CN113319996B - Production method of cement composite board and production method of multilayer composite cement board - Google Patents

Production method of cement composite board and production method of multilayer composite cement board Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113319996B
CN113319996B CN202110574712.4A CN202110574712A CN113319996B CN 113319996 B CN113319996 B CN 113319996B CN 202110574712 A CN202110574712 A CN 202110574712A CN 113319996 B CN113319996 B CN 113319996B
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kneading
cement
extrusion
layer
chamber
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CN113319996A (en
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戴东锡
付中
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Wuxi Kangding decoration materials Co.,Ltd.
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/02—Conditioning the material prior to shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
    • B28B3/123—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material on material in moulds or on moulding surfaces moving continuously underneath or between the rollers, e.g. on an endless belt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/22—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by screw or worm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/40—Mixing specially adapted for preparing mixtures containing fibres
    • B28C5/402—Methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/02—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/08—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/10—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood; of wood particle board
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/06—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard specially treated, e.g. surfaced, parchmentised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of a cement composite board, which comprises a material mixing step, a high-speed material mixing step, a kneading and banburying step, a vacuum dehumidification step, an extrusion curing step, a thickness setting treatment step and a maintenance treatment step, wherein a finished cement composite board is obtained after the maintenance treatment step.

Description

Production method of cement composite board and production method of multilayer composite cement board
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production methods of cement composite boards, in particular to a production method of a cement composite board and a production method of a multilayer composite cement board.
Background
At present, in the production process of cement composite boards, all components for producing the cement composite boards are mixed and stirred firstly to obtain slurry raw materials, then the slurry raw materials are poured into a mould for forming, the forming process generally adopts a production method of one-mould-one-board inverted mould forming, the cement composite boards are not continuously produced, the time for each cement composite board to reach the optimal curing strength generally needs 15 days, the curing time of the cement composite boards is longer, more forming moulds are needed for producing the cement composite boards with various dimensions, the production efficiency of the cement composite boards is extremely low, the production cost is higher, in addition, the thickness error of the formed cement composite boards is larger, the thickness dimensions are unstable, the differences of the structural strength, the bending resistance and other properties of the cement composite boards produced in different batches are also large, the cement composite boards obtained after forming and curing need long-time maintenance treatment to remove the internal stress of the cement composite boards, then various machining processes are needed to control the thickness of the cement composite boards within an allowable thickness range, the number of subsequent process steps is large, the loss in the machining process is also large, and a large amount of dust pollution is generated in the machining process, so that improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of a cement composite board, which can be used for continuously producing the cement composite board and has the advantages of simple process, high production efficiency and low production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the production method of the cement composite board comprises the following steps,
a material preparation step, namely preparing raw materials according to the weight percentage, wherein the raw materials comprise 30-40% of cement powder, 10-20% of wood fiber, 5-10% of lignin, 2-5% of lignocellulose, 5-10% of talcum powder, 2-5% of xanthan gum, 0.5-5% of a water reducing agent and 10-15% of water;
a high-speed mixing step, namely putting cement powder, wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, talcum powder, xanthan gum and a water reducing agent into a high-speed stirring chamber of a high-speed mixer, stirring, converting water into water mist through at least one nozzle, spraying the water mist into the high-speed stirring chamber, and spraying the water mist with the weight percentage of 10-15 percent into the high-speed stirring chamber within 1-5 minutes, wherein the cement powder generates hydration reaction to form mud,
converting the raw materials in the high-speed mixer into mud-shaped or small-ball-shaped gel, wherein the gel comprises gel formed by xanthan gum and wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, a water reducing agent and talcum powder which are uniformly distributed and wrapped in the gel;
a kneading and banburying step, namely conveying the gel to kneading equipment, kneading and banburying the gel through a kneading rod of at least one kneading equipment until the gel is kneaded to form a plurality of dough-shaped raw materials with plasticity and viscosity;
a vacuum dehumidification step, namely conveying the bulk raw material to a vacuum treatment chamber, performing vacuum treatment through the vacuum treatment chamber, extracting gas and moisture in the bulk raw material, and discharging the bulk raw material from the vacuum treatment chamber to obtain a raw material for extrusion molding;
an extrusion curing step, namely conveying the raw materials for extrusion molding to a screw extrusion molding mechanism, continuously extruding and molding at normal temperature, continuously extruding a sheet-shaped cement board blank through an extrusion die head of the screw extrusion molding mechanism, primarily curing and basically shaping the extruded cement board blank through extrusion molding by using xanthan gum, and enabling the surface hardness of the extruded cement board blank to reach the Shore hardness of 25-30 ℃;
a thickness fixing treatment step, namely performing thickness fixing treatment on the cement board blank through at least one thickness fixing rolling device to obtain a cement board with a set thickness, wherein the surface hardness of the cement board reaches 35-40 degrees of Shore hardness;
a maintenance treatment step, in which the cement board is maintained;
and a finished product step, namely obtaining a finished product cement composite board after the curing treatment step, wherein the surface hardness of the finished product cement composite board is controlled to be more than 80HV, and the bending strength reaches more than 20 MPa.
Further, in the kneading and banburying step, the kneading equipment comprises high-speed kneading equipment and low-speed kneading equipment, the gel is firstly conveyed to the high-speed kneading equipment for high-speed kneading and banburying, and then is conveyed to the low-speed kneading equipment for low-speed kneading and banburying, and the rotating speed of a kneading rod of the low-speed kneading equipment is lower than that of a kneading rod of the high-speed kneading equipment; in the kneading and banburying step, firstly, the gel is kneaded to a state that the gel is initially rolled by high-speed kneading equipment, then the gel is continuously kneaded by low-speed kneading equipment until a plurality of dough-shaped raw materials with plasticity and viscosity are formed in a kneading and banburying chamber of the low-speed kneading equipment, and the dough-shaped raw materials are continuously output to the vacuum treatment chamber by the low-speed kneading equipment so as to realize continuous output of the dough-shaped raw materials;
in the thickness-fixing processing step, the thickness-fixing rolling equipment selects at least one of a thickness-fixing belt rolling mechanism, a thickness-fixing roller set and a tabletting type circulating crawler belt;
the method for carrying out thickness setting treatment on the cement board blank by the thickness setting belt pressing and conveying mechanism is to press and convey the cement board blank forwards by a circulating conveying belt arranged on a thickness setting frame and press and roll the cement board blank by the circulating conveying belt in the conveying process;
the method for carrying out thickness setting treatment on the cement board blank by the thickness setting press roll group is to forward press-feed the cement board blank by a plurality of thickness setting press roll groups arranged on a thickness setting rack and roll the cement board blank by the thickness setting press roll group in the conveying process;
the method for carrying out thickness-fixing treatment on the cement board blank by the tablet type circulating crawler belt is characterized in that the cement board blank is forwards pressed and conveyed by at least one tablet type circulating crawler belt arranged on a thickness-fixing frame, and the cement board blank is extruded by the tablet type circulating crawler belt in the conveying process;
the thickness of the cement board blank plate is reduced by rolling of the fixed-thickness pressing roller group or extrusion of the tabletting type circulating crawler, the thickness of the cement board blank plate is controlled within a set error range in the fixed-thickness processing step, and meanwhile, extrusion drainage and accelerated curing and shaping speed are realized, so that the thickness of the obtained cement board is equal to or close to the thickness of the finished cement composite board.
Further, in the kneading and banburying steps,
a kneading output mechanism is respectively arranged below the kneading equipment and comprises a kneading discharge barrel and a kneading discharge screw rod arranged in the kneading discharge barrel, the upper side of the kneading discharge barrel is provided with a kneading feed inlet communicated with the kneading mixing chamber of the kneading equipment, and the other side of the kneading discharge barrel is provided with a kneading discharge outlet;
the high-speed kneading equipment is fixed at the upper side of the low-speed kneading equipment, a kneading discharge port of a kneading output mechanism fixed below the high-speed kneading equipment extends to the upper part of a kneading and banburying chamber of the low-speed kneading equipment, and the gel is subjected to high-speed kneading and banburying treatment and then is continuously conveyed to the low-speed kneading equipment for low-speed kneading and banburying treatment;
the rotating speed of the kneading rod of the high-speed kneading equipment is 300-600 revolutions per minute, and the rotating speed of the kneading rod of the low-speed kneading equipment is 30-250 revolutions per minute;
in the step of the thickness-fixing treatment,
the cement board blank is subjected to thickness setting treatment through a thickness setting belt pressing and conveying mechanism, an upper circulating conveying belt and a lower circulating conveying belt are mounted on the thickness setting machine frame, a belt pressing and conveying channel which penetrates through the two circulating conveying belts front and back is formed between the two circulating conveying belts, and the upper circulating conveying belt and the lower circulating conveying belt which are positioned in the belt pressing and conveying channel are abutted through compression rollers or pressing plates mounted on the upper side and the lower side of the belt pressing and conveying channel, so that the cement board blank is extruded through the belt pressing and conveying channel and through the upper circulating conveying belt and the lower circulating conveying belt of the belt pressing and conveying channel;
the method comprises the steps that thickness setting treatment is carried out through a thickness setting press roll group, so that a cement board blank sequentially passes through a plurality of thickness setting press roll groups, one thickness setting press roll group comprises two press rolls which are arranged on a thickness setting rack at intervals, are vertically aligned and have opposite rotating directions, the cement board blank sequentially passes through the upper press roll and the lower press roll of each thickness setting press roll group to synchronously roll the upper surface and the lower surface of the cement board blank, the press plate interval between the upper press roll and the lower press roll of each thickness setting press roll group is gradually reduced along the advancing direction of the cement board blank, the cement board blank is compressed step by step in a grading manner, and finally the cement board blank is completely shaped;
the method comprises the following steps that thickness is determined through a tabletting type circulating crawler belt, the tabletting type circulating crawler belt is installed on the first side of a thickness determining rack, a pressing plate channel which penetrates through the front and the back is arranged in the middle of the tabletting type circulating crawler belt, one of a pressing roller, a circulating conveying belt or the tabletting type circulating crawler belt is installed on the second side of the tabletting type circulating crawler belt, and a cement board blank is conveyed and extruded forwards through the pressing plate channel, wherein the tabletting type circulating crawler belt is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of pressing plates, the width of each pressing plate is larger than that of the cement board blank, the length of each pressing plate is 3-20cm, one side of the tabletting type circulating crawler belt, which is pressed against the cement board blank, is set as a pressing plate side, the inner side of the pressing plate side is pressed against the cement board blank, and the outer side of the pressing plate side is provided with at least one pressing roller;
controlling the thickness error of the cement plate obtained after the thickness fixing treatment to be below 0.5%;
the width of the cement board blank is limited at least by the fixed width boards arranged on the left side and the right side of the fixed thickness rack.
