CN113315447A - SPIM motor drive circuit and method - Google Patents
SPIM motor drive circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315447A CN113315447A CN202110625144.6A CN202110625144A CN113315447A CN 113315447 A CN113315447 A CN 113315447A CN 202110625144 A CN202110625144 A CN 202110625144A CN 113315447 A CN113315447 A CN 113315447A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/01—Asynchronous machines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a SPIM motor driving circuit and a method thereof, comprising a first winding driving unit and a second winding driving unit; the first winding driving unit is used for driving the first winding; the second winding driving unit comprises a driving unit, an alternating current unit and a switching unit and is used for driving the second winding based on the driving unit or the alternating current unit under the control of the switching unit. The SPIM motor driving circuit and the method can realize smaller starting current and smaller energy loss, and the driver only needs to provide partial energy required by the SPIM motor when the motor runs, and can realize hot switching of driving control and power grid control.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a Single Phase Induction Motor (SPIM), and more particularly, to a SPIM Motor driving circuit and method.
Background
SPIM motors refer to asynchronous motors that use a single phase AC power supply. The SPIM motor has the advantages of convenient use, wide application, simple structure, low cost, low noise, small interference to a radio system and the like because only single-phase alternating current is needed, so the SPIM motor is commonly used in household appliances with low power and small power machines, such as electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, range hoods, electric drills, medical instruments, small fans, household water pumps and the like.
In the prior art, a SPIM motor is generally composed of a stator, a rotor, a bearing, a casing, an end cover and the like. Because the output power is not large, the rotor of the SPIM motor usually adopts a squirrel-cage rotor, and the stator is provided with a set of working windings called as Main windings (M windings for short), which can only generate positive and negative alternating pulsating magnetic fields in the air gap of the motor, but can not generate a rotating magnetic field, so that the starting torque can not be generated. In order to generate a rotating magnetic field in the air gap of the motor, an auxiliary winding (Aux, abbreviated as a winding) is also required on the stator. Because the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding and the magnetic field of the main winding are combined in the air gap of the motor to generate a rotating magnetic field, the motor generates starting torque, so that the rotor can rotate by itself.
The prior art SPIM motor starts in the manner shown in FIG. 1. However, in this way, the starting current of the main winding is too large, which is 5-10 times of the rated current, so that the SPIM motor generates heat seriously, and energy waste is caused.
The SPIM motor starts to enter the running state after being started, and at this time, the capacitor can be connected in the way shown in FIG. 1, or in the way of partial connection shown in FIG. 2, or in the way of only main winding connection shown in FIG. 3. However, in the above mode of operation of the SPIM motor, since the design of the SPIM motor cannot guarantee that the start and operation meet the optimal operating point at the same time, and the flux linkage of the motor is generally elliptical, the torque and rotation speed fluctuation can be caused, and the energy consumption is large; meanwhile, the SPIM motor cannot be adjusted and controlled to be at the optimal working point according to the load condition, and the energy consumption is also high.
When the SPIM motor adopts power electronic devices, the SPIM motor can adopt various operation modes as shown in FIGS. 4-6, and has the advantages of small starting current, stable flux linkage control, small fluctuation of rotating speed and torque, small energy loss, stable rotating speed control and the like. However, all of the energy of the SPIM motor comes from the drive, resulting in the drive needing to withstand the full motor power.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a SPIM motor driving circuit and method, which can realize smaller starting current and smaller energy loss, only needs to provide part of the energy required by the SPIM motor, and can realize hot switching of driving control and grid control.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a SPIM motor driving circuit, including a first winding driving unit and a second winding driving unit; the first winding driving unit is used for driving the first winding; the second winding driving unit comprises a driving unit, an alternating current unit and a switching unit and is used for driving the second winding based on the driving unit or the alternating current unit under the control of the switching unit.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first winding driving unit employs an ac power supply.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first winding driving unit includes a rectifying unit, a dc bus, and an inverting unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving unit includes a voltage-doubling rectifying unit, a dc bus, and a half-bridge inverting unit; the alternating current unit adopts input alternating current, and the switch unit comprises a first switch and a second switch; the voltage-multiplying rectification unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is connected with the half-bridge inversion unit, the half-bridge inversion unit is connected with the first end of the second winding through the first switch, the second end of the second winding is connected with one end of the input alternating current through a neutral point of the direct current bus, and the other end of the input alternating current is connected with the first end of the second winding through the second switch.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the half-bridge inverter unit employs a two-level half-bridge inverter or a three-level half-bridge inverter; the voltage-multiplying rectification unit adopts a single-phase voltage-multiplying rectification circuit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the dc bus employs two sets of electrolytic capacitors or batteries connected in series.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving unit includes a rectifying unit, a dc bus and an inverting unit, the ac unit adopts input ac, and the switching unit includes a first switch and a second switch; the rectification unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is connected with the inversion unit, the inversion unit is connected with the second winding through the first switch, and the alternating current unit is connected with the second winding through the second switch.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the inverter unit employs a two-level inverter and a three-level inverter.
