CN113315627A - Quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity - Google Patents
Quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315627A CN113315627A CN202110067700.2A CN202110067700A CN113315627A CN 113315627 A CN113315627 A CN 113315627A CN 202110067700 A CN202110067700 A CN 202110067700A CN 113315627 A CN113315627 A CN 113315627A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantum network node design based on an optical cavity, a cut-off waveguide and an optical cavity, which firstly defines the structure of the quantum network node design, and comprises a composite optical cavity and a single atom; the whole composite optical cavity is of a ridge structure and comprises two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavities; the atoms are located at intermediate positions within the waveguide; the size of the quantum network node and the material for manufacturing the design are given, and the function of the quantum network node is verified by adopting mode light as a light source. The quantum network node provided by the invention has the advantages of novel design, simple implementation mode, long fidelity and decoherence time and huge application prospect in the aspect of quantum information, especially optical quantum communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum information, in particular to quantum network node design based on an optical cavity, a waveguide and an optical cavity.
Background
In the physical implementation of quantum information technology, one encounters a dilemma: in order to prevent decoherence and prolong the coherence time, the interaction between a quantum system carrying quantum information and the outside is required to be as small as possible; however, in order to facilitate efficient manipulation and processing of quantum information, the quantum system needs to have strong interaction coupling with the outside. A better solution to this problem is to adopt a quantum network structure, i.e. atoms (including artificial atoms) carrying quantum information are well isolated from the outside to form nodes of the quantum network, and then photons are used to transmit quantum information between different nodes through optical fibers. The photon is used as the field quantum of the electromagnetic field, has no electric charge, is a wave color particle, is not limited by the Pauli incompatibility principle, has small transmission loss and strong robustness to the environment, and is the best carrier for quantum information long-distance transmission.
Quantum information technology based on quantum networks has received attention from a large number of researchers since its introduction. There are many researches on quantum networks based on cavity QED, but there is no composite optical cavity of optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, and quantum network nodes based on such optical cavity are not reported. The invention provides a novel composite optical cavity on the basis of the theory of quantum optics and interaction between light and atoms, is applied to the quantum information technology, and provides a novel implementation scheme of quantum network nodes to realize the function of quantum information transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a quantum network node design based on an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, and the quantum network node is constructed by utilizing the optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, namely a composite optical cavity and atoms.
The invention provides a quantum network node design based on an optical cavity, a waveguide and an optical cavity, which comprises a composite optical cavity and a single atom; the whole composite optical cavity is of a ridge structure and comprises two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavities; an optical signal is input from an optical signal input end of the optical cavity and then transmitted in the composite waveguide cavity; the atoms are for interacting with the optical signal and the atoms are located at intermediate positions within the waveguide.
The composite optical cavity comprises an optical cavity, a waveguide and an optical cavity which are sequentially connected, and the atoms are positioned in the middle of the waveguide; the optical cavity is a rectangular waveguide optical cavity, the waveguide is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the central lines of all the rectangular waveguides are straight lines, the right end of the optical cavity is provided with an opening and connected with the left end of the waveguide, and the left end of the optical cavity is provided with an opening and connected with the right end of the waveguide.
The widths of the optical cavity, the optical cavity and the waveguide are all preset waveguide widths, the thicknesses of the optical cavity, the optical cavity and the waveguide are all preset waveguide heights, and the lengths of the optical cavity, the optical cavity and the waveguide are all preset waveguide lengths.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the quantum network node design based on the optical cavity, the waveguide and the optical cavity, an optical symmetric double-potential well structure is constructed by utilizing the cavity-cut-off waveguide-cavity structure for the first time, and an optical two-level structure is formed by breaking the spontaneous symmetry generated by quantum tunneling effect of photons in the cut-off waveguide, so that a new physical implementation scheme is provided for optical-based qubits.
In the scheme designed by the inventor, the detuning quantity is not limited, and the coupling between photons and atoms can be strong; the quantum bit can be coded by using a two-energy-level atomic system and the photon is used as an assistant, the quantum bit can be coded by using a two-energy-level optical system and the atomic system is used as an assistant, and the quantum bit can be coded by using the atomic system and the photon system at the same time to form an entangled state between the photon and the atom; and in the optical cavity, the atoms and the photons are captured by the cavity, and the interaction between the two-energy-level atoms and the two-energy-level photon system increases the interaction cross section.
