CN113324260B - Open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system and method for improving boiler efficiency - Google Patents

Open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system and method for improving boiler efficiency Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113324260B
CN113324260B CN202110358077.6A CN202110358077A CN113324260B CN 113324260 B CN113324260 B CN 113324260B CN 202110358077 A CN202110358077 A CN 202110358077A CN 113324260 B CN113324260 B CN 113324260B
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tower
solution
flue gas
air preheater
boiler
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CN113324260A (en
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白亮
徐敬玉
赵晓光
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Haomu Shanghai Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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Haomu Shanghai Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/263—Drying gases or vapours by absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial environmental protection and energy conservation, and particularly relates to an open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system and method for improving boiler efficiency. The invention provides a method for improving boiler efficiency, which comprises the following steps: step 1: spraying the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler in an absorption tower by using a specific solution, and directly discharging the sprayed flue gas; step 2: a specific solution for absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters an air preheater tower through a first circulation loop to spray fresh air, and the sprayed fresh air directly enters a boiler; the sprayed specific solution returns to the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower. According to the invention, the specific solution is used for absorbing the moisture and the heat of the flue gas in the absorption tower, then the fresh air is generated in the air preheater tower, and the moisture and the heat are transferred to the fresh air, so that the flue gas is purified, and the fresh air is not required to be preheated by additionally inputting the heat, so that the thermal efficiency of the boiler is improved by 8-12%.

Description

Open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system and method for improving boiler efficiency
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial environmental protection and energy conservation, and particularly relates to an open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system and method for improving boiler efficiency.
Background
The boiler is an energy conversion device, and fuel is input into the boiler, so that the boiler outputs steam, high-temperature water or an organic heat carrier with certain heat energy for industrial production and people's life. Before entering the boiler, the air enters an air preheater to be heated to a certain temperature, and then carries fuel to be sprayed into a hearth through a burner; the prior air preheater is generally divided into three types, namely a plate type preheater, a rotary type preheater and a tubular type preheater; non-contact heating with additional water or water vapor is required; because the fresh air volume is huge, a lot of energy needs to be additionally consumed, and the heat cannot be completely taken away.
The heat loss of the boiler due to exhaust smoke is the largest one of the heat losses of the boiler, and whether the heat energy (sensible heat of the flue gas and latent heat of water vapor) in the flue gas can be utilized to the maximum extent or not directly influences the efficiency of the boiler; the water vapor in the flue gas generally releases latent heat below 60 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas needs to be reduced to fully utilize two heat energies in the flue gas. If the dividing wall type heat exchange devices such as the air preheater are directly adopted, the required heat exchange equipment is large in size, more electric energy is consumed in order to overcome smoke resistance, and the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection are not met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving efficiency of a boiler, comprising the steps of:
step 1: spraying flue gas at the outlet of the boiler in an absorption tower by using a specific solution, and directly discharging the sprayed flue gas;
step 2: the specific solution for absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters an air preheater tower through a first circulation loop to spray fresh air, and the sprayed fresh air directly enters a boiler; and the sprayed specific solution returns to the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower.
As a preferred technical scheme, a heat exchange device is arranged in the first circulation loop.
As a preferred technical scheme, the second circulation loop is provided with a replenishing device, and moisture and heat which are not generated by fresh air in the specific solution are transferred to at least one fluid through the replenishing device; the supplementary device is a generator and/or a heat exchange device.
As a preferred embodiment, the specific solution is a clear water and/or an alkali metal salt solution.
As a preferred technical solution, in step 1: the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is sprayed once by clean water in the section A of the absorption tower, and sprayed by alkali metal salt solution in the section B of the absorption tower in sequence, the sprayed clean water enters the section A of the absorption tower again through a third circulation loop, and the flue gas after secondary spraying is directly discharged.
As a preferable technical solution, a liquid storage tank and a heat exchange device are arranged in the third circulation loop.