Further, two sets of preforming formula circulation tracks about installing at the thicknessing frame, be provided with a clamp plate passageway between two sets of preforming formula circulation tracks from top to bottom, the sheetmetal is chooseed for use to the preforming, preforming formula circulation track is the circulation conveyer belt that a plurality of sheetmetals formed of connecting in order, the outside on the clamp plate side of two upper and lower group preforming formula circulation tracks sets up a plurality of pinch rolls at the interval respectively, the vertical alignment of the pinch roll of the corresponding position of two upper and lower group preforming formula circulation tracks, send into the clamp plate passageway with the cement slab embryonic plate, extrude the cement slab embryonic plate simultaneously and carry the cement slab forward through two upper and lower groups of preforming formula circulation tracks.
Further, in the vacuum dehumidification step, the dough-shaped raw materials are continuously extruded towards the vacuum treatment chamber through a feeding extrusion chamber which is hermetically arranged above the vacuum treatment chamber;
the method comprises the following steps of enabling a bulk raw material to downwards pass through a material distributing and extruding screen plate which is arranged in a feeding and extruding chamber or a vacuum processing chamber and provided with a plurality of extruding holes, continuously and downwards extruding the bulk raw material from the extruding holes to obtain a plurality of strip-shaped materials, releasing gas and water contained in the bulk raw material into the vacuum processing chamber, and hermetically separating the feeding and extruding chamber from the vacuum processing chamber through the material distributing and extruding screen plate and the strip-shaped materials which are extruded in the extruding holes;
making the strip-shaped material downwards pass through a vacuum treatment chamber, and pumping gas and water out of the vacuum treatment chamber;
in the step of extrusion curing, an extrusion feeding chamber of the screw extrusion molding mechanism is hermetically arranged below the vacuum treatment chamber, so that strip materials passing through the vacuum treatment chamber respectively fall into the extrusion feeding chamber, and the raw materials for extrusion molding are obtained in the extrusion feeding chamber;
an extrusion machine barrel is arranged in the middle of the screw extrusion molding mechanism, the rear side of an extrusion molding pushing screw rod rotatably arranged in the extrusion machine barrel extends into the extrusion feeding chamber, the front side of the extrusion molding pushing screw rod is adjacent to an extrusion die head arranged on the front side of the screw extrusion molding mechanism, the extrusion molding raw material continuously falling into the extrusion feeding chamber is pushed out of the extrusion feeding chamber by the extrusion molding pushing screw rod extending into the extrusion feeding chamber and is sent into the extrusion machine barrel, and the extrusion molding pushing screw rod continuously pushes the extrusion molding raw material in the extrusion feeding chamber;
mixing the extrusion molding raw materials entering the extruder barrel into a cluster under the extrusion and mixing actions of the extrusion molding pushing screw at normal temperature, and finally continuously extruding through an extrusion die head to obtain the cement board blank;
wherein the temperature in the extruder barrel and the extrusion temperature of the extrusion die head are both controlled at 20-30 ℃;
a surface drying step is added after the thickness-fixing treatment step,
and a surface drying step, namely conveying the cement board forwards, enabling the cement board to pass through a tunnel type drying oven, and carrying out surface drying treatment on the cement board through the tunnel type drying oven to obtain the cured cement board, wherein the water content of the cement board after surface drying is controlled to be below 15%, the surface hardness reaches 65-70 degrees, and the bending strength reaches 15-18 MPa.
Furthermore, a feed hopper is arranged at the rear side of the screw extrusion molding mechanism, the inner cavity of the feed hopper is arranged into the extrusion feeding chamber, a vacuum processing device is hermetically arranged above the feed hopper, the inner cavity of the vacuum processing device is arranged into the vacuum processing chamber, an extruding device is hermetically arranged above the vacuum processing device, the inner cavity of the extruding device is arranged into the feeding extruding chamber, the vacuum processing chamber and the extrusion feeding chamber are vertically aligned, the upper part of the vacuum processing chamber is communicated with the lower part of the feeding extruding chamber, and the lower part of the vacuum processing chamber is communicated with the extrusion feeding chamber; the extruding device, the vacuum processing device and the screw extrusion molding mechanism which are assembled into a whole form a dehumidifying and extruding composite device which is used for sequentially realizing the vacuum dehumidifying step and the extruding and curing step and realizing continuous production;
conveying the bulk raw materials to an extruding device, and extruding the bulk raw materials in a feeding and extruding chamber downwards through an extruding device arranged in the feeding and extruding chamber;
the material distributing and extruding screen plate is provided with a material distributing and extruding screen plate, a material extruding device is arranged on the material distributing and extruding screen plate, the material extruding device is used for extruding and molding a bulk raw material downwards through each material extruding hole of the material distributing and extruding screen plate and then feeding the bulk raw material into a vacuum treatment chamber, the upper part of the vacuum treatment chamber is sealed at the material distributing and extruding screen plate through the bulk raw material piled above the material distributing and extruding screen plate and extruding strip-shaped materials filled in each material extruding hole, and each strip-shaped material is sucked downwards under the assistance of the negative pressure environment of the vacuum treatment chamber;
extruding the bulk raw materials into a plurality of strip materials which are continuous in length, smaller in transverse section, larger in surface area and distributed at intervals through a material distributing and extruding screen plate, continuously extruding the strip materials towards a vacuum treatment chamber, and allowing the strip materials to downwards penetrate through the vacuum treatment chamber with a set height under the action of self weight;
continuously pumping gas and water in the vacuum processing chamber by an air pumping device connected with the vacuum processing chamber, and controlling the vacuum degree of the vacuum processing chamber to be 0.5-2 MPa;
the strip materials extruded into the extruder barrel by the extrusion molding pushing screw are mixed into a cluster under the stirring and mixing action of the extrusion molding pushing screw, and are subjected to compression treatment, mixing treatment and shearing treatment in the extruder barrel along with continuous forward extrusion of the extrusion molding pushing screw, and are continuously extruded through the extrusion die head.
Further, in the step of batching, lignocellulose with the viscosity of 2000 ten thousand is selected;
in the high-speed mixing step, spraying water mist of wine towards a high-speed stirring chamber through a plurality of spray heads, wherein the average particle of the water mist is controlled to be 0.01-0.1mm, stirring to the initial agglomeration of the raw materials in the high-speed mixer in the high-speed mixing step, forming a super-bonding banded spiral copolymer by sol molecules of xanthan gum in the high-speed stirring process to form a net-shaped structure body, and mutually staggering the net-shaped structure bodies of xanthan gum in a three-dimensional space to wrap wood fiber, lignin and lignocellulose and condense to form a plurality of relatively separated small agglomerates or small blocks of the gel;
in the kneading and banburying step, a kneading device is provided with a kneading and banburying chamber, two kneading rods with opposite rotation directions are installed in the kneading and banburying chamber, the two kneading rods are respectively provided with at least one kneading part protruding along the radial direction, the corresponding kneading parts of the two kneading rods are adjacently arranged along the axial direction and are in clearance fit, the outer sides of the kneading parts are respectively in clearance fit with the inner wall of the kneading and banburying chamber, gel is put into the kneading and banburying chamber, and the gel is continuously kneaded by the two kneading rods to obtain a bulk raw material, wherein the average diameter of the bulk raw material is larger than 10 cm;
in the kneading and banburying steps, a low shearing effect is generated on xanthan gum in gel during kneading and banburying, the xanthan gum in the gel forms network rubber ribs with dense grids, the network rubber ribs are uniformly and densely distributed in each area of the bulk raw material, the network rubber ribs wrap gas and moisture generated by the bulk raw material, and densely distributed air holes are formed in the bulk raw material;
in the vacuum dehumidification step, a bulk raw material is continuously fed from an upper opening of a feeding and extruding chamber, the bulk raw material is pushed downwards into an extruding channel arranged below the extruding screw through an extruding screw arranged in the feeding and extruding chamber, the bulk raw material downwards passes through a material distributing and extruding screen plate arranged in the extruding channel or below the extruding channel, the bulk raw material is stacked to a set height above the material distributing and extruding screen plate and the set extrusion force is protected, and the upper space of the material distributing and extruding screen plate is sealed by the bulk raw material which is extruded and stacked above the material distributing and extruding screen plate;
controlling the vacuum degree of a vacuum processing chamber to be 0.8-1.5MPa, after a bulk raw material is extruded through an extruding hole and is converted into a plurality of strip materials, dispersing and wrapping air holes in the bulk raw material in each corresponding strip material, reducing the volume of the air holes in the strip materials and increasing the pressure, after the strip materials enter the vacuum processing chamber, enabling the air pressure outside the strip materials to be far smaller than the pressure in the air holes in the strip materials, respectively expanding and breaking the air holes in the strip materials, enabling the inside and the outside of the strip materials to be distributed with fine microcracks, enabling the diameters of gas and water in the air holes in the strip materials to be shot into the vacuum processing chamber through the fine microcracks, and enabling the inside and the outside of the strip materials to simultaneously and quickly discharge the gas and the water;
the feeding and extruding chamber is maintained, cleaned or overhauled through an openable first door body which is hermetically arranged on one side of the feeding and extruding chamber;
performing maintenance, cleaning or overhaul of the vacuum processing chamber through an openable second door body hermetically installed at one side of the vacuum processing chamber;
the extrusion feed chamber is maintained, cleaned or overhauled by an openable third door body which is mounted in a sealed manner on one side of the extrusion feed chamber.
