CN113310856B - Particle generation method and device of heat flow generator for thermal vibration test - Google Patents
Particle generation method and device of heat flow generator for thermal vibration test Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particulate matter generation method of a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test, which comprises the step of burning a mixed fuel of diesel oil and isooctane at a constant volumeCombusting in a combustor to form a mixed gas containing particulate matters; after the mixed gas is subjected to charge loading on the particles by the electrostatic loading system, dividing the mixed gas into three paths, and respectively discharging ultrafine particles to a first pressure stabilizing cavity, fine particles to a second pressure stabilizing cavity and coarse particles to a third pressure stabilizing cavity; the discharge flows of the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the second pressure stabilizing cavity and the third pressure stabilizing cavity are respectively controlled by the proportion of target particles to carry out air flow mixing, preheated air is mixed to carry out flow regulation, and finally normal-temperature CO is mixed 2 Or the temperature is adjusted by electric heating to obtain the target heat flow. The invention also discloses a particle generating device of the thermal current generator for the thermal vibration test. The invention can provide a heat flow atmosphere containing particles with variable particle sizes for the particle catcher for reliability test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for generating heat flow particles, in particular to a method and a device for generating particles of a heat flow generator for a thermal vibration test.
Background
The thermal vibration test is a necessary test link for ensuring the reliability of the mechanical performance of the after-processor in the research, development and manufacturing processes of the exhaust after-processor for the automobile. The China Association for environmental protection industries provides relevant standards for the mechanical performance of diesel engine exhaust after-treatment devices, and the test requirements of thermal vibration are clearly specified. During the thermal vibration test, the heat flow generator is mainly used for providing high-temperature heat flow and simulating the temperature and the flow of the exhaust gas of the engine.
The heat flow generator mainly has three forms of electric heating, gas heating and diesel oil heating, wherein the electric heating is mainly used for providing the test requirement of constant temperature, the gas heating and the diesel oil heating can realize the rapid change of temperature, and the test requirement of temperature circulation can be met except for being used for a constant temperature test. The diesel heating has obvious advantages in safety, and particularly, in the process of carrying out a particle trap thermal vibration test, the particulate matters formed by the diesel heat-flow generator in the combustion process can provide a heat flow condition with the particulate matters for the particle trap, and the condition is closer to the actual working state of the particle trap.
At present, aiming at the formation of the particulate matters of the heat flow generator, a method for controlling the air-fuel ratio is mainly adopted, so that diesel oil is combusted under the condition of smaller air-fuel ratio, and oxygen is lacked in the combustion process, thereby forming the particulate matters. However, there are two major problems with this approach: the first is a relatively small air-fuel ratio, which limits the maximum temperature that can be reached by the heat flow generator, and the formation of high temperature and particulate matter-containing heat flow conditions cannot be met. Secondly, the particle size distribution of the formed particles is uncontrollable, so that the particle size distribution condition of the exhaust particles can not be provided for the particle trap for performing the reliability test, and the verification range of the reliability test of the particle trap is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for generating particles by using a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test, which can obtain a thermal flow condition containing ultrafine particles, fine particles and coarse particles according to a predetermined ratio. Another object of the present invention is to provide a particulate matter generating apparatus of a thermal current generator for a thermal vibration test.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a particle generation method of a thermal current generator for a thermal vibration test comprises the following steps:
burning a mixed fuel of diesel oil and isooctane in a constant volume burner to form a mixed gas containing particulate matters;
secondly, the mixed gas passes through an electrostatic loading system to load charges on the particles, and then the mixed gas is divided into three paths including a first branch, a second branch and a third branch; discharging ultrafine particles to a first pressure stabilizing cavity by alternately performing electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release on the first branch, discharging fine particles to a second pressure stabilizing cavity by alternately performing electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release on the second branch, and discharging coarse particles to a third pressure stabilizing cavity by alternately performing electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release on the third branch; the grain size of the superfine particles is less than 50nm, the grain size of the fine particles is not less than 50nm and not more than 1 mu m, and the grain size of the coarse particles is more than 1 mu m;
step three, respectively controlling the discharge flow of the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the second pressure stabilizing cavity and the third pressure stabilizing cavity according to the proportion of target particles to mix air flow, mixing preheated air to regulate the flow, and finally mixing heat flow through normal-temperature CO 2 Or the temperature is adjusted by electric heating to obtain the target heat flow.