As a preferred technical solution, in step 2: the alkali metal salt solution for absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters the section A of the air preheater through the first circulation loop, and primary spraying is carried out on fresh air; the alkali metal salt solution after primary spraying returns to the section A of the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower, and then returns to the section B of the air preheater tower through pipelines respectively to carry out secondary spraying on the fresh air after primary spraying and returns to the section B of the absorption tower to carry out secondary spraying on the flue gas, and the fresh air after secondary spraying directly enters a boiler.
As a preferable technical scheme, the step 2 further comprises returning the alkali metal salt solution sprayed by the section B of the air preheater to the bottom of the section A of the air preheater through a pipeline, and returning the alkali metal salt solution to the section A of the air preheater through a second circulation loop.
The invention provides an open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system matched with a method for improving the efficiency of a boiler, which comprises the boiler, an absorption tower, an air preheater, a heat exchange device A and a supplement device;
the boiler comprises a flue gas outlet and a hot air inlet;
the absorption tower comprises a flue gas inlet, a flue gas discharge outlet, an absorption tower solution inlet and a first specific solution spraying device; the flue gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected with a flue gas outlet pipeline of the boiler; wherein, the flue gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the absorption tower, the flue gas discharge port is arranged at the top of the absorption tower, and the solution inlet of the absorption tower and the first specific solution spray device are arranged at the upper part of the absorption tower;
the air preheater tower comprises a fresh air inlet, a hot air outlet, an air preheater tower solution inlet, an air preheater tower solution outlet and a second specific solution spraying device; the hot air outlet is connected with a hot air inlet pipeline of the boiler.
The heat exchange device A, the solution outlet of the absorption tower and the solution inlet of the air pre-tower form a first circulation loop; and the solution outlet of the air preheater tower, the supplementing device and the concentrated solution inlet of the air preheater tower form a second circulation loop.
As a preferred embodiment, in the first circulation circuit: the solution outlet of the absorption tower is connected with a solution inlet pipeline of a heat exchange device A, and the solution outlet of the heat exchange device A is connected with a solution inlet pipeline of an air pre-tower; in the second circulation loop: the solution outlet of the air preheater tower is connected with the solution inlet pipeline of the supplementing device, and the solution outlet of the supplementing device is connected with the concentrated solution inlet pipeline of the air preheater tower.
Has the advantages that: (1) the water and heat of the flue gas are absorbed by the specific solution in the absorption tower, then the fresh air is generated in the air preheater tower, and the water and the heat are transferred to the fresh air, so that the flue gas is purified, and the fresh air is not required to be preheated by additionally inputting heat, so that the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved by 8-12%;
(2) besides being used for fresh air, the recovered heat can also be used for heating systems needing heat, such as boiler water supply or heating water; the recovered water can be used for domestic water or industrial water.
(3) The devices of the invention can be flexibly placed, and the space utilization rate is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of mass and heat transfer in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram for improving boiler efficiency of example 2;
description of the symbols: 1-a boiler; 2-an absorption column; 21-absorption tower section a; 22-absorber B section 22; 211-flue gas inlet; 212-clear water inlet; 213-clear water outlet; 214-clear water spray device; 221-absorption tower solution inlet; 222-an absorption tower solution outlet; 223-a first specific solution spraying device; 224-flue gas discharge; 225-a first barrier; 3-air pre-tower; 31-air preheater tower section a; 32-air preheater tower B section; 311-a second specific solution spraying device; 312-fresh air inlet; 313-air pre-column solution inlet; 314-empty pre-column solution outlet; 321-a third specific solution spraying device; 322-hot air outlet; 323-a second barrier; 4-heat exchange device A; 5-a liquid storage tank; 6-heat exchange device B; 7-heat exchange means C; 8-a generator; 9-steam input; 10-mother pipe.
