CN106525679A - Method and system for measuring D50 uncertainty of PM2.5 cutter - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring D50 uncertainty of PM2.5 cutter Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008275 solid aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for measuring D50 uncertainty of a PM2.5 cutter. The method for measuring the D50 uncertainty of the PM2.5 cutter comprises the following steps: analyzing and evaluating the D50 uncertainty in a cutting feature research of the PM2.5 cutter by an emphasis section-taking fitting method; replacing a complex cutting efficiency standard feature fitting curve with a linear curve; measuring the uncertainty of the obtained linear curve through linear regression analysis in order to determine the D50 uncertainty. By adopting the method and the system, the analysis-calculation process is simplified greatly, the D50 uncertainty in the cutting feature research of the PM2.5 cutter can be accurately analyzed and measured, the demand on the traceability of value in a detection process of the PM2.5 cutter in China is met, and a reliable technical service can be provided for atmospheric environment monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Detection of Air Quality method and technology field, in particular to a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 not
The assay method of degree of certainty and system.
Background technology
PM2.5 is particulate matter of the aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in air, can also referred to as enter lung granule
Thing.PM2.5 particle diameters are little, and time of staying length rich in substantial amounts of poisonous and harmful substances and in an atmosphere, fed distance are remote, thus
Impact to health and atmosphere quality is bigger.PM2.5 particulate matters are used as the primary pollutant of China's air pollution.
PM2.5 is monitored and is effectively administered, and is the important goal of Ministry of Environmental Protection's door and national government.Currently, from country to place,
From environmental conservation, environmental monitoring department, to measurement technology supervisory organs at different levels, PM2.5 association area research works are all extremely paid close attention to
Make.With HJ618-2011《Surrounding air PM10With the bioassay standard of PM2.5》、GB3095-《Ambient air quality》Issue
Cloth is implemented, and the monitoring of PM2.5 particulate matter quality concentration has become the most important thing of government work.
And PM2.5 measuring instruments are the indispensable handss for PM2.5 particle monitorings, evaluation indoor and outdoor air quality in air
Section, the quality of its metering performance will be directly connected to the reliability of Monitoring Data.PM2.5 measuring instruments are by sampling apparatuses, granule point
From device (PM2.5 sicklies) and test and three part of data handling system composition.Wherein, PM2.5 sicklies are PM2.5 measuring instruments
The core devices of device, determine the size for collecting particulate matter, and PM2.5 cutter cuts Characteristics Detections are that PM2.5 monitoring results are accurate
The key point of true Journal of Sex Research.At present, domestic PM2.5 sicklies lack corresponding technical standard and unified instrument testing detection
Means so that domestic PM2.5 sicklies credibility is relatively low, and most of measurement data cannot get public acceptance, cause major part
PM2.5 monitoring stations select purchase foreign countries PM2.5 sicklies.So, it is badly in need of effective assay means and carrys out Comprehensive Assessment PM2.5
Sickle performance is good and bad.
In recent years, as country increases to the input of environmental protection industry (epi), the Study on Monitoring Technology of PM2.5 also increasingly starts to obtain
Pay attention to.What Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection implemented for 2011《HJ618-2011 surrounding air PM10With the gravimetry method of PM2.5》Property to sickle
Can make to be specified below:Sickle is to Particulate Air kinetics equivalent diameter corresponding when the cutting efficiency of particulate matter is 50%
D50Need to be in (2.5 ± 0.2) μ m.So, D50Uncertainty also just becomes an important index and cuts investigating PM2.5
Cutter cutting performance, but in prior art, do not have correlational study analysis.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is the assay method for providing PM2.5 sickle D50 uncertainties, and the method is simply just
Victory, can be analyzed measure exactly to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research, be met China
Magnitude tracing demand in PM2.5 sickle detection process, can provide reliable technical service for atmosphere environment supervision.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of survey using a kind of above-mentioned PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties
Determine the measurement system of method, described measurement system can be entered to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research
Quick and precisely analysis is determined row, is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can is atmospheric environment
Monitoring provides reliable technical service.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties, using PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices
Measuring and calculation is carried out to the average cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter standard particle to selected PM2.5 sicklies, and is fitted cutting
Efficiency standard property fitting curve;
The method for taking emphasis to take section fitting, centered on the focus point of whole cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve,
Take multiple experimental points before and after the focus point respectively, taken each experimental point is fitted and obtains linearity curve, by straight
Line regression analyses come determine gained linearity curve uncertainty, and then determine D50 uncertainty.
The assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties of the present invention is cut to PM2.5 using the method that emphasis takes section fitting
In cutter cutting characteristic research, the uncertainty of D50 has carried out analyzing evaluation, will be complicated cutting efficiency standard feature fitting bent
Line replaces with linearity curve, determined as linear regression analysis obtained by linearity curve uncertainty, and then determine D50 not
Degree of certainty, enormously simplify analytical calculation process, and the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research can be entered
Analysis is determined row exactly, is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be supervised for atmospheric environment
Survey and reliable technical service is provided.
Preferably, it is calculated as follows the cutting efficiency that different-grain diameter standard particle is obtained:
In formula:The aerosol particle diameter point of i ... ... generations;
The number of times of j ... ... each particle diameter point measurements;
N1ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration of PM2.5 sicklies upstream;
N2ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration in PM2.5 sicklies downstream;
ηij... ... the arresting efficiency of each particle diameter point single measurement;
The cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter point is calculated respectively by formula (1);
It is calculated as follows the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point:
In formula:... ... ... ... the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point.
Preferably, the equation of the cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve is:
Wherein, the value of a, b, c, d and e is directly determined by fitting.
Preferably, in cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, cutting efficiency is to take the experiment between 10%-90%
Point.
Preferably, the equation of the linearity curve is:
Y=ax+b;
Wherein, the value of a and b is directly determined by fitting.
Preferably, it is described to be included come the uncertainty of linearity curve obtained by determining as linear regression analysis:
Standard particle particle diameter and corresponding average cutting efficiency are substituted in be fitted linearity curve equation, is calculated and is returned
Standard deviation estimated value s:
In above formula, yiFor the corresponding cutting efficiency value of various criterion grain diameter;Be obtain from linearity curve and xi
Corresponding yiValue of calculation;N is testing time.
Preferably, so determine D50 uncertainty
Corresponding particle diameter x when cutting efficiency is 50% is calculated again0Standard deviation estimated value s (x0):
In above formula,It is the meansigma methodss for whole x values used by linear curve;It is the meansigma methodss of whole y values;y0
Represent that cutting efficiency is 50%;Slopes of the b for linearity curve;M is parallel testing number of times;
Afterwards, confidence level is chosen, looks into t-distribution table, determine degree of freedom, to D50Expanded uncertainty calculated.
Preferably, the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices for being adopted include that compressed air source unit, condensation aerosol occur
Device, exsiccator, electrostatic charge neutralization, mixing pipe, aerosol particle diameter spectrometer, air pump, the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve
With the 4th valve;
The outfan of the compressed air source unit is connected with the input of the condensation aerosol generator, and the atomization gas are molten
The outfan of generator is connected with the input of the exsiccator, the outfan of the exsiccator and the electrostatic charge neutralization
Input is connected, and the outfan of the electrostatic charge neutralization is connected with the input for mixing pipe;
It is described mix pipe outfan be connected with the input of first valve, the outfan of first valve with
The aerosol particle diameter spectrometer is connected;
The outfan for mixing pipe is also connected with the input of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected, the PM2.5 to be detected
The outfan of sickle is connected with the input of second valve, outfan and the aerosol particle of second valve
Footpath spectrometer is connected;
The input of first valve is also connected with the input of the 3rd valve, the output of the 3rd valve
End is connected with the input of the air pump;
The input of second valve is also connected with the input of the 4th valve, the output of the 4th valve
End is connected with the input of the air pump.
Preferably, the method for being detected using the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device, including following step
Suddenly:
Ultra-pure water and standard particle suspension is added into the condensation aerosol generator, to produce single dispersing invented solid gas
Sol particle, wherein, the standard particle containing various different-grain diameters in the standard particle supernatant liquid, and the mark of various different-grain diameters
The content of quasi- granule is definite value;
First valve and the 3rd valve is opened, after closing second valve and the 4th valve, is read
The aerosol particle number concentration value that the aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured;
Second valve and the 4th valve is opened, after closing first valve and the 3rd valve, is read
The aerosol particle number concentration value that the aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured.
Using a kind of measurement system of the assay method of above-mentioned PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties.