Further, the mixing ratio of the diesel oil and the isooctane is calculated in the following way, when X is more than or equal to 50, R is 0.0375X 2 -3.525X +87, if calculated R > 100, executed as 100; and when X is less than 50, R is 0, wherein the proportion of the ultrafine particles in the particles is X%, and the mass ratio of the isooctane in the mixed fuel is R%.
Further, the electrostatic loading voltage during electrostatic adsorption of the first branch is 10-500V, the first branch receives the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and exhaust gas of the first branch is not communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity; when the first branch is loaded with reverse voltage, the first branch blocks the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the first branch is communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity; the electrostatic loading voltage of the second branch during electrostatic adsorption is 550-3000V, the second branch receives the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the second branch is not communicated with the second pressure stabilizing cavity; when the second branch circuit loads reverse voltage, the second branch circuit blocks the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the second branch circuit is communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity; the electrostatic loading voltage of the third branch during electrostatic adsorption is 3100-10000V, the third branch receives the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the third branch is not communicated with the third pressure stabilizing cavity; and when the third branch circuit loads reverse voltage, the third branch circuit blocks the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the third branch circuit is communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity.
Further, when the first branch circuit performs electrostatic adsorption, when the actual voltage in the first branch circuit is reduced by more than a voltage drop threshold value compared with the electrostatic loading voltage, the first branch circuit is switched to be loaded with a reverse voltage; when the second branch circuit carries out electrostatic adsorption, when the actual voltage in the second branch circuit is reduced by more than a voltage drop threshold value compared with the electrostatic loading voltage, the voltage is switched to be the loading reverse voltage; when the third branch circuit carries out electrostatic adsorption, when the actual voltage in the third branch circuit is reduced by more than a voltage drop threshold value compared with the electrostatic loading voltage, the voltage drop threshold value is switched to be loading reverse voltage, and the voltage drop threshold value is not less than 5%.
Further, the first branch circuit is provided with a first branch main circuit and a first branch circuit bypass, the second branch circuit is provided with a second branch circuit main circuit and a second branch circuit bypass, the third branch circuit is provided with a third branch circuit main circuit and a third branch circuit bypass, and the first branch circuit main circuit and the first branch circuit bypass, the second branch circuit main circuit and the second branch circuit bypass, and the third branch circuit main circuit and the third branch circuit bypass alternately perform electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release respectively.
Further, normal temperature CO is mixed with heat flow in the third step 2 Or the temperature regulation through electric heating specifically comprises the steps of 301, judging that the temperature of the heat flow is in the target temperature range of the heat flow, if so, ending the flow, otherwise, entering the step 302; step 302, judging whether the heat flow temperature exceeds the upper limit of the heat flow target temperature range, recording the execution times N of the step, if so, entering step 303, and if not, entering step 304; step 303, introducing normal temperature CO into the heat flow 2 Said normal temperature CO 2 Flow rate of 10% F 0 *1.5 (N-1) ，F 0 Is the flow of the target heat flow, and the flow valve adjusts the final heat flow to F 0 The surplus heat flow is discharged through the bypass, and the step 301 is returned; step 304, the electric heater is started to heat the heat flow and the step 301 is returned.
