CN106525679A - Method and system for measuring D50 uncertainty of PM2.5 cutter - Google Patents

Method and system for measuring D50 uncertainty of PM2.5 cutter Download PDF

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CN106525679A
CN106525679A CN201611163927.2A CN201611163927A CN106525679A CN 106525679 A CN106525679 A CN 106525679A CN 201611163927 A CN201611163927 A CN 201611163927A CN 106525679 A CN106525679 A CN 106525679A
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valve
sicklies
input
cutting efficiency
outfan
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张文阁
许潇
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National Institute of Metrology
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National Institute of Metrology
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Priority to CN201611163927.2A priority Critical patent/CN106525679A/en
Publication of CN106525679A publication Critical patent/CN106525679A/en
Priority to CN201710416703.6A priority patent/CN107192648B/en
Priority to CN201720651780.5U priority patent/CN206740587U/en
Priority to CN201710421099.6A priority patent/CN107192644A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for measuring D50 uncertainty of a PM2.5 cutter. The method for measuring the D50 uncertainty of the PM2.5 cutter comprises the following steps: analyzing and evaluating the D50 uncertainty in a cutting feature research of the PM2.5 cutter by an emphasis section-taking fitting method; replacing a complex cutting efficiency standard feature fitting curve with a linear curve; measuring the uncertainty of the obtained linear curve through linear regression analysis in order to determine the D50 uncertainty. By adopting the method and the system, the analysis-calculation process is simplified greatly, the D50 uncertainty in the cutting feature research of the PM2.5 cutter can be accurately analyzed and measured, the demand on the traceability of value in a detection process of the PM2.5 cutter in China is met, and a reliable technical service can be provided for atmospheric environment monitoring.

Description

The assay method of PM2.5 sickle D50 uncertainties and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to Detection of Air Quality method and technology field, in particular to a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 not The assay method of degree of certainty and system.
Background technology
PM2.5 is particulate matter of the aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in air, can also referred to as enter lung granule Thing.PM2.5 particle diameters are little, and time of staying length rich in substantial amounts of poisonous and harmful substances and in an atmosphere, fed distance are remote, thus Impact to health and atmosphere quality is bigger.PM2.5 particulate matters are used as the primary pollutant of China's air pollution. PM2.5 is monitored and is effectively administered, and is the important goal of Ministry of Environmental Protection's door and national government.Currently, from country to place, From environmental conservation, environmental monitoring department, to measurement technology supervisory organs at different levels, PM2.5 association area research works are all extremely paid close attention to Make.With HJ618-2011《Surrounding air PM10With the bioassay standard of PM2.5》、GB3095-《Ambient air quality》Issue Cloth is implemented, and the monitoring of PM2.5 particulate matter quality concentration has become the most important thing of government work.
And PM2.5 measuring instruments are the indispensable handss for PM2.5 particle monitorings, evaluation indoor and outdoor air quality in air Section, the quality of its metering performance will be directly connected to the reliability of Monitoring Data.PM2.5 measuring instruments are by sampling apparatuses, granule point From device (PM2.5 sicklies) and test and three part of data handling system composition.Wherein, PM2.5 sicklies are PM2.5 measuring instruments The core devices of device, determine the size for collecting particulate matter, and PM2.5 cutter cuts Characteristics Detections are that PM2.5 monitoring results are accurate The key point of true Journal of Sex Research.At present, domestic PM2.5 sicklies lack corresponding technical standard and unified instrument testing detection Means so that domestic PM2.5 sicklies credibility is relatively low, and most of measurement data cannot get public acceptance, cause major part PM2.5 monitoring stations select purchase foreign countries PM2.5 sicklies.So, it is badly in need of effective assay means and carrys out Comprehensive Assessment PM2.5 Sickle performance is good and bad.
In recent years, as country increases to the input of environmental protection industry (epi), the Study on Monitoring Technology of PM2.5 also increasingly starts to obtain Pay attention to.What Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection implemented for 2011《HJ618-2011 surrounding air PM10With the gravimetry method of PM2.5》Property to sickle Can make to be specified below:Sickle is to Particulate Air kinetics equivalent diameter corresponding when the cutting efficiency of particulate matter is 50% D50Need to be in (2.5 ± 0.2) μ m.So, D50Uncertainty also just becomes an important index and cuts investigating PM2.5 Cutter cutting performance, but in prior art, do not have correlational study analysis.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is the assay method for providing PM2.5 sickle D50 uncertainties, and the method is simply just Victory, can be analyzed measure exactly to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research, be met China Magnitude tracing demand in PM2.5 sickle detection process, can provide reliable technical service for atmosphere environment supervision.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of survey using a kind of above-mentioned PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties Determine the measurement system of method, described measurement system can be entered to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research Quick and precisely analysis is determined row, is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can is atmospheric environment Monitoring provides reliable technical service.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties, using PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices Measuring and calculation is carried out to the average cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter standard particle to selected PM2.5 sicklies, and is fitted cutting Efficiency standard property fitting curve;
The method for taking emphasis to take section fitting, centered on the focus point of whole cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, Take multiple experimental points before and after the focus point respectively, taken each experimental point is fitted and obtains linearity curve, by straight Line regression analyses come determine gained linearity curve uncertainty, and then determine D50 uncertainty.
The assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties of the present invention is cut to PM2.5 using the method that emphasis takes section fitting In cutter cutting characteristic research, the uncertainty of D50 has carried out analyzing evaluation, will be complicated cutting efficiency standard feature fitting bent Line replaces with linearity curve, determined as linear regression analysis obtained by linearity curve uncertainty, and then determine D50 not Degree of certainty, enormously simplify analytical calculation process, and the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research can be entered Analysis is determined row exactly, is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be supervised for atmospheric environment Survey and reliable technical service is provided.
Preferably, it is calculated as follows the cutting efficiency that different-grain diameter standard particle is obtained:
In formula:The aerosol particle diameter point of i ... ... generations;
The number of times of j ... ... each particle diameter point measurements;
N1ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration of PM2.5 sicklies upstream;
N2ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration in PM2.5 sicklies downstream;
ηij... ... the arresting efficiency of each particle diameter point single measurement;
The cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter point is calculated respectively by formula (1);
It is calculated as follows the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point:
In formula:... ... ... ... the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point.
Preferably, the equation of the cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve is:
Wherein, the value of a, b, c, d and e is directly determined by fitting.
Preferably, in cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, cutting efficiency is to take the experiment between 10%-90% Point.
Preferably, the equation of the linearity curve is:
Y=ax+b;
Wherein, the value of a and b is directly determined by fitting.
Preferably, it is described to be included come the uncertainty of linearity curve obtained by determining as linear regression analysis:
Standard particle particle diameter and corresponding average cutting efficiency are substituted in be fitted linearity curve equation, is calculated and is returned Standard deviation estimated value s:
In above formula, yiFor the corresponding cutting efficiency value of various criterion grain diameter;Be obtain from linearity curve and xi Corresponding yiValue of calculation;N is testing time.
Preferably, so determine D50 uncertainty
Corresponding particle diameter x when cutting efficiency is 50% is calculated again0Standard deviation estimated value s (x0):
In above formula,It is the meansigma methodss for whole x values used by linear curve;It is the meansigma methodss of whole y values;y0 Represent that cutting efficiency is 50%;Slopes of the b for linearity curve;M is parallel testing number of times;
Afterwards, confidence level is chosen, looks into t-distribution table, determine degree of freedom, to D50Expanded uncertainty calculated.
Preferably, the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices for being adopted include that compressed air source unit, condensation aerosol occur Device, exsiccator, electrostatic charge neutralization, mixing pipe, aerosol particle diameter spectrometer, air pump, the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve With the 4th valve;
The outfan of the compressed air source unit is connected with the input of the condensation aerosol generator, and the atomization gas are molten The outfan of generator is connected with the input of the exsiccator, the outfan of the exsiccator and the electrostatic charge neutralization Input is connected, and the outfan of the electrostatic charge neutralization is connected with the input for mixing pipe;
It is described mix pipe outfan be connected with the input of first valve, the outfan of first valve with The aerosol particle diameter spectrometer is connected;
The outfan for mixing pipe is also connected with the input of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected, the PM2.5 to be detected The outfan of sickle is connected with the input of second valve, outfan and the aerosol particle of second valve Footpath spectrometer is connected;
The input of first valve is also connected with the input of the 3rd valve, the output of the 3rd valve End is connected with the input of the air pump;
The input of second valve is also connected with the input of the 4th valve, the output of the 4th valve End is connected with the input of the air pump.
Preferably, the method for being detected using the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device, including following step Suddenly:
Ultra-pure water and standard particle suspension is added into the condensation aerosol generator, to produce single dispersing invented solid gas Sol particle, wherein, the standard particle containing various different-grain diameters in the standard particle supernatant liquid, and the mark of various different-grain diameters The content of quasi- granule is definite value;
First valve and the 3rd valve is opened, after closing second valve and the 4th valve, is read The aerosol particle number concentration value that the aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured;
Second valve and the 4th valve is opened, after closing first valve and the 3rd valve, is read The aerosol particle number concentration value that the aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured.
