CN113315448A - SPIM motor drive circuit and method - Google Patents
SPIM motor drive circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315448A CN113315448A CN202110625151.6A CN202110625151A CN113315448A CN 113315448 A CN113315448 A CN 113315448A CN 202110625151 A CN202110625151 A CN 202110625151A CN 113315448 A CN113315448 A CN 113315448A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/34—Arrangements for starting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/01—Asynchronous machines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a SPIM motor driving circuit and a method, comprising a driver and an alternating current unit; the driver comprises a rectifying unit, a direct current bus, a first inversion unit and a second inversion unit, wherein the rectifying unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is respectively connected with the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit, and the first inversion unit is connected with a first winding of the SPIM motor through a first switch; the second inverter unit is connected with a second winding of the SPIM motor; the alternating current unit comprises an input alternating current, a second switch and a capacitor; the input alternating current is connected with the first winding through the second switch and the capacitor and is connected with the input end of the rectifying unit. The SPIM motor driving circuit and the method can realize smaller starting current and smaller energy loss, can realize frequency conversion and power frequency driving of the SPIM motor, and only need to provide partial energy required by the SPIM motor under the power frequency operation condition.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a Single Phase Induction Motor (SPIM), and more particularly, to a SPIM Motor driving circuit and method.
Background
SPIM motors refer to asynchronous motors that use a single phase AC power supply. The SPIM motor has the advantages of convenient use, wide application, simple structure, low cost, low noise, small interference to a radio system and the like because only single-phase alternating current is needed, so the SPIM motor is commonly used in household appliances with low power and small power machines, such as electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, range hoods, electric drills, medical instruments, small fans, household water pumps and the like.
In the prior art, a SPIM motor is generally composed of a stator, a rotor, a bearing, a casing, an end cover and the like. Because the output power is not large, the rotor of the SPIM motor usually adopts a squirrel-cage rotor, and the stator is provided with a set of working windings called as Main windings (M windings for short), which can only generate positive and negative alternating pulsating magnetic fields in the air gap of the motor, but can not generate a rotating magnetic field, so that the starting torque can not be generated. In order to generate a rotating magnetic field in the air gap of the motor, an auxiliary winding (Aux, abbreviated as a winding) is also required on the stator. Because the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding and the magnetic field of the main winding are combined in the air gap of the motor to generate a rotating magnetic field, the motor generates starting torque, so that the rotor can rotate by itself.
The prior art SPIM motor starts in the manner shown in FIG. 1. However, in this way, the starting current of the main winding is too large, which is 5-10 times of the rated current, so that the SPIM motor generates heat seriously, and energy waste is caused.
The SPIM motor starts to enter the running state after being started, and at this time, the capacitor can be connected in the way shown in FIG. 1, or in the way of partial connection shown in FIG. 2, or in the way of only main winding connection shown in FIG. 3. However, in the above mode of operation of the SPIM motor, since the design of the SPIM motor cannot guarantee that the start and operation meet the optimal operating point at the same time, and the flux linkage of the motor is generally elliptical, the torque and rotation speed fluctuation can be caused, and the energy consumption is large; meanwhile, the SPIM motor cannot be adjusted and controlled to be at the optimal working point according to the load condition, and the energy consumption is also high.
When the SPIM motor adopts power electronic devices, the SPIM motor can adopt various operation modes as shown in FIGS. 4-6, and has the advantages of small starting current, stable flux linkage control, small fluctuation of rotating speed and torque, small energy loss, stable rotating speed control and the like. However, all of the energy of the SPIM motor comes from the drive, resulting in the drive needing to withstand the full motor power.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a driving circuit and method for a SPIM motor, which can realize a smaller starting current and a smaller energy loss, and can realize a variable frequency operation of the SPIM motor; under the power frequency operation mode of the power grid, only partial energy required by the SPIM motor needs to be provided, and the hot switching of drive control and power grid control can be realized.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a SPIM motor driving circuit, including a driver and an ac unit; the driver comprises a rectifying unit, a direct current bus, a first inversion unit and a second inversion unit, wherein the rectifying unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is respectively connected with the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit, and the first inversion unit is connected with a first winding of the SPIM motor through a first switch; the second inverter unit is connected with a second winding of the SPIM motor; the alternating current unit comprises an input alternating current, a second switch and a capacitor; the input alternating current is connected with the first winding through the second switch and the capacitor and is connected with the input end of the rectifying unit.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first inverter unit and the second inverter unit are two-level inverters, three-level inverters or multi-level inverters.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the rectification unit employs a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem-pole structure rectification circuit, or a voltage-doubling rectification circuit.
