CN110705804A - Multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering multi-type heat pumps - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering various types of heat pumps, and a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching model is established according to the characteristics of the heat pumps of different types; from the perspective of efficiency and benefit, the multi-energy microgrid evaluation indexes in four aspects of energy conservation, flexibility, economy and environmental protection are provided. And evaluating the multi-energy micro-grid multi-energy complementation implementation effect with different types of heat pumps by using the evaluation index system. The heat pump is added, so that the energy saving performance, flexibility, economy and environmental protection performance of the operation of the multi-energy microgrid can be effectively improved. The high-efficiency heat pump can enable the effect of multi-energy complementary implementation in the multi-energy microgrid to be better overall. The invention fully explores the characteristics of the multi-energy micro-grid considering the multi-type heat pump, and has certain reference value and guiding significance for the operation evaluation of the future access of various novel devices to the multi-energy micro-grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-energy micro-grid evaluation, and particularly relates to a multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering multi-type heat pumps.
Background
The multifunctional microgrid is a novel energy supply system integrating multiple energy sources and is an important component of the town energy Internet. Compared with the traditional microgrid, the multifunctional microgrid comprises various energy sources such as electricity, heat, cold, gas, hydrogen and the like. The energy conversion device in the multi-energy micro-grid can realize interconnection of various energy sources, so that the system reliability and the energy utilization efficiency are improved, and the energy conversion device has very important value for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
In order to adapt to the new trend of energy development, the national power grid is gradually changed into an integrated energy service provider. The comprehensive energy service is a novel energy service which is suitable for diversification of energy production and consumption of terminal users, and covers energy planning design, engineering investment construction, multi-energy operation service, investment and financing service and the like. The multifunctional microgrid is used as an energy terminal and is a physical main body for implementing comprehensive energy services. Research on the multi-energy microgrid is beneficial to the development of comprehensive energy services.
However, currently, related research on the evaluation of the pluripotent microgrid is still less, and particularly, an evaluation index system for measuring the performance of the pluripotent microgrid is not established. The quantitative evaluation index can better realize comparison among the multi-energy micro-grids and can discover the influence of various factors on the implementation effect of the multi-energy micro-grids. The efficiency and benefit evaluation method for the multi-energy microgrid can effectively promote the development of the multi-energy microgrid and help the comprehensive energy service provider to provide higher-quality comprehensive energy service for customers.
Heat pumps can be divided into three types according to different low temperature heat sources:
1) the water source heat pump utilizes low-grade heat energy resources formed by solar energy and geothermal energy absorbed by underground water, rivers and lakes. Compared with soil and air, water has the highest specific heat capacity and the best heat transfer performance, so the water source heat pump has the highest heat efficiency. However, water source heat pumps also have some disadvantages. On one hand, the geographical position of the water source heat pump is relatively limited and the water source heat pump must be installed nearby a water source; on the other hand, the water source heat pump has higher requirements on the used water source, and the utilization cost of different water sources is greatly different.
2) The ground source heat pump mainly utilizes solar energy and geothermal energy absorbed by soil to form low-grade heat energy resources. The specific heat capacity of the soil is between that of water and air, and the thermal efficiency of the ground source heat pump is between that of the soil source heat pump and that of the soil source heat pump. Compared with a ground source heat pump, the installation position of the ground source heat pump is more flexible, but the ground source heat pump has high ground requirement similar to the ground source heat pump. Furthermore, the cost of the ground source heat pump is relatively high because the ground source heat pump requires a well to be dug underground.
3) Air-source heat pumps use the energy in the air to generate heat energy. Since the specific heat capacity of air is the smallest, the thermal efficiency of the air source heat pump is the lowest compared to the water source heat pump and the ground source heat pump. The biggest problem of the air source heat pump is that the outdoor air temperature has great influence on the operation efficiency. The main advantage of the air source heat pump is the lower investment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a multi-energy microgrid efficiency and benefit evaluation method considering various types of heat pumps, and to evaluate the multi-energy microgrid multi-energy complementation implementation effect of various types of heat pumps from four dimensions of energy conservation, flexibility, economy and environmental protection.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering multi-type heat pumps comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining system historical data, obtaining equipment states and information from the multi-energy microgrid through a remote communication system, and performing load prediction and new energy output prediction;
s2, aiming at the characteristics of different types of heat pumps, optimizing the multi-energy micro-grid with consideration of the multi-type heat pumps in the maximum economic benefit, and establishing a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching model objective function with consideration of the multi-type heat pumps;
s3, establishing a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching constraint condition considering the multi-type heat pump;
s4, solving the function model established in the step S2 to obtain a starting, stopping and output scheme of each device of the multi-energy microgrid, a power and gas purchasing scheme of the multi-energy microgrid from an external energy network and economic benefits of the multi-energy microgrid;
and S5, from the perspective of efficiency and benefit, taking four dimensions of energy conservation, flexibility, economy and environmental protection as evaluation indexes, calculating corresponding evaluation indexes according to the result obtained in the step S4, and determining the efficiency and benefit evaluation method of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump.
