CN113308305A - Organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids - Google Patents
Organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids Download PDFInfo
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- CN113308305A CN113308305A CN202110610108.2A CN202110610108A CN113308305A CN 113308305 A CN113308305 A CN 113308305A CN 202110610108 A CN202110610108 A CN 202110610108A CN 113308305 A CN113308305 A CN 113308305A
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- Prior art keywords
- thyme
- essential oil
- ball milling
- powder
- organic solvent
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- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
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- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
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- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/35—Extraction with lipophilic solvents, e.g. Hexane or petrol ether
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids without organic solvents. The method comprises the steps of taking the overground part of a thyme plant as a raw material, enabling flavone in thyme and an alkaline auxiliary agent to react into water-soluble salt through a mechanochemical action in the presence of the alkaline auxiliary agent, damaging a polysaccharide substance and a cell wall structure which prevent essential oil from being dissolved out simultaneously, and extracting by adopting solvents with different polarities to respectively obtain thyme oil and thyme total flavone with high yield. According to the invention, through mechanical force action and mechanochemical auxiliary action, cell wall destruction promotes the dissolution and release of essential oil, the extraction rate of the essential oil is improved, and the loss of the essential oil is greatly reduced because the extraction process does not need heating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction of effective components of plants, and particularly relates to an economic and green organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids.
Background
Thyme essential oil is volatile liquid extracted from aerial parts of Thymus plants such as Thymus vulgaris L, Thymus mongolicus L and Thymus mongolicus Ronn, and its main components are thymol (30-70%) and carvacrol (2-15%), and total phenol content is not less than 40%. The thyme essential oil is used as a natural antibiotic substitute, has good antibacterial performance, is not easy to generate drug resistance and is harmless to human bodies, and the inhibition rate of the thyme essential oil on swine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and swine salmonella choleraesuis causing swine gastrointestinal diseases is reported to be remarkably superior to that of antibiotic colistin sulfate. The thyme essential oil is developed into the plant source antibiotic, which is beneficial to the greening of the pig industry. However, the solubility of active ingredients in thyme essential oil in water and alcohol is poor, and the raw materials are dispersed in the form of oil droplets, which can only be extracted by non-polar solvent or azeotropic heat extraction.
The thyme essential oil as a veterinary product is strictly controlled in extraction cost and can be obtained only by traditional steam distillation extraction and extraction of organic solvents such as n-hexane and the like. The above process faces the following problems: 1) the main components of the thyme essential oil, namely the polyhydric phenol and the aldehyde, belong to substances easy to oxidize, and the thyme essential oil can be oxidized after being distilled for a long time, so that the drug effect is reduced and quinone toxic substances are generated; 2) the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are repeatedly steamed and boiled in a vessel at a high temperature of more than 100 ℃ in the steam distillation extraction process, various volatile aldehydes and amines are generated by thermal decomposition of saccharides, proteins and the like in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and toxic substances are generated to cause obvious change of the taste and the drug effect of the essential oil, and 3) the thyme essential oil has low boiling point and is easy to volatilize by heating, the essential oil and the solvent are difficult to separate after being soaked by the solvent, so that the yield is low, the solvent residue exists and the like. In conclusion, the development of a novel method for extracting the thyme essential oil, which is low in temperature, free of organic solvent and low in cost, has practical significance.
The conventional extraction method of flavone compounds comprises alkaline water extraction, and supercritical CO extraction2Extraction methods, organic solvent extraction methods, and the like. The alkaline water extraction method requires strong alkali such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the extractive solution contains more impuritiesThe separation is difficult, the product is dark in color and low in quality, and a large amount of alkaline wastewater is difficult to avoid in the process; the supercritical extraction equipment is expensive, the production cost is high, the method is only suitable for separating nonpolar compounds, and polar organic solvents are used as entrainers for extracting the flavones and flavonoid glycoside substances with larger polarity; the organic solvent extraction method has the advantages of large solvent consumption, low product yield, poor purity, high solvent residue and energy consumption and serious environmental pollution.
