CN113322101A - 黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置 - Google Patents
黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，包括料仓，所述料仓的出料口与矿料锁斗通过入口锁气阀相连，矿料锁斗的下端开口与磷煤气化反应器的上端进料口通过出口锁气阀相连；磷煤气化反应器底部的排渣口与渣激冷室的入口相连，所述渣激冷室的出渣口与渣锁斗的入口连接，熔渣经过渣锁斗排出；所述磷煤气化反应器，自上而下形成干燥区、干馏区、燃烧区、磷矿还原区和渣池区，所述磷煤气化反应器的顶部安装有与其连通的气体产品出口，所述燃烧区上对称布置2‑8组燃料烧嘴，所述渣池区的底部有与其连通的辅助烧嘴；所述反应装置能够提高黄磷生产规模，减少CO2排放。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磷化工与煤化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置。
背景技术
黄磷是一种重要的化工原料，是化学工业的重要中间品，广泛应用于医药、电子、食品、表面活性剂等领域。当前工业上生产黄磷的主要方法是电炉法，吨磷电耗达1.38-1.45万度。煤气化是煤化工行业中运用最广泛、最成熟的技术之一，是煤基化工品合成的重要环节；在煤气化过程内，煤与纯氧的燃烧区温度高达1800-2000℃，需要利用大量的冷却介质将热量排出以维持系统的热平衡；因此，原有的两个独立系统存在以下问题：① 黄磷还原需要电能供给热量；② 煤气化过程中产生大量的热需要排出；③ 碳还原磷矿所产生的CO总量少，难于规模化利用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何提供一种能够提高黄磷生产规模，减少CO2排放的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：包括料仓，所述料仓的出料口与矿料锁斗通过入口锁气阀相连，矿料锁斗的下端开口与磷煤气化反应器的上端进料口通过出口锁气阀相连；磷煤气化反应器底部的排渣口与渣激冷室的入口相连，所述渣激冷室的出渣口与渣锁斗的入口连接，熔渣经过渣锁斗排出；所述磷煤气化反应器，自上而下形成干燥区、干馏区、燃烧区、磷矿还原区和渣池区，所述磷煤气化反应器的顶部安装有与其连通的气体产品出口，所述燃烧区上对称布置2-8组燃料烧嘴，所述渣池区的底部形成有与其连通的辅助烧嘴；所述燃烧区内纯氧与煤粉的燃烧温度达1800-2000℃，上部固体矿料熔融进入磷矿还原区，通过辅助烧嘴通入燃气对磷矿还原区与渣池进行冲压液封，并通过压力调节实施排渣操作，含磷蒸汽的合成气通过塔顶开设的气体产品出口送至后续分离净化单元；液态熔渣进入渣激冷室进行水淬形成微晶约1mm的玻璃体排至渣锁斗。
进一步的技术方案在于：所述料仓供磷矿石、焦炭和硅石的混合固体矿料进料，通过矿料锁斗进口锁气阀和出口锁气阀的调节，间歇进料。
优选的，所述反应装置中混合固体矿料的酸度值为（SiO2+Al2O3）/CaO为0.7-0.95。
进一步的技术方案在于：燃料烧嘴的燃料为氧气、氧气+水蒸汽、氧气+水蒸汽+煤粉、氧气+煤粉的任意一种。
优选的，所述料仓内的原料为块状磷矿石、硅石和焦炭，或将磷矿石、硅石和焦炭中的一种或几种原料磨粉、粘结、压制成型、烧结后形成的规则块状物料。
进一步的技术方案在于：磷煤气化反应器主体为耐压1.0-4.0MPa壳体，剖面自内而外形成挂壁炉渣层、衬里、耐火砖和壳体。
