CN113321528B - 一种全陶瓷声屏障及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种全陶瓷声屏障及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113321528B
CN113321528B CN202110752619.8A CN202110752619A CN113321528B CN 113321528 B CN113321528 B CN 113321528B CN 202110752619 A CN202110752619 A CN 202110752619A CN 113321528 B CN113321528 B CN 113321528B
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CN113321528A (zh
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乐红志
朱建平
朱俊阁
白荣
陈建濡
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Shandong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于声屏障技术领域。本发明提供了一种全陶瓷声屏障，包含吸声部和隔声部；吸声部由包含主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液的组分制得；隔声部由包含主料、SiC和助熔剂的组分制得；吸声部和隔声部中，主料、SiC和助熔剂的质量比均为45～60：0.1～1.0：40～55；吸声部中，松香皂化液的质量为主料、SiC和助熔剂总质量的30～40％。本发明还提供了一种全陶瓷声屏障的制备方法和应用。本发明的全陶瓷声屏障能使公路、高速公路、高速铁路、高架复合道路或城市地铁交通场合的噪音降低至40～50dB；具有良好的抗压强度、耐水性和耐老化性。

Description

一种全陶瓷声屏障及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及声屏障技术领域，尤其涉及一种全陶瓷声屏障及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着高速公路、高速铁路、高架复合道路、城市地铁交通的发展，车辆的行进速度越来越快，由此产生的噪音对道路两旁居民的生产生活带来严重影响，因此，道路的吸声降噪材料具有广阔的市场前景。声屏障是在声源和接收者之间插入的一个设施，使声波传播有一个显著的附加衰减，从而减弱接收者所在的一定区域内的噪声影响。声屏障在户外使用，不仅要有良好的降低噪音效果，还要有良好的机械性能和耐候性，防火性，较长的使用寿命，并且不污染环境。
目前，声屏障的主要结构为吸声部和隔声部，吸声部常采用5～6mm的泡沫铝结构，隔声部使用较多的材料为岩棉、珍珠岩，但是泡沫铝作为吸声部价格昂贵，经济性能差；岩棉或珍珠岩制作隔声部时，易吸水，耐老化性能差。吸声陶瓷板是一种刚性超微孔陶瓷材料，具有孔隙率高，耐候性好，耐水性好，抗腐蚀的优点，是一种良好的吸声材料，特别适用于高速公路、铁路、城市高架铁路等防燥声屏障。但是现有的陶瓷吸声材料因孔隙率较大，造成强度衰减严重，而且很难进行钻孔和其他机械加工，不能同时满足声屏障对吸声性能和强度等多方面的要求。
因此，研究开发一种同时具有良好的隔声效果、高强度、耐水性、耐老化性的声屏障，将具有非常重要的经济价值和意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足提供一种全陶瓷声屏障及其制备方法。本发明的全陶瓷声屏障体积密度为0.3～0.45g/cm3，具有良好的隔声效果、抗压强度、耐水性和耐老化性，使用寿命显著延长。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种全陶瓷声屏障，包含吸声部和隔声部；
所述吸声部由包含主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液的组分制得；
所述隔声部由包含主料、SiC和助熔剂的组分制得；
所述吸声部和隔声部中，主料、SiC和助熔剂的质量比均为45～60：0.1～1.0：40～55；
所述吸声部中，松香皂化液的质量为主料、SiC和助熔剂总质量的30～40％。