Using a kind of measurement system of the assay method of above-mentioned PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties.
Measurement system of the present invention can carry out quick standard to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research Really analysis is determined, and is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be provided for atmosphere environment supervision Reliable technical service.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties of the present invention is cut to PM2.5 using the method that emphasis takes section fitting In cutter cutting characteristic research, the uncertainty of D50 has carried out analyzing evaluation, will be complicated cutting efficiency standard feature fitting bent Line replaces with linearity curve, determined as linear regression analysis obtained by linearity curve uncertainty, and then determine D50 not Degree of certainty, enormously simplify analytical calculation process, and the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research can be entered Analysis is determined row exactly, is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be supervised for atmospheric environment Survey and reliable technical service is provided.
Measurement system of the present invention can carry out quick standard to the uncertainty of D50 in PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic research Really analysis is determined, and is met the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, can be provided for atmosphere environment supervision Reliable technical service.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to concrete Needed for embodiment or description of the prior art, accompanying drawing to be used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, in describing below Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid Put, can be with according to these other accompanying drawings of accompanying drawings acquisition.
Fig. 1 is the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device structural representations that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is provided;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of compressed air source unit in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of mixing pipe in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the detection method of PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 5 is gained cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 6 is linear curve chart in gained cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Reference:100- compressed air source units;102- condensation aerosol generators;103- exsiccators;104- electrostatic charge neutralizations; 105- mixes pipe;106- aerosol particle diameter spectrometers;107- air pumps;The first valves of 108-;The second valves of 109-;The 3rd valves of 110- Door;The 4th valves of 111-;112- mass flow controllers;113- air compressors;114- air accumulators;115- stage high-effectives are filtered Device;116- freezer dryers;117- the first QI invigorating pipelines;118- the second QI invigorating pipelines;The 5th valves of 119-;The 6th valves of 120- Door;121- inverted cone-shaped structures;122- stream splitters;123- QI invigorating end;124- PM2.5 sicklies to be detected;The 7th valves of 125- Door.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but It is rather than the whole it will be understood to those of skill in the art that following described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the invention Embodiment, is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ability The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made by domain those of ordinary skill, belongs to guarantor of the present invention The scope of shield.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer are carried out.Agents useful for same Or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is the conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that term " " center ", " on ", D score, "left", "right", " vertical ", The orientation of the instruction such as " level ", " interior ", " outward " or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, merely to Be easy to description the present invention and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply indication device or element must have specific orientation, With specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.Additionally, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " is only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected;Can Being to be mechanically connected, or electrically connect;Can be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition Concrete meaning in invention.
PM2.5 cutting characteristics detection means is mainly by gas source generator, atomizing generator, exsiccator, electrostatic neutralization Device, mixing pipe, diverter, aerosol particle diameter spectrometer composition.The pure air of compression is formed monodispersed by atomizing generator Polystyrene aerosol, through drying, destatics, and mixes in-line dilution is mixed, reaches uniform and stable state.Through diverter After be divided into upstream and downstream two-way, upstream branch is directly connected to particle diameter spectrometer, and downstream first passes through and cuts equipped with PM2.5 to be measured Device, is connected to particle diameter spectrometer, by switching solenoid valve door, so as to realize that particle diameter spectrometer alternately measures the aerosol in two-way Grain number concentration.
Embodiment 1
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device, Including compressed air source unit 100, condensation aerosol generator 102, exsiccator 103, electrostatic charge neutralization 104, mixing pipe 105, aerosol Particle diameter spectrometer 106, air pump 107, the first valve 108, the second valve 109, the 3rd valve 110 and the 4th valve 111;Source of the gas is filled Put 100 outfan to be connected with the input of condensation aerosol generator 102, specifically, the outfan of compressed air source unit 100 Fiveth valve 119 is communicated with and the input of condensation aerosol generator 102 between also;The outfan of the molten generator of atomization gas with The input of exsiccator 103 is connected, and the outfan of exsiccator 103 is connected with the input of electrostatic charge neutralization 104, in electrostatic It is connected with the input for mixing pipe 105 with the outfan of device 104;Mix the input of the outfan and the first valve 108 of pipe 105 End is connected, and the outfan of the first valve 108 is connected with aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106;Mix pipe 105 outfan also with treat The input of detection PM2.5 sicklies is connected, the input of the outfan of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected and the second valve 109 It is connected, the outfan of the second valve 109 is connected with aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106;The input of the first valve 108 is also with The input of three valves 110 is connected, and the outfan of the 3rd valve 110 is connected with the input of air pump 107, it is concrete and Speech, the input of the first valve 108 are connected with the input of the 3rd valve 110 with the junction point of the outfan for mixing pipe 105; The input of the second valve 109 is also connected with the input of the 4th valve 111, the outfan and air pump of the 4th valve 111 107 input is connected, specifically, the company of the input of the second valve 109 and the outfan of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected Contact is connected with the input of the 4th valve 111.