进一步的技术方案在于：所述辅助烧嘴的进气压力取决于磷矿石还原所需停留时间。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于：所述装置将磷矿的还原反应体系引入到煤气化过程中，将煤气化与磷矿还原反应耦合在一台气化设备内，利用煤气化过程中产生的热量供给磷矿还原热，并利用煤灰分中含有的硅、铝元素减少硅石等助熔剂用量，提高磷的产出率并减少CO2的排放。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明实施例所述装置的结构示意图；
其中：1-料仓；2-矿料锁斗；2-1、入口锁气阀；2-2、出口锁气阀；3-磷煤气化反应器；3-1：干燥区；3-2：干馏区；3-3：燃烧区；3-4：磷矿还原区；3-5：渣池区；4-气体出口；5-组合燃料进料烧嘴；6-辅助烧嘴；7-渣激冷室；8-渣锁斗。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
如图1所示，本发明实施例公开了一种黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，包括料仓1，所述料仓1内的原料为块状磷矿石、硅石和焦炭，或为将磷矿石、硅石和焦炭中的一种或几种原料磨粉、粘结、压制成型、烧结后形成的规则块状物料。所述料仓1的出料口与矿料锁斗2通过入口锁气阀2-1相连，矿料锁斗2的下端开口与磷煤气化反应器3的上端进料口通过出口锁气阀2-2相连，所述料仓1供磷矿石、焦炭和硅石的混合固体矿料进料，通过矿料锁斗2进口锁气阀2-1和出口锁气阀2-2的调节，间歇进料；
磷煤气化反应器3底部的排渣口与渣激冷室7的入口相连，所述渣激冷室7的出渣口与渣锁斗8的入口连接，熔渣经过渣锁斗8排出；所述磷煤气化反应器3，自上而下形成干燥区3-1、干馏区3-2、燃烧区3-3、磷矿还原区3-4和渣池区3-5，磷煤气化反应器3的主体为耐压1.0-4.0MPa壳体，剖面自内而外形成挂壁炉渣层、衬里、耐火砖和壳体。所述磷煤气化反应器3的顶部安装有与其连通的气体产品出口4，所述燃烧区3-3上对称布置2-8组燃料烧嘴5，所述渣池区3-5的底部形成有与其连通的辅助烧嘴6。所述燃料烧嘴5进入的燃料为氧气、煤粉、氧气+水蒸汽、氧气+水蒸汽+煤粉、氧气+煤粉的任意一种。优选的，所述燃料烧嘴5向所述反应器内射流喷入氧气+煤粉，以减小上升的粗合成气对矿料中焦炭的消耗。
磷矿经过配料，使入炉矿的P2O5含量达到18wt%-25wt%，物料酸度值（SiO2+Al2O3）/CaO为0.7-0.95。酸度值必须考虑磷矿、煤炭所带入的SiO2、Al2O3、CaO，在磷矿、煤炭中的SiO2、Al2O3不足时，通过添加硅石的方式使其达到所要求的酸度值。磷矿的配料可以是磷矿块矿、焦炭颗粒、硅石块矿；也可以将磷矿、焦炭、硅石的粉矿按计算的比例混合成球入炉。
配料后的磷矿型料通过所述料仓1间歇进料，通过2-1入口锁气阀，2-2出口锁气阀的调节，使得矿料锁斗2加压进入反应器3，磷矿型料在反应器上部与自下而上的工艺气体进行换热，依次形成干燥区3-1、干馏区3-2。工艺气降温至300-700℃后由反应器3上封头的气体出口4进入下一工序。
随着磷矿型料的下降，固体物料接近燃烧区3-3，温度进一步提升，达到1500-1700℃，磷矿型料逐渐融化，进入磷矿熔融还原区3-4，在1400-1600℃高温下磷矿被碳（焦炭或煤）还原生成磷蒸气，非挥发性物质形成炉渣进入渣池区3-5。渣池区3-5通过辅助烧嘴6给入的高温燃气进行液封，需要排渣时降低辅助烧嘴压力，液体渣流入渣激冷室7，在充满水的渣激冷室进行水淬，形成具有凝结性能的玻璃体熔渣，经渣锁斗8排出外售。辅助烧嘴6的压力取决于磷矿石还原所需停留时间。
