CN113315564B - Bidirectional movable ground-air communication system - Google Patents
Bidirectional movable ground-air communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315564B CN113315564B CN202110440962.9A CN202110440962A CN113315564B CN 113315564 B CN113315564 B CN 113315564B CN 202110440962 A CN202110440962 A CN 202110440962A CN 113315564 B CN113315564 B CN 113315564B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/401—Circuits for selecting or indicating operating mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
- H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
- H04W4/10—Push-to-Talk [PTT] or Push-On-Call services
Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional movable ground-air communication system, which comprises a first channel, a second channel and a control unit, wherein the first channel is used for sending a control instruction to an antenna switching control unit of a very high frequency transceiver, the control instruction is used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver, and the very high frequency transceiver comprises a very high frequency receiver and a very high frequency transmitter; and the second channel is used for sending the control information of a controller or receiving the response information of a pilot on the aircraft according to the working state of the very high frequency transceiver. When a controller presses a PTT key, the very high frequency transmitter is switched to a working state, and the very high frequency receiver is switched to a waiting state; when the controller releases the PTT button, the VHF receiver is switched to the working state, and the VHF transmitter is switched to the waiting state. The invention builds the system link needed by the ground-air communication remote console by using the 4G wireless network in China, is not influenced by external force, and is usable and controllable in the true sense.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ground-to-air communication, in particular to a bidirectional movable ground-to-air communication system.
Background
The ground-air communication used by civil aviation systems in China at present belongs to wireless communication, the main task of the ground-air communication is to establish wireless communication with an aircraft flying in the air through a ground communication system, reliable radio voice communication is established for ground controllers and aircrafts of the aircraft flying in the air, and the communication means mainly adopted at present is very high frequency wireless communication. In order to realize the full coverage of the wireless communication of the air route, a certain number of ground-air communication remote control stations which can meet the whole coverage of the air route are built on the ground below the air route, the remote ground-air communication remote control stations at different places mainly provide ground-air communication service for air traffic region controllers and pilots on aircrafts, the nearest ground-air communication remote control station is at least dozens of kilometers away from a region control center, and more than 1500 kilometers away, in order to meet the relevant requirements of the whole coverage of the main air route, a plurality of remote ground-air communication remote control stations at different places are built by a civil air traffic administration, the single coverage or multiple coverage of high altitude of more than 6000 meters is basically realized at present, and the basic guarantee is provided for the flight safety.
At present, the civil aviation route ground-air communication remote console mainly adopts very high frequency receiving equipment and transmitting equipment, and in order to ensure the safe operation of ground-air communication, each operation guarantee unit strictly implements the industry standard and is equipped with a link guarantee mode of 'two places one space', namely: the two places are: the ground rents optical fiber broadband links of two different operators, and the 'one master one backup' of the ground-air communication link is completed. One null is: an aerial communication link built by a KU-band communication satellite produced in the United states is rented, and the aerial communication link is mainly used for emergency backup of a very high frequency link, and when two ground links simultaneously fail or are interrupted, the aerial communication link is automatically switched to the KU satellite link to complete seamless connection of ground-to-air communication. The working states of a receiver and a transmitter of a remote ground-air communication remote control station are controlled by a ground optical fiber broadband or a point-to-point address link of a KU satellite, and a control instruction (PTT) and a voice instruction of a controller are transmitted and sent. And receiving response information or calling information of the pilot, and completing voice communication between the ground controller and the air pilot.
The civil aviation air traffic administration can not construct a complete set of communication networks all over the country by self, and rents ground optical cables of China telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom to solve the data transmission problem of remote ground-air communication remote control stations in different places in the world. In practice, the following problems have been found: firstly, the ground optical cable is greatly influenced by natural disasters, and once the main trunk line is interrupted, large-area communication interruption can be caused, so that the flight safety is threatened; secondly, the ground optical cable can be mistakenly dug and collided by mistake no matter the ground optical cable is buried or overhead, and once the optical cable is dug or broken by collision, the communication of the link can be interrupted; thirdly, the optical cable laid on the ground has the characteristics of multiple points, long line and wide area, and the line is complex, so that the transmission interruption caused by faults is easy to generate visually; fourthly, although the civil aviation air traffic administration rents links of two different operators, the fact that the two operators walk in a certain specific area is that the same optical cable which is dug up is found, the main link and the standby link are simultaneously interrupted, and the safety risk is high; fifthly, the monthly rent of one optical fiber broadband line is 3200 yuan, so that the operation cost is high; sixthly, in order to prevent the ground optical fiber link from being interrupted simultaneously, the specification requires that two ground optical cables of different operators must be rented to ensure the specific requirement of 'one master one standby', and the safety risk is reduced to be within an acceptable range. Seventhly, the KU communication satellite link is used for solving the emergency guarantee when two optical fiber links on the ground are simultaneously interrupted, but the KU satellite link also has some defects: firstly, the construction cost is high, and the investment capital is about 160 ten thousand yuan; and secondly, the KU satellite link is greatly influenced by an ionized layer, data transmission is delayed, and the use efficiency is low. Thirdly, the operation and maintenance cost is high, the emergency backup state is realized for a long time, and the emergency backup state is controlled by the United states.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a two-way movable ground-air communication system to solve at least one of the above problems.