The scheme can realize high fidelity and improve the decoherence time, overcomes the defects of the traditional cavity-based QED scheme, has a novel structure and a simple realization mode, and provides a new scheme for realizing the quantum information technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of the design of quantum network node based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
FIG. 2 is a front view of the design of quantum network node based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
FIG. 3 is an intrinsic spectrum diagram of quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity in the present invention
FIG. 4 is a three-energy-level Lambda atomic energy level diagram of quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is based on a three-dimensional diagram of a quantum network node design of an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, and the quantum network node design based on an optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity proposed by the present invention includes a composite optical cavity, a single atom and an optical signal; the whole composite optical cavity is of a ridge structure and comprises two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavities; an optical signal is input from an optical signal input end s of the semi-closed optical cavity and then transmitted in the composite optical cavity; the atom a is used for encoding a qubit and interacting with a photon, and the atom a is located at an intermediate position within the waveguide w;
the composite optical cavity comprises an optical cavity 101, a waveguide w and an optical cavity 102 which are sequentially connected; the optical cavities 101 and 102 are rectangular waveguide resonant cavities, the waveguide w is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the central lines of all the rectangular waveguides are linear, a small hole is formed in the right end of the optical cavity 101 and connected with the left end of the waveguide w, and a small hole is formed in the left end of the optical cavity 102 and connected with the right end of the waveguide w;
the widths of the optical cavity 101, the optical cavity 102 and the waveguide w are all preset waveguide widths, the heights are all preset waveguide heights, and the lengths are all preset waveguide lengths.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the design of the quantum network node based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity of the present invention, where s is the position of the light source, and a perfect metal material PEC is used as the enclosure 201 of the optical cavity 101, the optical cavity 102 and the waveguide w for low loss and low absorption; the optical waveguide w and the two semi-enclosed optical cavities 101 and 102 are included in the ideal metal material 201;
wherein the optical waveguide w is internally filled with vacuum (202) with the parameter of mur＝1，ε r1, with a dimension s of 6 × 10-6m, height d 5 × 10-6m, length L3X 10-6m; the optical cavities 101 and 102 are filled with a homogeneous material (203) with a parameter μr＝1，εr2.2, its dimension is width a is 6 × 10-6m, height b 5 × 10-6m, length L2＝2×10-5m。
The specific process for implementing the quantum network node design based on the optical cavity-waveguide optical cavity comprises the following steps:
the mode of forming the two-level structure by the composite optical cavity is as follows:
a small hole is formed on the left side of the optical cavity 101 for applying an optical signal, wherein the optical signal is TE10Mode light source with frequency of 1.06 × 1014<ω<1.57×1014(rad/s), the optical signal propagates in the composite optical cavity, i.e. the electromagnetic waves in the two semi-closed optical resonant cavities propagate through the intermediate waveguide, and since the waveguide w is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the frequency of the cut-off waveguide is ωc≈1.57×1014(rad/s) is equivalent to a potential barrier, so that the composite optical cavity forms an optical double-potential well structure, spontaneous symmetry generated by the optical signal through quantum tunneling effect in the cut-off waveguide is broken, the interval between the first two pairs is far larger than that of the other inner parts according to an intrinsic spectrum, and photons in the composite optical cavity have larger energy gaps between the first two energy intrinsic values and the remaining two energy intrinsic values, so that an optical two-level structure can be formed, as shown in fig. 3, table 1 is a specific value.
| n＝1 | n＝2 | n＝3 | n＝4 | n＝5 | n＝6 | n＝7 | n＝8 | n＝9 | n＝10 | |
| ωFn | 15.42 | 24.69 | 27.60 | 33.93 | 48.20 | 49.93 | 55.27 | 58.81 | 63.53 | 72.19 |
TABLE 1 first 10 eigenvalues of the composite optical cavity
A new physical implementation of optical qubits is proposed by the coupling of the atomic a system of a two-level photonic system; the atoms may be Λ atoms or artificial atoms, for example, fig. 4 is a level diagram of Λ atoms, the artificial atoms are josephson junctions, each josephson junction is formed by sandwiching a very thin insulator between two layers of superconductors, when the thickness of the insulator is as thin as several nanometers, an electron pair tunneling effect occurs, and the josephson junctions are two-level structures and used for encoding qubits.
