CN113304606A - Modular waste gas purification equipment containing chemical filter material - Google Patents

Modular waste gas purification equipment containing chemical filter material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113304606A
CN113304606A CN202110603588.XA CN202110603588A CN113304606A CN 113304606 A CN113304606 A CN 113304606A CN 202110603588 A CN202110603588 A CN 202110603588A CN 113304606 A CN113304606 A CN 113304606A
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purification
chemical filter
filter material
cavity
gas
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李璟然
秦红燕
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Beijing Yokon Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Beijing Yokon Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/8687—Organic components
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B01D53/185—Liquid distributors
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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Abstract

The invention discloses modular waste gas purification equipment containing a chemical filter material, which comprises an equipment shell and a purification chamber, wherein the purification chamber is arranged inside the equipment shell, the left end of the equipment shell is provided with a gas inlet, and the right end of the equipment shell is provided with a gas outlet; the purification cavity comprises an initial purification cavity, an enhanced purification cavity and a high-efficiency purification cavity which are sequentially communicated from left to right, the left side of the initial purification cavity is communicated with a gas inlet, and the right side of the high-efficiency purification cavity is communicated with a gas outlet. The equipment adopts the purification cavity comprising an initial purification cavity, an intensified purification cavity and a high-efficiency purification cavity three-layer purification module, and can fully adsorb and decompose waste gas. The waste gas purification equipment has high purification efficiency and is convenient to use, and large-particle substances, organic substances and other impurity gases in the waste gas are gradually treated by the three layers of purification modules, so that the discharged gas can finally reach the discharge standard in the industry.

Description

Modular waste gas purification equipment containing chemical filter material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste gas purification equipment, in particular to modular waste gas purification equipment containing a chemical filter material.
Background
At present, with the development of scientific technology, the fields of industry, coal mining industry, metallurgy and the like are rapidly improved, but the industries generate a large amount of harmful waste gas in the processing production process, the main components of the waste gas are sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and the waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere without being treated, so that the environment is greatly damaged. At present, most of the gas purification devices are installed in factories, and filter materials adopted by most of the gas purification devices have the problems of insufficient adsorbability and poor decomposition effect, so that the gas purification devices cannot achieve a good purification effect, and a lot of harmful gases are still discharged into the air to pollute the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waste purification device which has strong adsorbability and decomposition effect on waste gas, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenience and practicability.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a modular waste gas purifying device containing chemical filter materials comprises a device shell and a purifying cavity, wherein the purifying cavity is arranged inside the device shell, the left end of the device shell is provided with a gas inlet, and the right end of the device shell is provided with a gas outlet; the purification cavity comprises an initial purification cavity, an enhanced purification cavity and a high-efficiency purification cavity which are sequentially communicated from left to right, the left side of the initial purification cavity is communicated with a gas inlet, and the right side of the high-efficiency purification cavity is communicated with a gas outlet.
Preferably, a gas sensor is provided at each of the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
Preferably, a flow dispersing plate and a flow guiding plate which are relatively parallel are arranged in the initial purifying cavity.
Preferably, the flow dispersing plate is made of a plate with non-uniform pore size and disordered pore size orientation, and the flow guide plate is made of a plate with uniform pore size and uniform pore size orientation.
The air inlet is used for introducing air into the air inlet, the air inlet is used for dispersing air entering from the air inlet, and the air inlet is used for introducing air into the air inlet.
Preferably, the top of the reinforced purification cavity is provided with a plurality of groups of high-pressure nozzles, and the bottom of the reinforced purification cavity is provided with a liquid leakage hole; each high-pressure spray head penetrates through the top of the reinforced purification cavity and is connected with the liquid inlet pipe, and the lower end of the liquid leakage hole is connected with the liquid discharge pipe.
Preferably, the high pressure nozzle is shower-shaped.
Preferably, the liquid sprayed by the high-pressure spray head is one of water, acid liquor and alkali liquor.
Preferably, a porous drying plate, a chemical filter material net and a UV light source are arranged in the high-efficiency purification cavity; the porous drying plate is arranged on one side close to the reinforced purification cavity, the chemical filter material net is provided with at least two layers and arranged on the right side of the porous drying plate, and the UV light source is arranged between the chemical filter material nets.