The invention provides a SPIM motor driving method, which is applied to the SPIM motor driving circuit and comprises the following steps;
when the SPIM motor is started or is in a frequency conversion control state, the first switch is closed, and the second switch is opened;
driving a first winding of the SPIM motor based on the first inverter unit; and driving a second winding of the SPIM motor based on a second inverter unit. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the SPIM motor is switched from the variable frequency to the power frequency or the first inverter unit is damaged, the first switch is turned off, the second switch is turned on, the first winding is driven based on the input ac power, and the second winding is driven based on the second inverter unit.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first inverter unit and the second inverter unit are two-level inverters, three-level inverters or multi-level inverters.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the rectification unit employs a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem-pole structure rectification circuit, or a voltage-doubling rectification circuit.
As described above, the SPIM motor driving circuit and method of the present invention have the following advantages:
(1) the motor can be driven to start by adopting an inversion unit, soft start is realized by adopting vector control, and the starting current is small; the first winding and the second winding of the motor are in current fit to form a circular magnetic field in the motor, so that the loss of the motor is reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is improved; the torque and the rotating speed fluctuation are small, so that the motor abrasion is reduced, and the service life of the motor is prolonged;
(2) in the inverter unit mode, the motor can realize variable frequency operation;
(3) when the rotating speed of the motor magnetic field reaches the frequency of the power grid, S1 can be disconnected, S2 can be closed, and the hot switch from variable frequency driving to power frequency driving is realized, so that the driver and the power grid jointly control the motor to operate; the circular magnetic field is formed by adjusting the current of the second winding to match the current of the first winding, so that the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the motor is small, and the loss is small; in the mode, the power grid bears partial energy required by the motor, and the frequency converter bears partial energy required by the motor;
(4) if the inverter switching tube connected with the first winding is damaged, the switch S1 can be disconnected, the switch S2 can be closed, the current of the second winding is controlled to be matched with the current of the first winding to form a circular magnetic field, the starting of the motor is realized, and the current is small and controlled in the whole process; and the inverter only bears part of the energy required by the motor to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a SPIM motor start circuit in an embodiment of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor operating circuit in a first embodiment in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a SPIM motor operating circuit in a second embodiment of the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor control circuit in a third embodiment in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a prior art SPIM motor control circuit in a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a prior art SPIM motor control circuit in a fifth embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a SPIM motor driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a SPIM motor driving method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
1 driver
11 rectifying unit
12 DC bus
13 first inverter unit
14 second inverter unit
15 first switch
2 alternating current unit
21 input AC
22 second switch
23 capacitance
3 SPIM motor
31 first winding
32 second winding
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
According to the SPIM motor driving circuit and method, the second winding and the first winding of the SPIM motor are respectively connected to the inverter unit, and the first winding is connected to the power grid based on the switch circuit, so that the SPIM can be controlled by the driver to operate in a variable frequency mode, the first winding can optionally realize the fixed-frequency operation of the SPIM motor based on the cooperative driving of the inverter unit and the power grid, the hot switching of the driving control and the fixed-frequency control of the power grid is realized, meanwhile, the smaller starting current and the smaller energy loss are realized, and the SPIM motor driving circuit and method have high practicability. Wherein the first winding and the second winding of the SPIM motor form a main winding and an auxiliary winding of the SPIM motor. Namely, the first winding is a main winding or an auxiliary winding, and the second winding is an auxiliary winding or a main winding.
As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment, the SPIM motor driving circuit of the present invention includes a driver 1 and an ac unit 2.
The driver 1 includes a rectifying unit 11, a dc bus 12, a first inverting unit 13, a second inverting unit 14, and a first switch 15.