Specifically, in step S2, the objective of the multi-energy microgrid day-ahead scheduling model is to minimize the total cost minCtotalIncluding the electric energy and natural gas cost, specifically do:
wherein, cDN(t) and cGN(t) electrical energy costs and natural gas costs, respectively; pe(t) and Pg(t) represents power purchased from the distribution grid and the natural gas network, respectively.
Further, the output thermal power of the heat pump is a linear function of the input electric power, and specifically comprises:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
andthermal power and input power for the heat pump at time period t;
the heat supply efficiency of the heat pump;
the heat pump output constraints are:
wherein u isHP(t) represents the operating state of the heat pump during time period t;
and
respectively the minimum and maximum heating power of the heat pump.
Specifically, in step S3, the constraint conditions include:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out multi-energy power balance constraint, wherein in the whole multi-energy micro-grid scheduling process, the supply and the demand of various energy sources including electricity, heat and natural gas should be kept balanced;
photovoltaic output is restricted, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is influenced by the illumination intensity; when the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is too high, the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is allowed to be reduced;
the combined heat and power system is restricted, and the combined heat and power system generates electricity and supplies heat simultaneously;
the gas boiler is used for restraining, and the gas boiler injects the heat energy generated by the natural gas into the multi-energy micro-grid;
the energy storage system is restricted, and the working state of the energy storage system comprises energy charging, energy discharging and standing;
and (4) external energy network constraint, and the energy purchase from an external power grid and an external gas grid does not exceed the limit of the pipeline.
Further, the multi-energy power balance constraint is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the photovoltaic power generation power is injected into the multi-energy microgrid within a time period t;
and
respectively outputting electric power and heat in the time period t by the combined heat and power systemPower and input gas power:
and
respectively outputting thermal power and inputting gas power of the gas boiler in a time period t;and
the net power of the energy storage battery, the heat storage device and the gas storage device which are injected into the multi-energy micro-grid respectively; l ise(t),Lh(t) and Lg(t) electrical, thermal and gas loads at time t, respectively;
the photovoltaic output constraints are:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a predicted value of the photovoltaic output power for a time period t;
the combined heat and power system is restricted as follows:
wherein u isCHP(t) represents the working state of the cogeneration system in a time period t;
and
respectively the minimum and maximum electric power of the cogeneration system;
the gas boiler is constrained as follows:
wherein u isGB(t) is a variable of 0 to 1, which is the operating state of the gas boiler for a time period t;and
respectively the minimum and maximum heating power of the gas boiler;
the energy storage system is constrained as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
andcharging and discharging power of the energy storage system, respectively;and
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power of the energy storage system are respectively;and
is a variable from 0 to 1, and is,
is 1 and
when the voltage is 0, the energy storage system is in a discharge state,
is 0 and
the energy storage system is in a charging state in 1 minute,and
when the values are all 0, the energy storage system is in a standing state;
the external energy network constraints are:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
the maximum power purchased from the external power grid and the external gas grid, respectively.
Specifically, in step S5, the energy saving performance means that the energy loss of the multi-energy microgrid is as small as possible during the energy transmission and conversion process, and more energy is utilized by the user;
flexibility is reflected in renewable energy utilization;
economics is measured in terms of total cost and unit energy cost;
the carbon emission is considered in the environmental protection property, and the direct carbon emission and the indirect carbon emission are adopted for representing.