In the embodiment, PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device also includes mass flow controller 112, air pump 107 input is connected with the outfan of mass flow controller 112, the outfan of the 4th valve 111, the 3rd valve 110 Outfan be connected with the input of mass flow controller 112 respectively.Specifically, the outfan of the 4th valve 111 with The junction point of the outfan of the 3rd valve 110 is connected with the input of mass flow controller 112, mass flow controller 112 outfan is connected with the input of air pump 107.
In the embodiment, compressed air source unit 100 includes air compressor 113, air accumulator 114,115 and of stage high-effective filter Freezer dryer 116, wherein, air compressor 113, air accumulator 114, stage high-effective filter 115 and freezer dryer 116 according to Secondary connection, and freezer dryer 116 is also connected with condensation aerosol generator 102.
Specifically, the outfan of air compressor 113 is connected with the input of air accumulator 114, air accumulator 114 it is defeated Go out end to be connected with the input of stage high-effective filter 115, the outfan and freezer dryer of stage high-effective filter 115 116 input is connected, and the outfan of freezer dryer 116 is connected with the input of condensation aerosol generator 102.It is empty Air compressor 113 is compressed to air in air accumulator 114, obtains particle diameter less than 0.3 μm Jing after stage high-effective filter 115 is filtered Clean gas source, hydrous matter in clean gas source is first frozen into solid-state by freezer dryer 116 so as in moisture from solid-state liter Into gaseous state, so as to reach dry purpose, wherein, it is 1.5m that freezer dryer 116 processes tolerance for China3/min。
In the embodiment, baroceptor is installed on air accumulator 114, for detecting the pressure of gas in air accumulator 114. PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device also includes controller, air compressor 113, freezer dryer 116, air pump 107 It is electrically connected with the controller respectively.The gas pressure intensity in air accumulator 114 can be made by baroceptor to control the scope in setting It is interior, continual and steady source of the gas is provided for follow-up process.Detailed process is:Air accumulator 114 and air compressor 113 have automatic Regulatory function, when the pressure in air accumulator 114 reaches 0.6MPa, baroceptor sends pressure information, control to controller After device receives the pressure information of baroceptor transmission, air compressor 113 is made to quit work, so as to ensure air accumulator 114 Pressure be in safety range.As continuing on for source of the gas, the pressure in air accumulator 114 are gradually reduced, work as baroceptor When detecting the air pressure pressure in air accumulator 114 and dropping to 0.4MPa, baroceptor sends pressure information, controller to controller After receiving the pressure information of baroceptor transmission, make air compressor 113 rework, continue the dry clean gas of manufacture Body, continually provide stable source of the gas for follow-up process so as to can guarantee that.
In the embodiment, first between the input of the outfan of compressed air source unit 100 and electrostatic charge neutralization 104, is also communicated with QI invigorating pipeline 117, can directly input clean source of the gas in first electrostatic charge neutralization 104 by the first QI invigorating pipeline 117, with diluent gas In particle concentration.The 6th valve 120 is provided with first QI invigorating pipeline 117.
In the embodiment, the top for mixing pipe 105 has inverted cone-shaped structure 121, and the input for mixing pipe 105 is located at back taper The end of shape structure 121.
Specifically, the second QI invigorating pipeline 118, wherein, source of the gas are also communicated between compressed air source unit 100 and mixing pipe 105 The outfan of device 100 is connected with one end of the second QI invigorating pipeline 118, the other end and the mixing pipe 105 of the second QI invigorating pipeline 118 QI invigorating end 123 be connected, and QI invigorating end is extend at the conical surface of inverted cone-shaped structure 121, for making from the second QI invigorating pipeline 118 The gas of outflow flows along the conical surface of inverted cone-shaped structure 121.The input of the first valve 108, PM2.5 sicklies to be detected it is defeated Enter end to be connected with the outfan for mixing pipe 105 by stream splitter 122.The 7th is provided with second QI invigorating pipeline 118 Valve.