The invention provides a SPIM motor driving method, which is applied to the SPIM motor driving circuit and comprises the following steps;
driving the first winding based on a first winding driving unit;
and when the SPIM motor is started, the switching unit of the second winding driving unit is controlled, and the second winding is driven based on the driving unit of the second winding driving unit.
In an embodiment of the invention, the method further includes controlling the switching unit when the start of the SPIM motor is completed or a switching tube of the driving unit is damaged, and driving the second winding based on the ac unit of the second winding driving unit.
As described above, the SPIM motor driving circuit and method of the present invention have the following advantages:
(1) the starting current is small, and the starting is stable and controllable;
(2) the current of the winding can be adjusted to enable the synthetic magnetic field of the first winding and the second winding to be circular, so that the loss of the motor is reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is improved; the torque and rotating speed fluctuation is smaller, so that the motor abrasion is reduced, and the service life of the motor is prolonged;
(3) the driving circuit only needs to provide partial energy required by the motor, and the other partial energy is directly provided by the power grid;
(4) through on-off control, the hot switching from the drive control of the SPIM motor to the power grid control can be realized, and the normal operation of the SPIM motor can be ensured even if a switch tube of a driver is damaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a SPIM motor start circuit in an embodiment of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor operating circuit in a first embodiment in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a SPIM motor operating circuit in a second embodiment of the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor control circuit in a third embodiment in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a prior art SPIM motor control circuit in a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a prior art SPIM motor control circuit in a fifth embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor driving circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a SPIM motor driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
The SPIM motor driving circuit and the method of the invention realize the supply of energy required by the SPIM motor by the cooperation of the driver and the power grid by selectively adopting the driving control and the power grid control on one winding of the SPIM motor, and simultaneously realize smaller starting current and smaller energy loss, thereby having practicability. Wherein the first winding and the second winding of the SPIM motor form a main winding and an auxiliary winding of the SPIM motor. Namely, the first winding is a main winding or an auxiliary winding, and the second winding is an auxiliary winding or a main winding.
The SPIM motor drive circuit of the present invention includes a first winding drive unit and a second winding drive unit. The first winding driving unit is used for driving the first winding. The second winding driving unit comprises a driving unit, an alternating current unit and a switching unit and is used for driving the second winding based on the driving unit or the alternating current unit under the control of the switching unit.
The SPIM motor drive circuit of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the first winding is an auxiliary winding, and the second winding is a main winding.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first winding driving unit 1 employs an ac power source. Specifically, the first winding driving unit 1 is connected to an auxiliary winding 21 of the SPIM motor 2, and drives the auxiliary winding 21 by inputting an alternating current. Preferably, the one-winding drive unit 1 includes an ac power supply 11 and a capacitor 12. The alternating current power supply 11 and the capacitor 12 are connected in series and then connected to both ends of the auxiliary winding 21 to complete the driving of the auxiliary winding 21.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second winding driving unit 3 includes a driving unit 31, an alternating current unit 32, and a switching unit 33. The driving unit 31 includes a voltage-doubling rectifying unit 311, a dc bus 312, and a half-bridge inverting unit 313. The alternating current unit 32 adopts input alternating current; the switching unit 33 includes a first switch S1 and a second switch S2.
The voltage-doubling rectifying unit 311 is connected to the dc bus 312, and is configured to convert the input AC of the AC unit 32 into dc and input the dc into the dc bus 312. Specifically, the voltage doubling unit 311 employs a single-phase voltage doubling circuit. In this embodiment, the input end of the voltage-doubling rectifying unit 311 is connected to an inductor, the inductor is connected to one end of the input alternating current AC, and two output ends of the voltage-doubling rectifying unit 311 are respectively connected to two ends of the direct current bus 312.
The dc bus 312 is connected to the half-bridge inverter unit 313, and is configured to input the dc power to the half-bridge inverter unit 313. Specifically, two ends of the dc bus 312 are respectively connected to two input ends of the half-bridge inverter unit 313, and are configured to bear the dc power generated by the voltage-doubling rectifying unit 311, and input the dc power to the half-bridge inverter unit 313. In an embodiment of the present invention, the dc bus 312 employs two sets of electrolytic capacitors or batteries connected in series.