Measurement system of the present invention can carry out quick standard to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research
Really analysis is determined, and is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be provided for atmosphere environment supervision
Reliable technical service.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties of the present invention is cut to PM2.5 using the method that emphasis takes section fitting
In cutter cutting characteristic research, the uncertainty of D50 has carried out analyzing evaluation, will be complicated cutting efficiency standard feature fitting bent
Line replaces with linearity curve, determined as linear regression analysis obtained by linearity curve uncertainty, and then determine D50 not
Degree of certainty, enormously simplify analytical calculation process, and the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research can be entered
Analysis is determined row exactly, is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be supervised for atmospheric environment
Survey and reliable technical service is provided.
Measurement system of the present invention can carry out quick standard to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research
Really analysis is determined, and is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be provided for atmosphere environment supervision
Reliable technical service.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to concrete
Needed for embodiment or description of the prior art, accompanying drawing to be used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid
Put, can be with according to these other accompanying drawings of accompanying drawings acquisition.
Fig. 1 is the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device structural representations that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of compressed air source unit in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of mixing pipe in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the detection method of PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 5 is gained cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 6 is linear curve chart in gained cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Reference:100- compressed air source units;102- condensation aerosol generators;103- exsiccators;104- electrostatic charge neutralizations;
105- mixes pipe;106- aerosol particle diameter spectrometers;107- air pumps;The first valves of 108-;The second valves of 109-;The 3rd valves of 110-
Door;The 4th valves of 111-;112- mass flow controllers;113- air compressors;114- air accumulators;115- stage high-effectives are filtered
Device;116- freezer dryers;117- the first QI invigorating pipelines;118- the second QI invigorating pipelines;The 5th valves of 119-;The 6th valves of 120-
Door;121- inverted cone-shaped structures;122- stream splitters;123- QI invigorating end;124- PM2.5 sicklies to be detected;The 7th valves of 125-
Door.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but
It is rather than the whole it will be understood to those of skill in the art that following described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the invention
Embodiment, is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ability
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made by domain those of ordinary skill, belongs to guarantor of the present invention
The scope of shield.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer are carried out.Agents useful for same
Or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is the conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that term " " center ", " on ", D score, "left", "right", " vertical ",
The orientation of the instruction such as " level ", " interior ", " outward " or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, merely to
Be easy to description the present invention and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply indication device or element must have specific orientation,
With specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.Additionally, term " first ", " second ",
" the 3rd " is only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected;Can
Being to be mechanically connected, or electrically connect;Can be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in invention.
PM2.5 cutting characteristics detection means is mainly by gas source generator, atomizing generator, exsiccator, electrostatic neutralization
Device, mixing pipe, diverter, aerosol particle diameter spectrometer composition.The pure air of compression is formed monodispersed by atomizing generator
Polystyrene aerosol, through drying, destatics, and mixes in-line dilution is mixed, reaches uniform and stable state.Through diverter
After be divided into upstream and downstream two-way, upstream branch is directly connected to particle diameter spectrometer, and downstream first passes through and cuts equipped with PM2.5 to be measured
Device, is connected to particle diameter spectrometer, by switching solenoid valve door, so as to realize that particle diameter spectrometer alternately measures the aerosol in two-way
Grain number concentration.
Embodiment 1
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device,
Including compressed air source unit 100, condensation aerosol generator 102, exsiccator 103, electrostatic charge neutralization 104, mixing pipe 105, aerosol
Particle diameter spectrometer 106, air pump 107, the first valve 108, the second valve 109, the 3rd valve 110 and the 4th valve 111;Source of the gas is filled
Put 100 outfan to be connected with the input of condensation aerosol generator 102, specifically, the outfan of compressed air source unit 100
Fiveth valve 119 is communicated with and the input of condensation aerosol generator 102 between also;The outfan of the molten generator of atomization gas with
The input of exsiccator 103 is connected, and the outfan of exsiccator 103 is connected with the input of electrostatic charge neutralization 104, in electrostatic
It is connected with the input for mixing pipe 105 with the outfan of device 104;Mix the input of the outfan and the first valve 108 of pipe 105
End is connected, and the outfan of the first valve 108 is connected with aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106;Mix pipe 105 outfan also with treat
The input of detection PM2.5 sicklies is connected, the input of the outfan of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected and the second valve 109
It is connected, the outfan of the second valve 109 is connected with aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106;The input of the first valve 108 is also with
The input of three valves 110 is connected, and the outfan of the 3rd valve 110 is connected with the input of air pump 107, it is concrete and
Speech, the input of the first valve 108 are connected with the input of the 3rd valve 110 with the junction point of the outfan for mixing pipe 105;
The input of the second valve 109 is also connected with the input of the 4th valve 111, the outfan and air pump of the 4th valve 111
107 input is connected, specifically, the company of the input of the second valve 109 and the outfan of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected
Contact is connected with the input of the 4th valve 111.