By detecting test, when the length for mixing pipe 105 is 100mm, the aerosol on the cross section of mixing pipe 105 Volume fraction just no longer changes.With the increase of distance, the volume fraction on each section keeps constant.Illustrate aerosol Can be achieved with being thoroughly mixed in very short distance with the diluent gas entered from QI invigorating end.
In the embodiment, silica gel in exsiccator 103, is filled with;Electrostatic charge neutralization 104 is aerosol electrostatic averager.Atomization The single dispersing solid aerosol granule of the generation that generator is produced, each granule are surrounded by 5 hydrones, cause the aggregation of granule And adhere on tube wall, therefore using the exsiccator 103 filled with silica gel, can effectively remove moisture removal.And tied through gas After exsiccator 103, drying effect can reach 99.5%, and monodisperse aerosol is dried very much, and the particle used in testing 1.5 μm~4.5 μm of footpath scope, grain diameter is less, easily produces electrostatic, and charged single dispersing solid aerosol granule can be inhaled It is attached on tube wall, causes damage, affects detection aerosol particle number concentration value, and aerosol electrostatic averager can process solid Body or liquid aersol, particle size range are 0.1 μm~150 μm, and its principle for destaticing is:Aerosol is entered in aerosol electrostatic Mixing with device is indoor, after being sufficiently mixed with the charged clean gas entered from the first QI invigorating pipeline 117, eliminates granule attached The electrostatic.
In the embodiment, stage high-effective filter 115 is HEPA filters.
In the embodiment, the first valve 108, the second valve 109, the 3rd valve 110 and the 4th valve 111 are electromagnetism Valve;5th valve 119, the 6th valve 120 and the 7th valve are electromagnetic valve, and electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller.By adopting Electromagnetic valve, can reduce impact of the anthropic factor to time of measuring as far as possible.
In the embodiment, require that the source of the gas after process should not be containing more than 0.3 μm particulate matter according to detection;Therefore, lead to The source of the gas particle diameter distribution experiment crossed after 106 detection process of aerosol particle diameter spectrometer.Aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 is to adopt light scattering Principle measures the typical instrument of aerosol particle sub-count, measures 0.3 μm -20 μm of particle size range.
Remove condensation aerosol generator 102, the outfan of freezer dryer 116 is directly connected to into exsiccator 103 Input, through electrostatic charge neutralization 104, after mixing pipe 105, into aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106.Gas is full of gas circuit, ventilation Half an hour, removal attach the residual particles in tube wall, measure particle counting in now source of the gas using aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 Concentration.Test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 is more than 0.3 μm particle concentration in clean gas source
Pendulous frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
More than 0.3 μm particle concentration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
As can be seen from Table 1, filtered clean gas meet EPA and environmental protection standard in China and source of the gas particulate matter are contained The requirement of amount.
In the embodiment, in the cutting characteristic detection process of PM2.5 sicklies, Polystyrene suspension, i.e. standard Grain suspension, is dispersed in ultra-pure water, so containing firstly the need of particulate matter in ultra-pure water is tested using aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 Amount, the particulate matter tested with the presence or absence of impact in verifying ultra-pure water.
20mL ultra-pure waters are only added in condensation aerosol generator 102, then pass to dry clean gas, Jing Guogan After dry device 103, electrostatic charge neutralization 104, mixing pipe 105, into aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106.Result such as 2 institute of table that test is 8 times Show.
Table 2 is particulate count range estimation examination (test volume 15cm in ultra-pure water3)
Number of times 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Total particulate matter number 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
As can be seen from Table 2, the particulate matter number for containing in ultra-pure water does not almost have, relative to the polystyrene of high concentration Aerosol number is negligible.Ultra-pure water can be used as the disperse medium of the suspension of condensation aerosol generator 102.
The volume flow of atomizing generator is controlled by the size of the pressure of the gas in control air accumulator 114, Jing is surveyed When examination obtains pressure between 0.5psi and 20psi, corresponding volume flow is 2lpm and 20lpm.In this flow rate zone, pin The standard particle of fixed volume, Jing aerosol particle diameters spectrometer 106 is added to detect different-grain diameter3, Meet EPA to detecting the requirement of aerosol concentration.
Embodiment 2
Shown in Figure 4, the embodiment of the present invention two provides the PM2.5 cutter cuts described in a kind of use embodiment one The detection method of characteristic detection device, the detection method are comprised the following steps:
Step 200, adds ultra-pure water and standard particle supernatant liquid, into condensation aerosol generator 102 to produce single dispersing Solid aerosol granule, wherein, the standard particle containing various different-grain diameters in standard particle supernatant liquid, and various different-grain diameters The content of standard particle is definite value;
Specifically, in the embodiment, 8 kinds of equivalent aerodynamic particle size range of the prior art are adopted for (1.5- μm 4.0) standard particle.The content of the standard particle of every kind of different-grain diameter is definite value.