The half-bridge inverter unit 313 is connected to a first end of the main winding 22 through the first switch S1, a second end of the main winding 22 is connected to one end of the input AC through the neutral point of the dc bus 312, and the other end of the input AC is connected to the first end of the main winding 22 through the second switch S2. Specifically, the output end of the half-bridge inverter unit 313 is connected to one end of the main winding 22 through the first switch S1, and is configured to convert the dc power into an ac power and input the ac power into the main winding 22 of the SPIM motor 2 to drive the main winding 22. In an embodiment of the present invention, the half-bridge inverter unit 313 is a two-level inverter or a three-level inverter.
Since the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are provided, the hot switching of the drive control and the grid control of the SPIM motor can be achieved by the closing and opening of the switches.
In the initial state, the first switch S1 is set to be closed, the second switch S2 is set to be open, and the SPIM motor is driven and controlled. When the driving of the SPIM motor is completed, the first switch S1 can be set to be open, the second switch S2 can be set to be closed, and the SPIM motor can be driven by the power grid. In addition, if the driver switch tube is damaged, the SPIM motor can still normally run by opening the first switch S1 and closing the second switch S2.
Example two
As shown in fig. 8, in this embodiment, the first winding is a main winding, and the second winding is an auxiliary winding.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first winding driving unit includes a rectifying unit, a dc bus, and an inverting unit 1 a. The rectifying unit is connected with the direct current bus and used for converting input alternating current Vac into direct current and inputting the direct current into the direct current bus. Specifically, the rectifying unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectifying circuit, a single-phase BOOST rectifying circuit, a totem-pole structure rectifying circuit or a voltage doubling rectifying circuit. Preferably, the rectifying unit may adopt a two-level rectifying circuit, a three-level rectifying circuit or a multi-level rectifying circuit. A rectifier circuit that converts input ac power to dc power is within the scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the input ac Vac and the inductor are connected in series between two input ends of the rectifying unit, and two output ends are respectively connected to two ends of the dc bus. The direct current bus is connected with the inversion unit 1a and used for inputting the direct current into the inversion unit 1 a. Specifically, two ends of the dc bus are respectively connected to two input ends of the inverter unit 1a, and are configured to carry the dc power generated by the rectifier unit and input the dc power to the inverter unit 1 a. In an embodiment of the present invention, the dc bus employs an electrolytic capacitor or a battery. The inverter unit 1a is connected with a main winding 21a of the SPIM motor 2a, and is used for inputting alternating current into the main winding 21 a. Two output ends of the inverter unit 1a are respectively connected to two ends of the main winding 21a, so as to drive the main winding 21 a. In an embodiment of the present invention, the inverter unit 1a is a two-level inverter or a three-level inverter.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second winding driving unit includes a driving unit, an alternating current unit and a switching unit. The driving unit includes a rectifying unit, a dc bus and an inverting unit 3a, the ac unit employs an input ac power Vac, and the switching unit includes a first switch S1 and a second switch S2. Preferably, the driving unit and the first winding driving unit share a rectifying unit and a bus bar unit.
The inverter unit 3a is connected to the auxiliary winding 22a through the first switch S1, and is configured to convert the dc power into ac power, and input the ac power to the auxiliary winding 22a through the first switch S1. Specifically, two output terminals of the inverter unit 3a are respectively connected to two ends of the auxiliary winding 22a after passing through the first switch S1. Therefore, when the first switch S1 is closed, the output ac of the inverter unit 3a drives the auxiliary winding 22 a. In an embodiment of the present invention, the inverter unit 3a is a two-level inverter. .
The ac unit is connected to the auxiliary winding 22a through the second switch S2, and is used for inputting the input ac current Vac to the auxiliary winding 22a through the second switch S2. In particular, the input alternating current Vac may be provided by the grid, which is connected across the auxiliary winding 22a via the second switch S2. Therefore, when the second switch S2 is closed, the input ac power drives the auxiliary winding 22 a. In an embodiment of the present invention, the ac unit further includes a capacitor connected in series with the auxiliary winding 22a and then connected to the input ac current Vac via the second switch S2.