Mechanochemical technology is a solid chemical technology which has emerged in recent years and spans a plurality of fields of organic synthesis, materials science, physical preparation, plant extraction and the like. Mechanochemistry is to use mechanical energy to destroy the internal binding force of a substance, so that the substance generates a new interface and generates a physicochemical reaction in a local area, and the plant raw material and a chemical auxiliary agent are ground together by using the mechanochemical effect generated by high-strength grinding, so that the exposed effective components are promoted to contact and react with the auxiliary agent while the plant cells are crushed, and the component solubility is changed. In addition, compared with the traditional method, the mechanochemical extraction method has the advantages of simpler steps and convenient operation, thereby shortening the production period and reducing the production cost. At present, mechanochemical auxiliary extraction technology is widely used for extracting flavone, polyphenol, triterpenic acid and the like, and the high-efficiency extraction and directional separation of the components are realized. Therefore, the mechanochemical auxiliary extraction technology is the best scheme for breaking the bottleneck of the thyme essential oil extraction process, can avoid the pollution of an organic solvent to the environment in the reaction process, does not need heating, reduces the loss of essential oil, and can increase the extraction rate of thyme total flavonoids simultaneously, thereby not only innovating the traditional essential oil extraction process, but also realizing the comprehensive utilization of thyme resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of yield reduction, quality reduction and the like caused by easy oxidation of thyme essential oil in the existing steam distillation technology, the invention aims to provide a method for extracting thyme essential oil without an organic solvent in mechanochemistry, which can improve the solubility of thyme essential oil in an aqueous solution, reduce the volatility of thyme essential oil, convert essential oil components in thyme into water-soluble substances, avoid the use of the organic solvent in the preparation process, avoid heating and meet the requirements of low-temperature extraction and environmental protection.
The method for jointly extracting the thyme essential oil and the thyme total flavonoids without the organic solvent is characterized in that the thyme essential oil and the thyme total flavonoids are jointly extracted from thyme powder by a mechanochemical method in the absence of the organic solvent and in the presence of an auxiliary agent.
Furthermore, the invention also defines that the thyme powder is whole plant of thymus plant such as thyme, thyme of Mongolia, thyme of Xingan or thyme of thymus of Labiatae, and is dried to constant weight and then pulverized into 20-100 meshes.
Furthermore, the invention also limits the auxiliary agent to be any one of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide, beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and alpha-cyclodextrin.
Furthermore, the invention also limits the mass ratio of the thyme powder to the auxiliary agent to be 1:1-20, preferably 1: 10.
furthermore, the invention also defines a thyme essential oil and thyme total flavone organic solvent-free combined extraction method, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) adding thyme powder and an auxiliary agent into a stainless steel ball milling tank according to a feeding ratio, uniformly mixing, adding stainless steel balls, placing the ball milling tank in a ball mill for ball milling for a certain time, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, placing the powder in a beaker, adding petroleum ether, stirring at normal temperature, extracting, filtering, treating filter residues, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain a light yellow thyme essential oil product;
2) and 1) standing the filter residue at room temperature until petroleum ether is volatilized and dried, adding deionized water, stirring and extracting at room temperature, filtering, washing the filter cake with deionized water, combining the filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure to 0.1-0.15 times of the original volume, slowly adding a saturated citric acid aqueous solution until the pH value is less than 4, filtering the separated solid, and drying under reduced pressure and vacuum to obtain a tawny solid, namely the thyme total flavone product.
Furthermore, the invention also defines that the ball mill is a planetary ball mill, and the rotating speed of the ball mill is 400-600 rpm, preferably 400 rpm.
Furthermore, the ball milling time of the ball mill is limited to be 0.5-2 h, and preferably 1 h.
Further, the invention also defines that the filling volume of the stainless steel balls in the step 1) in the ball milling tank is 56-60%, preferably 58%, v/v.
Further, the invention also limits the temperature of the filtrate of the step 1) to be decompressed and concentrated to constant weight to be 35-45 ℃, preferably 40 ℃.
The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids, which is disclosed by the invention, can be operated according to the following steps: adding thyme powder and an auxiliary agent into a 20mL stainless steel ball milling tank according to a feeding ratio, uniformly mixing, placing the ball milling tank in a planetary ball mill for ball milling for a certain time, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, placing the powder in a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain a light yellow liquid, namely thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 8.20g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering, and vacuum drying under reduced pressure to obtain a brown solid which is thyme total flavone.
