CN113315627A - Quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity - Google Patents

Quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity Download PDF

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CN113315627A
CN113315627A CN202110067700.2A CN202110067700A CN113315627A CN 113315627 A CN113315627 A CN 113315627A CN 202110067700 A CN202110067700 A CN 202110067700A CN 113315627 A CN113315627 A CN 113315627A
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optical cavity
waveguide
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王智勇
白如艳
赖献莅
刘禹墨
汪相如
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于光腔‑截止波导‑光腔的量子网络节点设计，首先定义了该量子网络节点设计的结构，包括一个复合光腔和单原子；所述复合光腔的整体呈脊形结构，包括两个结构相同的半封闭光腔和与所述半封闭光腔相连接的波导；原子位于所述波导内的中间位置；然后给出了该量子网络节点的尺寸及制作该设计的材料，并且采用模式光作为光源验证该量子网络节点的功能。本发明中提供的量子网络节点设计新颖且实现方式简单，保真度和退相干时间长，在量子信息尤其是光量子通信方面有巨大的应用前景。

Figure 202110067700

The invention provides a quantum network node design based on an optical cavity-cutoff waveguide-optical cavity. First, the structure of the quantum network node design is defined, including a composite optical cavity and a single atom; the whole of the composite optical cavity is a ridge. A quantum structure, including two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected to the semi-closed optical cavity; the atoms are located in the middle of the waveguide; then the size of the quantum network node and the design of the fabrication are given material, and the function of the quantum network node is verified by using mode light as the light source. The quantum network node provided in the present invention is novel in design, simple in implementation, long in fidelity and decoherence time, and has a huge application prospect in quantum information, especially optical quantum communication.