In the embodiment, PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device also includes mass flow controller 112, air pump
107 input is connected with the outfan of mass flow controller 112, the outfan of the 4th valve 111, the 3rd valve 110
Outfan be connected with the input of mass flow controller 112 respectively.Specifically, the outfan of the 4th valve 111 with
The junction point of the outfan of the 3rd valve 110 is connected with the input of mass flow controller 112, mass flow controller
112 outfan is connected with the input of air pump 107.
In the embodiment, compressed air source unit 100 includes air compressor 113, air accumulator 114,115 and of stage high-effective filter
Freezer dryer 116, wherein, air compressor 113, air accumulator 114, stage high-effective filter 115 and freezer dryer 116 according to
Secondary connection, and freezer dryer 116 is also connected with condensation aerosol generator 102.
Specifically, the outfan of air compressor 113 is connected with the input of air accumulator 114, air accumulator 114 it is defeated
Go out end to be connected with the input of stage high-effective filter 115, the outfan and freezer dryer of stage high-effective filter 115
116 input is connected, and the outfan of freezer dryer 116 is connected with the input of condensation aerosol generator 102.It is empty
Air compressor 113 is compressed to air in air accumulator 114, obtains particle diameter less than 0.3 μm Jing after stage high-effective filter 115 is filtered
Clean gas source, hydrous matter in clean gas source is first frozen into solid-state by freezer dryer 116 so as in moisture from solid-state liter
Into gaseous state, so as to reach dry purpose, wherein, it is 1.5m that freezer dryer 116 processes tolerance for China3/min。
In the embodiment, baroceptor is installed on air accumulator 114, for detecting the pressure of gas in air accumulator 114.
PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device also includes controller, air compressor 113, freezer dryer 116, air pump 107
It is electrically connected with the controller respectively.The gas pressure intensity in air accumulator 114 can be made by baroceptor to control the scope in setting
It is interior, continual and steady source of the gas is provided for follow-up process.Detailed process is:Air accumulator 114 and air compressor 113 have automatic
Regulatory function, when the pressure in air accumulator 114 reaches 0.6MPa, baroceptor sends pressure information, control to controller
After device receives the pressure information of baroceptor transmission, air compressor 113 is made to quit work, so as to ensure air accumulator 114
Pressure be in safety range.As continuing on for source of the gas, the pressure in air accumulator 114 are gradually reduced, work as baroceptor
When detecting the air pressure pressure in air accumulator 114 and dropping to 0.4MPa, baroceptor sends pressure information, controller to controller
After receiving the pressure information of baroceptor transmission, make air compressor 113 rework, continue the dry clean gas of manufacture
Body, continually provide stable source of the gas for follow-up process so as to can guarantee that.
In the embodiment, first between the input of the outfan of compressed air source unit 100 and electrostatic charge neutralization 104, is also communicated with
QI invigorating pipeline 117, can directly input clean source of the gas in first electrostatic charge neutralization 104 by the first QI invigorating pipeline 117, with diluent gas
In particle concentration.The 6th valve 120 is provided with first QI invigorating pipeline 117.
In the embodiment, the top for mixing pipe 105 has inverted cone-shaped structure 121, and the input for mixing pipe 105 is located at back taper
The end of shape structure 121.
Specifically, the second QI invigorating pipeline 118, wherein, source of the gas are also communicated between compressed air source unit 100 and mixing pipe 105
The outfan of device 100 is connected with one end of the second QI invigorating pipeline 118, the other end and the mixing pipe 105 of the second QI invigorating pipeline 118
QI invigorating end 123 be connected, and QI invigorating end is extend at the conical surface of inverted cone-shaped structure 121, for making from the second QI invigorating pipeline 118
The gas of outflow flows along the conical surface of inverted cone-shaped structure 121.The input of the first valve 108, PM2.5 sicklies to be detected it is defeated
Enter end to be connected with the outfan for mixing pipe 105 by stream splitter 122.The 7th is provided with second QI invigorating pipeline 118
Valve.
By detecting test, when the length for mixing pipe 105 is 100mm, the aerosol on the cross section of mixing pipe 105
Volume fraction just no longer changes.With the increase of distance, the volume fraction on each section keeps constant.Illustrate aerosol
Can be achieved with being thoroughly mixed in very short distance with the diluent gas entered from QI invigorating end.