By adopting the technology, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the thyme essential oil and thyme total flavone organic solvent-free combined extraction technology, the thyme essential oil and the thyme total flavone are jointly extracted from the thyme by adopting a mechanochemical method, and the thyme essential oil and the thyme total flavone have the advantages of simplicity in operation, low energy consumption, short time and no need of heating;
2) the thyme essential oil and thyme total flavone organic solvent-free combined extraction technology disclosed by the invention realizes selective extraction aiming at phenolic components with higher application values in thyme, is beneficial to fully enriching effective components of thyme total flavone with antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and can improve the extraction rate and quality of products;
3) according to the thyme essential oil and thyme total flavone organic solvent-free combined extraction technology, the thyme essential oil is extracted and the thyme total flavone is extracted at the same time by means of mechanochemical wall breaking and solid phase reaction, so that the problems that other components are damaged in the conventional thyme essential oil extraction process and the like are solved, the total amount of organic solvents consumed in the extraction process is reduced, and the waste of resources is avoided; the obtained thyme total flavonoids have good antioxidant effect and economic development value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the effect of ball milling revolutions on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and essential oils of thyme;
FIG. 2 is the effect of ball milling time on total flavonoids and essential oil extraction rate of thyme;
FIG. 3 is a gas chromatogram of thyme essential oil (A) obtained by steam distillation and by mechanochemical extraction.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium hydroxide (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 35 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 8.20g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 2:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight, namely thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 9.06g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 3:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium bicarbonate (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at low temperature of 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 4:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and calcium oxide (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel ball milling beads as a grinding medium, wherein the diameter of the ball milling beads is 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/the total volume of the ball milling tank, uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at low temperature of 35 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 5.86g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 5:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and calcium carbonate (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight, namely thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.28g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 6:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and potassium carbonate (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight, namely thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 7:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and beta-cyclodextrin (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel ball milling beads as a grinding medium, wherein the diameter of the ball milling beads is 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/the total volume of the ball milling tank, uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm and the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at low temperature of 45 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 8:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, then adding stainless steel ball milling beads as a grinding medium, wherein the diameter of the ball milling beads is 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/the total volume of the ball milling tank, uniformly mixing, then placing the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm and the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out powder after the ball milling is finished, placing the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at low temperature of 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 9:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and gamma-cyclodextrin (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel ball milling beads as a grinding medium, wherein the diameter of the ball milling beads is 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/the total volume of the ball milling tank, uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm and the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 10:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and alpha-cyclodextrin (5g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel ball milling beads as a grinding medium, wherein the diameter of the ball milling beads is 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/the total volume of the ball milling tank, uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm and the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 11:
adding thyme powder (50g) and sodium carbonate (1g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, then adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, wherein the diameter of the ball milling beads is 10mm, the filling rate is controlled to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/the total volume of the ball milling tank), after uniform mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm and the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, adding 200mL of petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; the powder was placed in a beaker, 500mL deionized water was added and extracted at room temperature for 5 minutes with stirring, filtered to give a clear filtrate and the filter cake was washed with 50mL deionized water. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 12:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (10g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 35 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 13:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the mass of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
The extraction rate of thyme essential oil and the extraction rate of thyme total flavonoids obtained in examples 1-13 were calculated, and the experimental conclusion is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 influence of extraction auxiliary and dosage on extraction rate of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids
| Examples | Extraction rate g/g of thyme total flavone | Extraction rate of thyme essential oil g/g |
| 1 | 1.088±0.030 | 0.033±0.024 |
| 2 | 1.236±0.052 | 0.254±0.02 |
| 3 | 0.239±0.02 | 0.04±0.047 |
| 4 | 0.333±0.027 | 0.038±0.032 |
| 5 | 0.572±0.051 | 0.026±0.045 |
| 6 | 0.653±0.039 | 0.149±0.069 |
| 7 | 0.52±0.044 | 0.227±0.019 |
| 8 | 0.841±0.037 | 0.197±0.011 |
| 9 | 0.991±0.016 | 0.132±0.024 |
| 10 | 1.142±0.031 | 0.118±0.049 |
| 11 | 0.910±0.021 | 0.186±0.046 |
| 12 | 1.034±0.015 | 0.204±0.051 |
| 13 | 1.258±0.070 | 0.224±0.027 |
As can be seen from table 1, in consideration of the extraction rate of flavone and essential oil and the material consumption, the sodium carbonate described in the preferred embodiment 2 is an auxiliary agent, and the mass ratio of the sodium carbonate to the thyme powder is 1: 10, the yield of the thyme total flavone under the condition is 1.236 +/-0.052 wt%, and the yield of the thyme essential oil is 0.254 +/-0.02 wt%.
