CN113322088A - Method and device for aerobic pyrolysis of biomass - Google Patents
Method and device for aerobic pyrolysis of biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN113322088A CN113322088A CN202110584367.2A CN202110584367A CN113322088A CN 113322088 A CN113322088 A CN 113322088A CN 202110584367 A CN202110584367 A CN 202110584367A CN 113322088 A CN113322088 A CN 113322088A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerobic pyrolysis method and device for biomass, which comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a partial oxidation reactor and a condensing device, wherein a mechanical conveying device with a driving device can be arranged in the pyrolysis reactor, the biomass is mixed with hot gas after being fed into the pyrolysis reactor and is heated and pyrolyzed to generate volatile matters and pyrolysis coke, the hot gas is generated by partial oxidation of the pyrolysis coke, the biomass/the pyrolysis coke is conveyed to a solid outlet of the pyrolysis reactor by the mechanical conveying device, the discharged pyrolysis coke enters the partial oxidation reactor to react with limited air to generate hot gas and obtain biomass coke or ash, and the volatile matters are discharged from a gas outlet close to a biomass inlet and enter the condensing device to be condensed to obtain pyrolysis gas and bio-oil. The invention supplies heat for the pyrolysis process by introducing limited air and pyrolysis coke in the pyrolysis process, realizes the self-heating pyrolysis of biomass, breaks through the heat transfer bottleneck in the amplification process of the biomass pyrolysis technology, and has the advantages of simple method, easy amplification and good technical economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy, and particularly relates to a biomass aerobic pyrolysis method and device.
Background
Biomass pyrolysis is generally performed in an inert/oxygen-free atmosphere, and the pyrolysis process is an endothermic reaction process requiring heat supplied from the outside to maintain the pyrolysis reaction at a specific temperature. The heat required by biomass pyrolysis is generally transferred from outside to inside through the wall surface of the pyrolysis furnace, including the heat exchange of the wall surface of the pyrolysis furnace by flushing high-temperature flue gas, and the transmission area required by the wall surface of the pyrolysis furnace for heat transfer in the pyrolysis process is provided. However, when the pyrolysis technology is applied in an enlarged scale, i.e., the volume of the pyrolysis furnace is enlarged, the treatment capacity of the pyrolysis furnace is proportional to the volume of the pyrolysis furnace, and the heat transfer area is proportional to the external surface area of the pyrolysis furnace, which causes the heat transfer area of the pyrolysis furnace to increase much less than the treatment capacity or volume of the pyrolysis furnace. To match the amount of heat transfer required for an increase in the capacity of the pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace amplification will typically be based on its heat transfer area amplification, which will further expand the volume of the pyrolysis furnace.
The heat transfer process of the biomass pyrolysis furnace not only relates to the heat transfer from the outside to the wall surface of the pyrolysis furnace, but also relates to the transfer of space/materials in the pyrolysis furnace from the wall surface of the pyrolysis furnace, and how to quickly and effectively transfer the external heat into the pyrolysis furnace becomes an important bottleneck limiting the scale-up application and commercial operation of pyrolysis technology. Especially, when the pyrolysis furnace is amplified, the space/volume in the pyrolysis furnace is greatly increased, and the space distance/penetration distance of heat transfer is greatly increased, which provides great difficulties for uniform and stable heat transfer in the furnace and realization of a stable temperature field in the furnace. Therefore, the innovation of the heat transfer method of the pyrolysis process and the development of the novel pyrolysis technology are important trends for promoting the continuous development of the biomass pyrolysis technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biomass aerobic pyrolysis method and a device according to the problems in the prior art, the limited amount of air is introduced in the pyrolysis process to react with pyrolysis coke to supply heat for the pyrolysis process, the biomass self-heating pyrolysis is realized, the problem of heat transfer bottleneck in the biomass pyrolysis technology amplification process is broken through, and the method is simple and easy to implement, easy to amplify and good in technical economy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an aerobic biomass pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a partial oxidation reactor and a condensing device, wherein a mechanical conveying device with a driving device is arranged in the pyrolysis reactor; the pyrolysis reactor is provided with living beings import, pyrolysis burnt solid export, volatile gas outlet and hot gas inlet, partial oxidation reactor is provided with air intlet, hot gas outlet, solid export and solid import. The pyrolysis coke solid outlet is connected with a solid inlet of the partial oxidation reactor, the volatile gas outlet is connected with a gas inlet of the condensing device, and the hot gas inlet is connected with a hot gas outlet of the partial oxidation reactor; and carrying out partial oxidation reaction on the pyrolysis coke in the partial oxidation reactor and limited air introduced into the partial oxidation reactor to generate hot gas, and introducing the hot gas into the pyrolysis reactor to supply heat for the pyrolysis process. Furthermore, the air equivalent ratio of the limited amount of air introduced into the partial oxidation reactor is generally not more than 10 percent calculated according to the biomass feeding rate, and the optimized equivalent ratio is about 5 percent according to different biomass types.