Detailed Description
For purposes of the following detailed description, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. Moreover, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing, for example, quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for improving boiler efficiency, comprising the steps of:
step 1: spraying flue gas at the outlet of the boiler in an absorption tower by using a specific solution, and directly discharging the sprayed flue gas;
step 2: the specific solution for absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters an air preheater tower through a first circulation loop to spray fresh air, and the sprayed fresh air directly enters a boiler; and the sprayed specific solution returns to the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower.
In the step 1: the boiler outlet flue gas is high-temperature and high-humidity flue gas, preferably flue gas of a gas boiler or flue gas desulfurized by a coal-fired boiler; the temperature of the flue gas is 40-200 ℃.
The special solution is in direct contact with the flue gas in the spraying process, water and heat in the flue gas are absorbed, water vapor in the flue gas is changed from a gas state to a liquid state, a large amount of latent heat of vaporization is released into the special solution, and the flue gas is changed into clean and dry flue gas to be discharged.
The specific solution is clear water and/or an alkali metal salt solution. The alkali metal salts include but are not limited to LiCl, LiI, LiBr, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KBr, KCl, KI.
In the step 2: a heat exchange device is arranged in the first circulation loop, and the specific solution absorbing water and heat in the flue gas transfers part of heat through the heat exchange device and then enters the air preheater tower; through spraying and direct contact with fresh air, the fresh air absorbs most of moisture and heat in the specific solution, and the moisture and heat become unsaturated high-temperature hot air to enter the boiler, so that the boiler efficiency is increased.
The fresh air is air with the temperature of less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the moisture content of less than or equal to 30g/kg.
The temperature of the unsaturated high-temperature hot air is more than or equal to 40 ℃.
The arrangement of the absorption tower and the air preheater tower is not particularly required, the absorption tower and the air preheater tower can be separately arranged or can be arranged in a superposed manner, and a proper arrangement mode is selected according to the requirements of a factory building, for example, in order to save space, the absorption tower and the air preheater tower can be arranged in a superposed manner; further, the absorption tower is superposed above the air preheater.
The second circulation loop is provided with a replenishing device, and moisture and heat which are not generated by fresh air are transferred to at least one fluid through the replenishing device. Preferably, the supplementing device is a generator and/or a heat exchange device, water and heat are transferred by utilizing an external heat source, the water can be recycled, and the transferred heat is used for heating a cold source.
An open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system matched with the method for improving the efficiency of the boiler comprises the boiler, an absorption tower, an air preheater tower, a heat exchange device A and a supplement device;
the boiler comprises a flue gas outlet and a hot air inlet;
the absorption tower comprises a flue gas inlet, a flue gas discharge outlet, an absorption tower solution inlet and a first specific solution spraying device; the flue gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected with a flue gas outlet pipeline of the boiler; the absorption tower comprises an absorption tower, a first specific solution spraying device, a flue gas outlet, a flue gas discharge port, an absorption tower solution inlet, a first specific solution spraying device, a second specific solution spraying device, a flue gas outlet, a flue gas exhaust port and a flue gas exhaust port, wherein the flue gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the absorption tower;
the air preheater tower comprises a fresh air inlet, a hot air outlet, an air preheater tower solution inlet, an air preheater tower solution outlet and a second specific solution spraying device; the hot air outlet is connected with a hot air inlet pipeline of the boiler;
further, the concentrated solution outlet of the air pre-tower is connected with the solution inlet of the absorption tower.
The heat exchange device A, the solution outlet of the absorption tower and the solution inlet of the air pre-tower form a first circulation loop; the solution outlet of the absorption tower is connected with the solution inlet pipeline of the heat exchange device A, and the solution outlet of the heat exchange device A is connected with the solution inlet pipeline of the air pre-cooling tower.
The solution outlet of the air preheater tower, the supplementing device and the concentrated solution inlet of the air preheater tower form a second circulation loop; the solution outlet of the air preheater tower is connected with the solution inlet pipeline of the supplementing device, and the solution outlet of the supplementing device is connected with the concentrated solution inlet pipeline of the air preheater tower.