Step 201, opens the first valve 108 and the 3rd valve 110, after closing the second valve 109 and the 4th valve 111, Read the aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 is measured;
Step 202, opens the second valve 109 and the 4th valve 111, after closing the first valve 108 and the 3rd valve 110, Read the aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer 106 is measured;
Step 203, finally, according to the aerosol particle number concentration value measured under two states, analysis draws PM2.5 Whether cutter cuts characteristic meets the requirements.
Specifically, by aerosol particle number concentration under alternately measurement two states, different aerodynamic are obtained The corresponding different arresting efficiency of granule of equivalent diameter;Then with a diameter of abscissa of equivalent aerodynamic, to trap effect Rate is vertical coordinate, sets up rectangular coordinate system, and the cutting characteristic for obtaining PM2.5 sicklies using the fitting of TableCurve2D softwares is bent Line, and by analyzing the D50 and geometric standard deviation of cutting characteristic curve, judge whether the cutting performance of PM2.5 sicklies accords with Close relevant criterion to require, wherein, D50 represents sickle to when the arresting efficiency of particulate matter is 50%, corresponding Particulate Air Kinetics equivalent diameter, unit for μm.
Embodiment 3
Using above-mentioned PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices, first by particle diameter different standard particle (polyphenyl second Alkene granule) it is atomized as single dispersing solid aerosol respectively.Through drying, destatic, mix in-line dilution is mixed, reach stable State.Then, add the PM2.5 sicklies chosen in gas circuit, PM2.5 is alternately determined by real-time aerosol particle diameter spectrometer and is cut Cutter upstream and the aerosol particle number in PM2.5 sicklies downstream, remember N respectively1iAnd N2i.Until the atomization list of different-grain diameter Disperse solid aerosol particle is completed and obtains N1ijAnd N2ij.Repetitive operation three times, is calculated as follows With the cutting efficiency of size grade scale granule:
In formula:The aerosol particle diameter point (different-grain diameter number, i are positive integer) of i ... ... generations;
The number of times (j is positive integer) of j ... ... each particle diameter point measurements;
N1ij... solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration (number concentration value) of PM2.5 sicklies upstream;
N2ij... solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration (number concentration value) in PM2.5 sicklies downstream;
ηij... ... the arresting efficiency of each particle diameter point single measurement;
The cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter point is calculated respectively by formula (1);
It is calculated as follows the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point:
In formula:... ... ... ... the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point.
Again using resulting average cutting efficiency numerical value as vertical coordinate, its corresponding standard particle particle diameter is used as horizontal seat Mark, fits corresponding cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve.Thus cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, you can counter to push away Obtain corresponding particle size values under the conditions of related cutting efficiency.
Pass through be fitted cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve and can be seen that (as shown in table 3), with the increasing of particle diameter Greatly, the cutting efficiency of PM2.5 is being gradually lowered.This is because grain diameter is bigger, inertia is also bigger, during air motion It is easier to impinge upon on entrapment plate or be trapped within settling pit and deposit;And particle diameter is less, will easily with air motion Pass through.
Cutting efficiency under the conditions of 3 different-grain diameter of table
Further according to obtained by above-mentioned fitting experimental data, cutting efficiency standard feature fit curve equation is:
In formula, a=99.418;B=-98.304;C=2.493;D=0.268;E=2.513.It can be seen that this cutting effect Rate standard feature fit curve equation is excessively complicated, the method analyzed using conventional regression, directly effectively can't evaluate Analyze its related uncertainty.
PM2.5 sicklies performance is good and bad will to be evaluated by the uncertainty of investigation D50, i.e., cutting efficiency is 50% when institute The uncertainty of corresponding diameter of particle.By carrying out observation analysis to the matched curve of cutting efficiency standard feature (such as Fig. 5 institutes Show), it is found that the linear character of cutting efficiency this section of curve (accounting for most of in the middle of whole characteristic curve) between 10%-90% is bright It is aobvious.And shrink toward at its focus point, linear character is more obvious.And D50 points are exactly the focus point of characteristic curve.With Centered on D50, upper and lower extension several experimental points are made corresponding linear curve, are evaluated the straight line by linear regression analysis Uncertainty, and then determine key point D50 uncertainty.