Preferably, the chemical filter material net is provided with three layers which are arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, and two groups of UV light sources are arranged between every two layers of the chemical filter material net.
Preferably, the chemical filter material net is prepared from a modified carbon fiber composite material with a photocatalysis effect.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a scandium oxide composite mixed solution by using scandium oxide powder and tetraethoxysilane;
step 2, mixing carbon fibers with the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles;
and 3, reacting seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium salt with scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to obtain the modified carbon fiber composite material.
Preferably, the step 1 specifically comprises:
(1) weighing scandium oxide powder, mixing the scandium oxide powder with hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, heating to 60-80 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a scandium oxide solution; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium oxide powder to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 12-15;
(2) cooling the scandium oxide solution to 35-40 ℃, continuously stirring during the period, setting the stirring speed to 600-800 rpm when solids are gradually separated out from the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution and collecting solid particles when the solids in the reaction solution are not increased, and washing and drying the solid particles in sequence to obtain a scandium oxide crystal;
(3) weighing ethyl orthosilicate, adding the ethyl orthosilicate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 50%, uniformly mixing, adding a scandium oxide crystal, and uniformly mixing again to form a scandium oxide composite mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol solution is 1: 2-6, and the mass ratio of the scandium oxide crystal to the ethyl orthosilicate is 1: 3.2-5.8.
Preferably, the step 2 specifically comprises:
(1) weighing carbon fibers, washing the carbon fibers by using purified water and acetone in sequence, and drying to obtain a carbon fiber pretreatment substance;
(2) adding the carbon fiber pretreatment product into the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and continuously stirring until a non-flowing colloid is formed to obtain a mixed colloid; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber pretreatment product to the scandium oxide composite mixed liquid is 1: 15-18;
(3) and (3) flattening the mixed colloidal body, placing the mixed colloidal body in a high-temperature graphite furnace, heating to 1250-1500 ℃, then preserving heat and calcining for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, collecting the solid obtained by calcining, and crushing to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
Preferably, the particle size of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles obtained in the step 2 is 1-3 μm.
Preferably, the zirconium salt in step 3 is one of zirconium chloride, zirconium phosphate and zirconium nitrate.
Preferably, the step 3 specifically comprises:
(1) respectively weighing seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium salt, adding the seleno-L-cysteine and the zirconium salt into N, N-dimethylformamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed reaction solution; wherein the mol ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the zirconium salt is 3: 1-1.5, and the mass ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 20-30;
(2) adding scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles into the mixed reaction liquid, fully and uniformly mixing, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, treating the reaction kettle at 80-100 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, then carrying out suction filtration on the reaction liquid in the reaction kettle, washing filter residues with purified water and acetone in sequence, and then drying at 70-80 ℃ to obtain a zirconium selenide/scandium silicate/carbon fiber material, namely a modified carbon fiber composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to the mixed reaction liquid is 1: 12-18.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discloses modular waste gas purifying equipment containing a chemical filter material, which is used for purifying waste gas generated in the fields of industry, coal mining industry, metallurgy and the like. The waste gas purification equipment has high purification efficiency and is convenient to use, and large-particle substances, organic substances and other impurity gases in the waste gas are gradually treated by the three layers of purification modules, so that the discharged gas can finally reach the discharge standard in the industry.
2. The initial purification cavity adopts a flow dispersing plate and a guide plate to carry out initial treatment on waste gas, wherein the flow dispersing plate is prepared from a plate with uneven aperture size and disordered aperture orientation and is used for dispersing gas entering from a gas inlet to form disordered airflow, the guide plate is prepared from a plate with even aperture size and uniform aperture orientation and is used for guiding the disordered airflow of the flow dispersing plate to form more uniform and stable airflow, and the purpose of doing so is to enable the waste gas airflow to be stored in the limited cavity to the maximum extent, so that large granular substances in the waste gas are basically stopped in the cavity.
