CN113316303B - DC arc driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device and method - Google Patents

DC arc driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device and method Download PDF

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CN113316303B
CN113316303B CN202110574889.4A CN202110574889A CN113316303B CN 113316303 B CN113316303 B CN 113316303B CN 202110574889 A CN202110574889 A CN 202110574889A CN 113316303 B CN113316303 B CN 113316303B
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synthetic jet
plasma synthetic
voltage
array
power supply
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CN113316303A (en
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宗豪华
吴云
梁华
张志波
宋慧敏
贾敏
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Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/36Circuit arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The device comprises a direct current power supply, a high-voltage pulse generator, two high-voltage silicon stacks, two resistors, a high-voltage electronic switch Q1 and an array formed by connecting a plurality of plasma synthetic jet exciters in series; the high-voltage pulse generator, the high-voltage silicon stack D2 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a high-voltage breakdown loop; the direct current power supply, the resistor R2, the high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the exciter array form a direct current power supply loop, so that the discharge is not extinguished; the direct-current power supply, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1, the resistor R1, the high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the exciter array form a pulse discharge loop; the three power supply loops work alternately to realize the high-frequency work of the plasma synthetic jet. A method for synchronously exciting the DC arc driven plasma synthetic jet array is also disclosed. The excitation device only needs one high-voltage breakdown process, and does not use a heavy-frequency high-voltage pulse power supply.

Description

DC arc driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of active flow control, in particular to a direct current arc-driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device and method.
Background
Lift-enhancing drag reduction is a persistent theme in the development of aircraft. Currently, aircraft designs based on conventional arrangements have reached a high level, and active flow control techniques must be relied upon to further enhance the performance of the aircraft. The core of this technology is the exciter. As a special active flow control exciter, the plasma synthetic jet exciter has the remarkable advantages of high jet speed (more than 500 m/s) and excitation frequency bandwidth (10 kHz), so that the plasma synthetic jet exciter has wide application prospect in the field of active flow control. However, the flow control range of a single plasma synthetic jet actuator is extremely limited by the jet aperture (1-3 mm) and the cavity volume, typically no more than 10mm along the spanwise direction. In order to achieve flow separation control of the aircraft flap over a spatial dimension of tens of meters at large deflection angles, multiple plasma synthetic jet actuators need to be arranged together to form an array. Existing plasma synthetic jet array excitation generating devices can be broadly divided into two categories. One type is a serial discharge circuit (Boretskij v. Et al properties of Multi-Spark Plasma Discharge Developed for Flow control. Aiaa 2016-0451, 2016.; wu Yun, zhang Zhibo, jin Di, sweet, song Huimin, gu Min, liang Hua); single power supply driven array type plasma synthetic jet flow control apparatus and flow control method, application No. 201910669998.7, 2015), which requires a high voltage repetition frequency pulse generator to periodically break down an array of multiple gas gaps, with the disadvantages of large electromagnetic interference during the repetition frequency breakdown process and high cost of the high voltage switching devices. The other type is a parallel discharge circuit (Shao Tao, wang Lei, chapter, yan Ping, luo Zhenbing, wang Lin), "high voltage pulse power supply for simultaneous discharge of multiple plasma synthetic jet actuators", application No. 201510578087.5, 2015, shao Tao, wang Lei, chapter, yan Ping, luo Zhenbing, wang Lin), "high voltage pulse power supply for simultaneous discharge of multiple plasma synthetic jet actuators", application No. 201510058090.4, 2015), i.e., each actuator is connected to a high voltage generation circuit comprising resistors, transformer windings and other semiconductor devices. The parallel discharge circuit does not require a high voltage switch, but the power supply is bulky, the number of components is large, and the discharge of the individual exciters is not exactly synchronized. In summary, how to realize high-frequency low-noise synchronous discharge of a plasma synthetic jet array by adopting a simple circuit has remained a difficult problem so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a direct current arc-driven plasma synthetic jet array synchronous excitation device which is characterized by comprising a direct current power supply, a high-voltage pulse generator, a first high-voltage silicon stack D1, a second high-voltage silicon stack D2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a high-voltage electronic switch Q1 and a plasma synthetic jet exciter array formed by connecting a plurality of plasma synthetic jet exciters in series; wherein the method comprises the steps of
The high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is connected with the first resistor R1 in series to form a series structure, and the series structure is connected with the second resistor R2 in parallel as a whole to form a series-parallel structure; in the two ends of the serial-parallel structure, the Q1 end of the high-voltage electronic switch is connected with the positive end of the direct-current power supply, and the connecting ends of the two resistors are connected with the positive end of the first high-voltage silicon stack D1; the positive end of the high-voltage pulse generator is connected with the positive end of the second high-voltage silicon stack D2, and the negative end of the second high-voltage silicon stack D2 is connected with the negative end of the first high-voltage silicon stack D1; a plurality of plasma synthetic jet actuators are connected in series to form a plasma synthetic jet actuator array; in the array, the left end of a first plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the negative end of a first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the negative end of a second high-voltage silicon stack D2, and the right end of the first plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the left end of the second plasma synthetic jet exciter; the right end of the second plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the left end of the third plasma synthetic jet exciter; the right end of the N-th plasma synthetic jet exciter at the end of the array is grounded, and N is the number of the plasma synthetic jet exciters; the negative end of the direct current power supply and the negative end of the high-voltage pulse generator are grounded.