As another embodiment, in step 1: and spraying the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler in an absorption tower by using clear water and an alkali metal salt solution, and directly discharging the sprayed flue gas.
Preferably, in step 1: the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is sequentially sprayed once by clean water in the section A of the absorption tower, sprayed for the second time by alkali metal salt solution in the section B of the absorption tower, the sprayed clean water enters the section A of the absorption tower again through a third circulation loop, and the flue gas after the second spraying is directly discharged;
the clean water is directly contacted with the flue gas through spraying, part of water vapor in the flue gas is condensed into the clean water, and meanwhile, the temperature of the clean water absorbs part of heat in the flue gas and rises;
and a liquid storage tank and a heat exchange device are arranged in the third circulation loop, the clear water which absorbs water in the flue gas and heat is discharged to condensate through the liquid storage tank, and partial heat is transferred through the heat exchange device to reenter the absorption tower to spray the flue gas.
As another embodiment, in step 2: the alkali metal salt solution absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters the section A of the air preheater tower through a first circulation loop to carry out primary spraying on fresh air; the alkali metal salt solution after primary spraying returns to the section A of the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower, and then returns to the section B of the air preheater tower through pipelines respectively to carry out secondary spraying on the fresh air after primary spraying and returns to the section B of the absorption tower to carry out secondary spraying on the flue gas, and the fresh air after secondary spraying directly enters a boiler.
And step 2, returning the alkali metal salt solution sprayed by the section B of the air preheater to the bottom of the section A of the air preheater through a pipeline, and returning the alkali metal salt solution to the section A of the air preheater through a second circulation loop.
Furthermore, the open type absorption and open type generation heat pump system matched with the method for improving the boiler efficiency comprises a boiler, an absorption tower, an air preheater tower, a heat exchange device A, a heat exchange device B, a heat exchange device C and a generator;
the boiler comprises a flue gas outlet and a hot air inlet;
the absorption tower is divided into an absorption tower A section and an absorption tower B section from bottom to top, the absorption tower A section comprises a flue gas inlet, a clear water outlet and a clear water spraying device, the flue gas inlet and the clear water outlet are both arranged at the bottom of the absorption tower A section, and the clear water inlet and the clear water spraying device are both arranged at the upper part of the absorption tower A section; the section B of the absorption tower comprises an absorption tower solution inlet, an absorption tower solution outlet, a first specific solution spraying device and a flue gas discharge port; the flue gas discharge port is arranged at the top end of the section B of the absorption tower, the solution inlet of the absorption tower and the first specific solution spraying device are arranged at the upper part of the section B of the absorption tower, and the solution outlet of the absorption tower is arranged at the lower part of the section B of the absorption tower; the flue gas inlet of the section A of the absorption tower is connected with a flue gas outlet pipeline of a boiler;
the air pre-tower is divided into an air pre-tower A section and an air pre-tower B section from bottom to top, the air pre-tower A section comprises a second specific solution spraying device, a fresh air inlet and an air pre-tower solution inlet, the second specific solution spraying device is arranged at the upper part of the air pre-tower A section, and the fresh air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the air pre-tower A section; the air preheater tower B section comprises a third specific solution spraying device and a hot air outlet, the third specific solution spraying device and the hot air outlet are arranged on the upper part of the air preheater tower B section, and the hot air outlet is positioned at the upstream of the third specific solution spraying device; the hot air outlet is connected with a hot air inlet pipeline of the boiler;
a solution outlet of the section B of the absorption tower is connected with a heat exchange device A, and a solution inlet of the section A of the air preheater tower is sequentially connected through a pipeline to form a first circulation loop; a clear water outlet of the section A of the absorption tower is sequentially connected with the liquid storage tank, the heat exchange device B and a clear water inlet of the section A of the absorption tower through pipelines to form a third circulation loop; and a solution outlet at the section A of the air preheater tower is sequentially connected with the heat exchange device C and a concentrated solution inlet at the section A of the air preheater tower through pipelines to form a second circulation loop.