3. The reinforced purification cavity adopts a spraying system to further treat the waste gas, so that most harmful gases in the waste gas are blocked in the cavity. The spraying system is simple and convenient to operate, has a good purification effect on the waste gas, can capture components in the waste gas according to the characteristics of liquid, then remove the components through sedimentation and dissolution, and can reuse the treated waste water after purification. The liquid sprayed by the spray head can be acid liquid, alkali liquid or pure water, and the like, can be randomly selected according to the components in the waste gas, and has convenient operation and high purification efficiency. Wherein, the shower nozzle is high pressure nozzle and is the gondola water faucet form, and high pressure nozzle sets up to a plurality ofly, and messenger spun liquid that can be more abundant contacts with waste gas.
4. The high-efficiency purification cavity is mainly treated by a photocatalysis method and is used for treating residual waste gas impurities after treatment in the reinforced purification cavity. The device comprises a porous drying plate, a chemical filter material net and a UV light source, wherein the porous drying plate is used for spraying and treating gas after strengthening and purifying a cavity, the chemical filter material net is composed of activated carbon and photocatalytic substances, and under the action of the UV light source, organic matters are fully photolyzed and catalytically oxidized in the process that the gas passes through the chemical filter material net, so that the effect of purifying waste gas is realized. The chemical filter material net has strong adsorption capacity and stronger decomposability to waste gas impurities, and can be repeatedly used for many times.
5. Compared with the purification device on the market, the waste gas purification equipment can purify waste gas more quickly, has high purification efficiency and obvious effect, and can ensure that the emission meets the requirement of environmental protection.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of the following drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a modular exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention including a chemical filter.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a device shell 1, a purification chamber 2, a gas inlet 3, a gas outlet 4, an initial purification cavity 5, an enhanced purification cavity 6, a high-efficiency purification cavity 7, a flow dispersing plate 51, a flow guide plate 52, a high-pressure spray nozzle 61, a liquid leakage hole 62, a liquid inlet pipe 63, a liquid discharge pipe 64, a porous drying plate 71, a chemical filter material net 72 and a UV light source 73.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of more clearly illustrating the present invention and more clearly understanding the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will now be described in detail below, but are not to be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
The chemical filter material net used by the invention is prepared from a modified carbon fiber material with photocatalysis, and the preparation process comprises three steps: firstly, preparing a scandium oxide composite mixed solution by using scandium oxide powder and tetraethoxysilane; secondly, mixing carbon fibers with the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles; and thirdly, reacting seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium salt with scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to obtain the modified carbon fiber composite material.
The first step and the second step aim at generating firm scandium silicate particles on the surface of a substrate on the basis of carbon fibers serving as the substrate, and then generating zirconium selenide continuously on the surfaces of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles through reaction in the third step, wherein after observation of the zirconium selenide through an electron microscope, most of the zirconium selenide is nano-sheets vertically grown on the surfaces of the carbon fibers.
The carbon fiber has the excellent characteristics of high specific strength, high specific modulus, low temperature resistance and the like, has strong adsorbability, can adsorb organic gas in waste gas, has a large number of pores, grooves and the like on the surface, but has large surface inertia and weak interface bonding with a substrate. Therefore, firstly, the scandium silicate is synthesized on the surface of the carbon fiber through high temperature by using raw materials, so that the carbon fiber and the scandium silicate are combined more tightly, the scandium silicate can increase the roughness of the surface of the carbon fiber, and a foundation is made for subsequent grafting; secondly, the invention continues to graft on the surface of scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to generate nano-sheet zirconium selenide, thereby greatly increasing the specific surface area of the whole composite material and enabling the zirconium selenide grafting to be firmer. The silicate is used as a carrier and an adsorbent, photocatalysis can be rarely achieved, however, the traditional method of directly loading scandium silicate on active carbon is abandoned, scandium oxide and a silicon source (tetraethoxysilane) are loaded on carbon fibers through a unique method, and the obtained scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles have certain photocatalysis but weaker catalytic capability, so that zirconium selenide is generated on the basis of the structure of scandium silicate by using seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium salt, the photocatalysis performance can be greatly improved by combining the zirconium selenide and the scandium silicate, and the photocatalysis effect is not good by directly using the combination of the zirconium selenide and the scandium silicate.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A modular waste gas purifying device containing chemical filter materials is shown in figure 1 and comprises a device shell 1 and a purifying chamber 2, wherein the purifying chamber 2 is arranged inside the device shell 1, the left end of the device shell 1 is provided with a gas inlet 3, and the right end of the device shell 1 is provided with a gas outlet 4; the purification cavity 2 comprises an initial purification cavity 5, an enhanced purification cavity 6 and a high-efficiency purification cavity 7 which are sequentially communicated from left to right, wherein the left side of the initial purification cavity 5 is communicated with a gas inlet 3, and the right side of the high-efficiency purification cavity 7 is communicated with a gas outlet 4.