The rectifying unit 11 is connected to the dc bus 12, and is configured to convert an input ac current Vac into a dc current, and input the dc current into the dc bus 12. Specifically, the rectification unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem-pole structure rectification circuit or a voltage doubling rectification circuit. Preferably, the rectifying unit 11 may adopt a two-level rectifying circuit, a three-level rectifying circuit or a multi-level rectifying circuit. A rectifier circuit that converts input ac power to dc power is within the scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the input ac Vac and the inductor are connected in series between two input ends of the rectifying unit 11, and two output ends are respectively connected to two ends of the dc bus 12.
The dc bus 12 is connected to the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14, respectively, and is configured to input the dc power to the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14, respectively. Specifically, two ends of the dc bus 12 are respectively connected to two input ends of the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14, and are configured to carry the dc power generated by the rectifier unit 11 and input the dc power to the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14. In an embodiment of the present invention, the dc bus 12 is an electrolytic capacitor or a battery.
The first inverter unit 13 is connected to the first winding 31 of the SPIM motor 3 through a first switch 15, and is configured to convert the direct current into an alternating current, and input the alternating current to the first winding 31 through the first switch 15. Specifically, two input ends of the first inverter unit 13 are connected to two output ends of the dc bus 12, and the two output ends are connected to two ends of the first winding 31 respectively after passing through the first switch 15. Therefore, when the first switch 15 is closed, the output ac power of the first inverter unit 13 can drive the first winding 31. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first inverter unit 13 is a two-level inverter, a three-level inverter, or a multi-level inverter.
The second inverter unit 14 is connected to the second winding 32 of the SPIM motor 3, and is configured to convert the direct current into an alternating current, and input the alternating current to the second winding 32. Specifically, two input ends of the second inverter unit 14 are connected to two output ends of the dc bus 12, and the two output ends are respectively connected to two ends of the second winding 32, so as to drive the second winding 32. In an embodiment of the present invention, the second inverter unit 14 is a two-level inverter, a three-level inverter, or a multi-level inverter.
The alternating current unit 2 comprises an input alternating current 21, a second switch 22 and a capacitor 23; the input alternating current 21 passes through a second switch 22; and is connected to the first winding 31 for inputting the input alternating current to the first winding 31 via the second switch 22, and simultaneously inputting the input alternating current to the input end of the rectifying unit 11. In particular, the input alternating current 21 may be provided by the grid, which is connected across the first winding 31 via the second switch 22 and the capacitor 23. Therefore, when the second switch 22 is closed, the input ac 21 drives the first winding 31.
In the starting and frequency conversion control process of the SPIM motor driving circuit, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, the first winding is driven based on the first inversion unit, the second winding is driven based on the second inversion unit, and the current of the first winding is 90 degrees ahead of the current of the second winding. The control mode of the SPIM motor connected with the driver can realize the variable frequency operation of the motor. When the SPIM motor needs to operate at a power frequency, the SPIM motor can operate to the power frequency power grid frequency in a variable frequency driving mode, the frequency and the phase of the driving voltage Vm of the second winding are adjusted to be consistent with the frequency and the phase of the Vac, then the first switch S1 is switched off, the second switch S2 is switched on, the first winding 31 is driven based on the alternating current Vac, the second winding 32 is driven based on the driver to realize the thermal switching from the variable frequency to the power frequency, and at the moment, the driver only provides partial energy required by the operation of the motor. When the first inversion unit switch tube is damaged, the first switch is switched off, the second switch is switched on, the first winding is driven based on the alternating current unit, and the second winding is driven based on the second inversion unit. Therefore, the SPIM motor drive circuit driver can simultaneously realize frequency conversion control and power frequency fixed frequency control, can realize hot switching of drive control and power grid control, and ensures the reliability of circuit operation.
As shown in fig. 8, in an embodiment, the SPIM motor driving method of the present invention is applied to the SPIM motor driving circuit, and includes the following steps;
and step S1, when the SPIM motor is started or in a frequency conversion control state, closing the first switch and opening the second switch.
Specifically, during the starting and frequency conversion control process of the SPIM motor, the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, the first winding is driven by the first inverter unit, and the second winding is driven by the second inverter unit.