A particulate generating device of a thermogenerator for a thermooscillation test comprises a constant volume combustor and a pumping system, wherein an electrostatic loading system is arranged on an exhaust pipeline of the constant volume combustor, the exhaust pipeline of the constant volume combustor and an outlet of the pumping system are respectively connected with inlet ends of a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, an outlet end of the first branch is connected with a first pressure stabilizing cavity, an outlet end of the second branch is connected with a second pressure stabilizing cavity, an outlet end of the third branch is connected with a third pressure stabilizing cavity, voltage loading adsorption devices are respectively arranged on the first branch, the second branch and the third branch, an outlet of the first pressure stabilizing cavity is connected to an inlet end of a mixed flow pipeline through a first flow regulating valve, an outlet of the second pressure stabilizing cavity is connected to a second flow regulating valve, and an outlet of the third pressure stabilizing cavity is connected to an inlet end of a mixed flow pipeline through a third flow regulating valve, the mixed flow pipeline is respectively provided with a heat flow regulating valve and normal temperature CO along the air flow advancing direction 2 The inlet of the heat flow regulating valve is connected with a preheated air source for mixing the mixed flow pipeline airflow and the preheated air, and the normal temperature CO is used for heating the mixed flow pipeline airflow and the preheated air 2 The inlet of the mixed flow valve is connected with CO 2 The gas source is used for mixing the mixed flow pipeline gas flow and normal temperature CO 2 And the outlet end of the mixed flow pipeline is a target heat flow outlet.
Further, in order to continuously adsorb and release various particulate matters, the first branch comprises a first branch main path and a first branch bypass, the second branch comprises a second branch main path and a second branch bypass, the third branch comprises a third branch main path and a third branch bypass, the first branch main path, the first branch bypass, the second branch main path, the second branch bypass, the third branch main path and the third branch bypass are respectively provided with a voltage loading adsorption device, the inlet ends of the first branch main path and the first branch bypass are selected to be communicated with the exhaust pipeline of the constant volume burner through a first switching valve, the inlet ends of the second branch main path and the second branch bypass are selected to be communicated with the exhaust pipeline of the constant volume burner through a second switching valve, and the inlet ends of the third branch main path and the third branch bypass are selected to be communicated with the exhaust pipeline of the constant volume burner through a third switching valve, the outlet of the pumping system is respectively connected with the inlets of the first branch main circuit, the first branch bypass, the second branch main circuit, the second branch bypass, the third branch main circuit and the third branch bypass, the outlets of the first branch main circuit and the first branch bypass are connected with the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the outlets of the second branch main circuit and the second branch bypass are connected with the second pressure stabilizing cavity, and the outlets of the third branch main circuit and the third branch bypass are connected with the third pressure stabilizing cavity.
Further, in order to fully utilize exhaust waste heat generated during adsorption and release of particulate matters, outlets of the first branch main path and the first branch bypass are respectively communicated with an inlet end of the first pressure stabilization cavity or the second branch through a fourth switching valve, outlets of the second branch main path and the second branch bypass are respectively communicated with an inlet end of the second pressure stabilization cavity or the third branch through a fifth switching valve, outlets of the third branch main path and the third branch bypass are respectively communicated with the third pressure stabilization cavity or an air preheater through a fifth switching valve, and the air preheater is connected with an inlet of the heat flow regulating valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
determining the fuel composition according to the distribution requirement of the particles in the target heat flow, so that the required particle concentration can be obtained in a relatively balanced manner, and ensuring that the target particle concentration can be reached through flow control during mixing; the particles formed by combustion of the constant-volume combustor are collected in a grading manner and then mixed, and the target concentration of each particle can be accurately adjusted according to the distribution requirement of the particles in the target heat flow; the particle concentration and the heat flow temperature are respectively regulated and controlled, heat during particle collection can be recovered through bypass heat exchange, the heat flow temperature is accurately controlled on the basis of accurate particle target concentration, generated extra energy consumption is low, and the heat utilization rate is high. The invention can provide a heat flow atmosphere containing particles with variable particle sizes for the particle catcher for reliability test.