the melting interface is shown, R is the inner diameter of the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace, and gamma is the refractive index.
Step S4.2: according to the height position of the melt corresponding to all the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, the height position of the final melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace is determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002395986000000191
wherein: h is the height position of the final melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, M is the total number of ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface, HiThe height position of the melt corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace.
The position results of a plurality of initial melt interfaces are obtained by calculating the receiving time of a plurality of probes above the melting interface, and then the average value is obtained, so that the problem that the error of the calculation result of a single probe is large can be avoided, and the detection accuracy is improved.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described in an illustrative manner, and are not to be considered limiting, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which are merely exemplary embodiments of the invention and not limiting of the actual constructions and methods. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, the structural modes and embodiments similar to the technical solutions are not creatively designed without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A plasma gasification furnace melt interface monitoring device based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference is characterized by comprising a control system (101), a signal transmitting device (102) and a signal receiving device (103), wherein the control system (101) is used for controlling the signal transmitting device (102) to transmit an ultrasonic signal, and simultaneously acquiring data of the signal receiving device (103) to acquire the receiving time of a furnace transmission signal in each path of acquired signal;
the signal transmitting device (102) is arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace bottom of the plasma gasification furnace and is used for receiving a sending instruction of the control system (101) and transmitting an ultrasonic pulse signal;
the signal receiving device (103) is installed on the outer side wall of the plasma gasification furnace, is opposite to the signal transmitting device (102) in the radial direction and is used for receiving ultrasonic signals transmitted by the signal transmitting device (102), meanwhile, the signal receiving device (103) comprises an ultrasonic receiving probe array, the ultrasonic receiving probe array comprises N ultrasonic receiving probes, N is larger than or equal to 4 and is an integer, at least two ultrasonic receiving probes are arranged above the height position of a plasma torch of the plasma gasification furnace, at least two ultrasonic receiving probes are also arranged at the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace, and the N ultrasonic receiving probes are distributed at equal intervals vertically.
2. The device for monitoring the melt interface of the plasma gasification furnace based on the difference of the transmission characteristics of the ultrasonic medium is characterized in that the control system (101) comprises a control unit (201), a signal conditioning unit (202), a data acquisition unit (203) and a data storage unit (204), wherein the signal receiving device (103) is electrically connected with the signal conditioning unit (202), the signal conditioning unit (202) is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit (203), the data acquisition unit (203) is electrically connected with the control unit (201), and the control unit (201) is electrically connected with the data storage unit (204) and the signal transmitting device (102).
3. The device for monitoring the melt interface of the plasma gasification furnace based on the transmission characteristic difference of the ultrasonic medium according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal transmitting device (102) comprises a single chip microcomputer, a power amplifier and an ultrasonic transmitting probe, the single chip microcomputer receives a transmitting instruction of the control system (101) and sends an excitation signal to the power amplifier according to the transmitting instruction, the power amplifier amplifies the excitation signal and then transmits the amplified excitation signal to the ultrasonic transmitting probe, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe transmits the ultrasonic signal according to the amplified excitation signal.
4. A method for detecting a melt interface of a plasma gasification furnace based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that an ultrasonic transmitting probe in a signal transmitting device (102) is installed on the outer side wall of the bottom of a plasma gasification furnace, N ultrasonic receiving probes in a signal receiving device (103) are vertically arranged on the outer side wall of the plasma gasification furnace opposite to the ultrasonic transmitting probe in the radial direction at equal intervals, N is larger than or equal to 4 and is an integer, no less than two ultrasonic receiving probes are arranged above the height position of a plasma torch of the plasma gasification furnace, no less than two ultrasonic receiving probes are also arranged at the bottom of the plasma gasification furnace, and meanwhile a control system (101) controls the signal transmitting device (102) to transmit ultrasonic detection signals into the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace;
s2: the signal receiving device (103) receives ultrasonic propagation signals, and sends the ultrasonic propagation signals to a signal conditioning unit (202) in a control system (101) for processing, then real-time multipath synchronous acquisition is carried out through a data acquisition unit (203) in the control system (101), and a control unit (201) in the control system (101) processes the acquired data to obtain the receiving time when each ultrasonic receiving probe receives the transmission signals in the furnace;
s3: determining the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface according to the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe when receiving the transmission signal in the furnace;
s4: and the control system (101) determines the height position of the melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace through the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above the melting interface receives the transmission signal in the furnace.
