CN1133209A - Treating process for waste undecanted wine of alcohol - Google Patents
Treating process for waste undecanted wine of alcohol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1133209A CN1133209A CN95111137A CN95111137A CN1133209A CN 1133209 A CN1133209 A CN 1133209A CN 95111137 A CN95111137 A CN 95111137A CN 95111137 A CN95111137 A CN 95111137A CN 1133209 A CN1133209 A CN 1133209A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alcohol residue
- dregs
- technology
- anaerobic
- wine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
Abstract
The invented method firstly separates the solid and liquid of the alcoholic waste mash and adopts filter aid to heighten the separation result, meanwhile the soluble protein separated out from the waste mash enters in the distillers' grains used as fodder, the greater part of the separated liquid is reused in th production of alcohol by adding additive, the remained waste water is processed by anaerobic digestion and aerobic treatment to come up to the standards and then drained away. Said technology features small investment, good result, and recovering the useful material from the waste. Said technology can be used also in the trades of sugar making, slaughtering, gourmet powder, starch and citric acid to harness the waste water.
Description
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field.
Nearly 3000 families of the existing Alcohol Production producer of China produce about 1,200,000 tons of alcohol per year, are to be raw material with the sweet potato more than 90%, and one ton of alcohol of every production discharges useless wine with dregs 12-15m approximately
3Be somebody's turn to do organic pollution COD in the useless wine with dregs
CrConcentration (COD about 50,000 mg/l
CrBe the COD that determines with potassium dichromate method, it has reflected the organic pollution content in the waste water), environment is caused very big pollution.
External Alcohol Production is primary raw material with the corn, and its useless wine with dregs is made pellet after administering and adopting evaporation, concentrate drying usually.This method can fundamentally solve the pollution of useless wine with dregs to environment, but be not suitable for China is the improvement of the alcohol residue of raw material with the sweet potato, because the useless wine with dregs protein content that with the sweet potato is raw material is low, it is too poor that convection drying is made feed nutritive value, and this method investment is big, the energy consumption height, not meeting China is the national conditions of main material production alcohol with the sweet potato.
Domestic to being the improvement of the alcohol residue of raw material with the sweet potato, it is reported and according to inventor's practice for many years, the method of being taked was concluded in the past roughly four kinds: (one) adopts homemade vertical or horizontal centrifuge to carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid, general separable go out about 40% the poor slag of solid, parting liquid COD
CrStill about 30,000 mg/l, reach national specified discharge standard (state sewage emission standard GB8978-88 regulation one-level is 350mg/l, and secondary is 450mg/l) far away.(2) full-distillage anaerobic digestion is produced biogas, the discharge water COD after the anaerobic digestion
CrAt 6000-10000mg/l, do not reach discharging standards yet.(3) useless wine with dregs is after solid-liquid separating machine separates, and parting liquid is through anaerobism---Aerobic Process for Treatment, final outflow water COD
Cr＜450mg/l reaches national secondary discharge standard, but investment is too high, and a brewery that produces 10000 tons of alcohol per year adopts the useless wine with dregs of this method processing once to invest and needs 6,000,000 yuan (seeing appended list of references) approximately, also will bear considerable operating cost in the governance process.Obviously, this is difficult to bear for the most of breweries of China economically.(4) useless wine with dregs is through separating, and parting liquid is back to brewing alcohol entirely.Facts have proved in the past few years, " full reuse " technology of being somebody's turn to do is still immature.This shows that China does not find a kind of economical and effective improvement method so far yet to being the alcohol residue of raw material with the sweet potato.
The objective of the invention is problem at above existence, a kind of economical and effective improvement alcohol residue method of suitable China's national situation is provided, solve the pollution of alcohol residue, reclaim wherein utility such as organic matter, energy, protein, water etc. simultaneously environment.
The improvement method of a kind of alcohol residue provided by the present invention comprises:
1, useless wine with dregs is earlier by setting pot, to remove the sand grains of bringing into raw material.
2, the useless wine with dregs after the desanding adds polymeric retention aid filtering agent 30-40ppm in reaction tank, stirs.
3, the useless wine with dregs that will be mixed with filter aid separates with seperator, and the poor slag after the separation is as feed.
4, behind 50-75% adding, 20-30ppm additive of separation back parting liquid, the raw material that is back to brewing alcohol adds water spice operation.