The experimental operation for optimizing the revolution of the ball mill is shown in examples 14 to 18
Example 14:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 50rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 15:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 100rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 100mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 16:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 200rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the mass of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 17:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by the number of balls)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the mass of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 18:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 600rpm, setting the time to be 1.5 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the mass of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
The extraction rates of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids obtained in examples 14-18 are concluded as shown in FIG. 1. The results of FIG. 1 show that the low revolution and insufficient milling dispersion resulted in poor reaction effect and reduced extraction effect; the rotation speed is preferably 400rpm because the grinding rate is too high, the heat generation of the system is increased, oxidation and polymerization of the essential oil are caused, and the extraction rate is remarkably reduced.
The experimental operation of ball milling time optimization is shown in examples 17, 19 to 21
Example 19:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 0.5 hour, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 20:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 1.0 hour, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
Example 21:
adding thyme powder (50.0g) and sodium carbonate (20g) into a 200mL stainless steel ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls as a grinding medium, controlling the diameter of the balls to be 10mm, controlling the filling rate to be 58% ((ball volume multiplied by ball number)/total volume of the ball milling tank), uniformly mixing, putting the ball milling tank into a planetary ball mill, setting the rotating speed to be 400rpm, setting the time to be 2.0 hours, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, putting the powder into a beaker, adding 200mL petroleum ether, stirring and extracting for 5 minutes at normal temperature, filtering, concentrating the filtrate at 40 ℃ under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain thyme essential oil, and accurately recording the quality of the oily liquid; after the filter residue is volatilized, 500mL of deionized water is added, stirred and extracted at normal temperature for 5 minutes, the clear filtrate is obtained by filtration, and 50mL of deionized water is used for washing a filter cake. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating to 50mL, slowly adding 3.90g of citric acid, completely neutralizing, filtering to obtain solid which is thyme total flavone, drying, calculating weight, and calculating extraction yield by gravimetric method.
The extraction rates of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids obtained for examples 17, 19-21 are concluded as shown in fig. 2. Test results show that the grinding time is short, and the extraction rate of flavone and essential oil is reduced because thyme powder cannot be fully contacted with the auxiliary agent and the reaction effect is poor; and as the grinding time is prolonged, the extraction rate tends to be smooth, and the volatile oil can volatilize after wall breaking and exudation, so that the extraction rate is reduced, the grinding time is preferably 1.0h, and after the conditions are optimized, the extraction rates of the total flavonoids of the thyme and the thyme essential oil are 1.258 +/-0.058 wt% and 0.294 +/-0.056 wt%.
Example 22: comparison of chemical Components of thyme essential oils
Measuring the GC spectrum of the effective components of the thyme essential oil obtained by the optimal process by taking the thyme essential oil obtained by steam distillation as a reference, wherein the specific gas chromatography method comprises the following steps:
a DP-5MS capillary chromatography column (30m 25mm 0.25 μm) was used.
Temperature programming: the initial temperature is 50 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2min, the temperature is increased to 200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5min, the temperature is increased to 220 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 10 min;
sample inlet temperature: 250 ℃; the carrier gas is high-purity nitrogen, and the flow rate is lmL/min; the sample volume is L mu L, and the split ratio is 20: 1.
The results are shown in fig. 3, and compared with the gas chromatography of thymol and cinnamaldehyde standard products, the content of effective components in the thyme essential oil obtained by steam distillation is lower than that obtained by a mechanochemical method, especially the antibacterial components such as thymol and cinnamaldehyde are obviously lower than those of essential oil obtained by mechanochemical extraction, and the effect of selectively extracting phenols and aldehydes by mechanochemistry is fully demonstrated.