The second circulation loop also comprises a generator, and the generator is connected with the heat exchange device C through a pipeline; the alkali metal salt solution preheated by the heat exchange device C absorbs heat in the generator, the evaporated water is changed into secondary steam, and the alkali metal salt solution is changed into concentrated solution and returns to the section A of the air preheater tower through the heat exchange device C again; and after the secondary steam is used as a heat source to heat the cold source, secondary condensate water is generated and recycled.
Because the fresh air in the air preheater can only transfer part of moisture in the alkali metal salt solution, the water vapor in the flue gas is gradually transferred through the repeated circulation of the second circulation loop, and the maximum utilization of resources is realized.
The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Examples
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an open absorption and open generation heat pump system for improving boiler efficiency comprises a boiler 1, an absorption tower 2, an air preheater tower 3, a heat exchange device A4 and a generator 8;
the boiler 1 comprises a flue gas outlet and a hot air inlet;
the absorption tower 2 comprises a flue gas inlet 211, a flue gas discharge port 224, an absorption tower solution inlet 221, an absorption tower solution outlet 222 and a first specific solution spraying device 223, wherein the flue gas discharge port 224 is arranged at the top end of the absorption tower 2, the absorption tower solution inlet 221 and the first specific solution spraying device 223 are both arranged at the upper part of the absorption tower 2, and the absorption tower solution outlet 222 is arranged at the lower part of the absorption tower 2; the flue gas inlet 211 of the absorption tower 2 is connected with a flue gas outlet pipeline of the boiler 1;
the air preheater tower 3 comprises a second specific solution spraying device 311, a fresh air inlet 312, an air preheater tower solution inlet 313, an air preheater tower solution outlet 314 and a hot air outlet 322, the second specific solution spraying device 311 is arranged at the upper part of the air preheater tower 3, and the fresh air inlet 312 is arranged at the bottom of the air preheater tower 2; the hot air outlet 322 is arranged at the upper part of the air preheater tower 2, and the hot air outlet 322 is positioned at the upstream of the second specific solution spraying device 311; the hot air outlet 322 is connected with a hot air inlet pipeline of the boiler 1;
the absorption tower solution outlet 222 is connected with the heat exchange device A4 and the air preheater solution inlet 313 in sequence through pipelines to form a first circulation loop; the solution outlet 314 of the air pre-tower is sequentially connected with the generator 8 and the concentrated solution inlet of the air pre-tower through pipelines to form a second circulation loop, the solution at the bottom of the air pre-tower returns to the bottom of the air pre-tower again after part of moisture is transferred by the generator, and then returns to the first specific solution spraying device of the absorption tower through a pipeline to spray the flue gas.
The input steam 9 provides a heat source for the generator 8, and the alkali metal salt solution transfers and recycles water in the generator 8 by using an external heat source; the heat transferred by the heat exchanging device 4 is used for heating boiler feed water or heating water and the like.
