CN113305377A - Piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro-electro-machining device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro-electro-machining device and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113305377A
CN113305377A CN202110535897.8A CN202110535897A CN113305377A CN 113305377 A CN113305377 A CN 113305377A CN 202110535897 A CN202110535897 A CN 202110535897A CN 113305377 A CN113305377 A CN 113305377A
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electrode
micro
driving device
piezoelectric
machining
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CN113305377B (en
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刘桂贤
李志超
马世赫
周佐霖
林艳邦
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H1/00Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
    • B23H1/04Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture

Abstract

The invention discloses a piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro-electro-machining device which comprises a base, a micro-electro-electrolysis device, a driving device and a wire electrode electric spark grinding device, wherein the base is provided with a base; the micro electrolysis device comprises a first motor, a transmission mechanism, an electrode, a micro-motion disc, piezoelectric ceramics and a guide nozzle, wherein a rotating shaft of the first motor is connected with a power input end of the transmission mechanism, and the electrode and the micro-motion disc are arranged on a power output end of the transmission mechanism; the lower end of the electrode extends out of the guide nozzle, the piezoelectric ceramic is arranged on the micro-motion disc, and the power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the guide nozzle to drive the guide nozzle and the lower end of the electrode to move, so that a dynamic eccentric type rotary electrode machining structure is formed. The invention controls the eccentricity of the electrode by the piezoelectric ceramic and the micro-motion disc to adjust the processing gap and change the flow field of the working medium, so that bubbles and products are easier to discharge, and the processing quality and the processing precision of the workpiece are improved.

Description

Piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro-electro-machining device and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrode micro-electro-machining device and a machining method thereof, in particular to a piezoelectric micro-motion cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device capable of eccentrically rotating and a machining method thereof.
Background
In a conventional micro-electro-machining (electrolysis, electric spark) machining mode, a cylindrical electrode is generally used as a tool cathode to machine a workpiece anode; during processing, the products and bubbles produced are important factors affecting the quality of the processing. The micro-electro-machining drilling and milling mode is to apply a certain rotation speed to the tool columnar electrode to change the flow field of the working medium (liquid) so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the discharge of bubbles and products. Smaller machining gaps can achieve better machining accuracy but product removal is more difficult, and larger machining gaps affect workpiece removal rates but product removal is easier.
In order to improve the processing precision of the workpiece and the product discharge efficiency, the spiral electrode is adopted to replace a columnar electrode and a certain rotation speed is applied, so that the working medium in the processing gap performs circumferential rotation and axial movement, and upward spiral flow is generated to drive bubbles and products to move upwards for discharge. The method can effectively discharge air bubbles and products, but the spiral electrode is complex to manufacture, the processing cost is increased, and the required verticality and coaxiality are difficult to achieve when the columnar electrode is used for vertically feeding and processing the workpiece, so that the processing precision of the workpiece is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric micro-machining device for a pillar-shaped electrode capable of eccentrically rotating and a method for machining the same. During processing, the eccentricity of the electrode is controlled by the piezoelectric ceramic and the micro-motion disc so as to adjust the processing gap and change the flow field of the working medium, so that bubbles and products are easier to discharge, and the processing quality and the processing precision of the workpiece are improved.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro electro machining device comprises a base, a micro electrolysis device, a driving device, a liquid tank and a wire electrode electric spark grinding device, wherein the micro electrolysis device is used for electrolyzing a workpiece to be machined; the micro electrolysis device comprises a first motor, a transmission mechanism, an electrode, a micro-motion disc, piezoelectric ceramics and a guide nozzle, wherein a rotating shaft of the first motor is connected with a power input end of the transmission mechanism, and the electrode and the micro-motion disc are arranged on a power output end of the transmission mechanism; the lower end of the electrode extends out of the guide nozzle, the piezoelectric ceramic is arranged on the micro-motion disc, and the power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the guide nozzle, so that the guide nozzle and the lower end of the electrode are driven to move, and a dynamic eccentric type rotary electrode machining structure is formed.
Preferably, the power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the guide nozzle through a flexible hinge structure.
Preferably, the driving device comprises an X-axis driving device, a Y-axis driving device and a Z-axis driving device, the X-axis driving device is mounted on the base, the Y-axis driving device is mounted on the power output end of the X-axis driving device, the Z-axis driving device is mounted on the power output end of the Y-axis driving device, and the micro electrolysis device is mounted on the power output end of the Z-axis driving device.