Example 23: comparison of content of Total Flavonoids of Thymus vulgaris
The method comprises the following steps of taking thyme total flavonoids obtained by ethanol reflux extraction as a reference, and measuring the content of the flavonoids in the thyme total flavonoids obtained by an optimal process and the thyme total flavonoids obtained by ethanol reflux extraction by adopting an aluminum salt method, wherein the specific measuring method comprises the following steps:
drawing a rutin standard curve, namely preparing a 5% sodium nitrite solution: accurately weighing 100mg of sodium nitrite, adding 20mL of distilled water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a 5% sodium nitrite solution. Preparation of 10% aluminum nitrate solution: accurately weighing 200mg of sodium nitrite, adding 20mL of distilled water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a 10% aluminum nitrate solution which needs to be stored away from light. Preparation of 5% sodium hydroxide solution: accurately weighing 100mg of sodium nitrite, adding 20mL of distilled water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a 5% sodium hydroxide solution. Preparing a rutin standard solution: accurately weighing rutin 100mg, adding into a 100mL volumetric flask, dissolving with absolute ethyl alcohol, and fixing the volume to obtain 1g/L rutin standard solution. Accurately weighing 1mL, 2mL, 3mL, 4mL, 5mL and 6mL of the rutin standard solution, respectively placing the rutin standard solution into a 100mL volumetric flask, adding 5mL of 5% sodium nitrite solution, shaking uniformly, standing for 6min, adding 5mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, similarly shaking uniformly, standing for 6min, finally adding 25mL of 5% sodium hydroxide solution, shaking uniformly, diluting with ethanol solution, and standing for 15 min. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 510 nm. The experimental result is processed to obtain a standard curve of the seabuckthorn flavone in rutin and calculate the concentration of the total flavone of the sample.
Calculating the content of thyme total flavonoids: weighing 1g of thyme total flavonoids, adding into a 100ml volumetric flask, carrying out color development according to the method by using absolute ethyl alcohol constant volume, measuring the absorbance of the solution at the wavelength of 510nm to obtain an absorbance value A (controlling the color development absorbance of the solution to be measured within the range of 0.4-0.8 by dilution), and measuring the absorbance A of the solution at the wavelength of 510 nm. The calculation formula of the content of the thyme total flavonoids is as follows, wherein A is the absorbance of a sample measured according to a relevant process, V is the volume of the sample, N is the dilution factor, and m is the mass of the thyme total flavonoids powder.
The experimental result shows that the content of the flavone in the thyme total flavone obtained by mechanochemical assisted extraction can reach 43.0 +/-0.5 wt% when the absorbance of the solution after color development is 0.452, and is higher than that of the thyme total flavone obtained by refining after ethanol reflux by 35 +/-0.7 wt%, and the experimental conclusion shows that the content of the flavone obtained by mechanochemical extraction is higher, thereby fully explaining the effectiveness of mechanochemical selective extraction.
Claims (9)
1. A method for extracting thyme essential oil and thyme total flavone jointly without organic solvent is characterized in that under the condition of no organic solvent and in the presence of auxiliary agents, thyme essential oil and thyme total flavone are extracted jointly from thyme powder by adopting a mechanochemical method.
2. The method for extracting essential oil and total flavonoids from thyme according to claim 1, wherein the thyme powder is the whole herb of thyme, thyme mongolica, thyme dahuricae or thyme herb of Labiatae, dried to constant weight, and ground to 20-100 mesh.
3. The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary agent is any one of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide, beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, alpha-cyclodextrin.
4. The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of thyme powder to auxiliary agent is 1:1-20, preferably 1: 10.
5. the organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) adding thyme powder and an auxiliary agent into a stainless steel ball milling tank according to a feeding ratio, uniformly mixing, adding stainless steel balls, placing the ball milling tank in a ball mill for ball milling for a certain time, taking out the powder after the ball milling is finished, placing the powder in a beaker, adding petroleum ether, stirring at normal temperature, extracting, filtering, treating filter residues, and concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to constant weight to obtain a light yellow thyme essential oil product;
2) and 1) standing the filter residue at room temperature until petroleum ether is volatilized and dried, adding deionized water, stirring and extracting at room temperature, filtering, washing the filter cake with deionized water, combining the filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure to 0.1-0.15 times of the original volume, slowly adding a saturated citric acid aqueous solution until the pH value is less than 4, filtering the separated solid, and drying under reduced pressure and vacuum to obtain a tawny solid, namely the thyme total flavone product.
6. The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 5, characterized in that the ball mill is a planetary ball mill, and the rotation speed is 400-600 rpm, preferably 400 rpm.
7. The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 5, characterized in that the ball milling time of the ball mill is 0.5-2 h, preferably 1 h.
8. The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 5, characterized in that the filling rate of the stainless steel balls in the step 1) in the ball mill tank is 56-60%, v/v.
9. The organic solvent-free combined extraction method of thyme essential oil and thyme total flavonoids according to claim 5, characterized in that 1) the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to a constant weight temperature of 35-45 ℃, preferably 40 ℃.
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