CN113313351A - Electric-gas-thermal system flexibility evaluation method considering multi-energy coupling influence - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model provides an electric-gas-thermal system flexibility evaluation method considering the multi-energy coupling influence, which obtains the parameter data of the electric-gas-thermal system; obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data; averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system; according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index, evaluating the capability of electricity-gas-heat response wind power change; according to the method, the flexibility of up-regulation and down-regulation of the wind turbine generator is quantified by analyzing the working principle and the operation characteristics of the generator set, the energy storage equipment, the energy conversion equipment and the adjustable load, and a flexibility evaluation system is established based on the flexibility evaluation system and used for evaluating the capacity of the system capable of receiving wind power, so that the accuracy of evaluation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of optimization evaluation of an electric-gas-thermal system, in particular to an electric-gas-thermal system flexibility evaluation method considering multi-energy coupling influence.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the rapid increase of energy demand, the traditional fossil energy reserves are not enough to support long-term consumption, and the combustion of fossil energy also causes serious environmental pollution. Under the dual pressure of environmental pollution and energy crisis, how to realize large-scale access and utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like is widely researched by various countries. However, as the access rate of renewable energy sources increases, the problems of frequency offset and voltage instability of the power system are aggravated due to the fluctuation and randomness of the output of the renewable energy sources, and the safe and stable operation of the system is threatened. In addition, the lack of flexible resources of the system may result in the system failing to balance power in time due to insufficient adjustability, resulting in energy waste or insufficient load supply. In summary, under the condition that a large amount of uncertain renewable energy sources exist in the current grid connection, reasonable scheduling of flexible resources becomes a very important link for operation of the power system.
In order to better address the adverse effects of wind power output uncertainty, many methods for quantifying and mining system flexibility have been proposed. The invokable flexible resources can be divided into three categories according to their source: generator set, transmission line and user's demand. The conventional thermal power generating unit can respond to wind power change by adjusting the output value and the working state of the conventional thermal power generating unit. The flexibility of the unit is generally limited by factors such as the margin of allowable force, the ramp rate and the start-stop state. Researchers provide unit flexibility indexes under typical economic operation and unit combination scenes, the climbing capacity and the start-stop time of the unit are considered, and the flexibility of the unit in the operation process is quantized. Researchers put forward a power Generation Extension Planning (GEP) concept, and flexible supply of the thermal power generating unit in system planning is considered, so that the phenomena of renewable energy waste and load shedding caused by insufficient investment are avoided. In the aspect of power transmission lines, flexibility is mainly reflected in the allowed power transmission capacity of each power transmission line. Researchers define the flexibility index of the power transmission network based on the static safety margin and the power flow distribution of the power grid branch so as to ensure that the transmission power of the line does not cross the boundary. Researchers introduce the concept of dynamic position flexibility, analyze the relationship between flexibility indexes and inertia distribution indexes, and identify buses with highest flexibility in the power system under uncertain loads and power injection. In the aspect of user demand, considering the influence of peak-valley electricity prices and energy utilization policies on user energy utilization habits, demand response can be regarded as a new flexible resource to participate in power system scheduling, and system flexibility is improved.
At present, evaluation indexes aiming at the overall flexibility of a power system are mainly divided into two types, namely a probability type evaluation index and a determination type evaluation index. The probability type index depends on the flexibility resource and the probability distribution of the wind power output, and the determination type index guides the operation of the system by utilizing the known adjustable parameter range. A conventional system power generation adequacy indicator is load loss expectation (LOLE), which is obtained by summing the probabilities of the system experiencing an underpowered condition. Based on the LOLE indicator, another probabilistic indicator is proposed, namely a hill climbing resource shortage expectation (IRRE), which redefines the flexibility of system operation again from the standpoint of the hill climbing capability of the fleet. In terms of insufficient flexibility, the under-climb probability (LORP) is used to describe the limitations of the unit's ability to climb, and in practical applications, the unutilized Energy Expectation (EENS) plays a good role in evaluating system flexibility. The method is characterized in that researchers consider factors such as unit output, climbing capacity and line transmission capacity, and the flexibility level of system operation is represented by a maximum allowable load fluctuation interval, namely a deterministic index.
At present, flexibility mining is limited to an electric power system, a single energy system is limited in schedulable flexibility resources, and the effect of increasing wind power consumption is not obvious. The multifunctional coupling operation mode can fully utilize the advantages of different energy systems in time, load demand and economy to realize resource complementation, improve the energy utilization efficiency, reduce environmental pollution and provide a new operation strategy for increasing wind power consumption. The flexibility of the multi-energy coupling system is mainly embodied on the energy conversion equipment, researchers study the influence of the combined operation of different energy conversion equipment on the flexibility of the comprehensive energy system, and prove that the multi-energy coupling operation can exert the synergistic advantage and improve the capability of the system for coping with uncertainty fluctuation. Researchers provide a quantitative evaluation model of the maximum adjusting capacity of the cogeneration unit, and analyze the influence of different heat storage capacities on the maximum adjusting capacity of the unit. Researchers have proposed an approximate solution algorithm for the real-time scheduling optimization problem of the comprehensive energy system based on intermittent renewable energy, heat storage equipment and a cogeneration unit. However, the energy conversion relationship of the integrated energy system coupled with a plurality of energy systems makes the flexible evaluation of each energy system difficult.