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a particulate matter generating device of a thermal current generator for a thermal vibration test according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a particle generation process of a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of step three.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the number concentration distribution of particles in the heat flow obtained in the example.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a particulate matter generating device of a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a constant volume combustor 1 and an air pumping system 2, wherein a fuel of the constant volume combustor 1 is a mixed fuel of diesel oil and isooctane. An electrostatic loading system 4 is arranged on an exhaust pipeline 3 of the constant volume combustor 1 and is used for loading charges for the particles in the exhaust and adsorbing the particles in a subsequent pipeline. The end of the exhaust pipeline 3 of the constant volume burner 1 is respectively connected with the inlet ends of the first branch 5, the second branch 6 and the third branch 7, and the exhaust in the exhaust pipeline 3 is equally divided into the first branch 5, the second branch 6 and the third branch 7. In order to continuously adsorb and collect the particulate matters and fully utilize the exhaust heat, the first branch 5 includes a first main branch 51 and a first bypass 52 arranged in parallel, and the inlet ends of the first main branch 51 and the first bypass 52 are selectively communicated with the exhaust pipe 3 of the constant volume burner 1 through the first switching valve 8. The second branch circuit 6 comprises a second branch main circuit 61 and a second branch bypass 62 which are arranged in parallel, and the inlet ends of the second branch main circuit 61 and the second branch bypass 62 are selected to be communicated with the exhaust pipeline 3 of the constant volume combustor 1 through a second switching valve 9. The third branch 7 includes a third branch main path 71 and a third branch bypass 72 arranged in parallel, and inlet ends of the third branch main path 71 and the third branch bypass 72 are selectively communicated with the exhaust line 3 of the constant volume burner 1 through a third switching valve 10. The outlet of the pumping system 2 is connected to the inlets of the first branch main path 51, the first branch bypass 52, the second branch main path 61, the second branch bypass 62, the third branch main path 71, and the third branch bypass 72, respectively. The first branch main circuit 51, the first branch bypass circuit 52, the second branch main circuit 61, the second branch bypass circuit 62, the third branch main circuit 71 and the third branch bypass circuit 72 are respectively provided with a voltage loading adsorption device 11. The outlets of the first branch main path 51 and the first branch bypass path 52 are communicated with the inlet end of the first pressure stabilizing cavity 13 or the inlet end of the second branch 6 through the fourth switching valve 12, so that the exhaust gas after the particulate matter adsorption of the first branch 5 can enter the second branch 6 for continuous adsorption. The outlets of the second branch main path 61 and the second branch bypass 62 are communicated with the second pressure stabilizing cavity 15 or the inlet end of the third branch 7 through the fifth switching valve 14, so that the exhaust gas after the particulate matter adsorption of the second branch 6 can enter the third branch 7 for continuous adsorption. Outlets of the third branch main path 71 and the third branch bypass 72 are communicated with the third pressure stabilizing cavity 17 or the air preheater 18 through the sixth switching valve 16, and the air preheater 18 is connected with an inlet of the heat flow regulating valve 19, so that the exhaust gas after the particulate matter is adsorbed by the third branch 7 preheats the air to utilize heat energy of the exhaust gas.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a method for generating particles by a thermal current generator for a thermal vibration test includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining the fuel components according to the requirements of the test on the particle size distribution of the particles in the heat flow. The particle trap which needs to be subjected to the thermal vibration test has the following requirements on the particle size distribution of particles in heat flow: ultrafine particles (particle size)<50nm) is X%, the number percentage of fine particles (particle size is not less than 50nm and not more than 1 μm) is Y%, the number percentage of coarse particles (particle size)>1 μm) is Z%. The requirement for the final heat flow ambient temperature is T 0 The requirement of heat flow is F 0 。
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. by means of high-pressure injection, fuel of different components is injected, air is introduced at the same time, and the mixed fuel is combusted in a combustor with constant volume to form mixed gas containing particulate matters.
2. According to the requirement of the proportion (X%) of the ultrafine particles in the total amount of the particles, the mass ratio (R%) of isooctane in the mixed fuel is obtained according to the following formula:
when X is more than or equal to 50, R is 0.0375X 2 -3.525X +87, if calculated R > 100, executed as 100.