The method for improving the efficiency of the boiler comprises the following steps:
step 1: flue gas at the outlet of the boiler enters the absorption tower 2 through a flue gas inlet 211, is sprayed by a first specific solution spraying device 223 in the absorption tower 2, and the sprayed flue gas is directly discharged from a flue gas discharge port 224; wherein the first specific solution spraying means 223 sprays the alkali metal salt solution,
step 2: the alkali metal salt solution absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters the air preheater 3 through the first circulation loop to spray fresh air, and the sprayed fresh air directly enters the boiler through the hot air outlet 322; the sprayed alkali metal salt solution returns to the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, an open absorption and open generation heat pump system for improving boiler efficiency comprises a boiler, an absorption tower, an air preheater tower, a heat exchange device a, a heat exchange device B, a heat exchange device C and a generator;
the boiler 1 comprises a flue gas outlet and a hot air inlet;
the absorption tower 2 is divided into an absorption tower A section 21 and an absorption tower B section 22 from bottom to top, the absorption tower A section 21 comprises a flue gas inlet 211, a clear water inlet 212, a clear water outlet 213 and a clear water spray device 214, the flue gas inlet 211 and the clear water outlet 213 are both arranged at the bottom of the absorption tower A section 21, and the clear water inlet 212 and the clear water spray device 214 are both arranged at the upper part of the absorption tower A section 21; the absorption tower B section 22 comprises an absorption tower solution inlet 221, an absorption tower solution outlet 222, a first specific solution spraying device 223 and a flue gas discharge port 224; the flue gas discharge port 224 is arranged at the top end of the section B22 of the absorption tower, the solution inlet 221 of the absorption tower and the first specific solution spraying device 223 are both arranged at the upper part of the section B22 of the absorption tower, and the solution outlet 222 of the absorption tower is arranged at the lower part of the section B22 of the absorption tower; the flue gas inlet 211 of the section A21 of the absorption tower is connected with a flue gas outlet pipeline of the boiler 1;
the air pre-tower 3 is divided into an air pre-tower A section 31 and an air pre-tower B section 32 from bottom to top, the air pre-tower A section 31 comprises a second specific solution spraying device 311, a fresh air inlet 312, an air pre-tower solution inlet 313 and an air pre-tower solution outlet 314, the second specific solution spraying device 311 is arranged at the upper part of the air pre-tower A section, and the fresh air inlet 312 is arranged at the bottom of the air pre-tower A section; the air preheater B section 32 comprises a third specific solution spraying device 321 and a hot air outlet 322, wherein the third specific solution spraying device 321 and the hot air outlet 322 are arranged on the upper part of the air preheater B section 32, and the hot air outlet 322 is positioned at the upstream of the third specific solution spraying device 321; the hot air outlet 322 is connected with a hot air inlet pipeline of the boiler 1;
the absorption tower solution outlet 222 is connected with the heat exchange device A4 and the air preheater solution inlet 313 in sequence through pipelines to form a first circulation loop; a clear water outlet 213 of the section A of the absorption tower is sequentially connected with the liquid storage tank 5, the heat exchange device B6 and a clear water inlet 212 of the section A of the absorption tower through pipelines to form a third circulation loop; the solution outlet 314 of the air preheater tower is sequentially connected with the heat exchange device C7 and the concentrated solution inlet of the section A of the air preheater tower through pipelines to form a second circulation loop.
The second circulation loop further comprises a generator 8, and the generator 8 is connected with a heat exchange device C7 through a pipeline;
the first blocking device 225 is arranged at the bottom of the section B of the absorption tower, so that the alkali metal salt solution of the section B of the absorption tower cannot enter the section A of the absorption tower, and the flue gas of the section A of the absorption tower can enter the section B of the absorption tower for secondary spraying.
The second blocking device 323 is arranged at the bottom of the section B of the air preheater tower, so that the alkali metal salt solution of the section B of the air preheater tower cannot enter the section A of the air preheater tower, and the fresh air of the section A of the air preheater tower can enter the section B of the air preheater tower for secondary spraying.
The spray device top of absorption tower A section, absorption tower B section, air pre-tower A section, air pre-tower B section is provided with the defroster respectively and plays the effect that the defogging prevents the liquid that wafts, and the below all is provided with the filler increase vapour-liquid area of contact.
In this embodiment, one path of heating water returns to the main pipe 10 after passing through the heat exchange device B6, and the other path of heating water returns to the main pipe after sequentially passing through the heat exchange device A4 and the generator 8 for heating, so as to achieve the effect of waste heat recovery.