Gas sensors (not shown) are disposed at the gas inlet 3 and the gas outlet 4.
A diffuser plate 51 and a deflector plate 52 which are relatively parallel are arranged in the initial purifying cavity 5.
The diffuser 51 is made of a plate with uneven aperture and disordered aperture, and the deflector 52 is made of a plate with even aperture and uniform aperture.
The diffuser 51 is used for diffusing the gas entering from the gas inlet 3 to form a turbulent gas flow, and the deflector 52 is used for guiding the gas flow disturbed by the diffuser 51 to form a more uniform and stable gas flow.
The top of the interior of the reinforced purification cavity 6 is provided with a plurality of groups of high-pressure spray heads 61, and the bottom is provided with a liquid leakage hole 62; each high-pressure spray head 61 penetrates through the top of the reinforced purification cavity 6 and is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 63, and the lower end of a liquid leakage hole 62 is connected with a liquid discharge pipe 64.
The high pressure nozzle 61 is in the shape of a shower head.
The liquid sprayed by the high-pressure spray head 61 is one of water, acid liquor and alkali liquor.
A porous drying plate 71, a chemical filter material net 72 and a UV light source 73 are arranged in the high-efficiency purification cavity 7; the porous drying plate 71 is arranged at one side close to the reinforced purifying cavity 6, the chemical filter material net 72 is at least two layers and arranged at the right side of the porous drying plate 71, and the UV light source 73 is arranged between the chemical filter material nets 72.
The chemical filter material net 72 is provided with three layers and arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, and two groups of UV light sources 73 are arranged between every two layers of the chemical filter material net 72.
The chemical filter material net 72 is made of a modified carbon fiber composite material with a photocatalytic effect.
The preparation method of the modified carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a scandium oxide composite mixed solution by using scandium oxide powder and tetraethoxysilane;
step 2, mixing carbon fibers with the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles;
and 3, reacting seleno-L-cysteine, zirconium chloride and scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to obtain the modified carbon fiber composite material.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing scandium oxide powder, mixing the scandium oxide powder with hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, heating to 60-80 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a scandium oxide solution; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium oxide powder to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 14;
(2) cooling the scandium oxide solution to 35-40 ℃, continuously stirring during the period, setting the stirring speed to 600-800 rpm when solids are gradually separated out from the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution and collecting solid particles when the solids in the reaction solution are not increased, and washing and drying the solid particles in sequence to obtain a scandium oxide crystal;
(3) weighing ethyl orthosilicate, adding the ethyl orthosilicate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 50%, uniformly mixing, adding a scandium oxide crystal, and uniformly mixing again to form a scandium oxide composite mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol solution is 1: 2-6, and the mass ratio of the scandium oxide crystal to the ethyl orthosilicate is 1: 4.6.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing carbon fibers, washing the carbon fibers by using purified water and acetone in sequence, and drying to obtain a carbon fiber pretreatment substance;
(2) adding the carbon fiber pretreatment product into the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and continuously stirring until a non-flowing colloid is formed to obtain a mixed colloid; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber pretreatment product to the scandium oxide composite mixed liquid is 1: 16;
(3) and (3) flattening the mixed colloidal body, placing the mixed colloidal body in a high-temperature graphite furnace, heating to 1250-1500 ℃, then preserving heat and calcining for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, collecting the solid obtained by calcining, and crushing to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
The particle size of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles obtained in the step 2 is 1-3 μm.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium chloride, adding the seleno-L-cysteine and the zirconium chloride into N, N-dimethylformamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed reaction solution; wherein the mol ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the zirconium chloride is 3:1.2, and the mass ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 25;
(2) adding scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles into the mixed reaction liquid, fully and uniformly mixing, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, treating the reaction kettle at 80-100 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, then carrying out suction filtration on the reaction liquid in the reaction kettle, washing filter residues with purified water and acetone in sequence, and then drying at 70-80 ℃ to obtain a zirconium selenide/scandium silicate/carbon fiber material, namely a modified carbon fiber composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to the mixed reaction liquid is 1: 16.