When X <50, R is 0.
Step two: the combustion particles are classified according to different particle sizes
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the mixed gas formed after the mixed fuel is combusted passes through the electrostatic loading system to load electric charges on particles in the combusted mixed gas. In this case, the amount of charge that can be applied varies depending on the mass of the particles of different particle sizes. The larger the particle size of the particulate matter, the more charge is loaded.
1. The burnt gas mixture is shunted after passing through the electrostatic loading system, the shunted exhaust gas respectively enters three passages of a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, the first branch adsorbs ultrafine particles, the second branch adsorbs fine particles, and the third branch adsorbs coarse particles.
2. On the three exhaust passages, the exhaust flow direction is controlled by the first switching valve, the second switching valve and the third switching valve respectively. And (3) carrying out electrostatic adsorption on the passing particles by adopting loaded electrostatic voltage on 6 exhaust branches including the first branch main circuit 51, the first branch bypass circuit 52, the second branch main circuit 61, the second branch bypass circuit 62, the third branch main circuit 71 and the third branch bypass circuit 72.
3. The first branch path working process: the first branch main path 51 and the first branch bypass path 52 work alternately, so that the collection of particles and the smooth exhaust are ensured.
The exhaust gas flows to the first branch main path 51 through the first switching valve, and the electrostatic voltage is applied to the first branch main path 51 in a range of 10 to 500V. The exhaust gas in the first branch main passage 51 flows to the second branch inlet through the fourth switching valve 12.
When the actual voltage in the first branch main circuit 51 is reduced by 5% compared with the loading voltage, the reverse voltage is loaded in the first branch main circuit 51, and the voltage range is 10-500V. In the first branch main passage 51, the exhaust gas containing the ultrafine particles flows to the first surge chamber 13 through the fourth switching valve 12 by the pumping system. And simultaneously controlling the first switching valve to lead the exhaust gas to the first branch bypass 52, and applying electrostatic voltage to the first branch bypass 52 in the range of 10-500V. The exhaust gas of the first branch bypass 52 passes through the fourth switching valve 12 to flow to the second branch inlet.
When the actual voltage in the first bypass 52 is reduced by 5% compared with the applied voltage, a reverse voltage is applied to the first bypass 52, and the voltage range is 10-500V. In the first bypass 52, the exhaust gas containing the ultrafine particles flows to the first surge chamber 13 through the fourth switching valve 12 by the pumping system.
4. And the second branch works. The second branch main path 61 and the second branch bypass 62 work alternately, so that the collection of particles and the smooth exhaust are ensured.
The exhaust gas flows to the second branch main path 61 through the second switching valve, and the second branch main path 61 is loaded with electrostatic voltage in the range of 550-3000V. The exhaust gas in the second branch main passage 61 flows to the third branch inlet through the fifth switching valve 14.
When the actual voltage in the second branch main circuit 61 is lower than the loading voltage by 5%, the reverse voltage is loaded in the second branch main circuit 61, and the voltage range is 550-3000V. In the second branch main path 61, the exhaust gas containing fine particles flows to the second surge chamber 15 through the fifth switching valve 14 by the pumping system. And meanwhile, the second switching valve is controlled to enable the exhaust to be led to the second branch bypass 62, and the second branch bypass 62 is loaded with electrostatic voltage in the range of 550-3000V. The exhaust gas of the second branch bypass 62 passes through the fifth switching valve 14 to flow to the third branch inlet.
When the actual voltage in the second branch bypass 62 is lower than the loading voltage by 5%, the reverse voltage is loaded in the second branch bypass 62, and the voltage range is 550-3000V. In the second branch bypass 62, the exhaust gas containing fine particles is passed through the fifth switching valve 14 to the second surge chamber 15 by the pumping system.
5. And a third branch works. The third branch main path 71 and the third branch bypass 72 work alternately, so that the collection of particles and the smooth exhaust are ensured.