The inventor finds that the current research on the flexibility of the system rarely considers the time limit, and if only a static flexibility working area is researched, the flexibility supply of the system under a short time scale is ignored, and the quantification of the flexibility resource is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the method for evaluating the flexibility of the electricity-gas-heat system considering the multi-energy coupling influence quantifies the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility of the electricity-gas-heat system by analyzing the working principle and the operation characteristics of a unit, energy storage equipment, energy conversion equipment and adjustable loads, establishes a flexibility evaluation system based on the flexibility evaluation system for evaluating the capacity of the system for accepting wind power, and improves the accuracy of evaluation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
a first aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility assessment method that accounts for the effects of multi-energy coupling.
An electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multi-energy coupling, comprising the following processes:
acquiring parameter data of an electric-gas-thermal system;
obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data;
averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system;
and evaluating the capability of electric-gas-thermal response wind power change according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index.
Further, the system up-regulation flexibility index is the sum of the thermal power generating unit up-regulation flexibility index, the energy storage down-regulation flexibility index, the cogeneration unit up-regulation flexibility index and the electricity-to-gas down-regulation flexibility index.
Furthermore, the up-regulation flexibility of the current thermal power generating unit is obtained according to the maximum output power of the current unit, the output power of the unit at the current moment, the maximum upward climbing rate of the unit, the time interval between the two observation points, the output powers of all the units at the current moment and the output powers of all the units at the previous moment.
Furthermore, the energy storage down regulation flexibility of the current energy storage device is obtained according to the energy storage capacity used by the current unit at the current time, the maximum discharge power of the current energy storage device, the discharge energy conversion efficiency of the current energy storage device, the time interval between the two observation points, the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the current time and the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the previous time.
Furthermore, the up-regulation flexibility index of the cogeneration unit is obtained according to the maximum power limit of the current CHP unit, the electric quantity generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment, the reduction amount of the power generation corresponding to the increase of the heat of the production unit under the condition of consuming the same natural gas, the heat generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment and the allowable change power value of a certain node in the power system at the current moment.
Furthermore, the down-regulation flexibility index of the electric gas conversion equipment is obtained according to the output power of the current electric gas conversion unit at the current moment and the minimum output power of the current electric gas conversion equipment.
Further, the demand response flexibility-up indicator is equal to zero when the increase in the electrical load caused by the demand response is less than or equal to zero, and the demand response flexibility-up indicator is the increase in the electrical load when the increase in the electrical load caused by the demand response is greater than zero.
Further, the system down-regulation flexibility index is the sum of a thermal power generating unit down-regulation flexibility index, an energy storage up-regulation flexibility index, a cogeneration unit down-regulation flexibility index and an electric-to-gas equipment up-regulation flexibility index.
Furthermore, the down-regulation flexibility of the current thermal power generating unit is obtained according to the output power of the current unit, the minimum output power of the current unit, the maximum downward climbing rate of the current unit at the current moment, the time interval between the two observation points, the output powers of all the units at the current moment and the output powers of all the units at the previous moment.
Furthermore, the energy storage up-regulation flexibility of the current energy storage device is obtained according to the maximum capacity of the current energy storage device, the energy storage capacity used by the current energy storage device at the current moment, the maximum charging power of the current energy storage device, the charging energy conversion efficiency of the current energy storage device, the time interval between the two observation points, the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the current moment and the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the previous moment.
Furthermore, the down regulation flexibility index of the cogeneration unit is obtained according to the minimum power limit of the current CHP unit for generating power, the electric quantity generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment, the heat generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment and the change of the power value allowed by a certain node in the power system at the current moment.
Furthermore, the up-regulation flexibility index of the electric gas conversion equipment is obtained according to the maximum output power of the current electric gas conversion equipment, the output power of the current electric gas conversion unit at the current moment, the gas load at the current moment and the electric load at the current moment.
Further, the demand response turndown flexibility indicator is equal to zero when the increase in the electrical load caused by the demand response is greater than zero, and the demand response turndown flexibility indicator is the amount of reduction in the electrical load when the increase in the electrical load caused by the demand response is less than or equal to zero.
Further, the sum of fuel cost, natural gas cost and wind abandon punishment cost of the thermal power generating unit is minimum, and optimization control of the electric-gas-thermal system is carried out.