Further, the energy utilization efficiency is the ratio of the energy that the user can effectively utilize to the energy injected into the multi-energy microgrid, and is expressed as:
further, the renewable energy utilization is expressed as:
further, the total cost is expressed as:
the unit energy consumption cost reflects the cost of using various energy sources by a user, is divided into unit electricity consumption cost, unit heat consumption cost and unit gas consumption cost, and is expressed as follows:
wherein, Ce,ChAnd CgRespectively unit electricity cost, unit heat cost and unit gas cost;
and
respectively represent electric power sum converted from proportional relation of cogeneration systemThermal power, expressed as:
further, the direct carbon emission is the carbon emission generated by the multi-energy microgrid during energy transmission and conversion, and is expressed as:
wherein epsilongIs the carbon emission coefficient of natural gas consumption;
indirect carbon emissions are carbon emissions produced during production of energy purchased from an external energy network and are expressed as:
wherein epsiloneIs the carbon emission coefficient of electricity production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering multi-type heat pumps, which establishes a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead scheduling model considering the multi-type heat pumps, provides corresponding evaluation indexes from four dimensions of energy conservation, flexibility, economy and environmental protection, and shows an example analysis result that an index system can comprehensively evaluate and consider the multi-energy micro-grid multi-energy complementary implementation effect of the multi-type heat pumps from multiple dimensions, so as to measure the influence of different types of heat pumps on the operation of the multi-energy micro-grid. The result shows that the provided evaluation index system can comprehensively balance the performance of the multi-energy microgrid, the multi-type heat pump has great potential for improving the performance of the multi-energy microgrid and can bring multiple improvements in efficiency and benefits to the multi-energy microgrid.
Further, the purpose of the day-ahead scheduling model of the multi-energy microgrid is to minimize the total operation cost of the multi-energy microgrid, wherein the operation cost mainly comprises electricity purchase cost and gas purchase cost. The dispatching model of the heat pump mainly considers the input-output relationship and the upper and lower output limit constraints. The objective function of the multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching model of the multi-type heat pump is considered, the internal requirements of the multi-energy micro-grid operation dispatching are embodied, and the capacity characteristics of the heat pumps of different types are fully embodied.
Furthermore, the constraints of the day-ahead scheduling model of the multi-energy microgrid mainly comprise multi-energy power balance constraint, photovoltaic output constraint, combined heat and power system constraint, gas boiler constraint, energy storage system constraint and external energy network constraint. The constraint conditions of the multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic scheduling model of the multi-type heat pump are considered, the physical relations of the whole system, the internal elements and the external network of the multi-energy micro-grid are comprehensively reflected, and the operation scheduling characteristics of the multi-energy micro-grid are deeply reflected.
Further, the core advantages of the multi-energy microgrid are mainly reflected in two aspects of efficiency and benefit, the benefit is mainly reflected on the economic characteristics of the multi-energy microgrid, and the efficiency is mainly reflected on the technical performance of the multi-energy microgrid. Efficiency and benefit are divided, the benefit can be represented by two dimensions of economy and environmental protection, and the efficiency can be represented by two dimensions of energy conservation and flexibility. Therefore, the energy saving performance, the flexibility, the economy and the environmental protection performance can fully reflect the economic and technical characteristics of the multi-energy microgrid from multiple dimensions, and the operation of the multi-energy microgrid can be effectively evaluated and analyzed.
Further, energy conservation mainly means that the energy consumption of the multi-energy microgrid operation should be reduced as much as possible, and the energy consumption relates to the processes of energy production, transportation, conversion, consumption and the like. In other words, the energy saving performance is to satisfy more load demands than before with the same amount of energy consumed. Energy conservation is mainly measured by energy utilization efficiency indexes. The energy conservation reflects the characteristic of cascade utilization of the energy of the multi-energy microgrid and reflects the promotion effect of the heat pump on the technical performance of the multi-energy microgrid.
Further, flexibility mainly means that the operation of the multifunctional microgrid should have a certain flexible regulation capability. Specifically, the flexibility can be mainly divided into power supply flexibility, energy conversion device flexibility, energy storage system flexibility, load flexibility, and the like. Flexibility is mainly measured by renewable energy utilization index. The flexibility reflects the characteristics of multiple energy supply channels of the multi-energy microgrid and embodies the advantage of multi-energy complementation of the multi-energy microgrid.
Further, economy mainly means that the cost and the expenditure for operating the multipotent microgrid due to the processes of energy production, transportation, conversion, consumption and the like should be as low as possible. The economy is mainly measured by the total cost and the unit energy cost. The economy is the primary characteristic of the operation and scheduling of the multi-energy microgrid, and the core advantages of the multi-energy microgrid compared with the traditional microgrid are reflected.