Furthermore, the pyrolysis reactor and the partial oxidation reactor are designed to be of split structures, and are connected through a pipeline, or the pyrolysis reactor and the partial oxidation reactor are integrated in one reactor according to partitions and are designed to be of integrated structures. Further, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet of the condensing device are respectively used for collecting the condensed non-condensable pyrolysis gas and the condensed bio-oil.
Furthermore, the pyrolysis reactor is arranged in a horizontal or vertical mode, and a mechanical conveying device is selectively arranged inside the pyrolysis reactor.
Furthermore, the mechanical conveying device comprises a spiral auger, a conveying belt and a vibrating grate.
Further, the partial oxidation reaction device is a fixed bed, a moving bed, a fluidized bed or a suspension bed.
Further, the condensing device is a single-stage direct condensing device, a multi-stage indirect condensing system or a multi-stage direct/indirect composite condensing system.
The biomass aerobic pyrolysis method comprises the steps of treating biomass by using the biomass aerobic pyrolysis device, mixing the biomass with hot gas after the biomass is fed into a pyrolysis reactor, heating and pyrolyzing the biomass to generate volatile components and pyrolysis coke, wherein the hot gas is generated by partial oxidation of the pyrolysis coke, the biomass/pyrolysis coke is conveyed to a solid outlet of the pyrolysis reactor by a mechanical conveying device, the discharged pyrolysis coke enters the partial oxidation reactor to react with limited air to generate hot gas and obtain biomass coke or ash, and the volatile components are discharged through a gas outlet close to a biomass inlet and enter a condensing device to be condensed to obtain pyrolysis gas and bio-oil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the biomass pyrolysis device has the advantages that limited air is introduced in the biomass pyrolysis process, and heat is supplied to the pyrolysis process by utilizing the heat released by partial oxidation reaction of the pyrolysis coke and the air, so that the self-heating pyrolysis of the biomass is realized, and the heat transfer bottleneck of the enlarged application of the pyrolysis technology is broken through; meanwhile, the heat exchange between the hot gas generated by partial oxidation of the pyrolytic coke and the biomass can be utilized, so that the conversion of the heat transfer mode from surface heat transfer to body heat transfer can be realized, the heat transfer rate and efficiency are obviously improved, the composition and distribution of a pyrolysis product cannot be obviously influenced, the method is simple, convenient and easy to implement, easy to amplify, good in technical economy and good in popularization and application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aerobic biomass pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a pyrolysis reactor; 2. a mechanical conveying device; 3. a drive device; 4. a condensing unit; 5. a partial oxidation reactor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the aerobic biomass pyrolysis device designed by the invention mainly comprises a pyrolysis reactor 1, a partial oxidation reactor 5 and a condensing device 4, wherein a mechanical conveying device 2 with a driving device 3 can be arranged in the pyrolysis reactor 1; the pyrolysis reactor 1 is provided with a biomass inlet, a pyrolysis coke solid outlet, a volatile gas outlet and a hot gas inlet, the pyrolysis coke solid outlet is connected with the solid inlet of the partial oxidation reactor 5, and the volatile gas outlet is connected with the gas inlet of the condensing device 4; the partial oxidation reactor 5 is provided with an air inlet, a hot gas outlet and a biomass coke/ash solid outlet, and the hot gas inlet is connected with the hot gas outlet of the partial oxidation reactor 5; the pyrolysis coke in the partial oxidation reactor 5 and the limited amount of air introduced into the partial oxidation reactor 5 are subjected to partial oxidation reaction to generate hot gas, and the obtained hot gas is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 1 to supply heat for the pyrolysis process; an inlet of the condensing device 4 is connected with a gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 1, and the condensing device 4 is also provided with a gas outlet and a liquid outlet.
The pyrolysis reactor 1 and the partial oxidation reactor 5 may be separate bodies or may be integrated in one reactor by zones.
A gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 1 is close to a biomass inlet, and the temperature of a volatile gas outlet is higher than 300 ℃; the pyrolysis reactor 1 is arranged in a horizontal or vertical mode, and a mechanical conveying device 2 can be arranged or not arranged; the mechanical conveying device 2 comprises a spiral auger, a conveying belt, a vibrating grate and the like.
The partial oxidation reaction device 5 adopts a fixed bed, a moving bed, a fluidized bed or a suspended bed and the like;
the condensing device 4 can be a single-stage direct condensing device, a multi-stage indirect condensing system or a multi-stage direct/indirect composite condensing system and the like.