As a preferable scheme, the transmission mechanism comprises a driving pulley, a transmission belt and a driven pulley, the driving pulley is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the first motor, and the driving pulley is in transmission connection with the driven pulley through the transmission belt; the driven belt wheel is connected with the inner ring of the bearing, and the outer ring of the bearing is connected with the rack; the electrode penetrates through the center of the driven belt wheel and is connected with the driven belt wheel, and the micro-motion disc is arranged on an inner ring of the bearing.
Preferably, a hollow tube is nested in the center of the driven pulley, and the electrode penetrates through the hollow tube and is connected with the hollow tube.
Preferably, the hollow tube is provided with a set screw for fixing the electrode.
Preferably, the guide nozzle is a ceramic guide nozzle.
Preferably, the first motor is a servo motor.
A processing method of a piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically-rotatable columnar electrode micro-electro-machining device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, passing the electrode through the hollow tube and the ceramic guide nozzle from top to bottom, and screwing the bolt to position the ceramic guide nozzle on the V-shaped groove in the middle of the inching disc;
s2, after the extension amount of the lower end of the electrode extending out of the guide nozzle is determined, the electrode is tightly propped in the hollow tube through a set screw;
s3, adjusting the relative position of the lower end of the electrode and the machining position of the wire electrode electric spark grinding device through an X-axis driving device, a Y-axis driving device and a Z-axis driving device, and driving the electrode to rotate through a first motor so as to copy the electrode reversely;
and S4, controlling the displacement of the flexible hinge structure through the piezoelectric ceramics to move the guide nozzle, thereby controlling the offset of the electrode.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. when the micro electrolytic machining is carried out, the first motor drives the electrode to rotate through the transmission mechanism, and in the process of electrode rotation, the axial line position of the electrode can be adjusted through the piezoelectric ceramics, so that the electrode is deviated, and the electrode performs dynamic eccentric rotation motion, so that the machining gap between the electrode and a workpiece presents a machining gap with uneven two sides, namely a narrow side and a wide side. The structure can also dynamically adjust the eccentricity of the electrode through the micro-motion disc, so that the eccentricity of the electrode is changed from small to large and then from large to small in a reciprocating manner, the machining gap is adjusted, the flow field of a working medium is changed, bubbles and products are easier to discharge, and the machining quality and the machining precision of workpieces are improved.
2. The flexible hinge structure is applied with a certain force through the piezoelectric ceramics, so that the flexible hinge structure generates a certain amount of displacement, the axis of the electrode is not superposed with the axis of the driven belt wheel any more, and the driven belt wheel drives the electrode to do eccentric rotation motion. The dynamic eccentric rotating electrode processing can realize different electrode rotating tracks and processing gaps so as to realize different processing flow fields, and products and bubbles are easier to discharge.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically-rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-machining device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a micro-electrolysis apparatus of a piezoelectric micro-motion eccentrically-rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a micro-motion disk of the piezoelectric micro-motion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrode when processing a workpiece.
Fig. 5 shows the rotation trajectory of the electrode at low rotation speed.
Fig. 6 shows the rotation trajectory of the electrode during high rotation speed processing.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment relates to a piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device, which comprises a base 1, a micro-electrolysis device 2 for electrolyzing a workpiece to be machined, a driving device 3 for driving the micro-electrolysis device 2 to move and mounted on the base 1, a liquid tank 4 arranged below the micro-electrolysis device 2 and used for containing electrolyte, and a wire electrode electric spark grinding device 5 arranged on one side of the liquid tank 4 and fixedly mounted on the base 1; the micro electrolysis device 2 comprises a first motor 21, a transmission mechanism 52, an electrode 53, a micro disc 54, piezoelectric ceramics 55 and a guide nozzle 56, wherein a rotating shaft of the first motor 21 is connected with a power input end of the transmission mechanism 52, and the electrode 53 and the micro disc 54 are arranged on a power output end of the transmission mechanism 52; the lower end of the electrode 53 extends out of the guide nozzle 56, the piezoelectric ceramic 55 is mounted on the micro-motion disc 54, and the power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic 55 is connected with the guide nozzle 56 to drive the guide nozzle 56 and the lower end of the electrode 53 to move, so that a dynamic eccentric type rotary electrode processing structure is formed.