In the surface drying step, the temperature in the tunnel type drying oven is controlled to be 60-100 ℃ for hot air drying, so that the residual moisture of the cement board subjected to thickness setting treatment is removed, the surface is dried and shaped, and the time for the cement board to pass through the tunnel type drying oven is controlled to be 5-30 minutes;
the finished cement composite board is a single-structure-layer board which is provided with various composite materials and does not contain a glass fiber cloth layer.
Further, in the extrusion curing step, the extrusion molding raw materials are mixed, internally mixed and sheared in the extrusion cylinder in the process of extruding and pushing the extrusion molding raw materials through the extrusion molding pushing screw, the extrusion molding raw materials in the extrusion cylinder are mixed into a high-fluidity raw material cluster due to the fact that the viscosity of the xanthan gum is rapidly reduced under the action of high shearing force, after the raw material cluster enters the extrusion die head and is extruded from the extrusion die head, the viscosity of the xanthan gum is rapidly increased due to disappearance of the shearing force, pseudoplasticity is presented, the cement board embryonic plates which are primarily cured and basically shaped are obtained through extrusion molding, and the temperatures of the extrusion feeding chamber, the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die head are all set to be 20-30 ℃;
the thickness fixing treatment step, namely the thickness of the cement board obtained after the thickness fixing treatment is equal to or close to that of the finished cement composite board, and the mass density is 1.4 +/-0.1 g/mm 3;
cutting, namely cutting the cement plate obtained after the thickness setting treatment by using cutting equipment to obtain the cement plate with the set length specification;
in the surface drying step, hot air with the temperature controlled between 80 and 90 ℃ is used for drying in a tunnel type drying oven, the cement board subjected to natural curing treatment is subjected to surface drying treatment through the tunnel type drying oven, the time of the tunnel type drying oven is controlled between 5 and 10 minutes, and moisture in the tunnel type drying oven is pumped out through an air extractor;
in the maintenance treatment step, the cement board subjected to surface drying treatment is sucked and removed through a vacuum chuck, stacked to a tray and then sent to a maintenance room for maintenance, the temperature of the maintenance room is controlled to be 40-60 ℃, and the maintenance room is pushed out after being maintained for 24 hours;
natural curing treatment, namely performing natural curing treatment on the cut cement plate for 5-7 days to control the surface hardness of the cement plate to be 85-90 HV;
and the step of finishing the product to obtain the finished cement composite board.
In another technical scheme of the invention, the production method of the multilayer composite cement board comprises the following steps,
a production step of a finished cement composite board, wherein the finished cement composite board is produced according to the production method of the cement composite board;
and compounding, namely compounding at least one surface wear-resistant layer and a decorative layer above the finished cement composite board, and compounding at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a mute layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer above and/or below the finished cement composite board, wherein the surface wear-resistant layer is positioned on the top layer of the multilayer composite cement board, and the decorative layer is compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer to obtain the multilayer composite cement board.
Further, in the compounding step, at least one of the solid wood layer, the soft cushion layer, the waterproof layer and the mute layer is compounded above the finished cement composite board, and at least one of the solid wood layer, the soft cushion layer, the waterproof layer, the mute layer and the balance paper layer is compounded below the finished cement composite board;
the finished cement composite board is used as a base material layer of the multilayer composite cement board or one material layer except the base material layer;
the decorative layer comprises a pattern paper layer, a solid wood sheet layer, a ceramic tile layer or a PVC color film layer;
the compounding comprises a hot-pressing compounding mode, a viscose compounding mode, a spraying compounding mode and an in-mold forming compounding mode which uses a mold for integral forming;
the surface wear-resistant layer is at least one of a melamine impregnated paper layer or a wear-resistant paper layer, an aluminum oxide wear-resistant layer, a UV paint wear-resistant layer and a PVC wear-resistant sheet which are compounded on the top surface of the multilayer composite cement board;
the multilayer composite cement board obtained by compounding is distinguished according to the use type and comprises a floor or a wallboard;
the produced multilayer composite cement board comprises one of the following three structures according to structural distinction,
1) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board arranged at the bottommost layer, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded between the decorative layer and the finished cement composite board;
2) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded below the finished cement composite board;
3) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board arranged in the middle, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded above and below the finished cement composite board respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention realizes the continuous production of the cement composite board, has simple process, high production efficiency and low production cost, and the produced cement composite board not only has high structural strength, but also has stable dimension and stable physical performance.
The invention uses the continuous production method to produce the cement composite board, the surface flatness is high after the thickness setting treatment, the surface quality is high, the surface machining is not needed to be carried out in the later stage to improve the surface quality, the length, the width and the thickness of the cement composite board are effectively controlled, the length, the width and the thickness of the cement composite board are very stable, and the comprehensive quality is stable.
The invention greatly shortens the curing time of the cement composite board, reduces the average production period by at least 70 percent compared with the traditional production method, cancels a large amount of later mechanical processing and post treatment steps, reduces dust pollution simultaneously, and produces the cement composite board which does not contain a glass fiber cloth layer but has higher structural strength.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thickness setting process using a thickness setting roller set according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention for performing a thickness fixing process using a blade-type endless track.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the kneading apparatus of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are:
1 vacuum processing device 11 vacuum processing chamber 12 divides the material and extrudes the material hole 14 and feeds and extrudes the material room of the material screen 13.
2 screw extrusion moulding mechanism 21 extrusion die 22 extrusion feed chamber 23 extrusion cylinder 24 extrusion moulding push screw 25 feed hopper.
And 3, a tunnel type oven.
4 constant thickness frame 41 pressing type circulating caterpillar 42 pressing roller 43 belt pressing roller 44 kneading discharge cylinder 45 kneading banburying chamber
46 kneading bar 47 kneads the discharge screw.
5 cement board blank.
Detailed Description
A method of producing a cementitious composite panel, as shown in figures 1 to 4, comprises the steps of,
a material preparation step, namely preparing raw materials according to the weight percentage, wherein the raw materials comprise 30-40% of cement powder, 10-20% of wood fiber, 5-10% of lignin, 2-5% of lignocellulose, 5-10% of talcum powder, 2-5% of xanthan gum, 0.5-5% of a water reducing agent and 10-15% of water; the lignocellulose is selected from lignocellulose with viscosity of 2000 ten thousand.
The high-speed mixing step comprises the steps of firstly putting cement powder, wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, talcum powder, xanthan gum and a water reducing agent into a high-speed stirring chamber of a high-speed mixer, then starting stirring, converting water into water mist through at least one nozzle, spraying the water mist into the high-speed stirring chamber, and sending the water mist with the weight percentage of 10-15% into the high-speed stirring chamber within 1-5 minutes, wherein the cement powder generates hydration reaction to form mud.
Converting the raw materials in the high-speed mixer into mud-shaped gel, preferably stirring the raw materials in the high-speed mixer into small-ball-shaped gel, wherein the gel comprises gel formed by xanthan gum and wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, a water reducing agent and talcum powder which are uniformly distributed and wrapped in the gel; during the high-speed stirring process, sol molecules of the xanthan gum form a super-bonding banded spiral copolymer to form a net-shaped structure body, and the net-shaped structure bodies of the xanthan gum are mutually staggered in a three-dimensional space so as to wrap wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, a water reducing agent and talcum powder and coagulate to form a plurality of relatively separated small-packed gel bodies.
Specifically, in the high-speed mixing process, wine water mist is sprayed towards a high-speed stirring chamber through a plurality of spray heads, the average particle size of the water mist is controlled to be 0.01-0.1mm through the spray heads, the raw materials in the high-speed mixing machine are stirred to be initially agglomerated in the high-speed mixing step, sol molecules of xanthan gum form a super-junction banded spiral copolymer in the high-speed stirring process to form a reticular structure body, and the reticular structure bodies of xanthan gum are mutually staggered in a three-dimensional space so as to wrap wood fiber, lignin and lignocellulose and coagulate to form a plurality of relatively separated small-packed or small-blocky gels.
And a kneading and banburying step, namely conveying the gel to kneading equipment, kneading and banburying the gel through a kneading rod 46 of at least one kneading equipment until the gel is kneaded to form a plurality of dough-shaped raw materials with plasticity and viscosity.