A two-way movable ground-to-air communication system comprising: the system comprises a first channel, a second channel and a control unit, wherein the first channel is used for sending a control instruction to an antenna switching control unit of a very high frequency transceiver, and the control instruction is used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver; the very high frequency transceiver comprises a very high frequency receiver and a very high frequency transmitter;
the second channel is used for sending control information of a controller or receiving response information of a pilot on the aircraft according to the working state of the very high frequency transceiver;
the second channel includes:
the first user terminal is arranged on the first place and used for receiving the control information of a regional control center controller and sending the control information to the second place through a wireless network;
the second user terminal is arranged on the second place and used for receiving the control information and sending the control information to the input end of the very high frequency transmitter, and the very high frequency transmitter modulates and amplifies the control information and transmits the modulated and amplified control information to the air in a radio signal mode;
the second user terminal is also used for receiving response information output by the very high frequency receiver and sending the response information to the first user terminal through a wireless network; the first user terminal is also used for receiving the response information and sending the response information to a controller of the regional control center.
Preferably, the first channel comprises:
the third user terminal is arranged on the first place and used for receiving the PTT signal output by the controller of the regional control center through the PTT key and sending the PTT signal to the second place through a wireless network;
the fourth user terminal is arranged on the second place and used for receiving the PTT signals through a wireless network and sending the PTT signals to an antenna switching control unit of the very high frequency transceiver, wherein the PTT signals are used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver;
when a controller presses a PTT key, the very high frequency transmitter is switched to a working state, and the very high frequency receiver is switched to a waiting state; when the controller releases the PTT button, the VHF receiver is switched to the working state, and the VHF transmitter is switched to the waiting state.
Preferably, the controller sends the voice control information to the first user terminal through a dedicated microphone.
Preferably, the controller receives the response information sent by the first user terminal through an earphone.
Preferably, the first channel further comprises an audio signal generator connected to the PTT button; when a controller presses a PTT key, the audio signal generator outputs a PTT signal which is a 2000Hz coding signal and is used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver.
Preferably, the second channel further comprises a first adapter for enabling input-output matching between the dedicated microphone and the first user terminal; the first adapter is also used for realizing input and output matching between the earphone and the first user terminal.
Preferably, the second channel further comprises a second adapter for input-output matching between the second user terminal and the very high frequency transceiver.
Preferably, the first channel further comprises a third adapter for input-output matching between the audio signal generator and a third user terminal.
Preferably, the user terminal is a mobile phone.