In one embodiment of the invention, the plasma synthetic jet actuator consists of a cavity with small holes and two inserted tungsten needle electrodes; the volume of the cavity is 50-1000mm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The electrode spacing is 0.5-4mm; the diameter of the outlet orifice is 1-3mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the volume of the cavity is 50mm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter of the tungsten needle electrode is 1-3mm; the electrode spacing is 1mm; the diameter of the exit orifice was 2mm.
The working process of the DC arc-driven plasma synthetic jet array synchronous excitation device is as follows:
the high-voltage pulse generator, the second high-voltage silicon stack D2 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a high-voltage breakdown loop, so that the breakdown of discharge is realized; the direct current power supply, the second resistor R2, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a direct current power supply loop, and the direct current power supply loop is used for maintaining an electric arc formed after the plasma synthetic jet actuator array breaks down at high voltage and ensuring that discharge is not extinguished; the direct-current power supply, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1, the first resistor R1, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet exciter array form a pulse discharge loop, and the pulse discharge loop is used for periodically injecting energy into the plasma synthetic jet exciter; the three power supply loops work alternately, so that high-frequency work of the plasma synthetic jet can be realized.
The invention also provides a method for synchronously exciting the plasma synthetic jet array driven by the direct current arc, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stage A: ignition trigger stage
In this stage, the high voltage pulse generator outputs a high voltage pulse to be applied to both ends of the second high voltage silicon stack D2 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array; when the pulse amplitude exceeds the sum of breakdown voltages corresponding to all air gaps of the plasma synthetic jet exciter, a discharge arc channel is formed between electrodes of the plasma synthetic jet exciter;
(2) Stage B: high energy release phase
After ignition triggering, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is turned on, and the plasma synthetic jet excitation array enters a stage B; at this stage, the direct current power supply injects energy through the first resistor R1, the first high voltage silicon stack D1, into the arc path between the electrodes of the plasma synthetic jet exciter; the strong discharge current enables the diameter of the electric arc to be rapidly increased and the temperature to be rapidly increased, so that the rapid pressurization of the gas in the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter is realized; the jet is ejected from the small hole of the outlet of the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter under the driving of the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cavity;
(3) Stage C: low energy pilot arc stage
After the high-energy release phase is finished, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is closed, and the plasma synthetic jet excitation device enters a low-energy pilot arc phase, namely a phase C; the direct current power supply, the second resistor R2, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a closed discharge loop; the discharge current in the circuit is only used for maintaining the non-extinction of the arc channel, and the heating effect on the gas can be ignored; under the action of natural cooling, the temperature and pressure of the gas in the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter start to slowly decrease, and the external environment atmosphere is sucked into the plasma synthetic jet exciter again through the outlet small hole, so that the cavity is restored to an initial state;
(4) Phase B/C alternation: high frequency jet generation stage
Since the arc is not extinguished after a complete duty cycle, the high voltage electronic switch Q1 is alternately turned on and off, i.e. repeatedly enters phases B and C, to generate a high frequency pulsed jet.