Furthermore, the power system model of the electric-gas-heat system comprises node power balance constraint, generator set output upper and lower limit constraint, transmission line transmission capacity constraint, unit climbing rate constraint, energy storage equipment energy balance constraint, charge and discharge power constraint, energy storage equipment maximum capacity constraint, energy storage cycle balance constraint and charge and discharge relation constraint.
Further, the natural gas system model of the electro-gas-thermal system includes a natural gas node flow balance constraint, a natural gas source output constraint, a node gas pressure constraint, and a natural gas transmission capacity constraint.
Further, the thermodynamic system model of the electric-gas-thermal system includes heat flow balance and transmission capacity limitation of the heat pipe network.
Furthermore, an energy conversion equipment model of the electricity-gas-heat system is constructed according to two kinds of energy conversion equipment, namely a cogeneration unit and an electricity-to-gas unit.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment system that accounts for the effects of multi-energy coupling.
An electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility assessment system that accounts for multi-energy coupling effects, comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring parameter data of an electric-gas-thermal system;
an index acquisition module configured to: obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data;
an average flexibility indicator acquisition module configured to: averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system;
a wind power capability assessment module configured to: and evaluating the capability of electric-gas-thermal response wind power change according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multi-energy coupling as described in the first aspect of the present disclosure.
A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method for assessing flexibility of an electrical-pneumatic-thermal system taking into account the effects of multi-energy coupling according to the first aspect of the present disclosure when executing the program.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
1. according to the method, the system, the medium or the electronic equipment, the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility of the set, the energy storage equipment, the energy conversion equipment and the load-adjustable working principle and the running characteristics are analyzed, and a flexibility evaluation system is established based on the flexibility evaluation system and used for evaluating the capacity of the system for receiving wind power, so that the evaluation accuracy is improved.
2. The method, the system, the medium or the electronic equipment disclosed by the disclosure are used for carrying out optimization control on the electric-gas-thermal system by taking the minimum value of the sum of the fuel cost of the thermal power generating unit, the natural gas cost and the wind abandon penalty cost as a target, and obtaining the flexibility benefit and the economic benefit of system operation under different scheduling time scales by comparing the influences of different flexibility resources on the system operation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flexibility evaluation system of PGHIS provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a simplified FOR schematic diagram of a CHP single unit provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a PGHIS model provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram for comparing the system operation results of scenario 1 and scenario 2 provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the comparison of the flexibility in downward adjustment of scene 1 and scene 2 provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram comparing operation results of scenario 2 and scenario 3 provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the comparison of the flexibility in downward adjustment of scene 2 and scene 3 provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an influence of a thermal energy storage element on flexibility of a CHP unit according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Fig. 9 is a load curve considering a demand response provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides an electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility assessment method considering a multi-energy coupling effect, including the following processes:
acquiring parameter data of an electric-gas-thermal system;
obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data;
averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system;
and evaluating the capability of electric-gas-thermal response wind power change according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: system flexibility evaluation system
The objective of this embodiment is to evaluate the flexibility of the power system taking into account the effects of the multipotent coupling and to assume that the only uncertainty factor of the system is wind power output. System flexibility is defined in this embodiment as the ability of the power system to respond to wind power changes by employing different scheduling methods. The system flexibility is directional, and is divided into up-regulation flexibility and down-regulation flexibility corresponding to the up-regulation capability and the down-regulation capability.
In order to quantify the system flexibility and further better guide the safe and economic operation of the system, the embodiment establishes a flexibility evaluation system for PGHIS, and the architecture is shown in fig. 1. The flexibility evaluation system is composed of a flexibility index and a comprehensive evaluation index of each part of the system. The flexibility indexes of all parts of the system are used for quantifying the flexible resources which can be called, and the PGHIS is formed by connecting a power system, a natural gas system and a thermal system through coupling equipment, so the flexible resources which can be called by the system can be divided into three types of electricity, gas and energy conversion according to the energy types. In power systems and natural gas systems, quantification of flexible resources takes into account three factors: energy source, stored energy and load. The energy source index mainly comprises the flexibility of up-regulation and down-regulation of the thermal power generating unit and the natural gas source. The flexibility of energy storage is mainly provided by the electric energy storage device and the gas storage tank. The flexibility on the load side primarily takes into account demand response. The functions of cogeneration units (CHPs) and electric gas conversion plants (P2G) are considered in terms of energy conversion. The energy conversion unit is a link for connecting different energy systems, so that the limits of the receivable capacity and the air pressure of the nodes are considered besides the constraint of the operation conditions of the unit. And the comprehensive evaluation index evaluates the performance of the system from three aspects of fuel cost, wind power consumption and average flexibility. Specific flexibility evaluation indexes are introduced in the next section.