通过2-8组燃料烧嘴5喷入燃料在炉内形成燃烧区3-3，燃烧区进行煤的氧化反应，燃烧中心温度在2000℃以上，为磷矿还原反应提供所需能量。燃烧区域形成气室托住上部固体矿料并加热磷矿型料。燃料烧嘴的燃料可以设置为氧气、氧气+（水）蒸汽、氧气+（水）蒸汽+煤粉、氧气+煤粉的任意一种。当选用氧气进料方案，组合燃料进料烧嘴5仅提供助燃剂，而燃料为型煤，无烟煤块或煤焦，与固体磷矿型料由落料锁斗1从反应区顶部进料；为调控燃烧中心区的温度，可以采用（水）蒸汽伴随氧气进气；当采用氧气+煤粉进料，组合燃料进料烧嘴5提供的燃料及助燃剂同时从燃料进料烧嘴5进入燃烧区3-3。
综上，本申请通过反应器的燃烧区3-3为还原过程提供1800-2000℃高温及所需能量，取代对原黄磷电炉电能的供热方式，建立磷煤耦合连续反应器，控制系统热能耗散不超过2%。采用自动液相排渣系统，实现黄磷与合成气的联产。
Claims (7)
1.一种黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：包括料仓（1），所述料仓（1）的出料口与矿料锁斗（2）通过入口锁气阀（2-1）相连，矿料锁斗（2）的下端开口与磷煤气化反应器（3）的上端进料口通过出口锁气阀（2-2）相连；磷煤气化反应器（3）底部的排渣口与渣激冷室（7）的入口相连，所述渣激冷室（7）的出渣口与渣锁斗（8）的入口连接，熔渣经过渣锁斗（8）排出，所述磷煤气化反应器（3）自上而下分成干燥区（3-1）、干馏区（3-2）、燃烧区（3-3）、磷矿还原区（3-4）和渣池区（3-5），所述磷煤气化反应器（3）的顶部安装有与其连通的气体产品出口（4），所述燃烧区（3-3）上对称布置2-8组燃料烧嘴（5），所述渣池区（3-5）的底部形成有与其连通的辅助烧嘴（6），所述燃烧区（3-3）内纯氧与煤粉的燃烧温度达1800-2000℃，上部固体矿料熔融进入磷矿还原区（3-4），通过辅助烧嘴（5）通入燃气对还原区（3-4）与渣池区（3-5）进行冲压液封，并通过压力调节实施排渣操作，含磷蒸汽的合成气通过磷煤气化反应器（3）顶部开设的气体产品出口（4）送至后续分离净化单元，液态熔渣进入渣激冷室（7）进行水淬形成微晶约1mm的玻璃体排至渣锁斗（8）。
2.如权利要求1所述的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：所述料仓（1）供磷矿石、焦炭和硅石的混合固体矿料进料，通过矿料锁斗（2）进口锁气阀（2-1）和出口锁气阀（2-2）的调节，间歇进料。
3.如权利要求1所述的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：所述反应装置中混合固体矿料的酸度值为（SiO2+Al2O3）/CaO为0.7-0.95。
4.如权利要求1所述的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：所述燃料烧嘴（5）进入的燃料为氧气、煤粉、氧气+水蒸汽、氧气+水蒸汽+煤粉、氧气+煤粉的任意一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：所述料仓（1）内的原料为块状磷矿石、硅石和焦炭，或为将磷矿石、硅石和焦炭中的一种或几种原料磨粉、粘结、压制成型、烧结后形成的规则块状物料。
6.如权利要求1所述的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：磷煤气化反应器（3）的主体为耐压1.0-4.0MPa壳体，剖面自内而外形成挂壁炉渣层、衬里、耐火砖和壳体。
7.如权利要求1所述的黄磷与合成气联产的磷煤气化反应装置，其特征在于：所述辅助烧嘴（6）的进气压力取决于磷矿石还原所需停留时间。
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