The exhaust gas flows to the third branch main path 71 through the third switching valve, and electrostatic voltage is applied to the third branch main path 71, wherein the range of the electrostatic voltage is 3100-10000V. The exhaust gas in the third branch main path 71 flows to the air preheater 18 through the sixth switching valve 16 to preheat the air.
When the actual voltage in the third branch main circuit 71 is reduced by 5% compared with the loading voltage, the reverse voltage is loaded in the third branch main circuit 71, and the voltage range is 3100-10000V. In the third branch main path 71, the exhaust gas containing coarse particles is passed through the sixth switching valve 16 by the pumping system to the third surge chamber 17. And meanwhile, the third switching valve is controlled to enable the exhaust to be led to the third branch bypass 72, and electrostatic voltage is loaded on the third branch bypass 72 and ranges from 3100V to 10000V. The exhaust gas of the third bypass passage 72 flows to the air preheater 18 through the sixth switching valve 16 to preheat the air.
When the actual voltage in the third branch bypass 72 is reduced by 5% compared with the loading voltage, the reverse voltage is loaded in the third branch bypass 72, and the voltage range is 3100-10000V. In the third branch bypass 72, the exhaust gas containing coarse particles is passed through the sixth switching valve 16 to the third surge chamber 17 by the pumping system.
6. And (5) the working requirement of the pumping system. The air pumping system keeps the same flow of the air introduced into the 6 branches. The flow rate range is 0.1-0.3F 0 。
Step three: variable particle size distribution control, heat flow ambient temperature and flow control.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. the opening degree of the first flow rate adjusting valve 20 is adjusted to be X%; the opening degree of the second flow rate adjustment valve 21 is Y%; the opening degree of the third flow rate adjustment valve 22 is Z%. Adjusting the heat flow rate adjusting valve 19 to adjust the heat flow rate to F 0 . At the moment, the requirement of the quantity percentage of various particles is ensured, and meanwhile, the requirement of the test heat flow can be met. During the regulation of the flow, the overall temperature of the heat flow decreases.
2. Detecting a secondary combustor inlet heat flow temperature T 1 。
3. Judgment of T 1 Whether or not T is reached 0 (±5％)：
1) If so, go to step 4.
2) If not, go to step 5.
4. The heat flow temperature and pressure meet the test requirements.
5. Judgment of T 1 Whether or not greater than T 0 (greater than 1.05T) 0 ) Recording the execution times of the step 5 as N:
1) if so, go to step 6.
2) If not, go to step 7.
6. Starting the 'CO 2 generator 27', setting the initial flow rate to 10% F by the normal temperature CO2 mixed flow valve 24 0 ，CO 2 The flow rate of (2) is 10% F 0 *1.5 (N-1) The final flow rate is adjusted to F by the end flow rate adjusting valve 25 0 And the redundant heat flow is discharged through the bypass and returns to the step 3.
7. And (5) starting the secondary combustor, adopting an electric heater 26 with the power range of 60-80 kW, and returning to the step 3.
By the particulate matter generation method provided by the embodiment, a heat flow environment with variable particulate matter number concentration distribution for the thermal vibration test is realized, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
Three targets of different particle size particle number concentrations are set:
The number concentration of the particles with different particle diameters is actually obtained as follows:
the number percentages of the ultrafine particles, the fine particles and the coarse particles actually obtained by the target 1 are as follows: 82%, 13.5%, 4.5%;
the number percentages of the ultrafine particles, the fine particles and the coarse particles actually obtained by the target 2 are as follows: 68.1%, 27.1% and 4.8%;
the number percentages of the ultrafine, fine and coarse particles actually obtained for target 3 were: 61.2%, 33.4% and 5.4%.
The quantity percentage of the particles with various particle diameters is controlled within 10 percent.