The schedulable flexibility resources described above differ in response time. For example, the output of the thermal power generating unit has a large adjusting range, but the climbing speed is slow, power generation needs to be performed according to a certain plan, and frequent adjustment is hoped to be avoided; the energy storage device can quickly respond to system changes in a short time; demand response provides scheduling flexibility by shifting load, but also requires planning ahead of time; the natural gas network can provide temporary energy storage in a short time and can be used for coping with the change of uncertain factors; compared with the conventional unit, the energy conversion equipment has higher conversion rate and can quickly respond to system fluctuation. Therefore, the measurement of system flexibility can be divided into a long time scale and a short time scale, such as day-ahead scheduling and day-in scheduling, and different scheduling methods can be adopted for different time scales.
S2: quantitative indicators of system flexibility
The problem of this embodiment study is to measure the amount of flexibility resources that can be used to meet flexibility requirements such as wind power changes. In order to evaluate the flexibility of the system, the embodiment specifically introduces a calculation method of a related flexibility evaluation index based on analysis of operation principles of various flexibility resources.
S2.1: evaluation index of flexible resource
Thermal power generating unit:
for a thermal power generating unit, the output of the thermal power generating unit is mainly limited by two factors of a permitted boundary output value and a boundary climbing rate. The calculation formulas of the flexibility of up regulation and the flexibility of down regulation of the thermal power generating unit are as follows:
an energy storage device:
energy storage in the power system is an important flexible resource, and can be used for peak clipping and valley filling, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the system scheduling strategy is optimized. Taking electrical energy storage as an example, the electrical energy storage device has two working states of charging and discharging, and the two working states do not exist at the same time. The flexibility that the electric energy storage device can provide is also limited by the device capacity and the maximum charge-discharge rate, and the calculation formulas of the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility of the energy storage are as follows:
the PGHIS comprises energy storage devices with various energy types, such as storage batteries, gas storage tanks, heat storage devices and the like, and the principle of the calculation method of the up-regulation and down-regulation flexibility is the same as that of electric energy storage.
An energy conversion device:
the energy conversion equipment is a link for connecting a plurality of energy systems, conversion among different energies can be realized, and the flexibility and constraint of a natural gas system and a thermodynamic system can be reflected in indexes of a power system through the energy conversion equipment. The energy conversion equipment mainly considered in the embodiment is a cogeneration unit and electric gas conversion equipment, and the specific analysis is as follows:
cogeneration unit:
cogeneration plants (CHPs) can be considered as a combination of gas turbines and heat boilers. Because the gas turbine has a fast climbing speed, the climbing process of the cogeneration unit is not considered in the embodiment, and the energy output condition of the unit is mainly researched. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined heat and power (FOR) working area of a unit, which can be described by equations (5) to (8).
Equation (5) represents the range of electrical output of the unit under the same heat, equation (6) is the maximum and minimum constraints on fuel consumption, and equation (7) is the maximum and minimum constraints on heat output.
There are two modes of operation of a cogeneration unit: back pressure and suction. The back pressure type working boundary of the CHP unit is a fixed slope rgPerforming electric heating production. c. CvThe physical meaning of (a) is the amount of reduction in power generation corresponding to an increase in the unit heat of production at the same consumption of natural gas. Formula (8) is cvThe method of (3).
The cogeneration unit is connected to a plurality of energy systems, and the operation constraints of the different energy systems will limit the operation area of the cogeneration unit. In power systems, the maximum allowable input power of the nodes connected to the energy conversion devices needs to be considered, and in natural gas systems, the pressure of the nodes should be kept within a safe range. The constraints of different energy systems are shown as follows:
the flexibility provided by the cogeneration unit can be calculated using the following formula in the case of supplying equal thermal loads. It is assumed that the cogeneration unit is operating in a fixed-heat state and the power generation capacity of the cogeneration unit is insufficient to meet the demand of all the power loads.
Electric gas conversion equipment:
the conversion of electrical energy to natural gas (P2G) is effected by the action of electricity. When wind power generation is at a high level, part of electric energy which cannot be absorbed by the system is converted into natural gas to be input into a gas network so as to meet the natural gas load requirement, so that the energy utilization rate can be improved, the economic benefit is increased, and the flexibility of the multi-energy coupling system is greatly improved.
The operation of the P2G plant also requires consideration of the constraints described by equations (9) and (10). The flexibility of the P2G device is calculated as follows:
and (3) demand response:
demand Response (DR) is a policy for changing electricity usage habits of users by changing electricity rates and power policies. The method realizes the translation of the load in time and category, and plays an important role in peak clipping and valley filling. The alternate demand response optimizes the operating mode of the energy conversion device to meet the same quality of energy usage demand by the user. The alternative demand response model may be represented by the following equation:
ΔDC,b,t＝-γΔGC,b,t (17)
the flexibility provided by demand response can be measured by:
the flexibility of the alternative demand response in a short time is mainly reflected in the change of the working state of the energy conversion equipment and can be reflected in the flexibility indexes of the CHP unit and the P2G equipment.