In the embodiment, silica gel in exsiccator 103, is filled with;Electrostatic charge neutralization 104 is aerosol electrostatic averager.Atomization
The single dispersing solid aerosol granule of the generation that generator is produced, each granule are surrounded by 5 hydrones, cause the aggregation of granule
And adhere on tube wall, therefore using the exsiccator 103 filled with silica gel, can effectively remove moisture removal.And tied through gas
After exsiccator 103, drying effect can reach 99.5%, and monodisperse aerosol is dried very much, and the particle used in testing
1.5 μm~4.5 μm of footpath scope, grain diameter is less, easily produces electrostatic, and charged single dispersing solid aerosol granule can be inhaled
It is attached on tube wall, causes damage, affects detection aerosol particle number concentration value, and aerosol electrostatic averager can process solid
Body or liquid aersol, particle size range are 0.1 μm~150 μm, and its principle for destaticing is:Aerosol is entered in aerosol electrostatic
Mixing with device is indoor, after being sufficiently mixed with the charged clean gas entered from the first QI invigorating pipeline 117, eliminates granule attached
The electrostatic.
In the embodiment, stage high-effective filter 115 is HEPA filters.
In the embodiment, the first valve 108, the second valve 109, the 3rd valve 110 and the 4th valve 111 are electromagnetism
Valve;5th valve 119, the 6th valve 120 and the 7th valve are electromagnetic valve, and electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller.By adopting
Electromagnetic valve, can reduce impact of the anthropic factor to time of measuring as far as possible.
In the embodiment, require that the source of the gas after process should not be containing more than 0.3 μm particulate matter according to detection;Therefore, lead to
The source of the gas particle diameter distribution experiment crossed after 106 detection process of aerosol particle diameter spectrometer.Aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 is to adopt light scattering
Principle measures the typical instrument of aerosol particle sub-count, measures 0.3 μm -20 μm of particle size range.
Remove condensation aerosol generator 102, the outfan of freezer dryer 116 is directly connected to into exsiccator 103
Input, through electrostatic charge neutralization 104, after mixing pipe 105, into aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106.Gas is full of gas circuit, ventilation
Half an hour, removal attach the residual particles in tube wall, measure particle counting in now source of the gas using aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106
Concentration.Test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 is more than 0.3 μm particle concentration in clean gas source
Pendulous frequency | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
More than 0.3 μm particle concentration | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
As can be seen from Table 1, filtered clean gas meet EPA and environmental protection standard in China and source of the gas particulate matter are contained
The requirement of amount.
In the embodiment, in the cutting characteristic detection process of PM2.5 sicklies, Polystyrene suspension, i.e. standard
Grain suspension, is dispersed in ultra-pure water, so containing firstly the need of particulate matter in ultra-pure water is tested using aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106
Amount, the particulate matter tested with the presence or absence of impact in verifying ultra-pure water.
20mL ultra-pure waters are only added in condensation aerosol generator 102, then pass to dry clean gas, Jing Guogan
After dry device 103, electrostatic charge neutralization 104, mixing pipe 105, into aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106.Result such as 2 institute of table that test is 8 times
Show.
Table 2 is particulate count range estimation examination (test volume 15cm in ultra-pure water3)
Number of times | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Total particulate matter number | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the particulate matter number for containing in ultra-pure water does not almost have, relative to the polystyrene of high concentration
Aerosol number is negligible.Ultra-pure water can be used as the disperse medium of the suspension of condensation aerosol generator 102.
The volume flow of atomizing generator is controlled by the size of the pressure of the gas in control air accumulator 114, Jing is surveyed
When examination obtains pressure between 0.5psi and 20psi, corresponding volume flow is 2lpm and 20lpm.In this flow rate zone, pin
The standard particle of fixed volume, Jing aerosol particle diameters spectrometer 106 is added to detect different-grain diameter3,
Meet EPA to detecting the requirement of aerosol concentration.
Embodiment 2
Shown in Figure 4, the embodiment of the present invention two provides the PM2.5 cutter cuts described in a kind of use embodiment one
The detection method of characteristic detection device, the detection method are comprised the following steps:
Step 200, adds ultra-pure water and standard particle supernatant liquid, into condensation aerosol generator 102 to produce single dispersing
Solid aerosol granule, wherein, the standard particle containing various different-grain diameters in standard particle supernatant liquid, and various different-grain diameters
The content of standard particle is definite value;
Specifically, in the embodiment, 8 kinds of equivalent aerodynamic particle size range of the prior art are adopted for (1.5-
μm 4.0) standard particle.The content of the standard particle of every kind of different-grain diameter is definite value.