Claims (9)
1. A particulate matter generation method of a thermal current generator for a thermal vibration test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, burning a mixed fuel of diesel oil and isooctane in a constant volume burner to form a mixed gas containing particulate matters;
secondly, the mixed gas passes through an electrostatic loading system to load charges on the particles, and then the mixed gas is divided into three paths including a first branch, a second branch and a third branch; discharging ultrafine particles to a first pressure stabilizing cavity by alternately performing electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release on the first branch, discharging fine particles to a second pressure stabilizing cavity by alternately performing electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release on the second branch, and discharging coarse particles to a third pressure stabilizing cavity by alternately performing electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage loading release on the third branch; the grain size of the superfine particles is less than 50nm, the grain size of the fine particles is not less than 50nm and not more than 1 mu m, and the grain size of the coarse particles is more than 1 mu m;
step three, respectively controlling the discharge flow of the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the second pressure stabilizing cavity and the third pressure stabilizing cavity according to the proportion of target particles to mix air flow, mixing preheated air to regulate the flow, and finally mixing normal-temperature CO 2 Or the temperature is adjusted by electric heating to obtain the target heat flow.
2. The method of generating particulate matter using a heat flow generator for a thermal vibration test as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of diesel oil and isooctane is calculated such that R =0.0375X when X ≧ 50 2 -3.525X +87, if calculated R > 100, executed as 100; and when X is less than 50, R =0, wherein the proportion of the ultrafine particles in the particles is X%, and the mass ratio of the isooctane in the mixed fuel is R%.
3. The particulate matter generation method of the thermal flow generator for the thermal vibration test is characterized in that the electrostatic loading voltage of the first branch during electrostatic adsorption is 10-500V, the first branch receives the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust gas of the first branch is not communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity; when the first branch circuit loads reverse voltage, the first branch circuit blocks the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the first branch circuit is communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity; the electrostatic loading voltage of the second branch during electrostatic adsorption is 550-3000V, the second branch receives the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the second branch is not communicated with the second pressure stabilizing cavity; when the second branch circuit loads reverse voltage, the second branch circuit blocks the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the second branch circuit is communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity; the electrostatic loading voltage of the third branch during electrostatic adsorption is 3100-10000V, the third branch receives the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the third branch is not communicated with the third pressure stabilizing cavity; and when the third branch circuit loads reverse voltage, the third branch circuit blocks the mixed gas passing through the electrostatic loading system in the second step, and the exhaust of the third branch circuit is communicated with the first pressure stabilizing cavity.
4. The method of generating particulate matter with a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test as set forth in claim 3, wherein the first branch is switched to a reverse voltage when the actual voltage in the first branch decreases by a magnitude exceeding a voltage drop threshold compared to the electrostatic charging voltage while performing electrostatic adsorption; when the second branch circuit carries out electrostatic adsorption, when the actual voltage in the second branch circuit is reduced by more than a voltage drop threshold value compared with the electrostatic loading voltage, the voltage is switched to be the loading reverse voltage; when the third branch circuit carries out electrostatic adsorption, when the actual voltage in the third branch circuit is reduced by more than a voltage drop threshold value compared with the electrostatic loading voltage, the voltage drop threshold value is switched to be loading reverse voltage, and the voltage drop threshold value is not less than 5%.
5. The method for generating particulate matter using a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test according to claim 3, wherein the first branch is provided with a first main branch path and a first branch bypass, the second branch is provided with a second main branch path and a second branch bypass, the third branch is provided with a third main branch path and a third branch bypass, and the first main branch path and the first branch bypass, the second main branch path and the second branch bypass, and the third main branch path and the third branch bypass alternately perform electrostatic adsorption and reverse voltage discharge respectively.
6. The method for generating particles by using a heat-flow generator for thermal vibration test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat flow is mixed with normal temperature CO in the third step 2 Or the temperature regulation through electric heating specifically comprises the steps of 301, judging whether the temperature of the heat flow is in the target temperature range of the heat flow, if so, ending the process, otherwise, entering the step 302; step 302,Judging whether the heat flow temperature exceeds the upper limit of the heat flow target temperature range, recording the execution times N of the step, if so, entering a step 303, otherwise, entering a step 304; step 303, introducing normal temperature CO into the heat flow 2 Said normal temperature CO 2 Flow rate 10% F 0 *1.5 （N -1） ，F 0 The flow rate of the target heat flow is obtained, and the final heat flow rate is adjusted to F by a flow valve 0 The surplus heat flow is discharged through the bypass, and the step 301 is returned; step 304, the electric heater is started to heat the heat flow and the process returns to step 301.