In one embodiment of the invention, at stage a: the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse output by the high-voltage pulse generator is more than 20kV, and the pulse width is not limited.
In another embodiment of the invention, in stage B: the first resistor R1 has a resistance value of the order of 100 Ω.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, at stage C: the second resistor R2 has a resistance of the order of 100kΩ.
The invention can realize the one-time ignition and high-frequency work of the exciter array, overcomes the defects of large electromagnetic interference, high cost and large power supply volume of the traditional exciter device, and has important significance for engineering application of propelling active flow control.
In addition, in the method, the multipath electric arcs of the plasma synthetic jet array are not extinguished, so that only one high-voltage breakdown is needed, and the problem of strong electromagnetic interference caused by high-frequency high-voltage pulses in the repeated breakdown process is overcome.
The traditional excitation device needs to frequently break down an air gap, and has large electromagnetic interference. The excitation device only needs one high-voltage breakdown process, and has small electromagnetic interference.
The traditional excitation device is limited by the highest repeated working frequency of the high-voltage pulse power supply, and the discharge frequency is generally below 5 kHz. The exciting device does not need to use a heavy-frequency high-voltage pulse power supply, and the working frequency of the exciter array is determined by the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 and can reach 50kHz.
The high-voltage pulse generator can be realized by an ignition power supply with low price, and has good economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a DC arc driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a plasma synthetic jet array discharge waveform;
fig. 3 shows three stages of operation of the plasma synthetic jet array.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a dc arc driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device of the present invention. The device mainly comprises a direct current power supply (the voltage is in the order of 1000V), a high-voltage pulse generator (the pulse voltage is 20-30 kV), two high-voltage silicon stacks (D1 and D2), two resistors (R1 and R2), a high-voltage electronic switch Q1 and a plurality of plasma synthetic jet exciters which are connected in series to form an array. The high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is connected with the first resistor R1 in series to form a series structure, and the series structure is connected with the second resistor R2 in parallel to form a series-parallel structure; in the two ends of the serial-parallel structure, the Q1 end of the high-voltage electronic switch is connected with the positive end of the direct-current power supply, and the connecting ends of the two resistors are connected with the positive end of the first high-voltage silicon stack D1. The positive end of the high-voltage pulse generator is connected with the positive end of the second high-voltage silicon stack D2, and the negative end of the second high-voltage silicon stack D2 is connected with the negative end of the first high-voltage silicon stack D1. A plurality of plasma synthetic jet actuators are connected in series to form an array of plasma synthetic jet actuators. In the array, the left end of a first plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the negative end of a first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the negative end of a second high-voltage silicon stack D2, and the right end of the first plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the left end of the second plasma synthetic jet exciter; the right end of the second plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the left end of the third plasma synthetic jet exciter; the right end of the N-th plasma synthetic jet exciter at the end of the array is grounded, and N is the number of the plasma synthetic jet exciters. The negative end of the direct current power supply and the negative end of the high-voltage pulse generator are grounded.
Each plasma synthetic jet actuator consists of a cavity with a small hole and two tungsten needle electrodes inserted in opposite directions (religious, song Huimin, liang Hua, gu Min, li Yinggong. Nanosecond pulse plasma synthetic jet characteristic experiment research [ J)]. Advance technique, 2015, (10): 1474-1478. ). The volume of the cavity is about 50-1000mm 3 Preferably 50mm for heating efficiency 3 . The diameter of the tungsten needle electrode is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm for ablation resistance. The electrode spacing is in the range of 0.5-4mm, preferably 1mm for convenience of discharge breakdown. The diameter of the exit orifice is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm.
The high-voltage pulse generator, the second high-voltage silicon stack D2 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a high-voltage breakdown loop, so that the breakdown of discharge is realized. The direct current power supply, the second resistor R2, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a direct current power supply loop, and the direct current power supply loop is used for maintaining an electric arc formed after the plasma synthetic jet actuator array breaks down at high voltage and ensuring that discharge is not extinguished. The direct current power supply, the high voltage electronic switch Q1, the first resistor R1, the first high voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a pulse discharge loop for periodically injecting energy into the plasma synthetic jet actuator. The three power supply loops work alternately, so that high-frequency work of the plasma synthetic jet can be realized.