Specifically, the gel obtained in the high-speed mixing step is conveyed to a kneading device, and the gel is kneaded and banburied through a kneading rod 46 of the kneading device until the gel is kneaded to form a plurality of dough-shaped raw materials with plasticity and viscosity; preferably, the kneading device is provided with a kneading and mixing chamber 45, two kneading rods 46 with opposite rotation directions are installed in the kneading and mixing chamber 45, the two kneading rods 46 are respectively provided with at least one kneading part protruding in the radial direction, the corresponding kneading parts of the two kneading rods 46 are adjacently arranged along the axial direction and are in clearance fit, the outer sides of the kneading parts are respectively in clearance fit with the inner wall of the kneading and mixing chamber 45, gel is put into the kneading and mixing chamber 45, and the gel is continuously kneaded by the two kneading rods 46 to obtain a bulk raw material, and the average diameter of the bulk raw material is larger than 10 cm. Specifically, a low shearing effect is generated on xanthan gum in gel during kneading and banburying, the xanthan gum in the gel forms network rubber ribs with dense grids, the network rubber ribs are uniformly and densely distributed in each area of the bulk raw material, a network structure body of the network rubber ribs wraps gas and moisture generated by the bulk raw material, and densely distributed air holes are formed in the bulk raw material.
Wherein the kneading equipment comprises high-speed kneading equipment and low-speed kneading equipment, the gel is firstly conveyed to the high-speed kneading equipment for high-speed kneading and banburying, the rotating speed of a kneading rod 46 of the high-speed kneading equipment is 300-600 revolutions per minute, the gel is quickly agglomerated through high-speed kneading and banburying, dense network rubber ribs are quickly formed, the kneading time is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the gel is further conveyed to low-speed kneading equipment for low-speed kneading and banburying through high-speed kneading and banburying, the rotating speed of a kneading rod 46 of the low-speed kneading equipment is 30-250 revolutions per minute, the low-speed kneading and banburying improves the kneading effect, the distribution of the generated network rubber ribs is more uniform, and the criss-cross network rubber ribs can be mutually connected, thereby forming a network rubber rib structure with larger volume scale, wherein the rotating speed of the kneading rod 46 of the low-speed kneading equipment is lower than that of the kneading rod 46 of the high-speed kneading equipment; in the kneading and banburying steps, firstly, the gel is kneaded to a state that the gel is initially agglomerated by high-speed kneading equipment, and then, the kneading is continued by low-speed kneading equipment, so that the continuous output of the agglomerated raw materials is ensured while the kneading effect is improved.
A kneading output mechanism is respectively arranged below the kneading equipment and comprises a kneading discharge barrel 44 and a kneading discharge screw 47 arranged in the kneading discharge barrel 44, the upper side of the kneading discharge barrel 44 is provided with a kneading feed inlet communicated with a kneading mixing chamber 45 of the kneading equipment, and the other side is provided with a kneading discharge outlet; the high-speed kneading equipment is fixed at the upper side of the low-speed kneading equipment, a kneading discharge port of a kneading output mechanism fixed below the high-speed kneading equipment extends to the upper part of a kneading and banburying chamber 45 of the low-speed kneading equipment, and the gel is subjected to high-speed kneading and banburying treatment and then is continuously conveyed to the low-speed kneading equipment for low-speed kneading and banburying treatment; until a plurality of dough-shaped raw materials with plasticity and viscosity are formed in the kneading and mixing chamber 45 of the low-speed kneading equipment, the dough-shaped raw materials are continuously output to the vacuum treatment chamber 11 through the low-speed kneading equipment so as to realize continuous output of the dough-shaped raw materials and realize continuous feeding and continuous production.
And a vacuum dehumidification step of conveying the dough material to the vacuum treatment chamber 11, performing vacuum treatment in the vacuum treatment chamber 11, removing gas and moisture in the dough material, and discharging the dough material from the vacuum treatment chamber 11 to obtain a raw material for extrusion molding.
Specifically, the dough raw material is continuously extruded towards the vacuum processing chamber 11 through a feeding extrusion chamber 14 which is hermetically arranged above the vacuum processing chamber 11; the method comprises the following steps of enabling a bulk raw material to downwards pass through a material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 which is arranged in a feeding and extruding chamber 14 or a vacuum processing chamber 11 and is provided with a plurality of extruding holes 13, continuously and downwards extruding the bulk raw material from each extruding hole 13 to obtain a plurality of strip-shaped materials, enabling gas and water contained in the bulk raw material to be released into the vacuum processing chamber 11, and sealing and separating the feeding and extruding chamber 14 and the vacuum processing chamber 11 through the material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 and the strip-shaped materials which are extruded in each extruding hole 13; the strip is passed down through the vacuum treatment chamber 11 and gas and moisture are evacuated through the vacuum treatment chamber 11.
An extrusion curing step, namely conveying the raw materials for extrusion molding to a screw extrusion molding mechanism 2, continuously extruding and molding at normal temperature, continuously extruding the sheet-shaped cement board blank 5 through an extrusion die head 21 of the screw extrusion molding mechanism 2, primarily curing and basically shaping the extruded cement board blank 5 through extrusion molding by using xanthan gum, and enabling the surface hardness of the extruded cement board blank 5 to reach the Shore hardness of 25-30 ℃;
specifically, the extrusion feed chamber 22 of the screw extrusion molding mechanism 2 is hermetically installed below the vacuum processing chamber 11, so that the strip-shaped materials passing through the vacuum processing chamber 11 respectively fall into the extrusion feed chamber 22, and the raw materials for extrusion molding are obtained in the extrusion feed chamber 22; an extrusion machine barrel 23 is arranged in the middle of the screw extrusion molding mechanism 2, the rear side of an extrusion molding pushing screw 24 rotatably arranged in the extrusion machine barrel 23 extends into an extrusion feed chamber 22, the front side is adjacent to an extrusion die head 21 arranged on the front side of the screw extrusion molding mechanism 2, the extrusion molding raw material continuously falling into the extrusion feed chamber 22 is pushed out of the extrusion feed chamber 22 by the extrusion molding pushing screw 24 extending into the extrusion feed chamber 22 and is fed into the extrusion machine barrel 23, and the extrusion molding pushing screw 24 continuously pushes the extrusion molding raw material in the feed chamber; the extrusion molding raw materials entering the extrusion cylinder 23 are mixed into a cluster under the extrusion and conveying action and the mixing action of the extrusion molding pushing screw 24 at normal temperature, and are continuously extruded through the extrusion die head 21 to obtain the cement board blank 5, wherein the temperature in the extrusion cylinder 23 and the extrusion temperature of the extrusion die head 21 are both controlled to be 20-30 ℃.
Preferably, the vacuum dehumidification step and the extrusion curing step are sequentially realized through a dehumidification extrusion compounding device. Specifically, a feed hopper 25 is installed at the rear side of the screw extrusion molding mechanism 2, the inner cavity of the feed hopper 25 is set as an extrusion feed chamber 22, a vacuum processing device 1 is hermetically installed above the feed hopper 25, the inner cavity of the vacuum processing device 1 is set as a vacuum processing chamber 11, an extrusion device is hermetically installed above the vacuum processing device 1, the inner cavity of the extrusion device is set as a feeding extrusion chamber 14, the vacuum processing chamber 11 and the extrusion feed chamber 22 are vertically aligned, the upper part of the vacuum processing chamber 11 is communicated with the lower part of the feeding extrusion chamber 14, and the lower part of the vacuum processing chamber 11 is communicated with the extrusion feed chamber 22; the extruding device, the vacuum processing device 1 and the screw extrusion molding mechanism 2 which are assembled into a whole form dehumidification extrusion composite equipment which is used for sequentially realizing the vacuum dehumidification step and the extrusion curing step and realizing continuous production.
The dough raw materials are conveyed to an extruding device, and are extruded downwards in a feeding and extruding chamber 14 through an extruder arranged in the feeding and extruding chamber 14; the raw material of the lump body is extruded and formed downwards through the extrusion holes 13 of the material dividing and extruding screen plate 12 by the extrusion of the extruder and enters the vacuum processing chamber 11. Specifically, the bulk raw material is continuously fed from an upper opening of the feeding and extruding chamber 14, and is pushed downwards into an extruding channel arranged below the extruding screw by an extruding screw installed in the feeding and extruding chamber 14, so that the bulk raw material downwards passes through a material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 arranged in the extruding channel or below the extruding channel, the bulk raw material is stacked above the material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 by a set height and a set extrusion force, and the upper space of the material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 is sealed by the bulk raw material which is extruded and stacked above the material distributing and extruding screen plate 12.
The upper part of the vacuum processing chamber 11 is sealed at the material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 through the bulk raw material piled above the material distributing and extruding screen plate 12 and the strip-shaped material which is squeezed and filled in each extruding hole 13, and each strip-shaped material is sucked downwards under the assistance of the negative pressure environment of the vacuum processing chamber 11; the material-distributing and material-extruding screen plate 12 extrudes the bulk material into a plurality of strip-shaped materials which are continuous in length, smaller in transverse section, larger in surface area and distributed at intervals, and continuously extrudes the strip-shaped materials towards the vacuum processing chamber 11, and each strip-shaped material downwards passes through the vacuum processing chamber 11 with a set height under the action of self weight.