Step S2, driving a first winding of the SPIM motor based on the first inversion unit; and driving a second winding of the SPIM motor based on a second inverter unit.
Specifically, the alternating current output by the first inversion unit directly drives the first winding. The alternating current output by the second inversion unit directly drives the second winding.
In one embodiment of the invention, the SPIM motor can run under variable frequency and power frequency; if the SPIM motor needs to operate under a power frequency condition, the motor can be driven by two inverter bridges to operate to the power frequency, then the first switch S1 is switched off, and the second switch S2 is switched on, so that the SPIM motor is switched from non-power frequency to power frequency operation; if the inverter bridge connected with the first winding is damaged, the first switch S1 is disconnected, the second switch S2 is closed, and the SPIM motor can still be started and operated at power frequency by controlling the current of the second winding and matching with the current of the first winding. The reliability of the circuit operation is ensured.
Preferably, the driving method of the SPIM motor of the present invention further includes adjusting the currents of the first winding and the second winding to make the resultant magnetic fields of the first winding and the second winding form a circular shape, so as to reduce the damage and wear of the SPIM motor, and improve the energy efficiency and the life of the SPIM motor.
In summary, the SPIM motor driving circuit of the invention can realize the soft start, the variable frequency control and the fixed frequency control of the SPIM motor. The starting current is small; can be through adjusting winding circuit for the synthetic magnetic field of first winding and second winding is circular, and torque, rotational speed are undulant little, and is efficient, reduces motor wear, promotes the motor life-span, and can realize drive control to the hot switch of electric wire netting power frequency fixed frequency control. Even under the condition that the first contravariant unit of driver takes place the switch tube and damages, through the control to first switch and second switch, adjust the second winding current and cooperate first winding current to form circular magnetic field, also can guarantee SPIM motor's undercurrent and start and power frequency operation. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A SPIM motor drive circuit characterized by: comprises a driver and an alternating current unit;
the driver comprises a rectifying unit, a direct current bus, a first inversion unit and a second inversion unit, wherein the rectifying unit is connected with the direct current bus, the direct current bus is respectively connected with the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit, and the first inversion unit is connected with a first winding of the SPIM motor through a first switch; the second inverter unit is connected with a second winding of the SPIM motor;
the alternating current unit comprises an input alternating current, a second switch and a capacitor; the input alternating current is connected with the first winding through the second switch and the capacitor and is connected with the input end of the rectifying unit.
2. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit adopt a two-level inverter, a three-level inverter or a multi-level inverter.
3. The SPIM motor drive circuit of claim 1, wherein: the rectification unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem-pole structure rectification circuit or a voltage doubling rectification circuit.
4. A SPIM motor driving method applied to the SPIM motor driving circuit of one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: comprises the following steps;
when the SPIM motor is started or is in a frequency conversion control state, the first switch is closed, and the second switch is opened;
driving a first winding of the SPIM motor based on the first inverter unit; and driving a second winding of the SPIM motor based on a second inverter unit.
5. The SPIM motor drive method of claim 4, wherein: when the SPIM motor is switched from frequency conversion to power frequency or the first inversion unit is damaged, the first switch is switched off, the second switch is switched on, the first winding is driven based on input alternating current, and the second winding is driven based on the second inversion unit.
6. The SPIM motor drive method of claim 4, wherein: the first inversion unit and the second inversion unit adopt a two-level inverter, a three-level inverter or a multi-level inverter.
7. The SPIM motor drive method of claim 4, wherein: the rectification unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem-pole structure rectification circuit or a voltage doubling rectification circuit.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110625151.6A CN113315448A (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | SPIM motor drive circuit and method |
| PCT/CN2021/108169 WO2022252370A1 (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-23 | Spim motor driving circuit and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110625151.6A CN113315448A (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | SPIM motor drive circuit and method |
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| CN113315448A true CN113315448A (en) | 2021-08-27 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114142786A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 上海儒竞智控技术有限公司 | SPIM motor drive control frequency conversion to power frequency hot switching method, system and control terminal |
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2021
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114142786A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 上海儒竞智控技术有限公司 | SPIM motor drive control frequency conversion to power frequency hot switching method, system and control terminal |
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