S2.1: comprehensive evaluation index of system flexibility
On the basis of the flexibility indexes of the various parts of the system, the flexibility indexes are combined to obtain a flexibility quantization index of the whole system, as shown in formulas (23) to (26).
When there is curtailment, measures that can be taken to increase wind power consumption include:
(1) the output of the thermal power generating unit is reduced;
(2) the energy storage device stores electric energy;
(3) the heat-electricity ratio of the cogeneration unit is improved;
(4) the output of the electric gas conversion equipment is increased.
Based on the above analysis, equations (23) - (24) represent the adjustable capacity of the system at different observation time points. In a scheduling period, the flexibility of the system at different observation time points is averaged, which can be used to represent the average flexibility level of the system in the scheduling period, as shown in equations (25) - (26).
S3: electric-gas-heat integrated system optimization operation modeling
S3.1: objective function
The PGHIS optimized objective function is as follows:
min Csys＝Cele+Cgas+Cwind (27)
the method selects the optimal system economy as an objective function, and comprises the following three parts: the fuel cost of the thermal power generating unit is shown as a formula (28), the natural gas cost is shown as a formula (29), and the wind abandon penalty cost is shown as a formula (30).
S3.2: electric power system model
For modeling of the power system, the corresponding equality and inequality constraints are shown in equation (31) -equation (40):
node power balance constraint:
d, direct current load flow calculation:
and (3) restraining the upper and lower output limits of the generator set:
Pi,min≤Pi,t≤Pi,max (33)
transmission line transmission capacity constraint:
Pl,min≤Pij,t≤Pl,max (34)
and (3) unit climbing rate constraint:
the charge-discharge operable range of the energy storage device may be described by the following equation:
energy balance constraint of energy storage equipment:
limiting charge and discharge power:
limiting the maximum capacity of the energy storage device:
0≤St≤Smax (38)
energy storage period balance constraint conditions:
ST＝S1 (39)
and (3) constraint of charge-discharge relation:
s3.2: natural gas system model
Similar to the power system, the modeling of the natural gas system takes into account the flow balance of the nodes and the upper and lower constraints on the operation of the corresponding equipment.
And (3) natural gas node flow balance constraint:
and (3) output constraint of a natural gas source:
Gg,min≤Gg,t≤Gg,max (42)
the natural gas flow rate was calculated using the Weymouth equation, as shown in equation (43).
Due to the existence of the nonlinear terms in the formula, the natural gas flow formula needs to be linearized, and an incremental linearization method can be adopted.
And (3) node air pressure constraint:
πi,min≤πi,t≤πi,max (44)
natural gas transmission capacity constraints:
Gl,min≤Gij,t≤Gl,max (45)
s3.3: thermodynamic system model
Thermodynamic system modeling takes into account thermodynamic network heat flow balance and transmission capacity limitations, as shown in equations (46) and (47).
Hl,min≤Hij,t≤Hl,max (47)
S3.4: energy conversion equipment model
In this embodiment, two types of energy conversion equipment, i.e., a cogeneration unit and an electric-to-gas unit, are considered, and the energy conversion relationship of the simplified equipment is as follows:
in the present example, the meaning of each parameter is as follows:
Pi,t: and (5) the output power of the unit i at the time t.
Δt: the time interval between two observation points.
Se,t: and the used energy storage capacity of the energy storage device e is at the moment t.
Lt: load at time t.
ΔDC,b,t,ΔGC,b,t: the increase in electrical and thermal loads caused by demand response.
γ: energy conversion coefficient.
We,Wg: specific power and heating value of natural gas.
AFup,AFdn: system average up and down flexibility.
T: number of time periods.
Np: the number of units.
Ng: the amount of natural gas source.
Nw: the number of wind turbine generators.
ai,bi,ci,gi,cw: and the cost coefficients of the thermal power generating unit, the natural gas and the abandoned wind.
Pij,t、Gij,t、Hij,t: and (c) power, natural gas and heat transmitted between the node i and the node j at the moment t.
δi: phase angle of node i.
xij: the equivalent reactance of the transmission line between node i and node j.
πi,t: and (e) the air pressure of the node i at the time t.
S4: example analysis
The PGHIS model used in the example is composed of a 39-node power system, a 20-node natural gas system, and a 4-node thermodynamic system coupled by a cogeneration unit and an electric-to-gas plant, as shown in fig. 3. The thermodynamic system only considers the heat output of the cogeneration unit, and the relevant parameters of the thermal power unit are shown in table 1. And the objective function of the model optimization is optimal in economy, and the curtailment cost is added into the objective function as a penalty term.