Specifically, the vacuum degree of the vacuum processing chamber 11 is controlled at 0.8-1.5MPa, after the bulk raw material is extruded through the extrusion holes 13 and is converted into a plurality of strip-shaped materials, the air holes in the bulk raw material are dispersed and wrapped in the corresponding strip-shaped materials, the volume of the air holes in the strip-shaped materials is reduced and the pressure is increased, after the strip-shaped materials enter the vacuum processing chamber 11, the air pressure outside the strip-shaped materials is far smaller than the pressure in the air holes in the strip-shaped materials, the air holes in the strip-shaped materials are respectively expanded and broken, so that the inside and the outside of the strip-shaped materials are distributed with fine cracks, the air and water diameters in the air holes in the strip-shaped materials are exposed into the vacuum processing chamber 11 through the fine cracks, the vacuum degree of the vacuum processing chamber 11 is controlled at 0.5-2MPa, so that the air and water are simultaneously and rapidly discharged from the inside and the outside of the strip-shaped materials, the air and the water in the vacuum processing chamber 11 are continuously pumped by an air extractor connected with the vacuum processing chamber 11, and are extruded and pushed into an extruder barrel 23 through an extrusion forming pushing screw 24 The strands are mixed into a mass by the stirring and mixing action of the extrusion molding pushing screw 24, and are subjected to compression treatment, kneading treatment and shearing treatment in the extruder barrel 23 as the extrusion molding pushing screw 24 is continuously pushed forward, and are continuously extruded through the extrusion die 21. The viscosity of the cement in the composite board can be properly reduced through mixing treatment and shearing treatment, the composite board is more smooth when being extruded and molded through the extrusion die head 21, the cement can be further more fully mixed with the wood fiber, the lignin, the lignocellulose, the water reducing agent and the talcum powder in the raw materials, the cement paste is uniformly and firmly attached to the surfaces of the fibers in the wood fiber, the lignin, the lignocellulose and the like to form a cement paste layer, the cement paste in the cement paste layer can penetrate into the fibers to be firmly bonded to the surfaces of the fibers in the wood fiber, the lignin and the lignocellulose, and the mutual contact positions or lap joints of different fibers in the wood fiber, the lignin and the lignocellulose have extremely strong bonding force so as to form a three-dimensional structure fiber net which is of a three-dimensional structure and is continuously distributed in the cement composite board, the three-dimensional structure fiber net greatly improves the compression structure strength, the tensile structure strength, the bending strength and the like of the cement composite board, and referring to the experimental comparison parameters in the table 1, compared with the traditional cement composite board, the anti-impact performance of the cement composite board is improved by 20-30%, and the sun-proof and anti-cracking functions are improved by 30-50%.
Specifically, the extrusion molding raw materials are mixed, internally mixed and sheared in the extrusion cylinder 23 in the process of extruding and pushing the extrusion molding raw materials through the extrusion molding pushing screw 24, the extrusion molding raw materials in the extrusion cylinder 23 are mixed into a high-fluidity raw material cluster due to the fact that the viscosity of the xanthan gum is rapidly reduced under the action of high shearing force, after the raw material cluster enters the extrusion die head 21 and is extruded from the extrusion die head 21, the viscosity of the xanthan gum is rapidly increased due to disappearance of shearing force, pseudoplasticity is presented, then the cement board blank 5 which is preliminarily cured and basically shaped is obtained through extrusion molding, the temperatures of the extrusion feeding chamber 22, the extrusion cylinder 23 and the extrusion die head 21 are all set to be 20-30 ℃, heating is not needed, the processing energy consumption is low, and the preliminary curing into the board is ensured immediately after the extrusion molding.
Preferably, the feeding extrusion chamber 14 is maintained, cleaned or overhauled by an openable first door body which is hermetically installed at one side of the feeding extrusion chamber 14, the vacuum processing chamber 11 is maintained, cleaned or overhauled by an openable second door body which is hermetically installed at one side of the vacuum processing chamber 11, and the extrusion feeding chamber 22 is maintained, cleaned or overhauled by an openable third door body which is hermetically installed at one side of the extrusion feeding chamber 22.
A thickness fixing treatment step, namely performing thickness fixing treatment on the cement board blank 5 through at least one thickness fixing rolling device to obtain a cement board with a set thickness, wherein the surface hardness of the cement board reaches 35-40 degrees of Shore hardness;
the method for carrying out thickness setting treatment on the cement board blank 5 by the thickness setting belt pressing and conveying mechanism is to press and convey the cement board blank 5 forwards by a circulating conveying belt arranged on a thickness setting machine frame 4 and press and roll the cement board blank 5 by the circulating conveying belt in the conveying process;
the cement board blank 5 is subjected to thickness setting treatment by a thickness setting belt pressure feeding mechanism, an upper circulating conveyor belt and a lower circulating conveyor belt are installed on a thickness setting machine frame 4, a belt pressure feeding channel which penetrates through the two circulating conveyor belts front and back is formed between the two circulating conveyor belts, and the upper circulating conveyor belt and the lower circulating conveyor belt which are positioned on the belt pressure feeding channel are abutted by pressing rollers or pressing plates which are installed on the upper side and the lower side of the belt pressure feeding channel, so that the cement board blank 5 passes through the belt pressure feeding channel and the cement board blank 5 is extruded by the upper circulating conveyor belt and the lower circulating conveyor belt of the belt pressure feeding channel.
Preferably, the method for performing the thickness setting treatment on the cement board blank 5 by the thickness setting roller set is to roll and convey the cement board blank 5 by a plurality of thickness setting roller sets installed on the thickness setting frame 4, press and convey the cement board blank 5 forward by the thickness setting roller sets, and roll and press the cement board blank 5 by the thickness setting roller sets during the pressing and conveying process.
Carry out the thickness processing through deciding thick compression roller group, make cement board embryonic plate 5 pass through a plurality of thick compression roller groups in order, a thickness is decided compression roller group and is set up including installing two upper and lower intervals at thickness frame 4, vertical alignment and opposite direction of rotation's compression roller 42, make cement board embryonic plate 5 pass through the upper and lower two sides of the synchronous roll extrusion cement board embryonic plate 5 of upper and lower two compression rollers 42 of each thick compression roller group in order, the clamp plate interval between the upper and lower two compression rollers 42 of each thick compression roller group diminishes gradually along the direction of advance of cement board embryonic plate 5, compress cement board embryonic plate 5 step by step in grades, finally make cement board embryonic plate 5 finalize the design completely.
Preferably, the method for performing the thicknessing process on the cement board blank 5 by the sheeter endless track 41 is to press-feed the cement board blank 5 forward by at least one sheeter endless track 41 installed on the thicknessing machine frame 4, and simultaneously press the cement board blank 5 by the sheeter endless track 41 during the press-feed of the cement board blank 5.
The thickness of the cement board blank 5 is reduced by rolling of a fixed-thickness compression roller set or extrusion of a tabletting type circulating crawler 41, the thick compression roller 42 set and the tabletting type circulating crawler 41 can be used cooperatively for fixed-thickness treatment, the thickness of the cement board blank 5 is controlled within a set error range in the fixed-thickness treatment step, meanwhile, extrusion drainage and accelerated curing and shaping speed are realized, the thickness of the obtained cement board is equal to or close to that of a finished cement composite board, the width of the cement board blank 5 is limited by at least fixed-width plates arranged on the left side and the right side of a fixed-thickness machine frame 4, the thickness of the cement board obtained after the fixed-thickness treatment is equal to or close to that of the finished cement composite board, and the mass density is 1.4 +/-0.1 g/mm 3 Will pass through the thickness settingThe thickness error of the cement plate obtained after treatment is controlled below 0.5 percent.
The thickness fixing treatment is carried out through a pressing sheet type circulating crawler 41, the pressing sheet type circulating crawler 41 is installed on the first side of a thickness fixing machine frame 4, a pressing plate channel which penetrates through the front side and the back side is arranged in the middle, a thickness fixing belt pressing mechanism, a pressing roller 42 or the pressing sheet type circulating crawler 41 is installed on the second side, the cement board blank 5 is conveyed and extruded forwards through the pressing plate channel arranged in the middle, the pressing sheet type circulating crawler 41 is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of pressing sheets, the width of the pressing sheets is larger than that of the cement board blank 5, the length of the pressing sheets is set to be 3-20cm, one side, which is pressed against the cement board blank 5, of the pressing sheet type circulating crawler 41 is set to be the side of the pressing plate, the inner side, which is pressed against the cement board blank 5, and at least one pressing roller 43 is arranged on the outer side of the pressing plate.
Preferably, two sets of preforming formula circulation track 41 about installing at the thicknessing frame 4, be provided with a clamp plate passageway between two sets of upper and lower preforming formula circulation track 41, the sheeter chooses the sheeter for use, preforming formula circulation track 41 is the endless conveyor who forms of connecting in order of a plurality of sheeters, the outside on the clamp plate side of two sets of preforming formula circulation track 41 about is respectively spaced and is set up a plurality of pinch rolls 43, the pinch rolls 43 of the corresponding position of two sets of preforming formula circulation track 41 about vertically aligns, send into the clamp plate passageway with cement board embryonic plate 5, extrude cement board embryonic plate 5 simultaneously and carry cement board embryonic plate 5 forward through two sets of upper and lower preforming formula circulation track 41.
The thickness setting belt pressure feed mechanism, the thickness setting press roller group, and the sheeter endless track 41 may be used in combination in the thickness setting process.
And a cutting step, namely cutting the cement plate obtained after the thickness setting treatment through cutting equipment to obtain the cement plate with the set length specification. The length specification is a length specification of a raw material plate, and for example, a cement plate having a length of 2.4 m and a width of 1.2 m is cut out and used as a raw material plate for processing other plates.