Preferably, the wireless network comprises one or more of a 2G network, a 3G network, a 4G network and a 5G network.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, a system link required by a ground-air communication remote control console is built by utilizing a 4G wireless network in China, is not influenced by external force, and is usable and controllable in a real sense;
the device is movable in two directions, flexible, strong in natural disaster resistance and small in influence of broken cables;
thirdly, the 4G network is utilized to realize the effective combination of wireless communication (very high frequency transceiver) and wireless connection (4G network);
fourthly, the remote emergency response can be rapidly realized, for example: erecting a temporary radio station, executing a special task and the like;
fifthly, a set of brand-new wireless network guarantee system is added on the basis of 'two places and one space', so that the reliability of safe operation is enhanced;
the method has the advantages that the method can be widely used for ground-air communication of general aviation, is flexible, quick and efficient due to the characteristics of general aviation, and can realize control and command of ground-air communication in different places after the connection of a wireless bidirectional movable ground-air communication linker and a very high frequency receiver transmitter device is completed;
seventhly, the operation cost is low, and proper package or monthly fee can be purchased according to the self demand, and the price can be selected from dozens of yuan to hundreds of yuan;
eighthly, the construction cost is low, the maneuverability is good, the operation is simple, the networking wireless link at different places can be realized, and the system stability is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional mobile ground-air communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bidirectional mobile ground-air communication system, including: the system comprises a first channel, a second channel and a control unit, wherein the first channel is used for sending a control instruction to an antenna switching control unit of a very high frequency transceiver, and the control instruction is used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver; the very high frequency transceiver comprises a very high frequency receiver and a very high frequency transmitter; the second channel is used for sending control information of a controller or receiving response information of a pilot on the aircraft according to the working state of the very high frequency transceiver; the second channel includes: the first user terminal is arranged on the first place and used for receiving the control information of a controller of the regional control center and sending the control information to the second place through a wireless network; the second user terminal is arranged on the second place and used for receiving the control information and sending the control information to the input end of the very high frequency transmitter, and the very high frequency transmitter modulates and amplifies the control information and transmits the modulated and amplified control information to the air in a radio signal mode; the second user terminal is also used for receiving response information output by the very high frequency receiver and sending the response information to the first user terminal through a wireless network; the first user terminal is also used for receiving the response information and sending the response information to a controller of the regional control center.
Wherein the first channel comprises: the third user terminal is arranged on the first place and used for receiving the PTT signal output by the controller of the regional control center through the PTT key and sending the PTT signal to the second place through a wireless network; and the fourth user terminal is arranged on the second place and used for receiving the PTT signals through the wireless network and sending the PTT signals to the antenna switching control unit of the very high frequency transceiver, and the PTT signals are used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver.
When a controller presses down a PTT key, the very high frequency transmitter is switched to a working state, and the very high frequency receiver is switched to a waiting state; when the controller releases the PTT button, the VHF receiver is switched to the working state, and the VHF transmitter is switched to the waiting state.
In this embodiment, the controller sends the management and control information to the first user terminal through the dedicated microphone, and receives the response information sent by the first user terminal through the earphone.
The first channel also includes an audio signal generator connected to the PTT button. When the controller presses the PTT key, the audio signal generator outputs a PTT signal which is a 2000Hz coding signal and is used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver.
The second channel further comprises a first adapter for enabling input-output matching between the dedicated microphone and the first user terminal. The first adapter is also used for realizing input and output matching between the earphone and the first user terminal. The second channel further comprises a second adapter for input-output matching between the second user terminal and the very high frequency transceiver. The first channel further comprises a third adapter for enabling input-output matching between the audio signal generator and a third user terminal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first user terminal, the second user terminal, the third user terminal and the fourth user terminal are preferably mobile phones, and can also be other electronic equipment such as a tablet personal computer.
The user terminal wireless network is preferably a 4G network, and can also be a 2G network, a 3G network, a 5G network and the like. The embodiment of the invention is realized on the basis of the existing 4G network in China, the coverage rate of the 4G network in China reaches 64.5 percent, the coverage rate of the rural network reaches 98 percent, the coverage rate of the urban network reaches 100 percent, and the network coverage rate is particularly high. The network bandwidth and the network transmission rate are basic conditions for realizing a remote control station for ground-air communication in different places. The continuous stability of the network is the quality guarantee of data transmission. Various technical services and technical indexes provided by wireless network operators of China telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom can meet the design requirements of the embodiment of the invention. The link with the remote ground-to-air communication equipment (the very high frequency transceiver equipment) is realized through technical application and technical innovation, the ground-to-air communication between the air traffic controller and the pilot on the aircraft is established, and the voice communication between the controller and the pilot is realized.
After the bidirectional movable ground-air communication system is connected with the very high frequency transceiver and is in a connection state, a control system (PTT) of a controller of a first ground is successfully linked with a controlled system of a second ground, a control circuit is in a standby state, and a control interface is connected with the very high frequency equipment. When the controller presses PTT key, the audio signal generator outputs 2000Hz code signal, which is transmitted from the first place to the second place via wireless network, and when the second place receives the control signal (PTT) from the first place, the switch circuit is triggered to control the work state of the very high frequency transceiver. When a controller releases a control key (PTT), the very high frequency transmitter is switched to a standby state, the very high frequency receiver is switched to a working state, response information of a pilot is received and processed by the ground very high frequency receiver, then is sent to the first-place mobile phone by the second-place mobile phone in an audio signal mode, and is sent to an earphone of the controller after being processed by the matching circuit and the amplifying circuit. After the controller receives the response information of the pilot, one circulation of ground-air communication is completed, and information exchange of ground-air communication is realized. When the control requirement is over, the system link can be automatically released by the controller hanging up the telephone, and the bidirectional movable ground-air communication system is in a standby state.