Fig. 2 shows the discharge waveform of a plasma synthetic jet actuator array during high frequency operation. The entire discharge waveform can be divided into three phases A, B and C. The operation of the plasma synthetic jet actuator for each stage is shown in fig. 3. The operation of the stimulation device of fig. 1 will now be described in connection with fig. 2 and 3.
A DC arc driven plasma synthetic jet array excitation device and method concretely comprises the following steps:
(1) Ignition triggering phase (phase a).
At this stage, the high voltage pulse generator outputs a high voltage pulse (amplitude > 20kV, pulse width is not limited) applied across the second high voltage silicon stack D2 and the array of plasma synthetic jet actuators. When the pulse amplitude exceeds the sum of the breakdown voltages corresponding to all air gaps of the plasma synthetic jet actuator, a discharge arc channel is formed between the electrodes of the plasma synthetic jet actuator, corresponding to the current spike in fig. 2.
(2) High energy release phase (phase B).
After ignition triggering, the high voltage electronic switch Q1 is turned on, and the plasma synthetic jet excitation array enters a high energy release stage (stage B). At this stage, the direct current power supply injects energy into the arc path between the electrodes of the plasma synthetic jet actuator through a first resistor R1 (for example, having a resistance value of the order of 100 Ω), a first high voltage silicon stack D1, and the discharge current is of the order of 10A. The strong discharge current causes the diameter of the electric arc to be rapidly increased and the temperature to be rapidly increased, thus realizing the rapid pressurization of the gas in the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter. And the jet is ejected from the small hole of the outlet of the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter under the driving of the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cavity.
(3) Low energy pilot phase (phase C).
After the high-energy release phase is finished, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is closed, and the plasma synthetic jet excitation device enters a low-energy pilot arc phase, namely a phase C. The dc power supply, the second resistor R2 (e.g., having a resistance on the order of 100kΩ), the first high voltage silicon stack D1, and the array of plasma synthetic jet actuators form a closed discharge loop. The discharge current in the circuit is only of the order of 10mA, only is used for maintaining the non-extinction of the arc channel, and the heating effect on the gas is negligible. Under the action of natural cooling, the temperature and pressure of the gas in the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet actuator start to slowly decrease, and the external environment atmosphere is sucked into the plasma synthetic jet actuator again through the outlet small hole, so that the cavity is restored to the initial state.
(4) High-frequency jet generation stage (phase B/C alternation)
Since the arc is not extinguished after a complete duty cycle, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is alternately turned on and off (i.e., the exciter repeatedly enters phases B and C), thereby generating a high-frequency pulsed jet.
The core of the invention is that a low-energy pilot arc loop is arranged in the excitation device, so that the electric arc is kept in a non-extinguishing state all the time in the working process of the plasma synthetic jet exciter array, and the purposes of one-time breakdown and high-frequency work are realized. The high voltage electronic switch can be an IGBT or a MOSFET.

Claims (7)

1. The synchronous excitation device of the plasma synthetic jet array driven by the direct current arc is characterized by comprising a direct current power supply, a high-voltage pulse generator, a first high-voltage silicon stack D1, a second high-voltage silicon stack D2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a high-voltage electronic switch Q1 and a plasma synthetic jet exciter array formed by connecting a plurality of plasma synthetic jet exciters in series; the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is connected with the first resistor R1 in series to form a series structure, and the series structure is connected with the second resistor R2 in parallel as a whole to form a series-parallel structure; in the two ends of the serial-parallel structure, the Q1 end of the high-voltage electronic switch is connected with the positive end of the direct-current power supply, and the connecting ends of the two resistors are connected with the positive end of the first high-voltage silicon stack D1; the positive end of the high-voltage pulse generator is connected with the positive end of the second high-voltage silicon stack D2, and the negative end of the second high-voltage silicon stack D2 is connected with the negative end of the first high-voltage silicon stack D1; a plurality of plasma synthetic jet actuators are connected in series to form a plasma synthetic jet actuator array; in the array, the left end of a first plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the negative end of a first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the negative end of a second high-voltage silicon stack D2, and the right end of the first plasma synthetic jet exciter is connected with the left end of the second plasma synthetic jet exciter; the right end of the second plasma synthetic jet actuator is connected with the left end of the third plasma synthetic jet actuator; by the pushing, a plurality of plasma synthetic jet exciters form an end-to-end structure; the right end of the N-th plasma synthetic jet exciter at the end of the array is grounded, and N is the number of the plasma synthetic jet exciters; the negative end of the direct current power supply and the negative end of the high-voltage pulse generator are grounded;
the working process of the direct current arc driven plasma synthetic jet array synchronous excitation device is as follows:
the high-voltage pulse generator, the second high-voltage silicon stack D2 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a high-voltage breakdown loop, so that the breakdown of discharge is realized; the direct current power supply, the second resistor R2, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a direct current power supply loop, and the direct current power supply loop is used for maintaining an electric arc formed after the plasma synthetic jet actuator array breaks down at high voltage and ensuring that discharge is not extinguished; the direct-current power supply, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1, the first resistor R1, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet exciter array form a pulse discharge loop, and the pulse discharge loop is used for periodically injecting energy into the plasma synthetic jet exciter; the three power supply loops work alternately, so that high-frequency work of the plasma synthetic jet can be realized.