A surface drying step, namely conveying the cement board forwards, enabling the cement board to pass through a tunnel type drying oven 3, and carrying out surface drying treatment on the cement board through the tunnel type drying oven 3 to obtain the cured cement board, wherein the water content of the cement board after surface drying is controlled to be below 15%, the surface hardness reaches 65-70 degrees, and the bending strength reaches 15-18 MPa; preferably, the temperature in the tunnel oven 3 is controlled to be 60-100 ℃ for hot air drying, so as to remove the residual moisture of the cement board after the thickness setting treatment, surface drying and setting, and the time for the cement board to pass through the tunnel oven 3 is controlled to be 5-30 minutes. Preferably, the temperature in the tunnel oven 3 is controlled to be 80-90 ℃ for hot air drying, the cement plate subjected to natural curing treatment is subjected to surface drying treatment through the tunnel oven 3, the time of passing through the tunnel oven 3 is controlled to be 5-10 minutes, and the moisture in the tunnel oven 3 is pumped out through an air extractor.
A maintenance treatment step, in which the cement board is maintained; specifically, the cement board subjected to surface drying treatment is sucked and removed through a vacuum chuck, stacked to a tray and then sent to a curing room for curing, the temperature of the curing room is controlled to be 40-60 ℃, and the curing room is pushed out after being cured for 24 hours.
And a natural curing step of subjecting the cut cement board to natural curing for 5 to 7 days to control the surface hardness to 80HV or more, for example, 80 to 85HV or 85 to 90 HV.
And a finished product step, namely obtaining a finished cement composite board without the glass fiber cloth layer after the curing treatment step, wherein the surface hardness of the finished cement composite board is controlled to be more than 80HV, and the bending strength of the finished cement composite board reaches more than 20MPa, for example, the bending strength of the finished cement composite board reaches 22-25 MPa.
Preferably, the finished cement composite board is a single-structure-layer board which is provided with various composite materials and does not contain a glass fiber cloth layer. For example, the surface hardness of the cement composite board is controlled to be 80-85HV after natural curing treatment, and the surface hardness of the finished cement composite board is 80-85 HV. And after the natural curing treatment step, the surface hardness of the cement composite board is controlled to be 85-90HV, and the surface hardness of the finished cement composite board is 85-90 HV.
The obtained finished cement composite board can be a solid cement composite board or a hollow board with a plurality of through holes arranged at intervals.
The quality parameters of the cement board produced by the present invention are shown in table 1, compared with the cement board containing glass fiber cloth produced by the conventional method.
Surface hardness Bending strength Water absorption rate
Cement composite board containing glass fiber cloth produced by traditional method 70-75 15-18MPa 10-12％
The invention 85-90 22-25MPa ＜3％
TABLE 1 comparison of quality parameters
The production efficiency and the production cycle of the cement board containing glass fiber cloth produced by the present invention are shown in table 2, compared with those of the cement board containing glass fiber cloth produced by the conventional method.
Figure GDA0003754504180000221
TABLE 2 comparison of production efficiency cycles
Example two
The production method of the multilayer composite cement board comprises the following steps,
and (3) a production step of a finished cement composite board, which comprises the production method of the cement composite board of the embodiment I, and the finished cement composite board is produced. If the length and width of the multilayer composite cement board to be produced is smaller than the length and width of the finished cement composite board, the finished cement composite board is cut according to the length and width of the board to be produced, for example, the finished cement composite board is cut into small plates with the length of 60cm and the width of 60cm, and then the subsequent compounding step or other processing steps are carried out.
And compounding, namely compounding at least one surface wear-resistant layer and a decorative layer above the finished cement composite board, wherein the surface wear-resistant layer is positioned on the top layer of the multi-layer composite cement board, and the decorative layer is compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer.
At least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a mute layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded above or below the finished cement composite board, or at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a mute layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded above or below the finished cement composite board respectively, so that the multilayer composite cement board is obtained. The finished cement composite board is used as a base material layer of the multilayer composite cement board or one material layer except the base material layer.
Preferably, at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a waterproof layer and a mute layer is compounded above the finished cement composite board, at least one of the solid wood layer, the soft cushion layer, the waterproof layer, the mute layer and a balance paper layer is compounded below the finished cement composite board, and the finished cement composite board is used as a base material layer of the multilayer composite cement board.
The decorative layer comprises a pattern paper layer, a solid wood sheet layer, a ceramic tile layer or a PVC color film layer.
The compounding comprises a hot-pressing compounding mode, a viscose compounding mode, spraying compounding and an in-mold forming compounding mode which uses a mold for integral forming; the surface wear-resistant layer is a melamine dipped paper layer or a wear-resistant paper layer compounded on the top surface of the multilayer composite cement board, and can also be at least one of an aluminum oxide wear-resistant layer, a UV paint wear-resistant layer and a PVC wear-resistant sheet compounded on the top surface of the multilayer composite cement board,
The multilayer composite cement board obtained by compounding can be distinguished according to the use types, namely, the finished cement composite board can be used as a base material or one material layer in the base material by using various processing technologies in the prior art to be made into a floor or a wallboard.
The multilayer composite cement board is produced according to the production method of the multilayer composite cement board, the multilayer composite cement board comprises the following three structures according to the structural distinction,
1) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board arranged at the bottommost layer, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded between the decorative layer and the finished cement composite board.
2) The multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded below the finished cement composite board.
3) The multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board arranged in the middle, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded above and below the finished cement composite board respectively.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.

Claims (10)

1. The production method of the cement composite board is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
a material preparation step, namely preparing raw materials according to the weight percentage, wherein the raw materials comprise 30-40% of cement powder, 10-20% of wood fiber, 5-10% of lignin, 2-5% of lignocellulose, 5-10% of talcum powder, 2-5% of xanthan gum, 0.5-5% of a water reducing agent and 10-15% of water;
a high-speed mixing step, namely putting cement powder, wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, talcum powder, xanthan gum and a water reducing agent into a high-speed stirring chamber of a high-speed mixer, stirring, converting water into water mist through at least one nozzle, spraying the water mist into the high-speed stirring chamber, and spraying the water mist with the weight percentage of 10-15 percent into the high-speed stirring chamber within 1-5 minutes, wherein the cement powder generates hydration reaction to form mud,
converting the raw materials in the high-speed mixer into mud-shaped or small-ball-shaped gel, wherein the gel comprises gel formed by xanthan gum and wood fiber, lignin, lignocellulose, a water reducing agent and talcum powder which are uniformly distributed and wrapped in the gel;
a kneading and banburying step, namely conveying the gel to kneading equipment, kneading and banburying the gel through a kneading rod (46) of at least one kneading equipment until the gel is kneaded to form a plurality of dough-shaped raw materials with plasticity and viscosity;
a vacuum dehumidification step of conveying the dough-like material to a vacuum treatment chamber (11), performing vacuum treatment in the vacuum treatment chamber (11), removing gas and moisture in the dough-like material, and discharging the dough-like material from the vacuum treatment chamber (11) to obtain a material for extrusion molding;
an extrusion curing step, namely conveying the raw materials for extrusion molding to a screw extrusion molding mechanism (2), continuously extruding and molding at normal temperature, continuously extruding a sheet-shaped cement board blank (5) through an extrusion die head (21) of the screw extrusion molding mechanism (2), primarily curing and basically shaping the extruded cement board blank (5) through extrusion molding by using xanthan gum, and enabling the surface hardness of the extruded cement board blank (5) to reach the Shore hardness of 25-30 ℃;
a thickness fixing treatment step, namely performing thickness fixing treatment on the cement board blank (5) through at least one thickness fixing rolling device to obtain a cement board with a set thickness, wherein the surface hardness of the cement board reaches 35-40 degrees of Shore hardness;
a maintenance treatment step, in which the cement board is maintained;
and a finished product step, namely obtaining a finished product cement composite board after the curing treatment step, wherein the surface hardness of the finished product cement composite board is controlled to be more than 80HV, and the bending strength reaches more than 20 MPa.
2. A method of producing a cementitious composite panel as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that:
the kneading and banburying step is that the kneading equipment comprises high-speed kneading equipment and low-speed kneading equipment, the gel is conveyed to the high-speed kneading equipment for high-speed kneading and banburying, the gel is conveyed to the low-speed kneading equipment for low-speed kneading and banburying after high-speed kneading and banburying, and the rotating speed of a kneading rod (46) of the low-speed kneading equipment is lower than that of a kneading rod (46) of the high-speed kneading equipment; in the kneading and banburying step, firstly, the gel is kneaded to a state that the gel is initially agglomerated by high-speed kneading equipment, then the gel is continuously kneaded by low-speed kneading equipment until a plurality of agglomerated raw materials with plasticity and viscosity are formed in a kneading and banburying chamber (45) of the low-speed kneading equipment, and the agglomerated raw materials are continuously output to the vacuum treatment chamber (11) by the low-speed kneading equipment so as to realize continuous output of the agglomerated raw materials;
in the thickness-fixing processing step, the thickness-fixing rolling equipment selects at least one of a thickness-fixing belt rolling mechanism, a thickness-fixing roller set and a tabletting type circulating crawler belt (41);
the method for carrying out thickness setting treatment on the cement board blank (5) by the thickness setting belt pressing and conveying mechanism is characterized in that the cement board blank (5) is pressed and conveyed forwards by a circulating conveying belt arranged on a thickness setting rack (4), and the cement board blank (5) is pressed and rolled by the circulating conveying belt in the conveying process;
the method for performing the thickness-fixing treatment on the cement board blank (5) through the thickness-fixing press roll sets is characterized in that the cement board blank (5) is forwards pressed and conveyed through the thickness-fixing press roll sets arranged on the thickness-fixing rack (4), and the cement board blank (5) is rolled through the thickness-fixing press roll sets in the conveying process;
the method for carrying out thickness-fixing treatment on the cement board blank (5) through the tablet type circulating track (41) is characterized in that the cement board blank (5) is forwards pressed and conveyed through at least one tablet type circulating track (41) arranged on a thickness-fixing rack (4), and the cement board blank (5) is extruded through the tablet type circulating track (41) in the conveying process;
the thickness of the cement board blank (5) is reduced by rolling of the constant-thickness roller set or extrusion of the tabletting type circulating crawler (41), the thickness of the cement board blank (5) is controlled within a set error range in the constant-thickness processing step, and meanwhile, extrusion drainage and accelerated curing and shaping speed are realized, so that the thickness of the obtained cement board is equal to or close to the thickness of the finished cement composite board.