Figure 202110067700

Description

Quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum information, in particular to quantum network node design based on an optical cavity, a waveguide and an optical cavity.
Background
In the physical implementation of quantum information technology, one encounters a dilemma: in order to prevent decoherence and prolong the coherence time, the interaction between a quantum system carrying quantum information and the outside is required to be as small as possible; however, in order to facilitate efficient manipulation and processing of quantum information, the quantum system needs to have strong interaction coupling with the outside. A better solution to this problem is to adopt a quantum network structure, i.e. atoms (including artificial atoms) carrying quantum information are well isolated from the outside to form nodes of the quantum network, and then photons are used to transmit quantum information between different nodes through optical fibers. The photon is used as the field quantum of the electromagnetic field, has no electric charge, is a wave color particle, is not limited by the Pauli incompatibility principle, has small transmission loss and strong robustness to the environment, and is the best carrier for quantum information long-distance transmission.
Quantum information technology based on quantum networks has received attention from a large number of researchers since its introduction. There are many researches on quantum networks based on cavity QED, but there is no composite optical cavity of optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, and quantum network nodes based on such optical cavity are not reported. The invention provides a novel composite optical cavity on the basis of the theory of quantum optics and interaction between light and atoms, is applied to the quantum information technology, and provides a novel implementation scheme of quantum network nodes to realize the function of quantum information transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a quantum network node design based on an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, and the quantum network node is constructed by utilizing the optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, namely a composite optical cavity and atoms.
The invention provides a quantum network node design based on an optical cavity, a waveguide and an optical cavity, which comprises a composite optical cavity and a single atom; the whole composite optical cavity is of a ridge structure and comprises two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavities; an optical signal is input from an optical signal input end of the optical cavity and then transmitted in the composite waveguide cavity; the atoms are for interacting with the optical signal and the atoms are located at intermediate positions within the waveguide.
The composite optical cavity comprises an optical cavity, a waveguide and an optical cavity which are sequentially connected, and the atoms are positioned in the middle of the waveguide; the optical cavity is a rectangular waveguide optical cavity, the waveguide is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the central lines of all the rectangular waveguides are straight lines, the right end of the optical cavity is provided with an opening and connected with the left end of the waveguide, and the left end of the optical cavity is provided with an opening and connected with the right end of the waveguide.
The widths of the optical cavity, the optical cavity and the waveguide are all preset waveguide widths, the thicknesses of the optical cavity, the optical cavity and the waveguide are all preset waveguide heights, and the lengths of the optical cavity, the optical cavity and the waveguide are all preset waveguide lengths.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the quantum network node design based on the optical cavity, the waveguide and the optical cavity, an optical symmetric double-potential well structure is constructed by utilizing the cavity-cut-off waveguide-cavity structure for the first time, and an optical two-level structure is formed by breaking the spontaneous symmetry generated by quantum tunneling effect of photons in the cut-off waveguide, so that a new physical implementation scheme is provided for optical-based qubits.
In the scheme designed by the inventor, the detuning quantity is not limited, and the coupling between photons and atoms can be strong; the quantum bit can be coded by using a two-energy-level atomic system and the photon is used as an assistant, the quantum bit can be coded by using a two-energy-level optical system and the atomic system is used as an assistant, and the quantum bit can be coded by using the atomic system and the photon system at the same time to form an entangled state between the photon and the atom; and in the optical cavity, the atoms and the photons are captured by the cavity, and the interaction between the two-energy-level atoms and the two-energy-level photon system increases the interaction cross section.
The scheme can realize high fidelity and improve the decoherence time, overcomes the defects of the traditional cavity-based QED scheme, has a novel structure and a simple realization mode, and provides a new scheme for realizing the quantum information technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of the design of quantum network node based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