Furthermore, the environmental protection mainly means that the influence of the operation of the multi-energy microgrid on the environment is as small as possible. That is, environmental protection requires that the multipotent microgrid emit as little emissions as possible, such as greenhouse gases, which adversely affect the environment during operation. Environmental protection is mainly measured by the indexes of direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission. Environmental protection is one of the most concerned characteristics of future energy systems, and reflects the influence of energy supply on the environment.
In summary, the invention provides a multi-energy microgrid efficiency and benefit evaluation method considering various types of heat pumps, the method is based on the day-ahead scheduling of the multi-energy microgrid, and from the aspects of efficiency and benefit, provides multi-energy microgrid evaluation indexes with four dimensions of energy saving, flexibility, economy and environmental protection, and evaluates the multi-energy microgrid multi-energy complementation implementation effect of the heat pumps of different types by using the evaluation index system.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic structure of a multi-energy microgrid considering a multi-type heat pump;
fig. 2 shows the electric power result of the day-ahead scheduling of the multi-energy microgrid in the second scene;
fig. 3 shows a thermal power result of day-ahead scheduling of the multi-functional microgrid in the second scenario;
fig. 4 is a gas power result of day-ahead scheduling of the multi-energy microgrid in a scene two;
fig. 5 shows the evaluation results of the energy saving performance and flexibility of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump;
fig. 6 shows the evaluation result of the economy and the environmental protection of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering various types of heat pumps, and a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching model is established according to the characteristics of the heat pumps of different types. From the perspective of efficiency and benefit, the evaluation indexes of the multi-energy micro-grid with four dimensions of energy conservation, flexibility, economy and environmental protection are provided, and the multi-energy complementary implementation effect of the multi-energy micro-grid with the heat pumps of different types is evaluated by utilizing the evaluation index system.
The invention discloses a multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering multi-type heat pumps, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, obtaining system historical data from related departments, obtaining equipment states and information from a user side through a remote communication system, and performing load prediction and new energy output prediction based on an advanced prediction technology;
when the model provided by the invention is applied, required data needs to be acquired from related departments at first. The input data of the calculation model obtained from the related department comprises the following data, the system historical data is obtained from the related department, the equipment state and information are obtained from the user side through a remote communication system, and the load prediction and the new energy output prediction are carried out based on the advanced prediction technology.
S2, aiming at the characteristics of different types of heat pumps, optimizing the multi-energy micro-grid with consideration of the multi-type heat pumps in the maximum economic benefit, and establishing a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching model objective function with consideration of the multi-type heat pumps;
1) the heat pump is regarded as an electric-heat conversion element with electric energy as input and heat energy as output, and the output heat power can be approximated as a linear function of the input electric power and can be expressed as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
the thermal power and the input power of the heat pump during the time period t;
the heat supply efficiency of the heat pump.
The heat pump output constraints are:
wherein u isHP(t) represents the working state of the heat pump in the time period t, and is a variable of 0-1;
and
respectively the minimum and maximum heating power of the heat pump.
2) The goal of the multi-energy microgrid day-ahead scheduling model is to minimize the total costs, including electrical and natural gas costs, which can be expressed as:
wherein, cDN(t) and cGN(t) electric energy cost and day, respectivelyCost of natural gas; pe(t) and Pg(t) represents power purchased from the distribution grid and the natural gas network, respectively.
S3, establishing a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching constraint condition considering the multi-type heat pump;
constraints include multi-energy power balance constraints, photovoltaic output constraints, cogeneration system constraints, gas boiler constraints, energy storage system constraints, and external energy network constraints.
1) The multi-energy power balance constraint means that the supply and demand of various energy sources including electricity, heat and natural gas should be balanced in the whole multi-energy microgrid scheduling process, and is specifically expressed as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the photovoltaic power generation power is injected into the multi-energy microgrid within a time period t;
and
respectively outputting electric power, thermal power and gas power of the combined heat and power system in a time period t:
and
respectively outputting thermal power and inputting gas power of the gas boiler in a time period t;and
energy storage battery and energy storage device respectively injected into multi-energy micro-gridNet power of the thermal device and the gas storage device; l ise(t),Lh(t) and Lg(t) are the electrical, thermal and gas load, respectively, over time period t.