3. A method of producing a cementitious composite panel as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that: in the kneading and banburying steps, the rubber is kneaded,
a kneading output mechanism is respectively arranged below the kneading equipment and comprises a kneading discharge barrel (44) and a kneading discharge screw (47) arranged in the kneading discharge barrel (44), the upper side of the kneading discharge barrel (44) is provided with a kneading feed inlet communicated with the kneading mixing chamber (45) of the kneading equipment, and the other side of the kneading discharge barrel is provided with a kneading discharge outlet;
the high-speed kneading equipment is fixed at the upper side of the low-speed kneading equipment, a kneading discharge port of a kneading output mechanism fixed below the high-speed kneading equipment extends to the upper part of a kneading and banburying chamber (45) of the low-speed kneading equipment, and the gel is subjected to high-speed kneading and banburying treatment and then is continuously conveyed to the low-speed kneading equipment for low-speed kneading and banburying treatment;
the rotating speed of the kneading rod (46) of the high-speed kneading equipment is 300-600 revolutions per minute, and the rotating speed of the kneading rod (46) of the low-speed kneading equipment is 30-250 revolutions per minute;
in the step of the thickness-fixing treatment,
the cement board blank (5) is subjected to thickness setting treatment through a thickness setting belt pressing and conveying mechanism, an upper circulating conveying belt and a lower circulating conveying belt are installed on the thickness setting rack (4), a belt pressing and conveying channel which penetrates through the two circulating conveying belts is formed between the two circulating conveying belts, and the upper circulating conveying belt and the lower circulating conveying belt which are positioned on the belt pressing and conveying channel are abutted through press rollers or press plates installed on the upper side and the lower side of the belt pressing and conveying channel, so that the cement board blank (5) is extruded through the belt pressing and conveying channel and the upper circulating conveying belt and the lower circulating conveying belt of the belt pressing and conveying channel;
the method comprises the following steps that (1) thickness fixing treatment is carried out through a thickness fixing roller group, so that a cement board blank (5) sequentially passes through a plurality of thickness fixing roller groups, one thickness fixing roller group comprises two pressing rollers (42) which are arranged on a thickness fixing rack (4) at intervals up and down and are vertically aligned and opposite in rotating direction, the cement board blank (5) synchronously rolls the upper surface and the lower surface of the cement board blank (5) through the upper pressing roller (42) and the lower pressing roller (42) of each thickness fixing roller group in sequence, the pressing plate interval between the upper pressing roller (42) and the lower pressing roller (42) of each thickness fixing roller group is gradually reduced along the advancing direction of the cement board blank (5), the cement board blank (5) is gradually compressed in a grading manner, and finally the cement board blank (5) is completely shaped;
the method comprises the steps that thickness is determined through a pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt (41), the pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt (41) is installed on the first side of a thickness determining rack (4), a pressing plate channel which penetrates through the middle of the pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt is arranged in the front and back direction, one of a pressing roller (42) and a circulating conveying belt or a pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt (41) is installed on the second side of the pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt, a cement board blank (5) is conveyed and extruded forwards through the pressing plate channel, wherein the pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt (41) is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of pressing sheets, the width of the pressing sheets is larger than that of the cement board blank (5), the length of the pressing sheets is 3-20cm, one side, pressed against the cement board blank (5), of the pressing sheet type circulating crawler belt (41) is set as the side of the pressing sheet, the inner side, against the cement board blank (5) and the outer side are provided with at least one pressing roller (43);
controlling the thickness error of the cement plate obtained after the thickness fixing treatment to be below 0.5%;
the width of the cement board blank (5) is limited at least by the fixed width boards arranged at the left side and the right side of the fixed thickness rack (4).
4. A method of producing a cementitious composite panel as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that: two sets of pressure piece formula circulation track (41) about installing in deciding thick frame (4), be provided with a clamp plate passageway between two sets of upper and lower pressure piece formula circulation track (41), the sheeter chooses the sheeter for use, the circulation conveyer belt that the sheeter formula circulation track (41) formed is connected in order for a plurality of sheeters, the outside of the clamp plate side of two upper and lower groups pressure piece formula circulation track (41) separates respectively and sets up a plurality of pinch rolls (43), pinch roll (43) vertical alignment of the corresponding position of two upper and lower groups pressure piece formula circulation track (41), send into the clamp plate passageway with cement board embryonic plate (5), extrude cement board embryonic plate (5) simultaneously and carry cement board embryonic plate (5) forward through two sets of upper and lower pressure piece formula circulation track (41).
5. A method of producing a cement composite board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: in the vacuum dehumidification step, the dough-shaped raw materials are continuously extruded towards the vacuum treatment chamber (11) through a feeding and extruding chamber (14) which is hermetically arranged above the vacuum treatment chamber (11);
the method comprises the following steps of enabling a bulk raw material to downwards pass through a material distributing and extruding screen plate (12) which is arranged in a feeding and extruding chamber (14) or a vacuum processing chamber (11) and is provided with a plurality of extruding holes (13), continuously and downwards extruding the bulk raw material from the extruding holes (13) to obtain a plurality of strip-shaped materials, enabling gas and water contained in the bulk raw material to be released into the vacuum processing chamber (11), and sealing and separating the feeding and extruding chamber (14) and the vacuum processing chamber (11) through the material distributing and extruding screen plate (12) and the strip-shaped materials which are extruded in the extruding holes (13);
the strip-shaped material downwards passes through a vacuum processing chamber (11), and gas and water are pumped out through the vacuum processing chamber (11);
in the step of extrusion curing, an extrusion feeding chamber (22) of the screw extrusion molding mechanism (2) is hermetically arranged below a vacuum processing chamber (11), so that strip-shaped materials passing through the vacuum processing chamber (11) respectively fall into the extrusion feeding chamber (22) downwards, and the raw materials for extrusion molding are obtained in the extrusion feeding chamber (22);
an extrusion machine barrel (23) is arranged in the middle of the screw extrusion molding mechanism (2), an extrusion die head (21) which is rotatably arranged at the rear side of an extrusion molding pushing screw (24) in the extrusion machine barrel (23) and extends into the extrusion feeding chamber (22) and is arranged at the front side of the screw extrusion molding mechanism (2) adjacent to the front side is arranged at the front side, the extrusion molding raw material continuously falling into the extrusion feeding chamber (22) is pushed out of the extrusion feeding chamber (22) through the extrusion molding pushing screw (24) extending into the extrusion feeding chamber (22) and is fed into the extrusion machine barrel (23), and the extrusion molding pushing screw (24) continuously pushes the extrusion molding raw material in the extrusion feeding chamber;
mixing the extrusion molding raw materials entering the extruder cylinder (23) into a cluster by the extrusion and mixing actions of the extrusion molding pushing screw (24) at normal temperature, and finally continuously extruding through the extrusion die head (21) to obtain the cement board blank (5);
wherein the temperature in the extruder cylinder (23) and the extrusion temperature of the extrusion die head (21) are both controlled to be 20-30 ℃;
a surface drying step is added after the thickness-fixing treatment step,
and a surface drying step, namely conveying the cement board forwards, enabling the cement board to pass through a tunnel type drying oven (3), and drying the surface of the cement board through the tunnel type drying oven (3) to obtain the cured cement board, wherein the water content of the cement board after surface drying is controlled to be below 15%, the surface hardness reaches 65-70 degrees, and the bending strength reaches 15-18 MPa.
6. A method of producing a cementitious composite panel as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that: a feed hopper (25) is installed on the rear side of the screw extrusion molding mechanism (2), the inner cavity of the feed hopper (25) is set to be the extrusion feeding chamber (22), a vacuum processing device (1) is installed above the feed hopper (25) in a sealing manner, the inner cavity of the vacuum processing device (1) is set to be the vacuum processing chamber (11), an extruding device is installed above the vacuum processing device (1) in a sealing manner, the inner cavity of the extruding device is set to be the feeding extruding chamber (14), the vacuum processing chamber (11) and the extrusion feeding chamber (22) are vertically aligned, the upper part of the vacuum processing chamber (11) is communicated with the lower part of the feeding extruding chamber (14), and the lower part of the vacuum processing chamber (11) is communicated with the extrusion feeding chamber (22); the extruding device, the vacuum processing device (1) and the screw extrusion molding mechanism (2) which are assembled into a whole form dehumidification extrusion composite equipment which is used for sequentially realizing the vacuum dehumidification step and the extrusion curing step and realizing continuous production;
conveying the bulk raw materials to an extruding device, and extruding and conveying the bulk raw materials in a feeding and extruding chamber (14) downwards through an extruder arranged in the feeding and extruding chamber (14);
the material is extruded and fed by an extruder to enable the bulk raw material to pass through each extruding hole (13) of the material distributing and extruding screen plate (12), and is extruded and molded downwards and enter a vacuum processing chamber (11), the upper part of the vacuum processing chamber (11) is sealed at the material distributing and extruding screen plate (12) by piling the bulk raw material above the material distributing and extruding screen plate (12) and extruding strip-shaped materials filled in each extruding hole (13), and each strip-shaped material is sucked downwards under the assistance of the negative pressure environment of the vacuum processing chamber (11);
the material distributing and extruding screen plate (12) extrudes the bulk raw material into a plurality of strip-shaped materials which are continuous in length, smaller in transverse section, larger in surface area and distributed at intervals, the strip-shaped materials are continuously extruded towards the vacuum processing chamber (11), and each strip-shaped material downwards passes through the vacuum processing chamber (11) with set height under the action of self weight;
continuously pumping gas and moisture in the vacuum processing chamber (11) through a pumping device connected with the vacuum processing chamber (11);
the strip-shaped materials extruded into the extruder cylinder (23) by the extrusion molding pushing screw (24) are mixed into a cluster by the stirring and mixing action of the extrusion molding pushing screw (24), and are subjected to compression treatment, mixing treatment and shearing treatment in the extruder cylinder (23) along with the continuous forward extrusion of the extrusion molding pushing screw (24), and are continuously extruded through the extrusion die head (21).