Table 1: unit parameters
The flexibility index system is used for quantifying the flexibility resources available for the system under different time scales and evaluating the flexibility of the operation of the multi-energy coupling system. Because the focus of the current research is mainly on improving the wind power consumption, and the research method of the system up-regulation flexibility is basically consistent with the down-regulation flexibility, only the down-regulation flexibility of the energy system is analyzed hereinafter.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the index, the following six operation scenes are set for comparative analysis.
Scene 1: and (4) scheduling day ahead, wherein each energy system operates independently without considering energy conversion.
Scene 2: day-ahead scheduling, multi-energy coupling operation, and energy conversion of a cogeneration unit and an electricity-to-gas unit are considered.
Scene 3: and (4) scheduling day ahead, and adding an electric energy storage device on the basis of the multi-energy coupling operation.
Scene 4: and scheduling day ahead, and adding the heat energy storage equipment on the basis of the multi-energy coupling operation.
Scene 5: and scheduling day ahead, and adding load side demand response on the basis of the multi-energy coupling operation.
Scene 6: and (4) scheduling in days, performing multi-energy coupling operation, and setting the scheduling time scale to be 15 minutes.
The cost of the operation results under different scenes is shown in table 2, and the average flexibility index result of the system is shown in table 3.
Table 2: cost of system operation
Table 3: flexibility index
S4.1: effect of multipotent coupling on System operational flexibility
In order to analyze the effect of the multi-energy coupling in providing the system operation flexibility, the operation conditions of different units in scene 1 and scene 2 are compared, as shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from (a) in fig. 4, the multi-energy coupling operation can absorb wind power more effectively than scenario 1. The peak time of the wind power output is 0: 00-8: 00 and 19: 00-24: 00, which corresponds to a period of time in which the electrical load is in the valley period. Due to the limitation of the minimum output value and the adjusting capacity of the thermal power generating unit, the independently operated power system must ensure the safe operation of the system through wind abandoning. Under the condition that wind power is sufficient, the multifunctional coupling operation mode of the scene 2 can convert redundant wind power into natural gas by means of the electric gas conversion equipment, and the natural gas is injected into the gas supply load demand of the gas network, so that down-regulation flexibility is provided for power system scheduling, and the wind power utilization rate is improved. In the time period with low day wind power output, most wind power can be absorbed by the system, and the load demand is mainly satisfied by the output of the thermal power generating unit. Furthermore, as shown in fig. 4 (b), the multi-energy coupling operation may utilize the electric energy generated by the cogeneration unit, thereby reducing the regulation range and the climbing demand of the thermal power unit.
In the multi-energy coupling system, the CHP unit and the electrical conversion device are matched to realize bidirectional conversion of energy, as shown in (c) of fig. 4. The data comparison of table 2 and table 3 can obtain that compared with the independent operation of the power system, the multi-energy coupling operation mode can effectively reduce the power generation cost of the system, increase the wind power consumption, improve the economic benefit of the operation of the system, and has better economical efficiency and flexibility.
Because the actual output of the wind power has uncertainty, the range of the adjustable capacity of the system can be quantized by adopting the flexibility index, so that the capability of the system for coping with wind power fluctuation is measured. The system adjustable capacity size for scenario 1 and scenario 2 is shown in fig. 5. It can be seen from the comparison of the results that the multi-energy coupling operation can provide greater flexibility and better cope with the fluctuation of wind power. Furthermore, the turndown flexibility provided by multi-energy coupling is mainly concentrated during the daytime due to the limitations of maximum allowable conversion energy and thermal load.
S4.2: impact of energy storage devices on system flexibility
In order to analyze the influence of energy storage on the operation flexibility of the multi-energy coupling system, the pair of charging and discharging conditions of the electrical energy storage and the wind power consumption of the scene 2 and the scene 3 is shown in fig. 6.
The energy storage device can store the residual electric energy when the wind power is sufficient, and releases the electric energy at the time interval when the load is high and the wind power is low in the daytime, so that the wind power is transferred and utilized in time, the wind abandon is reduced, and the flexibility is provided for the operation of the multi-energy coupling system. From the economic point of view analysis, the use of the energy storage equipment can utilize more wind power, and the fuel cost of system operation is reduced. Considering the characteristics of capacity limitation and high charging and discharging speed of the energy storage device, the down-regulation flexibility provided by the energy storage device is mainly concentrated in daytime, as shown in fig. 7, because the system load is low, the electric energy is excessive, and the electric energy storage device is in a full-load state basically due to quick charging in the wind power peak period, and cannot provide additional down-regulation flexibility.
S4.3: impact of thermal energy storage on system flexibility
In order to research a method for expanding the operation flexibility of the system, a thermal energy storage device is introduced into the multi-energy coupling system, and the influence of the combined operation of the thermal energy storage device and the cogeneration unit (scenario 4) on the system flexibility is shown in fig. 8.