During micro electrolytic machining, the first motor 21 drives the electrode 53 to rotate through the transmission mechanism 52, and during the rotation of the electrode 53, the axial position of the electrode 53 can be adjusted through the piezoelectric ceramic 55, so that the electrode 53 is shifted, and at the moment, the electrode 53 performs dynamic eccentric rotation motion, so that the machining gap between the electrode 53 and the workpiece presents a machining gap with uneven two sides, namely, a machining gap with a narrow side and a wide side. The structure can also dynamically adjust the eccentricity of the electrode 53 through the inching disc 54, so that the eccentricity of the electrode 53 is changed from small to large and then from large to small; specifically, the rotation trajectory of the electrode 53 during machining is as shown in fig. 5 and 6, where fig. 5 shows a case where the rotation speed of the electrode 53 is low, and fig. 6 shows a case where the rotation speed of the electrode 53 is high. Therefore, the structure can control the eccentricity of the electrode 53 through the piezoelectric ceramic 55 and the micro-motion disc 54 to adjust the processing gap and change the flow field of the working medium, so that bubbles and products are easier to discharge, and the processing quality and the processing precision of the workpiece are improved.
The power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic 55 is connected with the guide nozzle 56 through a flexible hinge structure 57. This structure exerts the power of certain size through piezoceramics 55 to flexible hinge structure 57, makes flexible hinge structure 57 produce a certain amount of displacement, and then makes the axis of electrode 53 no longer coincide with driven pulley's axis to make driven pulley drive electrode 53 be eccentric rotary motion. The dynamic eccentric rotating electrode 53 process can realize different rotating tracks and processing gaps of the electrode 53 to realize different processing flow fields, so that the product 101 and the bubbles 102 can be discharged more easily.
The driving device 3 comprises an X-axis driving device 31, a Y-axis driving device 32 and a Z-axis driving device 33, the X-axis driving device 31 is installed on the base 1, the Y-axis driving device 32 is installed on the power output end of the X-axis driving device 31, the Z-axis driving device 33 is installed on the power output end of the Y-axis driving device 32, and the micro electrolysis device 2 is installed on the power output end of the Z-axis driving device 33. The X-axis driving device 31, the Y-axis driving device 32 and the Z-axis driving device 33 respectively drive the micro-electrolysis device 2 to move in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions so as to adjust the relative position of the lower end of the electrode 53 and the machining position of the wire electrode 53 electric spark grinding device 5.
The transmission mechanism 52 comprises a driving pulley 521, a transmission belt 522 and a driven pulley 523, the driving pulley 521 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the first motor 21, and the driving pulley 521 is in transmission connection with the driven pulley 523 through the transmission belt 522; the driven belt wheel 523 is connected with the inner ring of the bearing 524, and the outer ring of the bearing 524 is connected with the frame 520; the electrode 53 passes through the center of the driven pulley 523 and is connected with the driven pulley 523, and the micro-motion disc 54 is mounted on the inner ring of the bearing 524. The first motor 21 drives the electrode 53 to rotate through the driving pulley 521, the transmission belt 522, and the driven pulley 523 in turn, and drives the inching disc 54 to rotate through the inner ring of the bearing 524.
The center of the driven pulley 523 is nested with a hollow tube 525, and the electrode 53 passes through the hollow tube 525 and is connected with the hollow tube 525. In order to prevent the electric wires from being twisted together, the upper surface of the driven pulley 523 is provided with a slip ring 526, and the driven pulley 523 drives the outer ring of the slip ring 526 to rotate.
The hollow tube 525 is provided with a set screw 527 for fixing the electrode 53. The two set screws 527 are provided so that the electrode 53 is sandwiched by the two set screws 527, and the purpose of fixing the electrode 53 to the hollow tube 525 is achieved.
The guide nozzle 56 is a ceramic guide nozzle 56. Of course, other wear-resistant metal materials can be used for the guide nozzle.
The first motor 21 is a servo motor. The rotation angle and the rotation speed of the electrode 53 can be precisely controlled by the servo motor, so that the product and the air bubbles are more easily discharged. Of course, the first motor 21 may be a stepping motor, an ac motor, or the like.
A processing method of a piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically-rotatable columnar electrode 53 micro-electro-machining device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the electrode 53 penetrates through the hollow tube 525 and the ceramic guide nozzle 56 from top to bottom, and the bolt is tightened to position the ceramic guide nozzle 56 on the V-shaped groove in the middle of the inching disc 54;
s2, after determining the extension of the lower end of the electrode 53 extending out of the guide nozzle 56, the electrode 53 is tightly pressed in the hollow tube 525 through the fastening screw 527;
s3, the relative position of the lower end of the electrode 53 and the processing position of the wire electrode 53 electric spark grinding device 5 is adjusted through the X-axis driving device 31, the Y-axis driving device 32 and the Z-axis driving device 33, and then the electrode 53 is driven to rotate through the first motor 21 so as to copy the electrode 53 reversely, so that the perpendicularity and the coaxiality of the electrode 53 are guaranteed.