2) The photovoltaic output is restricted, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is mainly influenced by the illumination intensity and is difficult to control. When the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is too high, the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel can be allowed to be reduced so as to ensure the safety of the multifunctional microgrid, and the safety is specifically expressed as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a predicted value of the photovoltaic output power for the time period t.
3) The cogeneration system, which can simultaneously generate and supply heat, is constrained by a cogeneration system whose output and input are expressed as a relationship
Wherein:
and
respectively representing the electrical and heating efficiencies of the cogeneration system.
At the same time the cogeneration system should also meet output constraints, denoted as
Wherein u isCHP(t) a cogeneration systemThe working state of the time period t is a variable from 0 to 1;
and
respectively, the minimum and maximum electrical power of the cogeneration system.
4) The gas boiler is restricted, and the gas boiler can inject the heat energy generated by the natural gas into the multi-energy micro-grid; the heating power of the gas boiler is represented as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the heat supply efficiency of the gas boiler.
The output of the gas boiler should be limited to a range, denoted as
Wherein u isGB(t) is a variable of 0 to 1, which is the operating state of the gas boiler for a time period t;
and
respectively the minimum and maximum heating power of the gas boiler.
5) The energy storage system is restricted, and has three typical working states, namely energy charging, energy discharging and standing; the power constraint of the energy storage system is expressed as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
andcharging and discharging power of the energy storage system, respectively;
and
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power of the energy storage system are respectively;
and
is a variable from 0 to 1, and is,
is 1 and
when the voltage is 0, the energy storage system is in a discharge state,is 0 and
the energy storage system is in a charging state in 1 minute,
and
and when the values are all 0, the energy storage system is in a standing state.
The energy storage system cannot operate under both charging and discharging conditions, and is represented as:
the energy state of the energy storage system should be within a certain range, expressed as:
wherein E ise(t) is the energy state of the energy storage system for a time period t;
and
respectively, a minimum and a maximum energy state of the energy storage system.
The energy state of the energy storage system is related to the previous state and the charge-discharge efficiency, and is represented as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
andthe charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system is improved; Δ T is the time interval.
In order to ensure the continuous operation of the energy storage system, the energy of the energy storage system should be balanced in a complete scheduling period, which is expressed as:
Ee(0)＝Ee(T)
wherein E ise(0) Is the initial energy state of the energy storage system; ee(T) represents the energy state of the energy storage system over a time period T.
The net power of the energy storage system per time period is expressed as:
6) external energy network constraints, from which external grid and external gas network purchases should not exceed their pipeline limits, are expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
the maximum power purchased from the external power grid and the external gas grid, respectively.
S4, solving the function model established in the step S2, and determining a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead scheduling scheme considering the multi-type heat pump.
The optimization result comprises the following steps:
1. starting and stopping and outputting schemes of all equipment of the multi-energy microgrid;
2. the multi-energy microgrid is a scheme for purchasing electricity and gas from an external energy network;
3. economic benefits of the multi-energy microgrid;
and S5, from the perspective of efficiency and benefit, providing evaluation indexes of four dimensions of energy saving, flexibility, economy and environmental protection, calculating corresponding evaluation indexes according to the result obtained in the step S4, and determining the efficiency and benefit evaluation method of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump.
1) The energy conservation refers to that the energy loss of the multi-energy microgrid is as small as possible in the process of energy transmission and conversion, and more energy is utilized by users. And for the multi-energy microgrid, an energy utilization efficiency index is provided to embody the energy conservation. The energy utilization efficiency is the ratio of the energy that the user can effectively utilize to the energy injected into the multi-energy microgrid, and is expressed as:
2) the flexibility is mainly embodied in various ways of realizing the efficient utilization of energy. With the development of renewable energy sources, the abandonment of renewable energy sources has become a serious problem. A more flexible energy system means that there are more ways to consume renewable energy. Therefore, the renewable energy utilization rate is a key index for measuring the flexibility of the multi-energy microgrid, and is expressed as follows:
3) economics can be measured primarily in terms of total cost and energy cost per unit.
The total cost can well reflect the overall economic benefit of the operation of the multi-energy microgrid and is expressed as follows:
the unit energy consumption cost can reflect the cost of using various energy sources by a user, and can be divided into unit electricity consumption cost, unit heat consumption cost and unit gas consumption cost, which are expressed as:
wherein, Ce,ChAnd CgRespectively unit electricity cost, unit heat cost and unit gas cost;
andrespectively represent electric power and thermal power converted from the proportional relationship of the cogeneration system, and are expressed as:
4) the environmental protection property mainly considers carbon emission, and is characterized by direct carbon emission and indirect carbon emission.