Corresponding experimental point, i.e., the microgranule corresponding to different cutting efficiencies is marked in cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve Particle diameter, as shown in Figure 6.Centered on intermediate point (D50), two ends extension curve obtained linear character is obvious, so taking middle five Individual experimental point is parameter (underscore part in table 3), method of least square of sampling, and obtains dependent linearity curvilinear equation as linearity curve For:
Y=288.436-96.054x (4)
The correlation coefficient of gained linearity curve is 0.993, illustrates that linear character is good.(the cutting efficiency as y0=50 For 50%) bring into equation (4) x0=2.482, i.e. D50 coordinates for (2.482,50), and the focus point of whole linearity curve. And in linearity curve uncertainty is investigated, be more proximate at focus point, the precision of data uncertainty is also higher.So, On the basis of the linearity curve after linear regression, can the effective uncertainty of analyzing evaluation D50.
First relevant experimental data in table 3 is substituted in be fitted linearity curve equation (4), the standard deviation for returning is calculated Difference estimated value s:
In above formula, yiFor the corresponding cutting efficiency value of various criterion grain diameter;Be obtain from linearity curve and xi Corresponding yiValue of calculation;N is testing time.
Corresponding particle diameter x when cutting efficiency is 50% is calculated again0Standard deviation estimated value s (x0):
In above formula,It is the meansigma methodss for whole x values used by linear curve;It is the meansigma methodss of whole y values;y0 Represent that cutting efficiency is 50%;Slopes of the b for linearity curve;M is parallel testing number of times;
As cutting efficiency y0When=50%, substitute into linearity curve equation (4) and understand correspondence diameter of particle x0=2.482 μm, its Expanded uncertainty be expressed as U (50).Confidence level p=95% (level of significance α=0.05) is chosen, t-distribution table is looked into, freely Degree v=n-2, obtains t95(13)=1.771.So, D50Expanded uncertainty U95(50)=t95(13)×s(x0)=1.771 × 0.02469=0.012133006 μm.I.e.:D50=(2.482 ± 0.012) μm.
Further show that PM2.5 cutter cuts efficiency is 16% respectively by Fig. 2 linearity curves, 50% is corresponding with when 84% Mass aerodynamic diameter be respectively:D16=2.828 μm and D84=2.122 μm.According to U.S. EPA relevant regulations, cutting Characteristic geometric standard deviation (GSD) can be calculated as:
According to U.S. EPA and China environmental protection regulation《HJ618-2011 surrounding air PM10With the gravimetry of PM2.5 Method》Require:D50=(2.5 ± 0.2) μm, geometric standard deviation GSD=1.2 ± 0.1.To sum up discussion result can be seen that this problem Gained D50=(2.482 ± 0.057) μm, GSD=1.154 are satisfied by U.S. EPA and China environmental protection laws and regulations requirement.
The present invention is by D50 analyzing and evaluating uncertainties, and then realizes good and bad to PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic Evaluation.The method that emphasis takes section fitting is taken during D50 analyzing and evaluating uncertainties of the present invention, with whole cutting efficiency mark Centered on the focus point of quasi- property fitting curve, limited experimentation point is respectively taken up and down, the song obtained to the fitting of taken serial experiment point Line is linearly good.Further by linear regression processing, linearity curve is obtained, linear character is projected, correlation coefficient is close to 1. Illustrating, the method that effectively section linear regression analysis can be taken using emphasis is analyzed evaluation to the uncertainty of D50.The present invention Method disclosure satisfy that the magnitude tracing demand in China PM2.5 sickle detection process, and can provide for atmosphere environment supervision can The technical service leaned on.
Although with specific embodiment illustrate and describing the present invention, but it will be appreciated that various embodiments above is only used To illustrate technical scheme, rather than a limitation;It will be understood by those within the art that:Without departing substantially from this In the case of bright spirit and scope, the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, or to wherein Some or all of technical characteristic carries out equivalent;And these modifications or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution Depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme;It is, therefore, intended that including in the following claims belonging to the present invention In the range of all these substitutions and modifications.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of assay method of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties, it is characterised in that using PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristics Detection means carries out measuring and calculation to selected PM2.5 sicklies to the average cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter standard particle, and Fitting cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve;
The method for taking emphasis to take section fitting, centered on the focus point of whole cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve, in institute That states focus point takes multiple experimental points in front and back respectively, taken each experimental point is fitted and obtains linearity curve, is returned by straight line Return analysis to determine the uncertainty of gained linearity curve, and then determine the uncertainty of D50.
2. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by such as Lower formula calculates the cutting efficiency that different-grain diameter standard particle is obtained:
η i j = N 2 i j N 1 i j × 100 % - - - ( 1 ) ;
In formula:The aerosol particle diameter point of i ... ... generations;
The number of times of j ... ... each particle diameter point measurements;
N1ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration of PM2.5 sicklies upstream;
N2ij... the solid-state monodisperse particles thing concentration in PM2.5 sicklies downstream;
ηij... ... the arresting efficiency of each particle diameter point single measurement;
The cutting efficiency of different-grain diameter point is calculated respectively by formula (1);
It is calculated as follows the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point:
η ‾ i = Σ j = 1 3 η i j 3 × 100 % - - - ( 2 ) ;
In formula:... ... ... ... the average cutting efficiency of each particle diameter point.
3. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described The equation of cutting efficiency standard feature matched curve is:
y = a + b [ 1 - [ 1 + exp ( ( x + d l n ( 2 1 e - 1 ) - c ) d ) ] - e ] - - - ( 3 ) ;
Wherein, the value of a, b, c, d and e is directly determined by fitting.
4. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cutting In cutting efficiency standard property fitting curve, cutting efficiency is to take the experimental point between 10%-90%.
5. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described The equation of linearity curve is:
Y=ax+b;
Wherein, the value of a and b is directly determined by fitting.
6. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Obtained by being determined as linear regression analysis, the uncertainty of linearity curve includes:
Standard particle particle diameter and corresponding average cutting efficiency are substituted in be fitted linearity curve equation, the mark for returning is calculated Quasi- estimation of deviation value s:
s = 1 n - 2 Σ i = 1 n ( y i - y ^ i ) 2 ;
In above formula, yiFor the corresponding cutting efficiency value of various criterion grain diameter;Be obtain from linearity curve and xiCorrespondence YiValue of calculation;N is testing time.
7. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that and then Determine the uncertainty of D50
Corresponding particle diameter x when cutting efficiency is 50% is calculated again0Standard deviation estimated value s (x0):
s ( x 0 ) = s b 1 m + 1 n + ( y ‾ 0 - y ‾ ) 2 b 2 Σ i = 1 n ( x i - x ‾ ) 2 ;
In above formula,It is the meansigma methodss for whole x values used by linear curve;It is the meansigma methodss of whole y values;y0Represent Cutting efficiency is 50%;Slopes of the b for linearity curve;M is parallel testing number of times;
Afterwards, confidence level is chosen, looks into t-distribution table, determine degree of freedom, to D50Expanded uncertainty calculated.
8. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that adopted PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection devices include compressed air source unit, condensation aerosol generator, exsiccator, electrostatic neutralization Device, mixing pipe, aerosol particle diameter spectrometer, air pump, the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve and the 4th valve;
The outfan of the compressed air source unit is connected with the input of the condensation aerosol generator, the molten generation of the atomization gas The outfan of device is connected with the input of the exsiccator, the input of the outfan of the exsiccator and the electrostatic charge neutralization End is connected, and the outfan of the electrostatic charge neutralization is connected with the input for mixing pipe;
It is described mix pipe outfan be connected with the input of first valve, the outfan of first valve with it is described Aerosol particle diameter spectrometer is connected;
The outfan for mixing pipe is also connected with the input of PM2.5 sicklies to be detected, the PM2.5 cuttings to be detected The outfan of device is connected with the input of second valve, the outfan of second valve and the aerosol Size Instrument is connected;
The input of first valve is also connected with the input of the 3rd valve, the outfan of the 3rd valve with The input of the air pump is connected;
The input of second valve is also connected with the input of the 4th valve, the outfan of the 4th valve with The input of the air pump is connected.
9. the assay method of a kind of PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties according to claim 8, it is characterised in that adopt The method detected by the PM2.5 cutter cuts characteristic detection device, comprises the steps:
Ultra-pure water and standard particle suspension is added into the condensation aerosol generator, to produce single dispersing solid aerosol Granule, wherein, the standard particle containing various different-grain diameters in the standard particle supernatant liquid, and the standard of various different-grain diameters The content of grain is definite value;
First valve and the 3rd valve is opened, after closing second valve and the 4th valve, is read described The aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured;
Second valve and the 4th valve is opened, after closing first valve and the 3rd valve, is read described The aerosol particle number concentration value that aerosol particle diameter spectrometer measurement is measured.
10. using a kind of assay method of the PM2.5 sicklies D50 uncertainties described in claim 1-9 any claim Measurement system.
CN201611163927.2A 2016-12-16 2016-12-16 Method and system for measuring D50 uncertainty of PM2.5 cutter Withdrawn CN106525679A (en)

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