7. A particulate matter generating device of a thermal flow generator for a thermal vibration test is characterized by comprising a constant volume combustor and a pumping system, the exhaust pipeline of the constant volume burner and the outlet of the pump gas system are respectively connected with the inlet ends of the first branch, the second branch and the third branch, the outlet end of the first branch is connected with a first pressure stabilizing cavity, the outlet end of the second branch is connected with a second pressure stabilizing cavity, the outlet end of the third branch is connected with a third voltage stabilizing cavity, the first branch, the second branch and the third branch are respectively provided with a voltage loading adsorption device, the first branch road is used for adsorbing and collecting ultrafine particles, the second branch road is used for adsorbing and collecting fine particles, the third branch road is used for adsorbing and collecting coarse particles, and the particle size of the ultrafine particles is reduced.<50nm, the grain size of the fine particles is not less than 50nm and not more than 1 mu m, and the grain size of the coarse particles is not less than>1 mu m, the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the second pressure stabilizing cavity and the third pressure stabilizing cavity form a temporary storage cavity for three particles, the outlet of the first pressure stabilizing cavity is connected to the inlet end of a mixed flow pipeline through a first flow regulating valve, the outlet of the second pressure stabilizing cavity is connected to the inlet end of a second flow regulating valve and the outlet of the third pressure stabilizing cavity is connected to the inlet end of the mixed flow pipeline through a third flow regulating valve, and the mixed flow pipeline is provided with a heat flow regulating valve and a normal temperature CO respectively along the air flow advancing direction 2 The inlet of the heat flow regulating valve is connected with a preheated air source for mixing the mixed flow pipeline airflow and the preheated airGas, said normal temperature CO 2 The inlet of the mixed flow valve is connected with CO 2 The gas source is used for mixing the mixed flow pipeline gas flow and normal temperature CO 2 And the outlet end of the mixed flow pipeline is a target heat flow outlet.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first branch comprises a first main branch path and a first branch path, the second branch path comprises a second main branch path and a second branch path, the third branch path comprises a third main branch path and a third branch path, the first main branch path, the first branch path, the second main branch path, the second branch path, the third main branch path and the third branch path are respectively provided with a voltage loading adsorption device, inlet ends of the first main branch path and the first branch path are communicated with the exhaust pipe of the constant volume burner through a first switching valve, inlet ends of the second main branch path and the second branch path are communicated with the exhaust pipe of the constant volume burner through a second switching valve, and inlet ends of the third branch path and the third branch path are connected with the exhaust pipe of the constant volume burner through a third switching valve The outlet of the pumping system is respectively connected with the inlets of the first branch main path, the first branch bypass, the second branch main path, the second branch bypass, the third branch main path and the third branch bypass, the outlets of the first branch main path and the first branch bypass are connected with the first pressure stabilizing cavity, the outlets of the second branch main path and the second branch bypass are connected with the second pressure stabilizing cavity, and the outlets of the third branch main path and the third branch bypass are connected with the third pressure stabilizing cavity.
9. The particle generating apparatus of the thermal flow generator for thermal vibration test according to claim 8, wherein outlets of the first main branch path and the first branch path are respectively communicated with an inlet end of the first surge chamber or the second branch path through a fourth switching valve, outlets of the second main branch path and the second branch path are respectively communicated with an inlet end of the second surge chamber or the third branch path through a fifth switching valve, outlets of the third main branch path and the third branch path are respectively communicated with the third surge chamber or an air preheater through a fifth switching valve, and the air preheater is connected with an inlet of the thermal flow regulating valve.
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