Step 201, opens the first valve 108 and the 3rd valve 110, after closing the second valve 109 and the 4th valve 111,
Read the aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 is measured;
Step 202, opens the second valve 109 and the 4th valve 111, after closing the first valve 108 and the 3rd valve 110,
Read the aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 is measured;
Step 203, finally, according to the aerosol particle number concentration value measured under two states, analysis draws PM2.5
Whether cutter cuts characteristic meets the requirements.
Specifically, by aerosol particle number concentration under alternately measurement two states, different aerodynamic are obtained
The corresponding different arresting efficiency of granule of equivalent diameter;Then with a diameter of abscissa of equivalent aerodynamic, to trap effect
Rate is vertical coordinate, sets up rectangular coordinate system, and the cutting characteristic for obtaining PM2.5 sicklies using the fitting of TableCurve2D softwares is bent
Line, and by analyzing the D50 and geometric standard deviation of cutting characteristic curve, judge whether the cutting performance of PM2.5 sicklies accords with
Close relevant criterion to require, wherein, D50 represents sickle to when the arresting efficiency of particulate matter is 50%, corresponding Particulate Air
Kinetics equivalent diameter, unit for μm.
Embodiment 3
Using above-mentioned PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices, first by particle diameter different standard particle (polyphenyl second
Alkene granule) it is atomized as single dispersing solid aerosol respectively.Through drying, destatic, mix in-line dilution is mixed, reach stable
State.Then, add the PM2.5 sicklies chosen in gas circuit, PM2.5 is alternately determined by real-time aerosol particle diameter spectrometer and is cut
Cutter upstream and the aerosol particle number in PM2.5 sicklies downstream, remember N respectively1iAnd N2i.Until the atomization list of different-grain diameter
Disperse solid aerosol particle is completed and obtains N1ijAnd N2ij.Repetitive operation three times, is calculated as follows
With the cutting efficiency of size grade scale granule:
In formula:The aerosol particle diameter point (different-grain diameter number, i are positive integer) of i ... ... generations;
The number of times (j is positive integer) of j ... ... each particle diameter point measurements;
N1ij... solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration (number concentration value) of PM2.5 sicklies upstream;
N2ij... solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration (number concentration value) in PM2.5 sicklies downstream;
ηij... ... the arresting efficiency of each particle diameter point single measurement;
The cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter point is calculated respectively by formula (1);
It is calculated as follows the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point:
In formula:... ... ... ... the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point.
Again using resulting average cutting efficiency numerical value as vertical coordinate, its corresponding standard particle particle diameter is used as horizontal seat
Mark, fits corresponding cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve.Thus cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, you can counter to push away
Obtain corresponding particle size values under the conditions of related cutting efficiency.
Pass through be fitted cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve and can be seen that (as shown in table 3), with the increasing of particle diameter
Greatly, the cutting efficiency of PM2.5 is being gradually lowered.This is because grain diameter is bigger, inertia is also bigger, during air motion
It is easier to impinge upon on entrapment plate or be trapped within settling pit and deposit;And particle diameter is less, will easily with air motion
Pass through.
Cutting efficiency under the conditions of 3 different-grain diameter of table
Further according to obtained by above-mentioned fitting experimental data, cutting efficiency standard feature fit curve equation is:
In formula, a=99.418;B=-98.304;C=2.493;D=0.268;E=2.513.It can be seen that this cutting effect
Rate standard feature fit curve equation is excessively complicated, the method analyzed using conventional regression, directly effectively can't evaluate
Analyze its related uncertainty.
PM2.5 sicklies performance is good and bad will to be evaluated by the uncertainty of investigation D50, i.e., cutting efficiency is 50% when institute
The uncertainty of corresponding diameter of particle.By carrying out observation analysis to the matched curve of cutting efficiency standard feature (such as Fig. 5 institutes
Show), it is found that the linear character of cutting efficiency this section of curve (accounting for most of in the middle of whole characteristic curve) between 10%-90% is bright
It is aobvious.And shrink toward at its focus point, linear character is more obvious.And D50 points are exactly the focus point of characteristic curve.With
Centered on D50, upper and lower extension several experimental points are made corresponding linear curve, are evaluated the straight line by linear regression analysis
Uncertainty, and then determine key point D50 uncertainty.