Under the condition that the heat load is not changed, when the demand of the power system is high, the heat storage equipment improves the electric output of the cogeneration unit by increasing the heat storage quantity, and relaxes the constraint of fixing the electricity with heat. On the contrary, when the heat output of the cogeneration unit is limited by the electricity output, the heat storage equipment compensates for the insufficient heat supply by releasing heat. The coordination of the cogeneration unit and the heat storage is beneficial to breaking the limitation of using heat to fix power and using electricity to fix heat, and can provide more sufficient flexibility for the multi-energy coupling system. The data in tables 2 and 3 prove that the operation mode can improve the wind power consumption and save the fuel cost of system operation.
S4.4: effect of demand response on System flexibility
As shown in fig. 9, the change of the electrical load after considering the demand response is influenced by the peak-valley electricity price and the wind abandon penalty, and part of the gas load can be replaced by the electrical load through the energy conversion equipment at a higher wind power period, so that the wind power is utilized more to meet the load demand. In the time period of low wind power and high load, the gas power generation is equivalent to converting a part of electric load into gas load, the running cost of the system is reduced by using the price difference of fuel, and the running economy of the system is improved. And the demand response strategy comprehensively considers the benefits of an energy supply party and a user party and determines the operation mode with the optimal system economy.
S4.5: impact of scheduling timescale on system flexibility
Table 4: operation of the system at different time scales
In order to analyze the influence of the scheduling time scale on the flexibility of the system, the scheduling time of the scenario 6 is set to 15min, and the operation result of the multi-energy coupling system is shown in table 4. As can be seen from the data in the table, the shorter the scheduling time scale is, the more obvious the flexibility advantage of the system is, and the flexibility provided by the energy storage is mainly reflected. The electric energy storage equipment has the characteristic of high charging and discharging speed, and can respond to the change of wind power output in a short time. Under a longer scheduling period, due to the limitation of the capacity of the energy storage device and the error of the wind power prediction under a long time scale, the effect of the electric energy storage device on providing flexibility under the long time scale to cope with the wind power uncertainty is not obvious.
The embodiment provides a corresponding flexibility quantization index to measure the schedulable flexibility of the multi-energy coupled power system based on the analysis of various flexibility resource characteristics, and is mainly embodied in that the system can absorb the capacity of wind power. Research shows that under the condition of considering a multi-energy coupling operation mode, the power system can improve the wind power consumption and the economic benefit by adjusting an operation strategy and utilizing the scheduling margin of other energy systems. The coordination of different flexibility resources can effectively improve the flexibility of the system. In addition, the charging and discharging characteristics of the energy storage device are more suitable for processing the fluctuation of wind power in a short time scale. In contrast, energy storage devices do not significantly contribute to providing flexibility in day-ahead scheduling due to capacity limitations.
The power system flexibility evaluation system can reflect the change of system flexibility in different scheduling periods, quantize the change range of the system schedulable flexibility total amount, and provide guidance for scheduling and planning of the power system and related flexibility resources. By coordinating the different methods, the ultimate goal is to maximize the combined benefits of flexibility and economy.
Example 2:
an embodiment 2 of the present disclosure provides an electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility evaluation system considering a multi-energy coupling effect, including:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring parameter data of an electric-gas-thermal system;
an index acquisition module configured to: obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data;
an average flexibility indicator acquisition module configured to: averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system;
a wind power capability assessment module configured to: and evaluating the capability of electric-gas-thermal response wind power change according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index.
The working method of the system is the same as the method for evaluating the flexibility of the electric-gas-thermal system considering the influence of the multipotential coupling provided in the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted here.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps in the electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method considering the influence of multi-energy coupling as described in the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Example 4:
the embodiment 4 of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the program to implement the steps in the method for evaluating flexibility of an electrical-pneumatic-thermal system considering multi-energy coupling effect according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. An electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring parameter data of an electric-gas-thermal system;
obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data;
averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system;
and evaluating the capability of electric-gas-thermal response wind power change according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index.
2. The electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling of claim 1, wherein:
the system up-regulation flexibility index is the sum of the thermal power generating unit up-regulation flexibility index, the energy storage down-regulation flexibility index, the cogeneration unit up-regulation flexibility index and the electricity-to-gas down-regulation flexibility index.