The bidirectional movable ground-air communication system of the embodiment of the invention realizes the system functions required by software and hardware by recycling resources based on the existing 4G network in China, establishes connection between the very high frequency transceiver and the 4G network through technical improvement, and can meet the technical indexes of ground-air communication through testing, wherein the fidelity of received and transmitted signals is better, the modulation degree of transmitted signals reaches 97.6 percent, the quality of the received and transmitted signals is better, the operation is stable and reliable, and the response time of a control switching instruction (PTT) is less than or equal to 20 milliseconds and meets the technical standard. The two-way movable ground-air communication system of the embodiment of the invention has completely different connection modes and data formats from the two places and one air, but the finished functions and transmission characteristics are basically consistent with the optical fiber broadband, the receiving and transmitting audio signals can not be distinguished from optical fiber transmission or wireless 4G transmission through the auditory sense of human ears, and the audio signal quality is better.
14 noon at 3 months and 3 days 2021: 00 the system test is carried out in communication room of technical support center of Xinjiang air traffic control bureau, and the system test is connected with RS4200 type VHF receiver transmitter equipment produced by Germany, firstly, the response time and the control logic of a control key (PTT) are tested, and the test switching time is less than 20 milliseconds to meet the technical requirement. After that, the test is carried out on the very high frequency receiving signal, and the quality of the listening transmission signal is good. Meanwhile, the quality of the very high frequency transmitting signal is tested, the modulation degree of the audio signal can reach 97.6% and is better than the standard value of 85%, all functions required by design are realized, and all technical indexes of ground-air communication are met.
The experiments of the present invention were carried out as follows: 4 mobile phones with the same model are selected and related matching circuits are designed to complete system architecture and system configuration, wherein: a, two mobile phones are arranged, one mobile phone is responsible for sending voice data and receiving the voice data, and the other mobile phone is responsible for controlling the working states of a very high frequency receiver and a very high frequency transmitter by a control command (PTT) sent by a controller; in the second place, two mobile phones are similarly arranged, one of them is responsible for transmission of voice data and reception of voice data, and the other is responsible for reception of a control command (PTT) transmitted by a controller. And switching the working states of the very high frequency receiver and the very high frequency transmitter when receiving the control command. The system is connected with the very high frequency transmitter to output the voice information of the controller. The receiver is connected to receive a reply voice message from an aircraft pilot on the aircraft. A mobile phone used for a controller to send out a control command (PTT) and a mobile phone used for a controller to receive the control command (PTT) form a system. The system is formed by connecting related circuits after the system corresponding relation is confirmed, the first-place mobile phone is a calling end, the second-place mobile phone is a called end, in order to realize one-key dialing, the first-place two mobile phones store the numbers of the second-place mobile phones according to the corresponding relation, the second-place two mobile phones also need to store the numbers of the first-place mobile phones according to the corresponding relation, all strange calls are automatically intercepted while the one-key dialing is realized, and the system intrusion is prevented. The invention also sets the 'zero second' automatic connection function and automatic recording function when storing the called telephone of the second place, and the bidirectional movable ground-air communication system, the very high frequency receiver and the very high frequency transmitter are all in standby state after the system is connected. When there is a control requirement, the controller can operate the mobile phone to establish a link of the ground-air communication in different places. When the two mobile phones in the A-site are both in the on state, one of the two mobile phones in the B-site is responsible for receiving a PTT instruction sent by a controller in the A-site, and the working state of the very high frequency transceiver is controlled after the instruction is received. The other part is responsible for sending the voice signal of the controller to the input port of the very high frequency transmitter, transmitting a radio signal to the air after modulation and amplification, when the controller finishes transmitting an instruction, the PTT key is released, the transmitter is switched to a standby state, the very high frequency transmitter is switched to a working state to wait for the response of a pilot, and when the controller confirms that the pilot receives the response information, the effective ground-air communication control is finished.