FIG. 2 is a front view of the design of quantum network node based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
FIG. 3 is an intrinsic spectrum diagram of quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity in the present invention
FIG. 4 is a three-energy-level Lambda atomic energy level diagram of quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is based on a three-dimensional diagram of a quantum network node design of an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, and the quantum network node design based on an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity proposed by the present invention includes a composite optical cavity, a single atom and an optical signal; the whole composite optical cavity is of a ridge structure and comprises two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavities; an optical signal is input from an optical signal input end s of the semi-closed optical cavity and then transmitted in the composite optical cavity; the atom a is used for encoding a qubit and interacting with a photon, and the atom a is located at an intermediate position within the waveguide w;
the composite optical cavity comprises an optical cavity 101, a waveguide w and an optical cavity 102 which are sequentially connected; the optical cavities 101 and 102 are rectangular waveguide resonant cavities, the waveguide w is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the central lines of all the rectangular waveguides are linear, a small hole is formed in the right end of the optical cavity 101 and connected with the left end of the waveguide w, and a small hole is formed in the left end of the optical cavity 102 and connected with the right end of the waveguide w;
the widths of the optical cavity 101, the optical cavity 102 and the waveguide w are all preset waveguide widths, the heights are all preset waveguide heights, and the lengths are all preset waveguide lengths.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the design of the quantum network node based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity of the present invention, where s is the position of the light source, and a perfect metal material PEC is used as the enclosure 201 of the optical cavity 101, the optical cavity 102 and the waveguide w for low loss and low absorption; the optical waveguide w and the two semi-enclosed optical cavities 101 and 102 are included in the ideal metal material 201;
wherein the optical waveguide w is internally filled with vacuum (202) with the parameter of mur＝1，ε r1, with a dimension s of 6 × 10-6m, height d 5 × 10-6m, length L3X 10-6m; the optical cavities 101 and 102 are filled with a homogeneous material (203) with a parameter μr＝1，εr2.2, its dimension is width a is 6 × 10-6m, height b 5 × 10-6m, length L2＝2×10-5m。
The specific process for implementing the quantum network node design based on the optical cavity-waveguide optical cavity comprises the following steps:
the mode of forming the two-level structure by the composite optical cavity is as follows:
a small hole is formed on the left side of the optical cavity 101 for applying an optical signal, wherein the optical signal is TE10Mode light source with frequency of 1.06 × 1014<ω<1.57×1014(rad/s), the optical signal propagates in the composite optical cavity, i.e. the electromagnetic waves in the two semi-closed optical resonant cavities propagate through the intermediate waveguide, and since the waveguide w is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the frequency of the cut-off waveguide is ωc≈1.57×1014(rad/s) is equivalent to a potential barrier, so that the composite optical cavity forms an optical double-potential well structure, spontaneous symmetry generated by the optical signal through quantum tunneling effect in the cut-off waveguide is broken, the interval between the first two pairs is far larger than that of the other inner parts according to an intrinsic spectrum, and photons in the composite optical cavity have larger energy gaps between the first two energy intrinsic values and the remaining two energy intrinsic values, so that an optical two-level structure can be formed, as shown in fig. 3, table 1 is a specific value.
n＝1 n＝2 n＝3 n＝4 n＝5 n＝6 n＝7 n＝8 n＝9 n＝10
ωFn 15.42 24.69 27.60 33.93 48.20 49.93 55.27 58.81 63.53 72.19
TABLE 1 first 10 eigenvalues of the composite optical cavity
A new physical implementation of optical qubits is proposed by the coupling of the atomic a system of a two-level photonic system; the atoms may be Λ atoms or artificial atoms, for example, fig. 4 is a level diagram of Λ atoms, the artificial atoms are josephson junctions, each josephson junction is formed by sandwiching a very thin insulator between two layers of superconductors, when the thickness of the insulator is as thin as several nanometers, an electron pair tunneling effect occurs, and the josephson junctions are two-level structures and used for encoding qubits.
The quantum network node encodes the quantum bit in the following way:
encoding quantum bits by using the two-level atomic system, and taking a two-level optical system formed by the composite optical cavity as an assistant; and encoding the qubit by using a two-level system formed by the composite optical cavity, taking the atomic system as an assistant, and encoding the qubit by using a two-level photonic system formed by the atomic system and the composite optical cavity simultaneously to form an entangled state between photons and atoms.