5, remaining 25-50% parting liquid, through 35-53 ℃ of anaerobic digestions 36-48 hours, the biogas that is produced was as plant produced or life energy.
6, anaerobic effluent is after air supporting is handled, and again through Aerobic Process for Treatment, water discharges behind the sludge settling.
7, anaerobism, air supporting and the excess sludge that precipitates aerobic the processing stage return reaction tank, add filter aid with useless wine with dregs, enter above-mentioned useless wine with dregs handling procedure.
The filter aid that is adopted in the said method can be polyacrylamide, aluminium chloride etc.; The recycle-water additive can be cellulolytic enzyme, thiamine, pantothenic acid, inositol etc.And anaerobic digestion is meant the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket of being familiar with common environmental protection technical staff (UASB) and anaerobic filter (AF) or up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket filter (UBF) technology; Aerobic Process for Treatment then is catalytic oxidation or the oxidation Ditch Technology that common environmental protection technical staff is familiar with.
Alcohol residue improvement method provided by the present invention is compared with existing method, and its advantage is:
1, adopts filter aid to improve the alcohol residue solid-liquid separation effect, soluble protein in the useless wine with dregs is separated out enter solid phase, increase the content of albumen in the poor slag.
2, use the recycle-water additive, the parting liquid major part is back to Alcohol Production.The recycle-water additive produces the enzyme and the growth factor of alcohol, the fermentation that can promote raw material saccharification and yeast for promoting raw material saccharification and culture propagation glucose.Simultaneously, a small amount of residual sugar in the parting liquid utilizes once more and can improve alcohol output.
3, after 50-75% the parting liquid reuse, 1/4th to 1/2nd of the not enough former useless wine with dregs amount of residue wastewater flow rate, the pending water yield significantly reduces, has removed large amount of organic because of useless wine with dregs through separating simultaneously, separates the COD of back parting liquid
CrContent has been reduced to about 20,000 mg/l through sampling and measuring, and intractability also reduces greatly.This is that key of the present invention also is the outstanding advantage of this method---reduced investment, effective main cause.
4, residue waste water can be done factory through the biogas of anaerobic digestion generation and replenish the energy, its water outlet COD
CrAbout 2000mg/l,, use the potassium dichromate method practical measurement, its water outlet COD according to the inventor again through Aerobic Process for Treatment
Cr≤ 350mg/l reaches the waste water first discharge standard (GB8978-88) of national regulation.
5, this method is handled alcohol residue reduced investment, effective, and operating cost is low, compare as feed technology with the useless wine with dregs concentrate drying of external corn alcohol, investment have only its 1/10, energy consumption is not enough its 1/3.Compare with domestic existing method, eliminating useless wine with dregs pollutes comparatively thorough, discharge water can guarantee to reach the first discharge standard of national GB8978-88 regulation, investment has only anaerobism---40-50% of aerobic series connection processing method up to standard, not only reduced investment, treatment effect is good, operating cost is low, and reclaimed the utility (organic matter, energy, protein, water etc.) in the useless wine with dregs to greatest extent, environmental benefit and economic benefit are all considerably beyond existing other any method.
6, the present invention all adopts domestic device and equipment, and tool is graduated from junior middle school the personnel of schooling can the independent operation operational management after training.
7, the present invention also is applicable to sugaring, butchers, the waste water treatment and the big-and-middle-sized plant fowl and animal excrement of industries such as starch, monosodium glutamate, beer, citric acid handle applied range.
Accompanying drawing is that alcohol residue is administered technological process block-diagram.
Embodiment one:
1. spill smart useless wine with dregs at first by settling pit, the time is 10 hours, removes the sand grains of bringing into raw material.
2. the useless wine with dregs after the desanding fully stirs evenly with agitator with compound pump pump people's filter aid in reaction tank.This filter aid is an aluminium chloride, working concentration 40PPm, it has played and has regulated PH, has destroyed useless wine with dregs colloidal nature, has made wherein less suspension form the effect that the bigger floccule body of volume is beneficial to separation, the part soluble protein is separated out near isoelectric point, increased isolated poor residue protein matter content, made the quality of feed thereby improved it.This filter aid meets the feed safety hygienic requirements, and is nontoxic to people and animals, and its expense is lower than poor slag value-added part and is worth.