Steam 9 is input to provide a heat source for the generator 8, steam condensate is generated after heat exchange, and the steam condensate is recycled to the deaerator; the alkali metal salt solution preheated by the heat exchange device C7 absorbs heat in the generator 8, and the evaporated water is changed into secondary steam which is changed into secondary condensate water for recycling after exchanging heat with heating water; the alkali metal salt solution passing through the generator 8 becomes a concentrated solution and returns to the section A of the air preheater tower through the heat exchange device C again. The method for improving the efficiency of the boiler comprises the following steps:
step 1: the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is sequentially sprayed for the first time by a clean water spraying device 214 at the section A of the absorption tower, sprayed for the second time by a first specific solution spraying device 223 at the section B of the absorption tower, the sprayed clean water enters the clean water spraying device 214 at the section A of the absorption tower again through a third circulation loop to spray the flue gas, and the flue gas after the secondary spraying is directly discharged through a flue gas discharge port 224; wherein, the clear water is sprayed by the clear water spraying device 214, and the alkali metal salt solution is sprayed by the first specific solution spraying device 223;
step 2: the alkali metal salt solution absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters the section A of the air preheater tower through the first circulation loop, and the fresh air is sprayed for the first time through the second specific solution spraying device 311; the alkali metal salt solution after primary spraying returns to the section A of the air preheater through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower, and then returns to the section B of the air preheater tower through a pipeline respectively to carry out secondary spraying on the fresh air after primary spraying through a third specific solution spraying device 321 and return to the section B of the absorption tower to spray the flue gas through a first specific solution spraying device 223.
And step 2, returning the alkali metal salt solution sprayed by the section B of the air preheater to the bottom of the section A of the air preheater through a pipeline, and returning the alkali metal salt solution to the section A of the air preheater through a second circulation loop.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the section A of the absorption tower is 85 ℃, the dew point temperature is 60 ℃, and the flow rate is 834000Nm 3 H, moisture content 153.19g/kg. DA;
the temperature of the flue gas at the discharge outlet of the B section of the absorption tower is 40 ℃, the dew point temperature is 30 ℃, and the flow rate is 698400Nm 3 H, moisture content 27.22g/kg. DA;
the temperature of fresh air at the inlet of the section A of the air preheater is 0 ℃, the dew point temperature is-8 ℃, and the flow rate is 630000Nm 3 H, moisture content of 1.9g/kg. DA;
the temperature of the hot air at the outlet of the B section of the air preheater is 45.9 ℃, the dew point temperature is 34.6 ℃, and the flow rate is 664000Nm 3 H, moisture content 35.9g/kg. DA;
the temperature of clear water at the inlet of the section A of the absorption tower is 44.6 ℃, and the flow rate is 3466.11 t/h; the temperature of clear water at the outlet of the section A of the absorption tower is 57.6 ℃, and the flow rate is 3529 t/h; the temperature of clear water entering the heat exchange device B is 57.6 ℃, and the flow rate is 3466.11 t/h;
the solution temperature at the solution inlet of the section B of the absorption tower is 36.7 ℃, and the flow rate is 3183 t/h; the solution temperature at the solution outlet is 52.4 ℃, and the flow rate is 3229 t/h; the solution entering the section A of the air preheater tower is at the temperature of 49.3 ℃ and the flow rate of 3229t/h after passing through the heat exchange device A;
the solution temperature at the solution inlet of the B section of the air preheater tower is 36.7 ℃, and the flow rate is 1998.6 t/h; the solution temperature at the solution outlet is 37.7 ℃, and the flow rate is 2000 t/h;
the temperature of the solution entering the heat exchange device C (namely the solution at the outlet of the section A of the air preheater) at the section A of the air preheater is 36.7 ℃, and the flow rate is 200 t/h; the temperature of the solution which is discharged from the heat exchange device C and enters the generator is 88.8 ℃, and the flow rate is 200 t/h; the temperature of the solution which is discharged from the generator and enters the heat exchange device C is 115.5 ℃, and the flow rate is 180.8 t/h; the temperature of the solution (namely concentrated solution) from the heat exchange device C and returned to the section A of the air preheater tower is 55 ℃, and the flow rate is 180.8 t/h;