2. The direct current arc driven plasma synthetic jet array synchronous excitation device according to claim 1, wherein the plasma synthetic jet exciter consists of a cavity with small holes and two inserted tungsten needle electrodes; the volume of the cavity is 50-1000mm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The electrode spacing is 0.5-4mm; the diameter of the outlet orifice is 1-3mm.
3. The direct current arc driven plasma synthetic jet array synchronous excitation device according to claim 2, wherein the volume of the cavity is 50mm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter of the tungsten needle electrode is 1-3mm; the electrode spacing is 1mm; the diameter of the exit orifice was 2mm.
4. A method for synchronous excitation of a direct current arc driven plasma synthetic jet array synchronous excitation device according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Stage A: ignition trigger stage
In this stage, the high voltage pulse generator outputs a high voltage pulse to be applied to both ends of the second high voltage silicon stack D2 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array; when the pulse amplitude exceeds the sum of breakdown voltages corresponding to all air gaps of the plasma synthetic jet exciter, a discharge arc channel is formed between electrodes of the plasma synthetic jet exciter;
(2) Stage B: high energy release phase
After ignition triggering, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is turned on, and the plasma synthetic jet excitation array enters a stage B; at this stage, the direct current power supply injects energy through the first resistor R1, the first high voltage silicon stack D1, into the arc path between the electrodes of the plasma synthetic jet exciter; the strong discharge current enables the diameter of the electric arc to be rapidly increased and the temperature to be rapidly increased, so that the rapid pressurization of the gas in the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter is realized; the jet is ejected from the small hole of the outlet of the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter under the driving of the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cavity;
(3) Stage C: low energy pilot arc stage
After the high-energy release phase is finished, the high-voltage electronic switch Q1 is closed, and the plasma synthetic jet excitation device enters a low-energy pilot arc phase, namely a phase C; the direct current power supply, the second resistor R2, the first high-voltage silicon stack D1 and the plasma synthetic jet actuator array form a closed discharge loop; the discharge current in the circuit is only used for maintaining the non-extinction of the arc channel, and the heating effect on the gas can be ignored; under the action of natural cooling, the temperature and pressure of the gas in the cavity of the plasma synthetic jet exciter start to slowly decrease, and the external environment atmosphere is sucked into the plasma synthetic jet exciter again through the outlet small hole, so that the cavity is restored to an initial state;
(4) Phase B/C alternation: high frequency jet generation stage
Since the arc is not extinguished after a complete duty cycle, the high voltage electronic switch Q1 is alternately turned on and off, i.e. repeatedly enters phases B and C, to generate a high frequency pulsed jet.
5. The synchronized excitation method of claim 4, wherein, at stage a: the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse output by the high-voltage pulse generator is more than 20kV, and the pulse width is not limited.
6. The synchronized excitation method of claim 4, wherein, in phase B: the first resistor R1 has a resistance value of the order of 100 Ω.
7. The synchronized excitation method of claim 4, wherein, in stage C: the second resistor R2 has a resistance of the order of 100kΩ.
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