3. The electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling of claim 2, wherein:
obtaining the up-regulation flexibility of the current thermal power generating unit according to the maximum output power of the current unit, the output power of the unit at the current moment, the maximum upward climbing rate of the unit, the time interval between two observation points, the output powers of all the units at the current moment and the output powers of all the units at the previous moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
obtaining the energy storage down regulation flexibility of the current energy storage equipment according to the energy storage capacity used by the current unit at the current moment, the maximum discharge power of the current energy storage equipment, the discharge energy conversion efficiency of the current energy storage equipment, the time interval between two observation points, the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the current moment and the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the previous moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index of the cogeneration unit according to the maximum power limit of the current CHP unit, the electric quantity generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment, the reduction of the power generation corresponding to the increase of the heat of a production unit under the condition of consuming the same natural gas, the heat generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment and the allowable change power value of a certain node in the power system at the current moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
obtaining a down-regulation flexibility index of the electric gas conversion equipment according to the output power of the current electric gas conversion unit at the current moment and the minimum output power of the current electric gas conversion equipment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the demand response up-regulation flexibility index is equal to zero when the increase of the electrical load caused by the demand response is less than or equal to zero, and the demand response up-regulation flexibility index is the increase of the electrical load when the increase of the electrical load caused by the demand response is greater than zero.
4. The electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling of claim 1, wherein:
the system down-regulation flexibility index is the sum of a thermal power generating unit down-regulation flexibility index, an energy storage up-regulation flexibility index, a cogeneration unit down-regulation flexibility index and an electric-to-gas equipment up-regulation flexibility index.
5. An electro-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling according to claim 4, characterized by:
obtaining the down-regulation flexibility of the current thermal power generating unit according to the output power of the current unit, the minimum output power of the current unit, the maximum downward slope climbing rate of the current unit at the current moment, the time interval between two observation points, the output powers of all the units at the current moment and the output powers of all the units at the previous moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
obtaining the energy storage up-regulation flexibility of the current energy storage equipment according to the maximum capacity of the current energy storage equipment, the energy storage capacity used by the current energy storage equipment at the current moment, the maximum charging power of the current energy storage equipment, the charging energy conversion efficiency of the current energy storage equipment, the time interval between two observation points, the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the current moment and the energy storage capacity used by all the units at the previous moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
obtaining the down-regulation flexibility index of the cogeneration unit according to the minimum power limit of the current CHP unit for generating power, the electric quantity generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment, the heat generated by the current CHP unit at the current moment and the change of the power value allowed by a certain node in the power system at the current moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index of the electric gas conversion equipment according to the maximum output power of the current electric gas conversion equipment, the output power of the current electric gas conversion unit at the current moment, the gas load at the current moment and the electric load at the current moment;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the demand response turndown flexibility indicator is equal to zero when the increase in the electrical load caused by the demand response is greater than zero, and the demand response turndown flexibility indicator is the amount of reduction in the electrical load when the increase in the electrical load caused by the demand response is less than or equal to zero.
6. The electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling of claim 1, wherein:
and performing optimal control on the electricity-gas-heat system by taking the minimum value of the sum of the fuel cost, the natural gas cost and the wind abandonment penalty cost of the thermal power generating unit as a target.
7. An electro-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment method taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling according to claim 6, characterized by:
the power system model of the electricity-gas-heat system comprises node power balance constraint, generator set output upper and lower limit constraint, transmission line transmission capacity constraint, unit climbing rate constraint, energy storage equipment energy balance constraint, charge and discharge power constraint, energy storage equipment maximum capacity constraint, energy storage period balance constraint and charge and discharge relation constraint;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the natural gas system model of the electric-gas-thermal system comprises natural gas node flow balance constraint, natural gas source output constraint, node air pressure constraint and natural gas transmission capacity constraint;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the thermodynamic system model of the electric-gas-heat system comprises heat flow balance and transmission capacity limit of a thermodynamic pipe network;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and constructing an energy conversion equipment model of the electricity-gas-heat system according to the two energy conversion equipment of the cogeneration unit and the electricity-to-gas unit.
8. An electrical-gas-thermal system flexibility assessment system that accounts for multi-energy coupling effects, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring parameter data of an electric-gas-thermal system;
an index acquisition module configured to: obtaining an up-regulation flexibility index and a down-regulation flexibility index of different observation time points according to the obtained parameter data;
an average flexibility indicator acquisition module configured to: averaging the up-regulation flexibility index and the down-regulation flexibility index in a dispatching period to obtain an average flexibility index of the electric-gas-heat system;
a wind power capability assessment module configured to: and evaluating the capability of electric-gas-thermal response wind power change according to the obtained flexibility indexes of different observation time points and the average flexibility evaluation index.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method for electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for electrical-pneumatic-thermal system flexibility assessment taking into account the effects of multipotential coupling according to any one of claims 1-7 when executing the program.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113988694A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-28 | 国网天津市电力公司 | Urban power grid comprehensive evaluation method under weak connection high-proportion new energy access |
| CN116911695A (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2023-10-20 | 北京工业大学 | Flexible resource adequacy evaluation method and device |
| CN116911695B (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2023-12-01 | 北京工业大学 | Flexible resource adequacy evaluation method and device |
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