The quantum network node encodes the quantum bit in the following way:
encoding quantum bits by using the two-level atomic system, and taking a two-level optical system formed by the composite optical cavity as an assistant; and encoding the qubit by using a two-level system formed by the composite optical cavity, taking the atomic system as an assistant, and encoding the qubit by using a two-level photonic system formed by the atomic system and the composite optical cavity simultaneously to form an entangled state between photons and atoms.
Claims (6)
1. A quantum network node design based on optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity, characterized in that the quantum network node design comprises a composite optical cavity, single atoms (a) and optical signals(s); the whole composite optical cavity is of a ridge structure and comprises two semi-closed optical cavities with the same structure and a waveguide connected with the semi-closed optical cavities; an optical signal is input from an optical signal input end(s) of the semi-closed optical cavity and then transmitted in the composite optical cavity; the atom (a) is for encoding a qubit and interacting with a photon, and the atom (a) is located at an intermediate position within the waveguide;
the composite optical cavity comprises an optical cavity (101), a waveguide (w) and an optical cavity (102) which are connected in sequence; the two optical cavities (101 and 102) are rectangular waveguide resonant cavities, the waveguide (w) is a rectangular cut-off waveguide, the central lines of all the rectangular waveguides (w) are linear, a small hole is formed in the right end of the optical cavity (101) and connected with the left end of the waveguide (w), and a small hole is formed in the left end of the optical cavity (102) and connected with the right end of the waveguide (w);
the widths of the optical cavity (101), the optical cavity (102) and the waveguide (w) are all preset waveguide widths, the heights are all preset waveguide heights, and the lengths are all preset waveguide lengths.
2. The optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity based quantum network node design of claim 1, wherein the quantum network node comprises: for low loss and low absorption, ideal metal materials (PEC) are adopted as the shells (201) of the optical cavity (101), the optical cavity (102) and the waveguide (w); -including said optical waveguide (w) and said two semi-enclosed optical cavities (101) and (102) within said ideal metallic material (201);
wherein the optical waveguide (w) is internally filled with a vacuum μr＝1，εr1(202) with a dimension of width s of 6 × 10-6m, height d 5 × 10-6m, length L3X 10-6m; the optical cavities (101 and 102) are filled with uniform material mur＝1，εr2.2(203), with a width a of 6 × 10-6m, height b 5 × 10-6m, length L2＝2×10-5m。
3. The optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity-based quantum network node design of claim 2, wherein the composite optical cavity forms a two-level structure by:
a small hole is formed on the left side of the optical cavity (101) to apply an optical signal, wherein the optical signal is TE10The mode light source is characterized in that optical signals are transmitted in the composite light cavity, namely electromagnetic waves in the two semi-closed light cavities are transmitted through the middle waveguide, the composite light cavity forms an optical double-potential well structure due to the fact that the waveguide (w) is a rectangular cut-off waveguide and is equivalent to a potential barrier, and the spontaneous symmetry of the optical signals generated by the quantum tunneling effect in the cut-off waveguide is broken, so that an optical two-level structure is formed.
4. The optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity-based quantum network node design of claim 3, wherein the frequency of the optical signal is 1.06 x 1014<ω<1.57×1014(rad/s)。
5. The optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity based quantum network node design of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that by the coupling of the atomic (a) system of a two-level photonic system, a new optical qubit physical implementation can be proposed; the atoms can be lambda-type atoms or artificial atoms, the artificial atoms are Josephson junctions, the Josephson junctions are formed by sandwiching a layer of extremely thin insulator between two layers of superconductors, when the thickness of the insulating layer is as thin as a few nanometers, the tunneling effect of electrons can be generated, and the Josephson junctions are of a two-level structure and are used for coding qubits.
6. The optical cavity-waveguide-optical cavity-based quantum network node design according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the quantum network node encodes qubits in a manner that:
encoding quantum bits by using the two-level atomic system, and taking a two-level optical system formed by the composite optical cavity as an assistant; and encoding the qubit by using a two-level system formed by the composite optical cavity, taking the atomic system as an assistant, and encoding the qubit by using a two-level photonic system formed by the atomic system and the composite optical cavity simultaneously to form an entangled state between photons and atoms.
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| US20080224121A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2008-09-18 | Ranojoy Bose | Spontaneous emission of telecommunication wavelength emitters coupled to at least one resonant cavity |
| WO2014169321A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Macquarie University | Optical switching apparatus and method using quantum control |
| CN104156545A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-11-19 | 武汉大学 | Circuit modeling and simulation method representing terahertz quantum cascading laser device multimode effect |
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