3. the useless wine with dregs that is mixed with filter aid separates through seperator, and the groove slag is capable of using as feed to sell.When direct marketing is had any problem, for ease of store, transportation, can spray through heat, granulating and drying makes pellet.
4. 75% of the parting liquid raw material that is back to Alcohol Production after adding additive adds water spice operation, has both saved industrial water, has also reclaimed the Lower heat value in the parting liquid.This additive is cellulolytic enzyme and thiamine, 1: 0.5: 0.5 mixture 30PPm of inositol.Parting liquid reuse 75% can guarantee that through inventor's test Alcohol Production is unaffected.
5. remaining 25% parting liquid, its pollutant CDD after measured
Cr19970mg/l uses up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic filter combination technique in 35 ℃ of anaerobic digestions 48 hours, COD
CrAverage removal 90.3%.The biogas that is produced can be made factory's production or life energy.
Anaerobic effluent after measured, its pollutant COD
Cr1937mg/l handles its post precipitation through air supporting, pour air and remove remaining suspension.
7. the air supporting water outlet is handled through the aerobic process contact oxidation method that common environmental protection technical staff is familiar with again, at last through second pond a little post precipitation water can discharge (this discharge water COD after measured,
Cr＜350mg/l).
8. anaerobism, air supporting and the excess sludge that precipitates aerobic the processing stage return reaction tank, add filter aid with useless wine with dregs, enter above-mentioned useless wine with dregs handling procedure.
Embodiment two:
1. at first by setting pot, the time is 6 hours to alcohol residue.
2. the useless wine with dregs after the desanding fully stirs evenly with agitator with filter aid that compound pump pumps in reaction tank.This filter aid is an aluminium chloride, working concentration 35PPm.
3. the useless wine with dregs that is mixed with filter aid separates through seperator, and poor slag is made feed.
4. 60% of the parting liquid raw material that is back to Alcohol Production after adding additive adds water spice operation.This additive is cellulolytic enzyme and thiamine, 1: 0.5: 0.5 mixture of inositol, consumption 25PPm.Parting liquid reuse 60% can guarantee that through inventor's test Alcohol Production is unaffected.
5. remaining 40% parting liquid, its pollutant COD after measured
Cr20050mg/l uses up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic filter combination technique in 53 ℃ ± 1 ℃ anaerobic digestion 36 hours, COD
CrRemove 89.8%, the biogas that is produced is done factory and is produced the additional energy of using.
6. pollutant COD in the anaerobic effluent
Cr2045mg/l treats that its post precipitation handles through air supporting, pours air and removes remaining suspension.
7. the air supporting water outlet is handled through the aerobic process contact oxidation method, after second pond a little post precipitation water can discharge (this discharge water COD after measured
Cr＜350mg/l).
8. the excess sludge that gets off of anaerobism, air supporting, Aerobic Process for Treatment stage precipitation returns reaction tank, adds filter aid with useless wine with dregs, enters above-mentioned useless wine with dregs handling procedure.
Embodiment three:
1. at first by setting pot, the time is 8 hours to alcohol residue.
2. the useless wine with dregs after the desanding fully stirs evenly with filter aid in reaction tank.This filter aid is an aluminium chloride, and working concentration is 30PPm.
3. the useless wine with dregs that is mixed with filter aid separates through seperator, and poor slag is made feed.
4. 50% of the parting liquid raw material that is back to Alcohol Production after adding additive adds water spice operation.This additive is cellulolytic enzyme and thiamine, inositol 1: 0.5: mixture O.5, consumption 20PPm.Parting liquid reuse 50% can guarantee that through inventor's test Alcohol Production is unaffected.
5. remaining 50% parting liquid, its pollutant COD after measured
Cr21250mg/l uses up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic filter combination technique in 45 ℃ ± 1 ℃ anaerobic digestion 40 hours, COD
CrRemove 90.4%, the biogas that is produced is made factory's life energy.
6. pollutant COD in the anaerobic effluent
Cr2040mg/l treats that its post precipitation handles through air supporting, pours air and removes remaining suspension.
7. the air supporting water outlet is handled through the aerobic process contact oxidation method, after second pond a little post precipitation water can discharge (this discharge water COD after measured
Cr＜350mg/l).