7. A method of producing a cementitious composite panel as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that:
in the step of batching, lignocellulose with the viscosity of 2000 ten thousand is selected;
in the high-speed mixing step, spraying water mist towards a high-speed stirring chamber through a plurality of nozzles, controlling the average particle size of the water mist to be 0.01-0.1mm, stirring the mixture in the high-speed mixing step until the raw materials in the high-speed mixer are initially agglomerated, forming a super-bonded banded spiral copolymer by sol molecules of xanthan gum in the high-speed stirring process to form a reticular structure, and mutually interlacing the reticular structure of the xanthan gum in a three-dimensional space to wrap wood fiber, lignin and lignocellulose and condense the gel to form a plurality of relatively separated small aggregates or small blocks;
in the kneading and banburying step, a kneading device is provided with a kneading and banburying chamber (45), two kneading rods (46) with opposite rotation directions are installed in the kneading and banburying chamber (45), the two kneading rods (46) are respectively provided with at least one kneading part protruding in the radial direction, the corresponding kneading parts of the two kneading rods (46) are adjacently arranged along the axial direction and in clearance fit, the outer sides of the kneading parts are respectively in clearance fit with the inner wall of the kneading and banburying chamber (45), gel is put into the kneading and banburying chamber (45) and is continuously kneaded by the two kneading rods (46) to obtain bulk raw materials, and the average diameter of the bulk raw materials is more than 10 cm;
in the kneading and banburying steps, a low shearing effect is generated on xanthan gum in the gel during the kneading and banburying processes, the xanthan gum in the gel forms network rubber ribs with dense grids, the network rubber ribs are uniformly and densely distributed in each area of the bulk raw material, the network rubber ribs wrap gas and moisture generated by the bulk raw material, and densely distributed air holes are formed in the bulk raw material;
in the vacuum dehumidification step, a bulk raw material is continuously fed from an upper opening of a feeding and extruding chamber (14), the bulk raw material is pushed downwards into an extruding channel arranged below the extruding screw through an extruding screw arranged in the feeding and extruding chamber (14), the bulk raw material is enabled to downwards pass through a distributing and extruding screen plate (12) arranged in the extruding channel or below the extruding channel, the bulk raw material is enabled to be stacked at a set height above the distributing and extruding screen plate (12) and to protect a set extrusion force, and the upper side space of the distributing and extruding screen plate (12) is sealed through the bulk raw material which is extruded and stacked above the distributing and extruding screen plate (12);
after the bulk raw material is extruded through the extruding holes (13) and is converted into a plurality of strip materials, air holes in the bulk raw material are dispersed and wrapped in the corresponding strip materials, the volume of the air holes in the strip materials is reduced, the pressure of the air holes in the strip materials is increased, after the strip materials enter the vacuum processing chamber (11), the air pressure outside the strip materials is far smaller than the pressure in the air holes in the strip materials, the air holes in the strip materials are respectively expanded and broken, so that fine cracks are distributed inside and outside the strip materials, and the gas and moisture diameters in the air holes in the strip materials are exposed into the vacuum processing chamber (11) through the fine cracks, so that the gas and moisture are quickly discharged inside and outside the strip materials;
the feeding and extruding chamber (14) is maintained, cleaned or overhauled through an openable first door body which is hermetically arranged on one side of the feeding and extruding chamber (14);
performing maintenance, cleaning or overhaul of the vacuum processing chamber (11) through an openable second door body hermetically installed at one side of the vacuum processing chamber (11);
maintaining, cleaning or overhauling the extrusion feed chamber (22) through an openable third door body which is hermetically installed at one side of the extrusion feed chamber (22);
in the surface drying step, the temperature in the tunnel type drying oven (3) is controlled to be 60-100 ℃ for hot air drying so as to remove the residual moisture of the cement board subjected to thickness setting treatment, the surface is dried and shaped, and the time for the cement board to pass through the tunnel type drying oven (3) is controlled to be 5-30 minutes;
the finished cement composite board is a single-structure-layer board which is provided with various composite materials and does not contain a glass fiber cloth layer.
8. A method of producing a cement composite panel according to claim 7, characterised in that:
the extrusion curing step is that the extrusion molding raw materials are mixed, internally mixed and sheared in an extrusion cylinder (23) in the process of extruding and pushing the extrusion molding raw materials through an extrusion molding pushing screw (24), the extrusion molding raw materials in the extrusion cylinder (23) are mixed into a high-fluidity raw material cluster due to the fact that the viscosity of xanthan gum in the extrusion cylinder is rapidly reduced under the action of high shearing force, after the raw material cluster enters an extrusion die head (21) and is extruded from the extrusion die head (21), the viscosity of the xanthan gum in the extrusion cylinder is rapidly increased due to the fact that the shearing force disappears, pseudoplasticity is presented, and the extrusion molding is carried out to obtain the primarily cured and basically shaped cement board blank (5), and the temperatures of an extrusion feeding chamber (22), the extrusion cylinder (23) and the extrusion die head (21) are all set to be 20-30 ℃;
the step of thickness setting treatment, wherein the thickness of the cement board obtained after the thickness setting treatment is equal to or close to the thickness of the finished cement composite board, and the mass density is 1.4 +/-0.1 g/mm 3 ；
Cutting, namely cutting the cement plate obtained after the thickness setting treatment by using cutting equipment to obtain the cement plate with the set length specification;
in the surface drying step, hot air with the temperature controlled between 80 and 90 ℃ is used for drying in the tunnel type drying oven (3), the cement board subjected to natural curing treatment is subjected to surface drying treatment through the tunnel type drying oven (3), the time of the tunnel type drying oven (3) is controlled between 5 and 10 minutes, and moisture in the tunnel type drying oven (3) is pumped out through an air extractor;
in the maintenance treatment step, the cement board subjected to surface drying treatment is sucked and removed through a vacuum chuck, stacked to a tray and then sent to a maintenance room for maintenance, the temperature of the maintenance room is controlled to be 40-60 ℃, and the maintenance room is pushed out after being maintained for 24 hours;
natural curing treatment, namely performing natural curing treatment on the cut cement plate for 5 to 7 days to control the surface hardness of the cement plate to be 85 to 90 HV;
and the step of finishing the product, namely obtaining the finished cement composite board.
9. The production method of the multilayer composite cement board is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
a production step of a finished cement composite board, according to the production method of the cement composite board of any one of claims 1 to 4, producing the finished cement composite board;
and compounding, namely compounding at least one surface wear-resistant layer and a decorative layer above the finished cement composite board, and compounding at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a mute layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer above and/or below the finished cement composite board, wherein the surface wear-resistant layer is positioned on the top layer of the multilayer composite cement board, and the decorative layer is compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer to obtain the multilayer composite cement board.
10. The method for producing a multi-layered composite cement panel as claimed in claim 9, wherein: in the compounding step, at least one of the solid wood layer, the soft cushion layer, the waterproof layer and the mute layer is compounded above the finished cement composite board, and at least one of the solid wood layer, the soft cushion layer, the waterproof layer, the mute layer and the balance paper layer is compounded below the finished cement composite board;
the finished cement composite board is used as a base material layer of the multilayer composite cement board or one material layer except the base material layer;
the decorative layer comprises a pattern paper layer, a solid wood sheet layer, a ceramic tile layer or a PVC color film layer;
the compounding comprises a hot-pressing compounding mode, a viscose compounding mode, a spraying compounding mode and an in-mold forming compounding mode which uses a mold for integral forming;
the surface wear-resistant layer is at least one of a melamine impregnated paper layer or a wear-resistant paper layer, an aluminum oxide wear-resistant layer, a UV paint wear-resistant layer and a PVC wear-resistant sheet which are compounded on the top surface of the multilayer composite cement board;
the multilayer composite cement board obtained by compounding comprises a floor or a wallboard according to the use type;
the produced multilayer composite cement board comprises one of the following three structures according to structural distinction,
1) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board arranged at the bottommost layer, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded between the decorative layer and the finished cement composite board;
2) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded below the finished cement composite board;
3) the multilayer composite cement board comprises a surface wear-resistant layer arranged on the topmost layer, a decorative layer compounded below the surface wear-resistant layer and a finished cement composite board arranged in the middle, wherein at least one of a solid wood layer, a soft cushion layer, a silencing layer, a waterproof layer and a balance paper layer is compounded above and below the finished cement composite board respectively.
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