In the starting process of the SPIM motor driving circuit, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, the auxiliary winding is driven by the driving unit, and the main winding is driven by the first winding driving unit, so that the starting current is small, and the starting effect is good. After the starting is finished or the driving inversion unit is damaged, the first switch is switched off, the second switch is switched on, the auxiliary winding is driven based on the alternating current unit, and the main winding is driven based on the first winding driving unit. Therefore, the SPIM motor driving circuit driver only needs to provide partial energy required by the motor, the other partial energy is directly provided by the power grid, and meanwhile, the hot switching of driving control and power grid control can be realized, so that the reliability of circuit operation is ensured.
As shown in fig. 9, in an embodiment, the driving method of the SPIM motor driving circuit of the present invention includes the following steps;
step S1, driving the first winding based on the first winding driving unit.
And step S2, when the SPIM motor is started, controlling the switch unit of the second winding driving unit, and driving the second winding based on the driving unit of the second winding driving unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for driving a SPIM motor further includes controlling the switching unit when the start of the SPIM motor is completed or the switching tube of the driving unit is damaged, and driving the second winding based on the ac unit of the second winding driving unit, thereby implementing the hot switch from the driving control to the grid control.
Preferably, the driving method of the SPIM motor of the present invention further includes adjusting the currents of the first winding and the second winding to make the resultant magnetic fields of the first winding and the second winding form a circular shape, so as to reduce the damage and wear of the SPIM motor, and improve the energy efficiency and the life of the SPIM motor.
In conclusion, the SPIM motor driving circuit and the method have the advantages of small starting current and stable and controllable starting; the current of the winding can be adjusted to enable the synthetic magnetic field of the first winding and the second winding to be circular, so that the loss of the motor is reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is improved; the torque and rotating speed fluctuation is smaller, so that the motor abrasion is reduced, and the service life of the motor is prolonged; the driving circuit only needs to provide partial energy required by the motor, and the other partial energy is directly provided by the power grid; through on-off control, the hot switching from the drive control of the SPIM motor to the power grid control can be realized, and the normal operation of the SPIM motor can be ensured even if the driver is damaged by the switching tube. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A SPIM motor drive circuit characterized by: the winding driving device comprises a first winding driving unit and a second winding driving unit;
the first winding driving unit is used for driving the first winding;
the second winding driving unit comprises a driving unit, an alternating current unit and a switching unit and is used for driving the second winding based on the driving unit or the alternating current unit under the control of the switching unit.
2. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first winding driving unit adopts an alternating current power supply.
3. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first winding driving unit comprises a rectifying unit, a direct current bus and an inverting unit.
4. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 1, wherein: the driving unit comprises a voltage-multiplying rectifying unit, a direct-current bus and a half-bridge inverter unit; the alternating current unit adopts input alternating current, and the switch unit comprises a first switch and a second switch; the voltage-multiplying rectification unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is connected with the half-bridge inversion unit, the half-bridge inversion unit is connected with the first end of the second winding through the first switch, the second end of the second winding is connected with one end of the input alternating current through a neutral point of the direct current bus, and the other end of the input alternating current is connected with the first end of the second winding through the second switch.
5. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 4, wherein: the half-bridge inversion unit adopts a two-level half-bridge inverter or a three-level half-bridge inverter; the voltage-multiplying rectification unit adopts a single-phase voltage-multiplying rectification circuit.
6. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 4, wherein: the direct current bus adopts two groups of electrolytic capacitors or batteries which are connected in series.
7. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 1, wherein: the driving unit comprises a rectifying unit, a direct current bus and an inverting unit, the alternating current unit adopts input alternating current, and the switch unit comprises a first switch and a second switch; the rectification unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is connected with the inversion unit, the inversion unit is connected with the second winding through the first switch, and the alternating current unit is connected with the second winding through the second switch.
8. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 7, wherein: the inversion unit adopts a two-level inverter, a three-level inverter or a multi-level inverter.
9. A SPIM motor driving method applied to the SPIM motor driving circuit of one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: comprises the following steps;
driving the first winding based on a first winding driving unit;
and when the SPIM motor is started, the switching unit of the second winding driving unit is controlled, and the second winding is driven based on the driving unit of the second winding driving unit.
10. The SPIM motor drive method of claim 9, wherein: the control method further comprises the step of controlling the switching unit and driving the second winding based on the alternating current unit of the second winding driving unit when the SPIM motor is started completely or a switching tube of the driving unit is damaged.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114142786A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 上海儒竞智控技术有限公司 | SPIM motor drive control frequency conversion to power frequency hot switching method, system and control terminal |
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| 樊英等: "开绕组永磁复合轮毂电机驱动系统容错控制", 《电工技术学报》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114142786A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 上海儒竞智控技术有限公司 | SPIM motor drive control frequency conversion to power frequency hot switching method, system and control terminal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113315447B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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