8. the excess sludge that gets off of anaerobism, air supporting, Aerobic Process for Treatment stage precipitation returns reaction tank, adds filter aid with useless wine with dregs, enters above-mentioned useless wine with dregs handling procedure.
In the above-described embodiments, replace aluminium chloride, replace thiamine, replace contact oxidation method to carry out alcohol residue improvement for up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic filter combination technique, aerobic process with oxidation ditch process with the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket technology generation with pantothenic acid with polyacrylamide, common environmental protection technical staff can realize.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of improvement method of alcohol residue comprises:
(1), alcohol residue is carried out adding polymeric retention aid filtering agent 30-40ppm after the desanding in reaction tank, fully stir evenly;
(2), the useless wine with dregs that is mixed with filter aid separates with seperator, the poor slag after the separation is made feed;
(3), parting liquid 50-75% add 20-30ppm additive after, the raw material that is back to Alcohol Production adds water spice operation;
(4), remaining 25-50% parting liquid, through 35-53 ℃ of anaerobic digestions 36-48 hours, the biogas of generation do that factory produces or life with can;
(5), the anaerobism water outlet after air supporting, handle water discharging behind the precipitating sludge again through aerobic process;
(6), anaerobism, air supporting and the excess sludge that precipitates aerobic the processing stage, return reaction tank, add filter aid with useless wine with dregs, enter above-mentioned useless wine with dregs handling procedure.
2, alcohol residue improvement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: used filter aid is meant polyacrylamide, aluminium chloride etc.
3, alcohol residue improvement method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: used recycle-water additive is meant thiamine, cellulolytic enzyme, pantothenic acid, inositol etc.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 described alcohol residue improvement methods, it is characterized in that: the poor slag after the wine with dregs that will give up separates carries out hot spray, granulation, drying and makes pellet.
5, according to the described alcohol residue of claim 3 improvement method, it is characterized in that: the poor slag after the wine with dregs that will give up separates carries out hot spray, granulation, drying and makes pellet.
6, according to claim 1 or 2 described alcohol residue improvement methods, it is characterized in that: the said anaerobic digestion of step 4 refers to up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic filter technology or up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket filter technology.
7,, it is characterized in that anaerobic digestion refers to up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic filter technology or up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket filter technology according to the described alcohol residue of claim 3 improvement method.
8, according to claim 1 or 2 described alcohol residue improvement methods, it is characterized in that: the used aerobic process of step (5) is catalytic oxidation technology or oxidation Ditch Technology.
9, according to the described alcohol residue of claim 3 improvement method, it is characterized in that: used aerobic process is catalytic oxidation technology or oxidation Ditch Technology.
10, according to the described alcohol residue of claim 4 improvement method, it is characterized in that: used aerobic process is catalytic oxidation technology or oxidation Ditch Technology.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95111137A CN1050073C (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1995-07-28 | Treating process for waste undecanted wine of alcohol |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95111137A CN1050073C (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1995-07-28 | Treating process for waste undecanted wine of alcohol |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1133209A true CN1133209A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
| CN1050073C CN1050073C (en) | 2000-03-08 |
Family
ID=5078451
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95111137A Expired - Fee Related CN1050073C (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1995-07-28 | Treating process for waste undecanted wine of alcohol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1050073C (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101805100A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-08-18 | 天津大学 | Method for improving activated sludge concentration in alcohol wastewater full-distillage anaerobic digestion process |
| CN102121034A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-07-13 | 江南大学 | Method for producing alcohol by using anaerobic effluent in water recycling way |
| CN102659281A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-12 | 重庆晨鸣水处理设备有限公司 | Treatment method of liquor production wastewater |
| CN104086046A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-10-08 | 南宁市桂润环境工程有限公司 | Efficient decolorization process for wastewater generated by brewing of white spirit |
| CN105129978A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-09 | 成都新筑展博环保科技有限公司 | Dining wastewater treatment method |