The direct carbon emission refers to the carbon emission generated by the multi-energy microgrid in the energy transmission and conversion processes, and is expressed as:
wherein epsilongIs the carbon emission coefficient of natural gas consumption.
Indirect carbon emissions refer to the amount of carbon emissions produced during production of energy purchased from an external energy network and are expressed as:
wherein epsiloneIs the carbon emission coefficient of electricity production.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the multi-energy microgrid includes a renewable energy power generation element, an energy conversion element and an energy storage system element. In the present engineering example, the renewable energy power generation element is photovoltaic power generation; the energy conversion element comprises a heat pump, a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system and a gas boiler; the energy storage system element comprises electricity storage, heat storage and gas storage.
The photovoltaic power generation output reaches a peak value in the noon, and the photovoltaic power generation output does not occur at night.
The maximum power and the minimum power of the water source heat pump are respectively 100kW and 20kW, and the efficiency is 5.0;
the maximum power and the minimum power of the ground source heat pump are respectively 100kW and 20kW, and the efficiency is 4.0;
the maximum power and the minimum power of the air heat pump are respectively 100kW and 20kW, and the efficiency is 3.0;
the maximum power and the minimum power of the combined heat and power system are respectively 200kW and 20kW, and the efficiency is respectively 0.3 and 0.4 at the maximum power and the minimum power;
the maximum power and the minimum power of the gas-fired boiler are respectively 100kW and 0kW, and the efficiency is 0.9;
the maximum electric storage capacity, the minimum electric storage capacity, the maximum charge-discharge power and the charge-discharge efficiency of the battery energy storage are respectively 100kWh, 30kWh, 40kW and 0.85;
the maximum heat storage quantity, the minimum heat storage quantity, the maximum heat charge and discharge power and the heat charge and discharge efficiency of the heat storage device are respectively 300kWh, 90kWh, 40kW and 0.90;
the maximum gas storage amount, the minimum gas storage amount, the maximum gas charging and discharging power and the gas charging and discharging efficiency of the gas storage device are 582kWh, 0kWh, 145.5kW and 0.95 respectively;
in order to test the influence of different types of heat pumps on the multi-energy complementary implementation effect of the multi-energy microgrid, reasonable suggestions are provided for example planning construction and equipment configuration, and four typical scenes are set for comparison and analysis respectively:
scene one: the multifunctional micro-grid does not contain a heat pump;
scene two: a water-containing source heat pump in the multi-energy microgrid;
scene three: the multifunctional micro-grid comprises a ground source heat pump;
scene four: the multi-energy microgrid comprises an air source heat pump.
Referring to fig. 2, through steps S2 to S4, the electric power result scheduled by the multi-energy microgrid day ahead can be obtained. Taking the scenario two as an example for analysis, the power load is mainly satisfied by electric energy purchased from a power distribution network and electric energy generated by a cogeneration system and a photovoltaic panel. Due to the fact that the photovoltaic installed capacity of the multi-energy microgrid is large, photovoltaic power may be abandoned at noon. When the electricity price is too high, such as 12-17, the power load is mainly satisfied by the electric energy generated by the cogeneration system and the photovoltaic panel, because the electricity generated by the cogeneration system is cheaper than the electricity purchased from the power distribution network, and the photovoltaic output is also sufficient. At night, the power load is high, photovoltaic power generation is not output, and the power load is mainly satisfied by electric energy purchased from a power distribution network and electric energy generated by a combined heat and power system.
Referring to fig. 3, through steps S2 to S4, a thermal power result of the day-ahead scheduling of the multi-functional microgrid can be obtained. And analyzing by taking the scene two as an example, when a heat pump is arranged in the multi-energy microgrid, the basic heat load in most of time periods is borne by the heat pump. However, during certain periods, such as 14-17, the heat load is satisfied by the heat generated by the cogeneration system because the electricity price is high and the heat load is low. The gas boiler mainly supplies heat in 3-7 hours, and the heat efficiency of the gas boiler is higher than that of a combined heat and power system because the power load is low. Heat storage is mainly responsible for peak clipping and valley filling of heat load. When the heat load is low, for example, 13-18 hours, the heat storage device stores the redundant heat energy. When the heat load is high, such as 3-7 hours, the heat storage device releases heat energy.
Referring to fig. 4, the gas power results of the day-ahead scheduling of the multi-energy microgrid can be obtained through steps S2 to S4. And analyzing by taking the scene two as an example, wherein the natural gas load of the multifunctional micro-grid is met by the natural gas purchased by the natural gas pipe network. In addition, natural gas is also used as a fuel for cogeneration systems and gas boilers, participating in heat and power supply.
Referring to fig. 5, in step S5, an evaluation index of the efficiency of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump may be obtained. The energy efficiency and the renewable energy consumption rate of the multi-energy micro-grid provided with the heat pump are greatly improved. The higher the heat supply efficiency of the heat pump is, the higher the energy efficiency of the multi-energy micro-grid is. However, the renewable energy consumption rate will decrease as the heating efficiency of the heat pump increases, because a heat pump with a lower heating efficiency will consume more electrical energy to produce the same thermal energy.
Referring to fig. 6, in step S5, a benefit evaluation index of the multi-energy microgrid considering multiple types of heat pumps may be obtained. The total cost of the multi-energy microgrid with the heat pump is greatly reduced, the total cost of the scene two is the lowest, and the unit energy consumption cost is also reduced. For the unit electricity cost, the heat pump is added so that the cogeneration system does not need to be operated at every time period, and thus, when the electricity price is low, the user can use more electricity purchased from the external power grid, thereby reducing the unit electricity cost. Because the heat pump efficiency is high, the unit heat cost is reduced. The unit gas cost is roughly constant because it is affected by the depletion of the stored natural gas and the operation of the storage is similar in all cases. The direct carbon emissions are primarily carbon emissions from natural gas in the energy conversion process. Because the heat pump replaces the heat energy output of a gas boiler and a combined heat and power system, the direct carbon emission is greatly reduced. However, the heat pump needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, resulting in an increase in electric energy purchased from the distribution grid, which means that indirect carbon emissions will increase.
In conclusion, the efficiency and the benefit of the multi-energy microgrid can be effectively improved by considering the multi-energy microgrid with the multi-type heat pump. Generally, the higher the efficiency of the heat pump, the better the overall effect of the multi-energy complementation implementation in the multi-energy microgrid. In the engineering example, the water source heat pump is preferably put into operation. For actual investment construction of engineering, the type of the heat pump is determined according to specific conditions, different types of heat pumps have different characteristics and are suitable for different scenes, and the method can be used for efficiency and benefit evaluation and calculation during specific selection and is used as a configuration basis and reference.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-energy micro-grid efficiency benefit evaluation method considering multi-type heat pumps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining system historical data, obtaining equipment states and information from the multi-energy microgrid through a remote communication system, and performing load prediction and new energy output prediction;
s2, aiming at the characteristics of different types of heat pumps, optimizing the multi-energy micro-grid with consideration of the multi-type heat pumps in the maximum economic benefit, and establishing a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching model objective function with consideration of the multi-type heat pumps;
s3, establishing a multi-energy micro-grid day-ahead economic dispatching constraint condition considering the multi-type heat pump;
s4, solving the function model established in the step S2 to obtain a starting, stopping and output scheme of each device of the multi-energy microgrid, a power and gas purchasing scheme of the multi-energy microgrid from an external energy network and economic benefits of the multi-energy microgrid;
and S5, from the perspective of efficiency and benefit, taking four dimensions of energy conservation, flexibility, economy and environmental protection as evaluation indexes, calculating corresponding evaluation indexes according to the result obtained in the step S4, determining the efficiency and benefit evaluation method of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump, and providing a reference basis for planning construction and equipment configuration of the multi-energy microgrid.
2. The method for efficiency and benefit evaluation of multi-energy microgrid considering multi-type heat pump in claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, the goal of the day-ahead scheduling model of multi-energy microgrid is to minimize the total cost minCtotalIncluding the electric energy and natural gas cost, specifically do:
wherein, cDN(t) and cGN(t) electrical energy costs and natural gas costs, respectively; pe(t) and Pg(t) represents power purchased from the distribution grid and the natural gas network, respectively.
3. The method for evaluating the efficiency and the benefit of the multi-energy microgrid considering multi-type heat pumps as claimed in claim 2, wherein the output thermal power of the heat pump is a linear function of the input electric power, and specifically comprises:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
thermal power and input power for the heat pump at time period t;the heat supply efficiency of the heat pump;
the heat pump output constraints are:
wherein u isHP(t) represents the operating state of the heat pump during time period t;and
respectively the minimum and maximum heating power of the heat pump.