作为优选，所述主料为黄金尾矿或花岗岩磨料；所述助熔剂包含长石、珍珠岩和玻璃粉中的一种或几种。
作为优选，所述吸声部为连通孔或多孔结构，所述隔声部为闭孔结构。
作为优选，所述全陶瓷声屏障的体积密度为0.3～0.40g/cm3，厚度为15～23cm。
作为优选，所述全陶瓷声屏障中，吸声部的体积密度为0.30～0.35g/cm3，厚度为5～8cm；隔声部的体积密度为0.35～0.40g/cm3，厚度为10～15cm。
本发明还提供了一种所述的全陶瓷声屏障的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
1)将主料、SiC和助熔剂混合后进行预压成型，得到隔声部预压体；
2)将主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液混合后的浆料浇注在隔声部预压体上，进行干燥处理，得到干燥产物；
3)对干燥产物进行发泡处理，得到全陶瓷声屏障。
作为优选，步骤1)所述预压成型的压力为3～5MPa。
作为优选，步骤2)所述干燥产物的含水率为2～3％。
作为优选，步骤3)所述发泡处理的温度为1050～1180℃，时间为50～80min。
本发明还提供了一种所述的全陶瓷声屏障在公路、高速公路、高速铁路、高架复合道路或城市地铁交通中的应用。
本发明的有益效果包括以下几点：
1)本发明的全陶瓷声屏障具有良好的声音衰减隔离效果，能使公路、高速公路、高速铁路、高架复合道路或城市地铁交通场合的噪音降低至40～50dB。
2)本发明的全陶瓷声屏障具有良好的抗压强度、耐水性和耐老化性，使用寿命显著延长。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种全陶瓷声屏障，包含吸声部和隔声部；
所述吸声部由包含主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液的组分制得；
所述隔声部由包含主料、SiC和助熔剂的组分制得；
所述吸声部和隔声部中，主料、SiC和助熔剂的质量比均为45～60：0.1～1.0：40～55；
所述吸声部中，松香皂化液的质量为主料、SiC和助熔剂总质量的30～40％。
本发明所述吸声部和隔声部中，主料、SiC和助熔剂的质量比优选为47～55：0.3～0.8：43～52，进一步优选为49～54：0.5～0.7：45～50，更优选为50～52：0.6：47～48；所述吸声部中，松香皂化液的质量优选为主料、SiC和助熔剂总质量的32～38％，进一步优选为34～36％，更优选为35％。
本发明所述主料优选为黄金尾矿或花岗岩磨料；所述助熔剂优选包含长石、珍珠岩和玻璃粉中的一种或几种；当助熔剂同时包含几种组分时，各组分优选以等质量比进行混合；所述玻璃粉优选为废玻璃粉。
本发明所述吸声部优选为连通孔或多孔结构，所述隔声部优选为闭孔结构；所述连通孔或多孔结构的作用是使声波反复改变传播路径，从而发生衰减；所述闭孔结构主要是对声波起到隔离衰减的作用；两种衰减机制同时发挥作用，对声音的衰减隔离效果显著提升。
本发明所述全陶瓷声屏障的体积密度优选为0.3～0.40g/cm3，进一步优选为0.33～0.38g/cm3，更优选为0.35～0.37g/cm3；所述全陶瓷声屏障的厚度优选为15～23cm，进一步优选为18～21cm，更优选为20cm。
本发明所述全陶瓷声屏障中，吸声部的体积密度优选为0.30～0.35g/cm3，进一步优选为0.32～0.34g/cm3，厚度优选为5～8cm，进一步优选为6～7cm；隔声部的体积密度优选为0.35～0.40g/cm3，进一步优选为0.37～0.39g/cm3；厚度优选为10～15cm，进一步优选为12～14cm。
本发明所述全陶瓷声屏障为发泡陶瓷。
本发明还提供了一种所述的全陶瓷声屏障的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
1)将主料、SiC和助熔剂混合后进行预压成型，得到隔声部预压体；
2)将主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液混合后的浆料浇注在隔声部预压体上，进行干燥处理，得到干燥产物；
3)对干燥产物进行发泡处理，得到全陶瓷声屏障。
本发明步骤1)所述预压成型的压力优选为3～5MPa，进一步优选为4MPa。
本发明步骤2)所述浆料优选搅拌起泡之后浇注在隔声部预压体上。
本发明步骤2)所述干燥产物的含水率优选为2～3％，进一步优选为2.2～2.8％，更优选为2.5％。
本发明步骤3)所述发泡处理的温度优选为1050～1180℃，进一步优选为1080～1150℃，更优选为1100～1120℃；所述发泡处理的时间优选为50～80min，进一步优选为60～70min，更优选为65min。
本发明还提供了一种所述的全陶瓷声屏障在公路、高速公路、高速铁路、高架复合道路或城市地铁交通中的应用。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将4.8kg黄金尾矿、0.15kg SiC和4kg长石混合均匀后在3.3MPa的压力下进行预压成型，得到隔声部预压体。将4.5kg黄金尾矿、0.2kg SiC、4.2kg长石和3.07kg松香皂化液混合均匀制成浆料，搅拌起泡后浇注在隔声部预压体上，干燥成含水率为2％的干燥产物。将干燥产物在1070℃下发泡处理75min，得到厚度为15cm，体积密度为0.32g/cm3的全陶瓷声屏障。
实施例1的全陶瓷声屏障中，吸声部的体积密度为0.3g/cm3，厚度为5cm；隔声部的体积密度为0.35g/cm3，厚度为10cm。
实施例1的全陶瓷声屏障的抗压强度为4.8MPa，耐水性、耐老化性良好，能使高速公路或高速铁路场合的噪音降低至50dB。
实施例2
将5.8kg花岗岩磨料、1kg SiC、2.6kg珍珠岩和2.6kg废玻璃粉混合均匀后在4.8MPa的压力下进行预压成型，得到隔声部预压体。将5.6kg花岗岩磨料、1kg SiC、2.6kg珍珠岩、2.6kg废玻璃粉和4.4kg松香皂化液混合均匀制成浆料，搅拌起泡后浇注在隔声部预压体上，干燥成含水率为3％的干燥产物。将干燥产物在1150℃下发泡处理55min，得到厚度为22cm，体积密度为0.38g/cm3的全陶瓷声屏障。
实施例2的全陶瓷声屏障中，吸声部的体积密度为0.35g/cm3，厚度为8cm；隔声部的体积密度为0.4g/cm3，厚度为14cm。
实施例2的全陶瓷声屏障的抗压强度为7MPa，耐水性、耐老化性良好，能使公路或高架复合道路场合的噪音降低至42dB。
实施例3
将5kg花岗岩磨料、0.6kg SiC和4.5kg珍珠岩混合均匀后在4MPa的压力下进行预压成型，得到隔声部预压体。将5.2kg花岗岩磨料、0.5kg SiC、5kg珍珠岩和3.9kg松香皂化液混合均匀制成浆料，搅拌起泡后浇注在隔声部预压体上，干燥成含水率为2.5％的干燥产物。将干燥产物在1120℃下发泡处理60min，得到厚度为20cm，体积密度为0.35g/cm3的全陶瓷声屏障。
实施例3的全陶瓷声屏障中，吸声部的体积密度为0.32g/cm3，厚度为7cm；隔声部的体积密度为0.37g/cm3，厚度为13cm。
实施例3的全陶瓷声屏障的抗压强度为6.8MPa，耐水性、耐老化性良好，能使公路、高速公路或城市地铁交通场合的噪音降低至40dB。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种全陶瓷声屏障，其特征在于，由吸声部和隔声部组成；
所述吸声部由主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液制得；
所述隔声部由主料、SiC和助熔剂制得；
所述吸声部和隔声部中，主料、SiC和助熔剂的质量比均为45~60：0.1~1.0：40~55；
所述吸声部中，松香皂化液的质量为主料、SiC和助熔剂总质量的30~40%；
所述主料为黄金尾矿或花岗岩磨料；所述助熔剂为长石、珍珠岩和玻璃粉中的一种或几种；
所述吸声部为连通孔或多孔结构，所述隔声部为闭孔结构；
所述全陶瓷声屏障的体积密度为0.30~0.40g/cm3，厚度为15~23cm；
所述全陶瓷声屏障中，吸声部的体积密度为0.30~0.35g/cm3，厚度为5~8cm；隔声部的体积密度为0.35~0.40g/cm3，厚度为10~15cm。
2.权利要求1所述的全陶瓷声屏障的制备方法，其特征在于，包含如下步骤：
1）将主料、SiC和助熔剂混合后进行预压成型，得到隔声部预压体；
2）将主料、SiC、助熔剂和松香皂化液混合后的浆料浇注在隔声部预压体上，进行干燥处理，得到干燥产物；
3）对干燥产物进行发泡处理，得到全陶瓷声屏障；
步骤1）所述预压成型的压力为3~5MPa；
步骤2）所述干燥产物的含水率为2~3%；
步骤3）所述发泡处理的温度为1050~1180℃，时间为50~80min。
3.权利要求1所述的全陶瓷声屏障在公路、高速铁路或城市地铁交通中的应用。
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