| CN105174440A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-23 | 成都新筑展博环保科技有限公司 | Catering sewage treatment system |
| CN108077588A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 广西中粮生物质能源有限公司 | A kind of rice alcohol residue separation method |
| CN112299641A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-02 | 杭州维清环保工程有限公司 | Method for treating waste mash of aged rice alcohol |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101704014B (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2012-09-05 | 邵志军 | Dispersed disposal system and disposal method of household wastes in small towns |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2243257B1 (en) * | 1973-09-06 | 1978-04-28 | Remy Martin Et Co | |
| SU1644878A1 (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1991-04-30 | Технологическо-Конструкторский Институт Научно-Производственного Объединения "Яловены" | Process for preparing feed wine-making waste, such as distillerъs yeast grains |
| CN1056400A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-27 | 陈跃明 | Method for recovering solid matter by treating waste alcoholic fermentation liquor |
| CN1035681C (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1997-08-20 | 湖北省环境保护研究所 | Process for treating waste liquor of distiller's grain of alcohol |
-
1995
- 1995-07-28 CN CN95111137A patent/CN1050073C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101805100A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-08-18 | 天津大学 | Method for improving activated sludge concentration in alcohol wastewater full-distillage anaerobic digestion process |
| CN101805100B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2012-03-28 | 天津大学 | Method for improving activated sludge concentration in alcohol wastewater full-distillage anaerobic digestion process |
| CN102121034A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-07-13 | 江南大学 | Method for producing alcohol by using anaerobic effluent in water recycling way |
| CN102659281A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-12 | 重庆晨鸣水处理设备有限公司 | Treatment method of liquor production wastewater |
| CN105129978A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-09 | 成都新筑展博环保科技有限公司 | Dining wastewater treatment method |
| CN105174440A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-23 | 成都新筑展博环保科技有限公司 | Catering sewage treatment system |
| CN104086046A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-10-08 | 南宁市桂润环境工程有限公司 | Efficient decolorization process for wastewater generated by brewing of white spirit |
| CN108077588A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 广西中粮生物质能源有限公司 | A kind of rice alcohol residue separation method |
| CN112299641A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-02 | 杭州维清环保工程有限公司 | Method for treating waste mash of aged rice alcohol |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1050073C (en) | 2000-03-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101913745B (en) | Process for removing heavy metal from sludge of sewage treatment plants | |
| CN101759316A (en) | Method for treating wastewater containing molasses alcohol | |
| CN103193366A (en) | Integrated treatment method of corn alcohol wastewater | |
| CN1050073C (en) | Treating process for waste undecanted wine of alcohol | |
| CN101366444A (en) | Method for production of high protein salt algae feedstuff additive with glutamic acid wastewater | |
| CN101280322A (en) | Anaerobic fermentation method and device of alcohol waste Liquid | |
| CN105110557A (en) | Method for treating kitchen wastewater through flocculation flotation-oil production microorganisms | |
| CN110591918A (en) | Method for producing algae-derived sugar by purifying secondary tail water or sludge supernatant in coupling mode | |
| CN1067433C (en) | Production of sugar from corn starch and glutamic acid fermentation | |
| CN109019830B (en) | Activated sludge process sludge reduction and floc structure regulation and control method | |
| CN207121472U (en) | A kind of aerobic integrated sewage-treating reactor device of internal circulating anaerobic | |
| JP2531418B2 (en) | Treatment method of beet sugar manufacturing wastewater | |
| CN1035681C (en) | Process for treating waste liquor of distiller's grain of alcohol | |
| CN114149155A (en) | Urine extraction wastewater treatment and nitrogen and phosphorus resource recovery method | |
| CN2143226Y (en) | Two stage fermenting apparatus with anaerobe | |
| Sánchez Riera et al. | Use of a packed-bed reactor for anaerobic treatment of stillage of sugar cane molasses | |
| CN1035726C (en) | Circulation utilization method of alcohol waste liquid for sugar refinery | |
| CN103739145A (en) | High fructose syrup production wastewater treatment technology | |
| CN105523664A (en) | Algin production wastewater pretreatment method | |
| CN214050568U (en) | Operation device capable of reducing content of sediments in biogas slurry pool | |
| CN217555944U (en) | Carbon source adding system applied to anaerobic biogas slurry of kitchen waste | |
| CN1050345C (en) | Method for treatment of coal slurry | |
| CN114853206B (en) | Method for promoting coagulation precipitation of anaerobic fermentation biogas slurry of livestock and poultry manure | |
| CN101353211A (en) | Process for treating waste water of ethanol production from grain and cellulose substances | |
| CN101830605B (en) | Biochemical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |