CN113312686A - Vertical-face vertical greening arrangement method and system based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) environment numerical simulation - Google Patents
Vertical-face vertical greening arrangement method and system based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) environment numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical greening arrangement method and a vertical greening arrangement system based on CFD environment numerical simulation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located, and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software; adjusting the parameters of vertical greening plants on the target building and constructing a comparison model; simulating building microenvironment of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to a comparison model, and acquiring thermal comfort level indexes of peripheral pedestrian layers of the target building under different vertical greening layouts; and selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index. The invention is beneficial to creating suitable and comfortable building peripheral wind and heat environment, and can optimize the building peripheral wind and heat environment and reduce the building energy consumption by adjusting the vertical greening layout on the building elevation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a vertical greening arrangement method and a vertical greening arrangement system based on CFD environment numerical simulation.
Background
Along with social development, the urbanization process is accelerated, and under the current limited land resource condition, the traditional urban greening means is difficult to meet the requirement of urban development due to the practical constraint of land area and volume ratio. The high-density urban street compresses the growth space of ground greening, changes the condition of the underlying surface of the city and aggravates the heat island effect. However, in high-density blocks, a large growth area is provided for vertical greening due to the large surface area of high-rise buildings. The existing research shows that the vertical greening can reduce the direct solar radiation of the wall surface of a building through the shielding effect, thereby reducing the surface temperature of the building, and simultaneously, part of heat of solar radiation is converted into latent heat through the transpiration effect, so that the temperature close to the wall surface is reduced. The traditional vertical greening arrangement mode is relatively extensive and mainly takes full pavement, so that the building construction cost and the waste of plant ecological benefits are caused; meanwhile, outdoor calm wind district is sultry in summer, arranges too closely vertical greening at narrow street millet, can hinder the circulation of air, is unfavorable for the diffusion of pollutant and waste gas, influences pedestrian's layer wind-heat comfortable.
Thus, there is still a need for improvement and development of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optimal arrangement method and system for vertical greening of vertical surface based on CFD environmental numerical simulation, aiming at the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a vertical greening arrangement method of a vertical surface based on CFD environment numerical simulation, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located, and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software;
adjusting the parameters of vertical greening plants on the target building and constructing a comparison model;
simulating building microenvironments of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to the comparison model, and acquiring thermal comfort level indexes of peripheral pedestrian layers of the target building under different vertical greening layouts;
and selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index.
In one embodiment, the meteorological data comprises: and obtaining the typical air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and average wind speed of the local winter and summer according to the outdoor meteorological parameters of the area where the target building is located and local meteorological data.
In one embodiment, the building initial model building process includes:
establishing a calculation simulation area in the position area of the target building;
carrying out meshing division on the simulation area by adopting a hexahedral structural grid, and carrying out local grid encryption between the height of the building ground and the pedestrian activity area, which is 0 m-2 m;
setting boundary conditions according to the meteorological data of the simulation area;
in one embodiment, the simulation zone is sized such that the distance between the boundary of the simulation zone and the target building is greater than the maximum building height within the venue, and the simulation zone height is greater than 2 times the maximum building height within the venue.
In one embodiment, the vertical greening plant parameters include: leaf area density, leaf area index, arrangement distance, arrangement direction and relative position of the vertical greening plants on the target building.
In one embodiment, the peripheral pedestrian layer is a spatial region where pedestrians around the target building are located, and the height of the peripheral pedestrian breathing layer is 1.5 m.
In one embodiment, the thermal comfort level index of the peripheral pedestrian layer is determined by parameters of wind speed, solar radiation and air temperature and humidity, and the thermal comfort level index of the peripheral pedestrian layer refers to a physiological equivalent temperature difference of the peripheral pedestrian layer of the target building under different vertical greening layouts.
In one embodiment, the physiologically equivalent temperature difference is calculated by the formula:
ΔPET＝PETbase-PETVGS
wherein, the delta PET is a physiologically equivalent temperature difference, PETbaseFor the initial model of the target building which is not covered with vertical greening of the vertical surface, the physiological equivalent temperature of the pedestrian layer, PETVGSIn order to cover different vertical greening target building comparison models, the physiological equivalent temperature of a pedestrian layer is measured at noon in a typical winter-summer two-season meteorological day.
A vertical greening arrangement system based on CFD environmental numerical simulation, wherein the system comprises:
the initial model building unit is used for acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software;
the comparison model establishing unit is used for adjusting the parameters of the vertical greening plants on the target building and establishing a comparison model;
the index parameter acquisition unit is used for simulating building microenvironment of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to the comparison model and acquiring thermal comfort indexes of peripheral pedestrian layers of the target building under different vertical greening layouts;
and the optimal layout selecting unit is used for selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts CFD numerical simulation, simulates and calculates the building microenvironment by changing the vertical greening arrangement mode by establishing an initial three-dimensional model of a target building of an actual site and adopting uniform meteorological parameters as boundary conditions of calculation simulation, can reflect the influence of the change of the vertical greening arrangement mode on the outdoor pedestrian laminar wind and thermal environment, can select an optimal vertical greening arrangement method by comparing simulation results, is beneficial to creating proper and comfortable building peripheral wind and thermal environment, and can optimize the building peripheral wind and thermal environment and reduce the building energy consumption by adjusting the vertical greening layout on the building facade.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environmental numerical simulation according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an initial simulation object model and a mesh partition in the vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environmental numerical simulation according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of six types of vertical greening distribution modes in the vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environmental numerical simulation provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a CFD simulation result of a physiological equivalent temperature difference (Δ PET) under different vertical greening arrangement modes in the vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environment numerical simulation provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the vertical greening arrangement system based on CFD environmental numerical simulation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
There are three main approaches to the study of thermal environment in recent years: an on-site actual measurement method, a computer simulation method and a wind tunnel experiment method. The invention adopts a computer simulation method, utilizes derivative software ENVI-met developed based on a CFD platform to simulate the building microenvironment under the influence of different vertical greening, calculates the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) of a pedestrian layer through parameters such as wind speed, solar radiation, air temperature and humidity and evaluates the environmental benefit of the vertical greening arrangement mode according to the thermal comfort parameters. Compared with other research methods, the CFD numerical simulation method is low in cost, strong in applicability, high in operability and visual and comprehensive in simulation result. In recent years, with the continuous development of computer technology, the precision and speed of numerical simulation are continuously improved, and CFD numerical simulation becomes the mainstream evaluation method in the field of building environment.
In an actual building environment, vertical greening actual measurement in different arrangements is carried out in the same field, and high manpower and material resources are required to be consumed and are limited by an outdoor complex environment. Therefore, the invention adopts CFD numerical simulation, simulates and calculates the microenvironment of the building by establishing an initial three-dimensional model of a target building in an actual site and adopting uniform meteorological parameters as simulated boundary conditions and changing the vertical greening arrangement mode, and can reflect the influence of the change of the vertical greening arrangement mode on the laminar wind and heat environment of outdoor pedestrians, and can select the optimal vertical greening arrangement scheme by comparing the simulation results.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides a vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environmental numerical simulation, specifically as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step S100, acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located, and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software;
s200, adjusting vertical greening plant parameters on the target building and constructing a comparison model;
step S300, simulating building microenvironments of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to the comparison model, and acquiring thermal comfort level indexes of pedestrian layers around the target building;
and S400, selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index.
In this embodiment, the meteorological data may be obtained according to outdoor meteorological parameters in "design specifications for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning of civil buildings" and meteorological data of an area where the target building is located, including air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, and average wind speed. For example, the initial wind speed is set to be 2.0m/s, the direction is the north wind direction, and the specific implementation is combined with the wind speed and the wind direction which are common in the local season.
Further, the building initial model in this embodiment includes: establishing a calculation simulation area in the position area of the target building; the size of the simulation area is calculated in such a way that the distance between the boundary of the simulation area and the target building is greater than the highest building height h in the field, 2h is adopted in the embodiment, the height of the simulation area is greater than 2 times of the highest building height in the field, and 5h is adopted in the embodiment. Specifically, when the simulation area is set, as shown in fig. 2, the buildings in the simulation area are six factory-modified buildings with a height of 18.5m, the horizontal grid resolution is 3m × 3m, and the buildings are placed in parallel, and preferably, the specific grid resolution is determined according to the simulated precision requirement. And then, carrying out meshing division on the simulation area by adopting a hexahedral structural mesh, and carrying out local mesh encryption between the building ground and the pedestrian activity area height of 0 m-2 m. Boundary conditions are then set based on the meteorological data for the simulated region. In this embodiment, the boundary conditions are set based on the local weather bureau official weather station recorded data of the simulation area. The standard height Z0 in the simulation is set to 10m, the average wind speed at the height is U0, and the ground roughness and the turbulence intensity are set according to the actual situation of the local building environment.
Further, the present embodiment constructs a comparative model by adjusting the vertical greening plant parameters on the target building. Specifically, the vertical greening plant parameters comprise: leaf area density, leaf area index, arrangement distance, arrangement direction and relative position of the vertical greening plants on the target building. For the establishment of the comparison model, the leaf area density, the leaf area index, the arrangement distance, the arrangement direction and the relative position of the vertical greening plants on the main building facade are changed by combining the local laws and regulations and site limiting conditions, so as to obtain the comparison model. Taking the arrangement manner as an example, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of six types of vertical greening arrangement manners of the present embodiment, and the six types of vertical greening distribution manners in fig. 3 are respectively: full-spread, vertical arrangement, horizontal arrangement, upward concentration, downward concentration and staggered arrangement, and fig. 4 is a CFD simulation result of physiological equivalent temperature difference under different vertical greening arrangement modes.
Further, the thermal comfort level index of the peripheral pedestrian layer of the target building under different vertical greening layouts is obtained as a physiological equivalent temperature difference, and the thermal comfort level index can be obtained through simulation calculation of wind speed, solar radiation and air temperature and humidity parameters. Specifically, the calculation formula of the physiological equivalent temperature difference is as follows:
ΔPET＝PETbase-PETVGS
wherein, Δ PET is a physiological equivalent temperature difference, PETbase is a physiological equivalent temperature of a pedestrian layer at noon of a typical winter-summer two-season meteorological day of a target building initial model not covered with vertical greening of the vertical surface, and PETVGS is a physiological equivalent temperature of a pedestrian layer at noon of a typical winter-summer two-season meteorological day of a target building comparison model covering different vertical greening. The larger the Δ PET value is, the more remarkable the vertical greening effect is.
Preferably, the peripheral pedestrian layer in the embodiment is a space activity area where pedestrians around the target building are located, and the height of the peripheral pedestrian breathing layer is 1.5 m. After the thermal comfort index delta PET of the pedestrian layer of the target building under different vertical greening layouts is obtained, the optimal vertical greening layout can be selected by comparing the delta PET values. As can be seen from fig. 4, in the present embodiment, when the layout of full-spread, horizontal arrangement and downward concentration is adopted, the Δ PET value of the building periphery is larger, and the effect is significantly better than that of vertical arrangement, upward concentration and dislocation arrangement.
In the embodiment, the thermal environment of pedestrian layer height around the building is obtained by adjusting main indexes of vertical greening on the building facade, such as leaf area density, leaf area index, plant types, arrangement intervals, facade direction, relative positions and the like of vertical greening plants, calculating an air flow field and a temperature field through CFD numerical simulation, and judging the quality of the thermal environment around the building by combining with the evaluation standard of the thermal environment outside the building so as to provide measures and methods for optimizing the thermal environment around the building by adjusting the facade arrangement mode of vertical greening.
Based on the above embodiment, the present invention further provides an elevation vertical greening arrangement system based on CFD environmental numerical simulation, specifically as shown in fig. 5, the system includes:
an initial model building unit 510, configured to obtain meteorological data of an area where a target building is located, and set a working condition in a preset building initial model according to the obtained meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software;
a comparison model establishing unit 520, configured to adjust parameters of vertical greening plants on the target building and establish a comparison model;
an index parameter obtaining unit 530, configured to simulate building microenvironments of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to the comparison model, and obtain thermal comfort indexes of peripheral pedestrian floors of the target building under different vertical greening layouts;
and an optimal layout selecting unit 540, configured to select an optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index.
In summary, the invention discloses a vertical greening arrangement method and system based on CFD environment numerical simulation, the method comprises: acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located, and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software; adjusting the parameters of vertical greening plants on the target building and constructing a comparison model; according to the comparison model, simulating a building microenvironment of the target building under different vertical greening layouts and a thermal comfort level index of a pedestrian layer around the target building; and selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index. The invention is beneficial to creating suitable and comfortable building peripheral wind and heat environment, and can optimize the building peripheral wind and heat environment and reduce the building energy consumption by adjusting the vertical greening layout on the building elevation.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A vertical greening arrangement method of a vertical surface based on CFD environment numerical simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located, and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software;
adjusting the parameters of vertical greening plants on the target building and constructing a comparison model;
simulating the building microenvironment of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to the comparison model, and acquiring the thermal comfort level index of the peripheral pedestrian layer;
and selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index.
2. The vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environment numerical simulation of claim 1, wherein the meteorological data comprises: and obtaining the typical air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and average wind speed of the local winter and summer according to the outdoor meteorological parameters and the local meteorological data of the area where the target building is located.
3. A vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environmental numerical simulation as recited in claim 1, wherein said building initial model building process comprises:
establishing a calculation simulation area in the position area of the target building;
carrying out meshing division on the simulation area by adopting a hexahedral structural grid, and carrying out local grid encryption between the building ground and the height of the pedestrian activity area from 0m to 2 m;
setting boundary conditions according to the meteorological data of the simulation area.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the simulated area is such that the distance between the boundary of the simulated area and the target building is greater than the highest building height in the field, and the height of the simulated area is greater than 2 times the highest building height in the field.
5. A vertical greening arrangement method based on CFD environment numerical simulation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said vertical greening plant parameters include: leaf area density, leaf area index, arrangement distance, arrangement direction and relative position of the vertical greening plants on the target building.
6. The vertical greening arrangement method for facades based on CFD environment numerical simulation of claim 1, wherein the peripheral pedestrian layer is a space area where pedestrians around the target building are located, and the height of the peripheral pedestrian breathing layer is 1.5 m.
7. The vertical greening arrangement method for facades based on CFD environment numerical simulation of claim 1, wherein the thermal comfort level index of the peripheral pedestrian layer is determined by wind speed, solar radiation, air temperature, humidity parameters and the like, and the thermal comfort level index of the peripheral pedestrian layer refers to the physiological equivalent temperature difference of the peripheral pedestrian layer of the target building under different vertical greening layouts.
8. The vertical greening arrangement method of an elevation based on CFD environment numerical simulation of claim 7, wherein the calculation formula of the physiological equivalent temperature difference is as follows:
ΔPET＝PETbase-PETVGS
wherein, the delta PET is a physiologically equivalent temperature difference, PETbaseThe PET (polyethylene terephthalate) physiological equivalent temperature of the pedestrian layer height of the initial model of the target building for vertical greening of the uncovered vertical surface in the typical winter and summer at noon of two-season meteorological daysVGSThe physiological equivalent temperature of the pedestrian layer height in the typical winter and summer two-season meteorological noon of a target building comparison model for covering different vertical greening.
9. A vertical greening arrangement system based on CFD environmental numerical simulation is characterized by comprising:
the initial model building unit is used for acquiring meteorological data of a position area where a target building is located and setting working conditions in a preset building initial model according to the acquired meteorological data; the building initial model is established in CFD software;
the comparison model establishing unit is used for adjusting the parameters of the vertical greening plants on the target building and establishing a comparison model;
the index parameter acquisition unit is used for simulating building microenvironment of the target building under different vertical greening layouts according to the comparison model and acquiring thermal comfort indexes of peripheral pedestrian layers of the target building under different vertical greening layouts;
and the optimal layout selecting unit is used for selecting the optimal vertical greening layout on the target building according to the obtained thermal comfort level index.
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| CN115935855A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-04-07 | 北京科技大学 | Urban greening method and device based on optimized tree pollen concentration index |
| CN116882034A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-13 | 武汉大学 | Urban three-dimensional greening distribution method based on three-dimensional simulation |
| CN117932918A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-04-26 | 成都信息工程大学 | Urban local dynamic roughness calculation method considering dynamic parameter change |
| CN118094699A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-05-28 | 深圳大学 | Building environment prediction method and terminal based on three-dimensional information point-by-point calculation |
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2020
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115935855A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-04-07 | 北京科技大学 | Urban greening method and device based on optimized tree pollen concentration index |
| CN116882034A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-13 | 武汉大学 | Urban three-dimensional greening distribution method based on three-dimensional simulation |
| CN116882034B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-11-17 | 武汉大学 | Urban three-dimensional greening distribution method based on three-dimensional simulation |
| CN118094699A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-05-28 | 深圳大学 | Building environment prediction method and terminal based on three-dimensional information point-by-point calculation |
| CN117932918A (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-04-26 | 成都信息工程大学 | Urban local dynamic roughness calculation method considering dynamic parameter change |
| CN117932918B (en) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-08-02 | 成都信息工程大学 | Urban local dynamic roughness calculation method considering dynamic parameter change |
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