Corresponding experimental point, i.e., the microgranule corresponding to different cutting efficiencies is marked in cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve
Particle diameter, as shown in Figure 6.Centered on intermediate point (D50), two ends extension curve obtained linear character is obvious, so taking middle five
Individual experimental point is parameter (underscore part in table 3), method of least square of sampling, and obtains dependent linearity curvilinear equation as linearity curve
For:
Y=288.436-96.054x (4)
The correlation coefficient of gained linearity curve is 0.993, illustrates that linear character is good.(the cutting efficiency as y0=50
For 50%) bring into equation (4) x0=2.482, i.e. D50 coordinates for (2.482,50), and the focus point of whole linearity curve.
And in linearity curve uncertainty is investigated, be more proximate at focus point, the precision of data uncertainty is also higher.So,
On the basis of the linearity curve after linear regression, can the effective uncertainty of analyzing evaluation D50.
First relevant experimental data in table 3 is substituted in be fitted linearity curve equation (4), the standard deviation for returning is calculated
Difference estimated value s:
In above formula, yiFor the corresponding cutting efficiency value of various criterion grain diameter;Be obtain from linearity curve and xi
Corresponding yiValue of calculation;N is testing time.
Corresponding particle diameter x when cutting efficiency is 50% is calculated again0Standard deviation estimated value s (x0):
In above formula,It is the meansigma methodss for whole x values used by linear curve;It is the meansigma methodss of whole y values;y0
Represent that cutting efficiency is 50%;Slopes of the b for linearity curve;M is parallel testing number of times;
As cutting efficiency y0When=50%, substitute into linearity curve equation (4) and understand correspondence diameter of particle x0=2.482 μm, its
Expanded uncertainty be expressed as U (50).Confidence level p=95% (level of significance α=0.05) is chosen, t-distribution table is looked into, freely
Degree v=n-2, obtains t95(13)=1.771.So, D50Expanded uncertainty U95(50)=t95(13)×s(x0)=1.771 ×
0.02469=0.012133006 μm.I.e.:D50=(2.482 ± 0.012) μm.
Further show that PM2.5 cutter cuts efficiency is 16% respectively by Fig. 2 linearity curves, 50% is corresponding with when 84%
Mass aerodynamic diameter be respectively:D16=2.828 μm and D84=2.122 μm.According to U.S. EPA relevant regulations, cutting
Characteristic geometric standard deviation (GSD) can be calculated as:
According to U.S. EPA and China environmental protection regulation《HJ618-2011 surrounding air PM10With the gravimetry of PM2.5
Method》Require:D50=(2.5 ± 0.2) μm, geometric standard deviation GSD=1.2 ± 0.1.To sum up discussion result can be seen that this problem
Gained D50=(2.482 ± 0.057) μm, GSD=1.154 are satisfied by U.S. EPA and China environmental protection laws and regulations requirement.
The present invention is by D50 analyzing and evaluating uncertainties, and then realizes good and bad to PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic
Evaluation.The method that emphasis takes section fitting is taken during D50 analyzing and evaluating uncertainties of the present invention, with whole cutting efficiency mark
Centered on the focus point of quasi- property fitting curve, limited experimentation point is respectively taken up and down, the song obtained to the fitting of taken serial experiment point
Line is linearly good.Further by linear regression processing, linearity curve is obtained, linear character is projected, correlation coefficient is close to 1.
Illustrating, the method that effectively section linear regression analysis can be taken using emphasis is analyzed evaluation to the uncertainty of D50.The present invention
Method disclosure satisfy that the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, and can provide for atmosphere environment supervision can
The technical service leaned on.
Although with specific embodiment illustrate and describing the present invention, but it will be appreciated that various embodiments above is only used
To illustrate technical scheme, rather than a limitation;It will be understood by those within the art that:Without departing substantially from this
In the case of bright spirit and scope, the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, or to wherein
Some or all of technical characteristic carries out equivalent;And these modifications or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution
Depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme;It is, therefore, intended that including in the following claims belonging to the present invention
In the range of all these substitutions and modifications.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties, it is characterised in that using PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristics
Detection means carries out measuring and calculation to selected PM2.5 sicklies to the average cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter standard particle, and
Fitting cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve;
The method for taking emphasis to take section fitting, centered on the focus point of whole cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, in institute
That states focus point takes multiple experimental points in front and back respectively, taken each experimental point is fitted and obtains linearity curve, is returned by straight line
Return analysis to determine the uncertainty of gained linearity curve, and then determine the uncertainty of D50.
2. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by such as
Lower formula calculates the cutting efficiency that different-grain diameter standard particle is obtained:
In formula:The aerosol particle diameter point of i ... ... generations;
The number of times of j ... ... each particle diameter point measurements;
N1ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration of PM2.5 sicklies upstream;
N2ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration in PM2.5 sicklies downstream;
ηij... ... the arresting efficiency of each particle diameter point single measurement;
The cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter point is calculated respectively by formula (1);
It is calculated as follows the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point:
In formula:... ... ... ... the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point.
3. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The equation of cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve is:
Wherein, the value of a, b, c, d and e is directly determined by fitting.
4. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cutting
In cutting efficiency standard property fitting curve, cutting efficiency is to take the experimental point between 10%-90%.
5. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The equation of linearity curve is:
Y=ax+b;
Wherein, the value of a and b is directly determined by fitting.
6. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Obtained by being determined as linear regression analysis, the uncertainty of linearity curve includes:
Standard particle particle diameter and corresponding average cutting efficiency are substituted in be fitted linearity curve equation, the mark for returning is calculated
Quasi- estimation of deviation value s:
In above formula, yiFor the corresponding cutting efficiency value of various criterion grain diameter;Be obtain from linearity curve and xiCorrespondence
YiValue of calculation;N is testing time.
7. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that and then
Determine the uncertainty of D50
Corresponding particle diameter x when cutting efficiency is 50% is calculated again0Standard deviation estimated value s (x0):
In above formula,It is the meansigma methodss for whole x values used by linear curve;It is the meansigma methodss of whole y values;y0Represent
Cutting efficiency is 50%;Slopes of the b for linearity curve;M is parallel testing number of times;
Afterwards, confidence level is chosen, looks into t-distribution table, determine degree of freedom, to D50Expanded uncertainty calculated.
8. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that adopted
PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices include compressed air source unit, condensation aerosol generator, exsiccator, electrostatic neutralization
Device, mixing pipe, aerosol particle diameter spectrometer, air pump, the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve and the 4th valve;
The outfan of the compressed air source unit is connected with the input of the condensation aerosol generator, the molten generation of the atomization gas
The outfan of device is connected with the input of the exsiccator, the input of the outfan of the exsiccator and the electrostatic charge neutralization
End is connected, and the outfan of the electrostatic charge neutralization is connected with the input for mixing pipe;
It is described mix pipe outfan be connected with the input of first valve, the outfan of first valve with it is described
Aerosol particle diameter spectrometer is connected;
The outfan for mixing pipe is also connected with the input of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected, the PM2.5 cuttings to be detected
The outfan of device is connected with the input of second valve, the outfan of second valve and the aerosol Size
Instrument is connected;
The input of first valve is also connected with the input of the 3rd valve, the outfan of the 3rd valve with
The input of the air pump is connected;
The input of second valve is also connected with the input of the 4th valve, the outfan of the 4th valve with
The input of the air pump is connected.
9. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 8, it is characterised in that adopt
The method detected by the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device, comprises the steps:
Ultra-pure water and standard particle suspension is added into the condensation aerosol generator, to produce single dispersing solid aerosol
Granule, wherein, the standard particle containing various different-grain diameters in the standard particle supernatant liquid, and the standard of various different-grain diameters
The content of grain is definite value;
First valve and the 3rd valve is opened, after closing second valve and the 4th valve, is read described
The aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured;
Second valve and the 4th valve is opened, after closing first valve and the 3rd valve, is read described
The aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured.
10. using a kind of assay method of the PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties described in claim 1-9 any claim
Measurement system.
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CN107271345A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-10-20 | 中国食品药品检定研究院 | A kind of two method combined calibrating oxygen transit dose standard films and preparation method thereof |
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CN106525679A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-22 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Method and system for measuring D50 uncertainty of PM2.5 cutter |
CN107421863A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | It is a kind of to combine the PM that monodisperse aerosol occurs1Cutting head Performance Test System |
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CN112229772A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-15 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Radioactive aerosol source preparation system |
CN111965083A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-20 | 青岛市计量技术研究院 | Particulate matter calibration system |
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CN107271345A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-10-20 | 中国食品药品检定研究院 | A kind of two method combined calibrating oxygen transit dose standard films and preparation method thereof |
CN113310856A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 常熟理工学院 | Particulate matter generation method and device of heat flow generator for thermal vibration test |
CN113635383A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-12 | 北京九州鹏跃科技有限公司 | Aerosol cutter |
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