the thermal efficiency of the boiler is tested by referring to TSG G0002-2010 boiler energy saving technology supervision and management rules and TSG 0003-2010 industrial boiler energy efficiency test and evaluation rules, and compared with the direct exhaust efficiency of boiler flue gas passing through an economizer, the direct exhaust efficiency is improved by 8-12%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may modify or change the technical content of the above disclosure into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but all those simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of increasing boiler efficiency, comprising the steps of:
step 1: spraying flue gas at the outlet of the boiler in an absorption tower by using a specific solution, and directly discharging the sprayed flue gas;
step 2: the specific solution for absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters an air preheater tower through a first circulation loop to spray fresh air, and the sprayed fresh air directly enters a boiler; the sprayed specific solution returns to the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower;
the specific solution is clear water and/or an alkali metal salt solution;
in the step 1: the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is sequentially sprayed once by clean water in the section A of the absorption tower, and sprayed for the second time by alkali metal salt solution in the section B of the absorption tower, the sprayed clean water enters the section A of the absorption tower again through a third circulation loop, and the flue gas after the second spraying is directly discharged;
a replenishing device is arranged in the second circulation loop, and moisture and heat which are not generated by fresh air in the specific solution are transferred to at least one fluid through the replenishing device; the supplementary device is a generator;
in the step 2: the alkali metal salt solution for absorbing water and heat in the flue gas enters the section A of the air preheater through the first circulation loop, and primary spraying is carried out on fresh air; the alkali metal salt solution after primary spraying returns to the section A of the air preheater tower through a second circulation loop at the bottom of the air preheater tower, and then returns to the section B of the air preheater tower through pipelines respectively to carry out secondary spraying on the fresh air after primary spraying and returns to the section B of the absorption tower to carry out secondary spraying on the flue gas, and the fresh air after secondary spraying directly enters a boiler.
2. The method for increasing boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange device is disposed in the first circulation loop.
3. The method for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein a tank and a heat exchange device are provided in the third circulation loop.
4. The method for improving the efficiency of the boiler according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 further comprises returning the alkali metal salt solution sprayed in the B section of the air preheater to the bottom of the A section of the air preheater through a pipeline and returning the alkali metal salt solution to the A section of the air preheater through a second circulation loop.
5. An open absorption, open generation heat pump system, which is matched with the method for improving the boiler efficiency of claim 1, is characterized by comprising a boiler, an absorption tower, an air preheater tower, a heat exchange device A and a supplementing device;
the boiler comprises a flue gas outlet and a hot air inlet;
the absorption tower comprises a flue gas inlet, a flue gas discharge outlet, an absorption tower solution inlet and a first specific solution spraying device; the flue gas inlet of the absorption tower is connected with a flue gas outlet pipeline of the boiler; wherein, the flue gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the absorption tower, the flue gas discharge port is arranged at the top of the absorption tower, and the solution inlet of the absorption tower and the first specific solution spray device are arranged at the upper part of the absorption tower;
the air preheater tower comprises a fresh air inlet, a hot air outlet, an air preheater tower solution inlet, an air preheater tower solution outlet and a second specific solution spraying device; the hot air outlet is connected with a hot air inlet pipeline of the boiler;
the heat exchange device A, the solution outlet of the absorption tower and the solution inlet of the air pre-tower form a first circulation loop; and the solution outlet of the air preheater tower, the supplementing device and the concentrated solution inlet of the air preheater tower form a second circulation loop.
6. The open absorption, open generating heat pump system of claim 5, wherein in the first circulation loop: the solution outlet of the absorption tower is connected with a solution inlet pipeline of a heat exchange device A, and the solution outlet of the heat exchange device A is connected with a solution inlet pipeline of an air pre-tower; in the second circulation loop: the solution outlet of the air preheater tower is connected with the solution inlet pipeline of the supplementing device, and the solution outlet of the supplementing device is connected with the concentrated solution inlet pipeline of the air preheater tower.
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