S4, the flexible hinge structure 57 is controlled to displace by the piezoelectric ceramics 55, and the lead 56 is moved, thereby controlling the offset amount of the electrode 53. The piezoelectric ceramic 55 applies a certain force to the flexible hinge structure 57, so that the flexible hinge structure 57 generates a certain amount of displacement, and the axis of the electrode 53 is no longer overlapped with the axis of the driven pulley 523, so that the driven pulley 523 drives the electrode 53 to perform eccentric rotation. The dynamic eccentric rotating electrode 53 processing can realize different rotating tracks and processing gaps of the electrode 53 to realize different processing flow fields, so that products and bubbles are easier to discharge.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro electro machining device is characterized by comprising a base, a micro electrolysis device, a driving device, a liquid tank and a wire electrode electric spark grinding device, wherein the micro electrolysis device is used for electrolyzing a workpiece to be machined; the micro electrolysis device comprises a first motor, a transmission mechanism, an electrode, a micro-motion disc, piezoelectric ceramics and a guide nozzle, wherein a rotating shaft of the first motor is connected with a power input end of the transmission mechanism, and the electrode and the micro-motion disc are arranged on a power output end of the transmission mechanism; the lower end of the electrode extends out of the guide nozzle, the piezoelectric ceramic is arranged on the micro-motion disc, and the power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the guide nozzle to drive the lower end of the electrode to move, so that a dynamic eccentric type rotating electrode machining structure is formed.
2. The piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power output end of the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the guide nozzle through a flexible hinge structure.
3. The piezoelectric micro-motion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-machining device according to claim 1, wherein the driving device comprises an X-axis driving device, a Y-axis driving device and a Z-axis driving device, the X-axis driving device is mounted on the base, the Y-axis driving device is mounted on a power output end of the X-axis driving device, the Z-axis driving device is mounted on a power output end of the Y-axis driving device, and the micro-electrolysis device is mounted on a power output end of the Z-axis driving device.
4. The piezoelectric micromotion cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device capable of eccentrically rotating according to claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a driving pulley, a transmission belt and a driven pulley, the driving pulley is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the first motor, and the driving pulley is in transmission connection with the driven pulley through the transmission belt; the driven belt wheel is connected with the inner ring of the bearing, and the outer ring of the bearing is connected with the rack; the electrode penetrates through the center of the driven belt wheel and is connected with the driven belt wheel, and the micro-motion disc is arranged on an inner ring of the bearing.
5. The piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-machining device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the driven pulley is provided with a hollow tube in the center, and the electrode penetrates through the hollow tube and is connected with the hollow tube.
6. The piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hollow tube is provided with a set screw for fixing the electrode.
7. The piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle is a ceramic nozzle.
8. The piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device according to claim 1, wherein the first motor is a servo motor.
9. The processing method of the piezoelectric micromotion eccentrically-rotatable cylindrical electrode micro-electro-machining device based on claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, passing the electrode through the hollow tube and the ceramic guide nozzle from top to bottom, and screwing the bolt to position the ceramic guide nozzle on the V-shaped groove in the middle of the inching disc;
s2, after the extension amount of the lower end of the electrode extending out of the guide nozzle is determined, the electrode is tightly propped in the hollow tube through a set screw;
s3, adjusting the relative position of the lower end of the electrode and the machining position of the wire electrode electric spark grinding device through an X-axis driving device, a Y-axis driving device and a Z-axis driving device, and driving the electrode to rotate through a first motor so as to copy the electrode reversely;
and S4, controlling the displacement of the flexible hinge structure through the piezoelectric ceramics, moving the guide nozzle and controlling the offset of the electrode.
CN202110535897.8A 2021-05-17 2021-05-17 Piezoelectric micromotion eccentric rotation columnar electrode micro-electro-machining device and machining method thereof Active CN113305377B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114619107A (en) * 2022-02-22 2022-06-14 莆田市涵江区创源机械制造有限公司 Novel translation head system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3430026A (en) * 1968-01-08 1969-02-25 Oconnor Thomas John Quick-change tool for electrical machining including structure for simultaneously eccentrically rotating and revolving an electrode
JPS57194825A (en) * 1981-05-22 1982-11-30 Inoue Japax Res Inc Electrospark machining device
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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