4. The method for evaluating the efficiency and the benefit of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the constraint conditions include:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out multi-energy power balance constraint, wherein in the whole multi-energy micro-grid scheduling process, the supply and the demand of various energy sources including electricity, heat and natural gas should be kept balanced;
photovoltaic output is restricted, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is influenced by the illumination intensity; when the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is too high, the output power of the photovoltaic cell panel is allowed to be reduced;
the combined heat and power system is restricted, and the combined heat and power system generates electricity and supplies heat simultaneously;
the gas boiler is used for restraining, and the gas boiler injects the heat energy generated by the natural gas into the multi-energy micro-grid;
the energy storage system is restricted, and the working state of the energy storage system comprises energy charging, energy discharging and standing;
and (4) external energy network constraint, and the energy purchase from an external power grid and an external gas grid does not exceed the limit of the pipeline.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the multi-energy microgrid efficiency benefit assessment method considering multi-type heat pumps is characterized in that the multi-energy power balance constraint is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the photovoltaic power generation power is injected into the multi-energy microgrid within a time period t;
and
respectively, the combined heat and power system is in timeOutput electric power, output thermal power, and input gas power of the period t:
and
respectively outputting thermal power and inputting gas power of the gas boiler in a time period t;and
the net power of the energy storage battery, the heat storage device and the gas storage device which are injected into the multi-energy micro-grid respectively; l ise(t),Lh(t) and Lg(t) electrical, thermal and gas loads at time t, respectively;
the photovoltaic output constraints are:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a predicted value of the photovoltaic output power for a time period t;
the combined heat and power system is restricted as follows:
wherein u isCHP(t) represents the working state of the cogeneration system in a time period t;
and
are respectivelyMinimum and maximum electrical power for the cogeneration system;
the gas boiler is constrained as follows:
wherein u isGB(t) is a variable of 0 to 1, which is the operating state of the gas boiler for a time period t;and
respectively the minimum and maximum heating power of the gas boiler;
the energy storage system is constrained as follows:
wherein, Pe ch(t) and
charging and discharging power of the energy storage system, respectively;
and
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power of the energy storage system are respectively;
and
is a variable from 0 to 1, and is,
is 1 and
when the voltage is 0, the energy storage system is in a discharge state,
is 0 and
the energy storage system is in a charging state in 1 minute,
and
when the values are all 0, the energy storage system is in a standing state;
the external energy network constraints are:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
the maximum power purchased from the external power grid and the external gas grid, respectively.
6. The method for evaluating the efficiency and the benefit of the multi-energy microgrid considering the multi-type heat pump as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the energy saving performance means that the energy loss of the multi-energy microgrid is as small as possible during the energy transmission and conversion process, and more energy is utilized by the user;
flexibility is reflected in renewable energy utilization;
economics is measured in terms of total cost and unit energy cost;
the carbon emission is considered in the environmental protection property, and the direct carbon emission and the indirect carbon emission are adopted for representing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the efficiency of energy utilization is a ratio of energy available to a user to energy injected into the multi-energy microgrid, expressed as:
8. the method of claim 6, wherein the renewable energy utilization is expressed as:
9. the method for efficiency and benefit assessment of a multi-energy microgrid considering multi-type heat pumps according to claim 6, characterized in that the total cost is expressed as:
the unit energy consumption cost reflects the cost of using various energy sources by a user, is divided into unit electricity consumption cost, unit heat consumption cost and unit gas consumption cost, and is expressed as follows:
wherein, Ce,ChAnd CgRespectively unit electricity cost, unit heat cost and unit gas cost;
and
respectively represent electric power and thermal power converted from the proportional relationship of the cogeneration system, and are expressed as:
10. the method for efficiency and benefit evaluation of a multi-energy microgrid considering multi-type heat pumps as claimed in claim 6, wherein the direct carbon emission is the carbon emission generated by the multi-energy microgrid during energy transmission and conversion, and is expressed as:
wherein epsilongIs the carbon emission coefficient of natural gas consumption;
indirect carbon emissions are carbon emissions produced during production of energy purchased from an external energy network and are expressed as:
wherein epsiloneIs the carbon emission coefficient of electricity production.
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