The embodiment of the invention completes the transmission of audio signals through the connection of the A-earth mobile phone and the B-earth mobile phone on the basis of the existing 4G network resources, designs and reforms the input and output ports of the A-earth mobile phone and the B-earth mobile phone, is additionally provided with an adapter, completes the matching of a professional microphone and the input and output ports of the mobile phone, completes the design of a system frame and realizes the required system functions. Under the condition of confirming that the A-earth mobile phone is connected with the B-earth mobile phone, when a controller presses a control key (PTT), a signal generator outputs preset coded information, the coded information is sent to an input port of the A-earth mobile phone through an adapter and a matching circuit, and the input port is sent to the B-earth mobile phone by the A-earth mobile phone to control the working state of the very high frequency transceiver after judgment, identification and confirmation.
The embodiment of the invention has the following characteristics:
the technical characteristics of the special microphone, such as power supply parameters, wiring logic, earphone impedance, microphone impedance, a transmission control instruction (PTT), an audio response range, audio input impedance, audio output impedance and the like cannot be directly connected with a 4G mobile phone, and meanwhile, any technical modification of the original special microphone is not allowed. The earphone has good quality of listening to the voice signal, the signal-to-noise ratio meets the technical requirements, the volume of the earphone can be adjusted, and the using effect is good. Because each controller is provided with a special microphone, one microphone can be used on two different systems under the condition of not changing the microphone currently used by the controller, thereby saving the fund, improving the use efficiency of the original microphone and realizing win-win.
The embodiment of the invention is based on 4G wireless network link, and has stronger natural disaster resistance compared with ground optical fiber broadband transmission.
Compared with the original 'two places one space' transmission mode, the embodiment of the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use, flexibility, quick installation, low construction cost and low operation cost.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (9)
1. A two-way movable ground-air communication system, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
the system comprises a first channel, a second channel and a control unit, wherein the first channel is used for sending a control instruction to an antenna switching control unit of a very high frequency transceiver, and the control instruction is used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver; the very high frequency transceiver comprises a very high frequency receiver and a very high frequency transmitter;
the second channel is used for sending control information of a controller or receiving response information of a pilot on the aircraft according to the working state of the very high frequency transceiver;
the second channel includes:
the first user terminal is arranged on the first place and used for receiving the control information of a regional control center controller and sending the control information to the second place through a wireless network;
the second user terminal is arranged on the second place and used for receiving the control information and sending the control information to the input end of the very high frequency transmitter, and the very high frequency transmitter modulates and amplifies the control information and transmits the modulated and amplified control information to the air in a radio signal mode;
the second user terminal is also used for receiving response information output by the very high frequency receiver and sending the response information to the first user terminal through a wireless network; the first user terminal is also used for receiving the response information and sending the response information to a controller of the regional control center;
the first channel includes:
the third user terminal is arranged on the first place and used for receiving the PTT signal output by the controller of the regional control center through the PTT key and sending the PTT signal to the second place through a wireless network;
the fourth user terminal is arranged on the second ground and used for receiving the PTT signals through a wireless network and sending the PTT signals to an antenna switching control unit of the very high frequency transceiver, and the PTT signals are used for controlling the working state of the very high frequency transceiver;
when a controller presses a PTT key, the very high frequency transmitter is switched to a working state, and the very high frequency receiver is switched to a waiting state; when the controller releases the PTT key, the VHF receiver is switched to a working state, and the VHF transmitter is switched to a waiting state.
2. A two-way movable ground-air communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the controller sends the voice control information to the first user terminal through a special microphone.
3. A two-way movable ground-air communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the controller receives the response information sent by the first user terminal through the earphone.
4. A two-way movable air-ground communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first channel also comprises an audio signal generator which is connected with the PTT key; when a controller presses a PTT key, the audio signal generator outputs a PTT signal which is a 2000Hz coding signal.
5. A two-way movable ground-air communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the second channel further comprises a first adapter for enabling input-output matching between the dedicated microphone and a first user terminal; the first adapter is also used for realizing input and output matching between the earphone and the first user terminal.
6. A two-way movable air-ground communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second channel further comprises a second adapter for input-output matching between the second user terminal and the very high frequency transceiver.
7. A bidirectional movable ground-air communication system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the first channel further comprises a third adapter for enabling input-output matching between the audio signal generator and a third user terminal.
8. A two-way movable ground-air communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the user terminal is a mobile phone.
9. A two-way movable ground-air communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wireless network comprises one or more of a 2G network, a 3G network, a 4G network and a 5G network.
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