Claims (6)

1.一种基于光腔-波导-光腔的量子网络节点设计，其特征在于，该量子网络节点设计包括一个复合光腔、单个原子(a)和光信号(s)；所述复合光腔的整体呈脊形结构，包括两个结构相同的半封闭光腔和与所述半封闭光腔相连接的波导；光信号从所述半封闭光腔的光信号输入端(s)输入，然后在所述复合光腔内进行传输；所述原子(a)用于编码量子比特和与光子相互作用，且原子(a)位于所述波导内的中间位置；1. A quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, is characterized in that, this quantum network node design comprises a composite optical cavity, single atom (a) and optical signal (s); The whole is a ridge structure, including two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavity; the optical signal is input from the optical signal input end(s) of the semi-closed optical cavity, and then in the semi-closed optical cavity. transmission occurs within the composite optical cavity; the atom (a) is used to encode qubits and interact with photons, and the atom (a) is located at an intermediate position within the waveguide; 其中，所述复合光腔包括依次连接的光腔(101)，波导(w)和光腔(102)；所述两个光腔(101和102)为矩形波导谐振腔，所述波导(w)为矩形截止波导，并且所有矩形波导(w)的中心线均呈直线，所述光腔(101)右端开小孔，与所述波导(w)的左端相连接，所述光腔(102)的左端开小孔，与所述波导(w)的右端相连接；Wherein, the composite optical cavity includes an optical cavity (101), a waveguide (w) and an optical cavity (102) connected in sequence; the two optical cavities (101 and 102) are rectangular waveguide resonators, and the waveguide (w) It is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, and the centerlines of all rectangular waveguides (w) are straight lines, a small hole is opened at the right end of the optical cavity (101), and is connected to the left end of the waveguide (w), and the optical cavity (102) A small hole is opened at the left end of , which is connected with the right end of the waveguide (w); 所述光腔(101)、光腔(102)和波导(w)的宽度均为预设波导宽度，高度均为预设波导高度，长度均为预设波导长度。The widths of the optical cavity (101), the optical cavity (102) and the waveguide (w) are all preset waveguide widths, the heights are all preset waveguide heights, and the lengths are all preset waveguide lengths. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于光腔-波导-光腔的量子网络节点设计，其特征在于，所述量子网络节点包括：为了低损耗、低吸收，采用理想金属材料(PEC)作为光腔(101)、光腔(102)和波导(w)的外壳(201)；在所述理想金属材料(201)内包括所述光波导(w)和所述两个半封闭光腔(101)和(102)；2. The quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity according to claim 1, wherein the quantum network node comprises: for low loss and low absorption, ideal metal material (PEC) is used as light A shell (201) of a cavity (101), an optical cavity (102) and a waveguide (w); the optical waveguide (w) and the two semi-enclosed optical cavities (101) are included in the ideal metal material (201) ) and (102); 其中，所述光波导(w)内部填充真空μr＝1，εr＝1(202)，其尺寸为宽度s＝6×10-6m，高度d＝5×10-6m，长度L＝3×10-6m；所述光腔(101和102)内部填充均匀材料μr＝1，εr＝2.2(203)，其尺寸为宽度a＝6×10-6m，高度b＝5×10-6m，长度L2＝2×10-5m。Wherein, the optical waveguide (w) is filled with vacuum μ r =1, ε r =1 (202), and its dimensions are width s=6×10 −6 m, height d=5×10 −6 m, length L =3×10 −6 m; the optical cavity (101 and 102) is filled with uniform material μ r =1, ε r =2.2 (203), and its dimensions are width a=6×10 −6 m, height b= 5×10 −6 m, length L 2 =2×10 −5 m. 3.根据权利要求2所述的基于光腔-波导-光腔的量子网络节点设计，其特征在于，复合光腔形成二能级结构的方式为：3. The quantum network node design based on an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity according to claim 2, wherein the manner in which the composite optical cavity forms a two-level structure is: 在所述光腔(101)的左侧开小孔施加光信号，所述光信号为TE10模式光源，光信号在复合光腔内传播，即两个半封闭光腔中的电磁波通过中间波导传播，由于所述波导(w)为矩形截止波导，相当于一个势垒，所以复合光腔构成一个光学的双势阱结构，并且光信号通过所述截止波导内的量子隧穿效应所产生的自发对称性破缺，形成一个光学的二能级结构。A small hole is opened on the left side of the optical cavity (101) to apply an optical signal, the optical signal is a TE 10 mode light source, and the optical signal propagates in the composite optical cavity, that is, the electromagnetic waves in the two semi-closed optical cavities pass through the intermediate waveguide Propagation, since the waveguide (w) is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, which is equivalent to a potential barrier, the composite optical cavity constitutes an optical double potential well structure, and the optical signal is generated by the quantum tunneling effect in the cut-off waveguide. Spontaneous symmetry breaking, forming an optical two-level structure. 4.根据权利要求3所述的基于光腔-波导-光腔的量子网络节点设计，其特征在于，所述光信号的频率为1.06×1014<ω<1.57×1014(rad/s)。4. The quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity according to claim 3, wherein the frequency of the optical signal is 1.06×10 14 <ω<1.57×10 14 (rad/s) . 5.根据权利要求3和4所述的基于光腔-波导-光腔的量子网络节点设计，其特征在于，通过两能级光子系统所述原子(a)系统的耦合，可以提出一种新的光学量子比特物理实现；所述原子可以是Λ-型原子或人工原子，所述人工原子为约瑟夫森结，所述约瑟夫森结由两层超导体中间夹一层极薄的绝缘体构成，当绝缘层厚度薄到几纳米后会发生电子对隧穿效应，是一个二能级结构，用于编码量子比特。5. The quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that, through the coupling of the atom (a) system of the two-level photonic system, a new The physical realization of the optical qubit; the atom can be a Λ-type atom or an artificial atom, and the artificial atom is a Josephson junction. Electron-pair tunneling occurs when the layer thickness is as thin as a few nanometers, a two-level structure used to encode qubits. 6.根据权利要求3或4所述的基于光腔-波导-光腔的量子网络节点设计，其特征在于，所述量子网络节点编码量子比特的方式为：6. The design of a quantum network node based on an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the quantum network node encodes a quantum bit in the following manner: 利用所述二能级的原子系统编码量子比特，将所述复合光腔形成的二能级光学系统作为辅助；利用所述复合光腔形成的二能级系统编码量子比特，将所述原子系统作为辅助，也可以同时利用所述原子系统和所述复合光腔形成的二能级光子系统编码量子比特，形成光子和原子之间的纠缠态。Using the two-level atomic system to encode qubits, the two-level optical system formed by the composite optical cavity is used as an auxiliary; using the two-level system formed by the composite optical cavity to encode qubits, the atomic system is used to encode qubits. As an aid, the atomic system and the two-level photonic system formed by the composite optical cavity can also be used to encode qubits to form an entangled state between photons and atoms.
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Application publication date: 20210827