Based on the biomass aerobic pyrolysis device provided by the invention, the invention also designs a biomass aerobic pyrolysis method, and the method comprises the following specific processes:
after biomass is fed into the pyrolysis reactor 1 from the feeding hole, the biomass is conveyed to the solid discharging hole by the mechanical conveying device 2 driven by the driving device 3, and in the process, the biomass is mixed with hot gas introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 1 and is heated and pyrolyzed by the hot gas to generate volatile components and pyrolysis coke. The pyrolysis coke enters the partial oxidation reactor 5 after coming out from the solid outlet, and is subjected to partial oxidation reaction with limited air introduced into the partial oxidation reactor 5 to generate hot gas and obtain biomass coke or ash, wherein the hot gas is the hot gas introduced into the pyrolysis reactor 1 and supplies heat for the pyrolysis process. And the pyrolysis volatile components come out from a gas outlet close to the biomass inlet and far away from the solid pyrolysis coke outlet and enter a condensing device 4 for condensation to obtain condensable bio-oil and non-condensable pyrolysis gas.
According to the method and the device for the aerobic pyrolysis of the biomass, limited air (the air equivalence ratio is about 5% generally) is introduced in the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis coke is partially oxidized to supply heat for the pyrolysis process, the self-maintenance of heat in the pyrolysis process can be realized, namely, the self-heating pyrolysis of the biomass is realized, the conventional 'surface' heat transfer is changed into 'bulk' heat transfer, the heat transfer rate and efficiency are greatly improved, and the heat transfer bottleneck in the amplification application of the pyrolysis technology is effectively broken through.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis reactor, a partial oxidation reactor and a condensing device, wherein a mechanical conveying device with a driving device is arranged in the pyrolysis reactor; the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a biomass inlet, a pyrolysis coke solid outlet, a volatile gas outlet and a hot gas inlet, and the partial oxidation reactor is provided with an air inlet, a hot gas outlet, a solid outlet and a solid inlet; the pyrolysis coke solid outlet is connected with a solid inlet of the partial oxidation reactor, the volatile gas outlet is connected with a gas inlet of the condensing device, and the hot gas inlet is connected with a hot gas outlet of the partial oxidation reactor; and carrying out partial oxidation reaction on the pyrolysis coke in the partial oxidation reactor and limited air introduced into the partial oxidation reactor to generate hot gas, and introducing the hot gas into the pyrolysis reactor to supply heat for the pyrolysis process.
2. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air equivalent ratio of the limited amount of air introduced into the partial oxidation reactor is not more than 10% as calculated from the biomass feeding rate, and the optimized equivalent ratio is about 5% according to the biomass type.
3. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reactor and the partial oxidation reactor are designed as a split structure, and are connected by a pipeline, or the pyrolysis reactor and the partial oxidation reactor are integrated into one reactor according to zones and are designed as an integrated structure.
4. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas outlet and the liquid outlet of the condensing device are used for collecting the condensed non-condensable pyrolysis gas and bio-oil respectively.
5. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is arranged in a horizontal or vertical type, and a mechanical conveying device is selectively arranged inside the pyrolysis reactor.
6. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as recited in claim 1, wherein the mechanical conveying device comprises a spiral auger, a conveyor belt and a vibrating grate.
7. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partial oxidation reaction device is selected from a fixed bed, a moving bed, a fluidized bed or a suspended bed.
8. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condensing unit is selected from a single-stage direct condensing unit, a multi-stage indirect condensing system or a multi-stage direct/indirect combined condensing system.
9. The aerobic biomass pyrolysis method based on the aerobic biomass pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after the biomass is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, the biomass is mixed with hot gas and heated and pyrolyzed to produce volatile matters and pyrolysis coke, the hot gas is produced by partial oxidation of the pyrolysis coke, the biomass/pyrolysis coke is conveyed to a solid outlet of the pyrolysis reactor by a mechanical conveying device, the discharged pyrolysis coke enters the partial oxidation reactor to react with a limited amount of air to produce hot gas and obtain biomass coke or ash, and the volatile matters are discharged through a gas outlet close to a biomass inlet and enter a condensing device to be condensed to obtain pyrolysis gas and bio-oil.
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| CN202110584367.2A CN113322088A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Method and device for aerobic pyrolysis of biomass |
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| CN202110584367.2A CN113322088A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Method and device for aerobic pyrolysis of biomass |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104342178A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Biomass carbonizing method and biomass carbonizing device |
| CN108587671A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-28 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of apparatus and method of biomass quick catalysis pyrolysis |
| CN110305676A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-08 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of carbonaceous solids raw material is from maintaining pyrolysis system |
| CN112664939A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 华中科技大学 | Gas-temperature-heat linkage control garbage treatment method |
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2021
- 2021-05-27 CN CN202110584367.2A patent/CN113322088A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104342178A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Biomass carbonizing method and biomass carbonizing device |
| CN108587671A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-28 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of apparatus and method of biomass quick catalysis pyrolysis |
| CN110305676A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-08 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of carbonaceous solids raw material is from maintaining pyrolysis system |
| CN112664939A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 华中科技大学 | Gas-temperature-heat linkage control garbage treatment method |
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