5. The method for detecting the interface of the melt in the plasma gasification furnace based on the difference of the transmission characteristics of the ultrasonic medium according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe when receiving the transmission signal in the furnace is obtained, the receiving signals of the ultrasonic receiving probes are a signal propagating along the furnace wall, a signal propagating along the furnace wall and an aliasing signal of the transmission signal in the furnace in sequence, and the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the transmission signal in the furnace is the time when the aliasing signal starts to occur, specifically:
s2.1: and representing the signal propagating along the furnace wall by a least square function, specifically:
fj(t)＝aj1t+aj2t2+aj3t3+…+ajntn
wherein: f. ofj(t) is a least squares function of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj1Coefficient of t corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj2T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe2Coefficient of (a)j3T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe3Coefficient of (a)jnT corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probenT is the corresponding transmission time from the signal propagating along the furnace wall to the ultrasonic receiving probe, and j is the label of the ultrasonic receiving probe;
s2.2: determining the coefficient of the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe by using the data value points of the data and the minimum value of the distance square sum of each point in the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by each ultrasonic receiving probe through m data in the signals transmitted along the furnace wall, and specifically comprising the following steps:
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000031
wherein: f. ofj(ti) Least squares function of ith data in signals transmitted along the furnace wall received by jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj1Coefficient of t corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe, aj2T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe2Coefficient of (a)j3T corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probe3Coefficient of (a)jnT corresponding to jth ultrasonic receiving probenT is the corresponding transmission time of the signal propagating along the furnace wall to the ultrasonic receiving probe, tiIn order to transmit the ith data in the signal along the furnace wall to the corresponding transmission time of the ultrasonic receiving probe,
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000032
the amplitude of the ith data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, and m is the number of data selected from the signal transmitted along the furnace wall;
s2.3: substituting the coefficient of the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe into the formula of the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe to obtain the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe;
s2.4: setting a threshold according to the detection condition, wherein a calculation formula of the threshold specifically comprises:
K＝2max{fj(t1)-A1,fj(t2)-A2,…,fj(tm)-Am}
wherein: k is the threshold value, fj(t1) Least squares function value for the first data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, A1For transmitting the amplitude of the first data in the signal along the furnace wall, fj(t2) A least squares function value for the second data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by the jth ultrasonic receiving probe, A2For transmitting the amplitude, f, of the second data in the signal along the furnace wallj(tm) Least squares function value of m-th data in the transmitted signal along the furnace wall received by j-th ultrasonic receiving probe, AmThe amplitude of the mth data in the signal transmitted along the furnace wall, wherein m is the number of data selected from the signal transmitted along the furnace wall;
s2.5: and comparing the least square function value of the signals transmitted along the furnace wall and received by each ultrasonic receiving probe with the amplitude of the signals actually received by each ultrasonic receiving probe at different moments to obtain a difference value between the two values, comparing the difference value corresponding to each moment with a threshold value, and determining the difference value larger than the threshold value from the difference value, wherein the moment corresponding to the difference value larger than the threshold value is the receiving time when the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the signals transmitted in the furnace.
6. A plasma gasification furnace melt interface detection method based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference according to claim 5, characterized in that in step S3, an ultrasonic receiving probe above the melt interface is determined, specifically as follows:
s3.1: calculating the receiving time difference of the transmission signals in the furnace corresponding to the upper and lower adjacent ultrasonic receiving probes according to the receiving time of each ultrasonic receiving probe when receiving the transmission signals in the furnace;
s3.2: setting a preset time threshold, wherein a calculation formula of the preset time threshold specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000041
wherein: c is a preset time threshold value, R is the inner diameter of the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace,
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000042
for the ultrasonic receiving probe array from top to bottom1+1 probe is far from the height position of the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace,
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000043
for the ultrasonic receiving probe array from top to bottom1+2 height of probe from bottom in plasma gasifier, N1For ultrasonic receiving probes arranged above the level of the plasma torch of a plasma gasifierNumber of heads, VrIs the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the melt;
s3.3: comparing the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time difference corresponding to the two adjacent upper and lower ultrasonic receiving probes with a preset time threshold, and determining the two corresponding ultrasonic receiving probes when the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time difference is greater than the preset time threshold for the first time from all the in-furnace transmission signal receiving time differences according to the arrangement sequence of the ultrasonic receiving probes from bottom to top, wherein the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above and other ultrasonic receiving probes positioned above the ultrasonic receiving probe are both the ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above a melting interface.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S4, the height of the melt from the bottom of the furnace is determined as follows:
s4.1: according to the relation between the position of the ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface and the signal receiving time, determining the height position of the melt corresponding to each ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, specifically:
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000044
wherein: d is the wall thickness of the plasma gasification furnace, VLThe propagation velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the furnace wall, HiThe height position V of the melt corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the inner bottom of the plasma gasification furnacerAlpha is the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave refracting from below to above the melt interface, SiThe height position V of the ith ultrasonic receiving probe above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnacekBeta is the angle of refraction of the ultrasonic wave from below to above the melt interface, TiThe receiving time of a transmission signal in the furnace corresponding to an ith ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above a melting interface is shown, R is the inner diameter of the furnace wall of the plasma gasification furnace, and gamma is a refractive index;
s4.2: according to the height position of the melt corresponding to all the ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, the height position of the final melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace is determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure RE-FDA0002495689750000051
wherein: h is the height position of the final melt from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace, M is the total number of ultrasonic receiving probes above the melting interface, HiThe height position of the melt corresponding to the ith ultrasonic receiving probe positioned above the melting interface from the bottom in the plasma gasification furnace.
CN202010131805.5A 2020-02-29 2020-02-29 Monitoring device and detection method for plasma gasification furnace melt interface based on ultrasonic medium transmission characteristic difference Pending CN113324625A (en)

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