Example 2
A modular waste gas purifying device containing chemical filter materials is shown in figure 1 and comprises a device shell 1 and a purifying chamber 2, wherein the purifying chamber 2 is arranged inside the device shell 1, the left end of the device shell 1 is provided with a gas inlet 3, and the right end of the device shell 1 is provided with a gas outlet 4; the purification cavity 2 comprises an initial purification cavity 5, an enhanced purification cavity 6 and a high-efficiency purification cavity 7 which are sequentially communicated from left to right, wherein the left side of the initial purification cavity 5 is communicated with a gas inlet 3, and the right side of the high-efficiency purification cavity 7 is communicated with a gas outlet 4.
Gas sensors (not shown) are disposed at the gas inlet 3 and the gas outlet 4.
A diffuser plate 51 and a deflector plate 52 which are relatively parallel are arranged in the initial purifying cavity 5.
The diffuser 51 is made of a plate with uneven aperture and disordered aperture, and the deflector 52 is made of a plate with even aperture and uniform aperture.
The diffuser 51 is used for diffusing the gas entering from the gas inlet 3 to form a turbulent gas flow, and the deflector 52 is used for guiding the gas flow disturbed by the diffuser 51 to form a more uniform and stable gas flow.
The top of the interior of the reinforced purification cavity 6 is provided with a plurality of groups of high-pressure spray heads 61, and the bottom is provided with a liquid leakage hole 62; each high-pressure spray head 61 penetrates through the top of the reinforced purification cavity 6 and is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 63, and the lower end of a liquid leakage hole 62 is connected with a liquid discharge pipe 64.
The high pressure nozzle 61 is in the shape of a shower head.
The liquid sprayed by the high-pressure spray head 61 is one of water, acid liquor and alkali liquor.
A porous drying plate 71, a chemical filter material net 72 and a UV light source 73 are arranged in the high-efficiency purification cavity 7; the porous drying plate 71 is arranged at one side close to the reinforced purifying cavity 6, the chemical filter material net 72 is at least two layers and arranged at the right side of the porous drying plate 71, and the UV light source 73 is arranged between the chemical filter material nets 72.
The chemical filter material net 72 is provided with three layers and arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, and two groups of UV light sources 73 are arranged between every two layers of the chemical filter material net 72.
The chemical filter material net 72 is made of a modified carbon fiber composite material with a photocatalytic effect.
The preparation method of the modified carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a scandium oxide composite mixed solution by using scandium oxide powder and tetraethoxysilane;
step 2, mixing carbon fibers with the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles;
and 3, reacting seleno-L-cysteine, zirconium phosphate and scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to obtain the modified carbon fiber composite material.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing scandium oxide powder, mixing the scandium oxide powder with hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, heating to 60-80 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a scandium oxide solution; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium oxide powder to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 12;
(2) cooling the scandium oxide solution to 35-40 ℃, continuously stirring during the period, setting the stirring speed to 600-800 rpm when solids are gradually separated out from the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution and collecting solid particles when the solids in the reaction solution are not increased, and washing and drying the solid particles in sequence to obtain a scandium oxide crystal;
(3) weighing ethyl orthosilicate, adding the ethyl orthosilicate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 50%, uniformly mixing, adding a scandium oxide crystal, and uniformly mixing again to form a scandium oxide composite mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol solution is 1: 2-6, and the mass ratio of the scandium oxide crystal to the ethyl orthosilicate is 1: 3.2.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing carbon fibers, washing the carbon fibers by using purified water and acetone in sequence, and drying to obtain a carbon fiber pretreatment substance;
(2) adding the carbon fiber pretreatment product into the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and continuously stirring until a non-flowing colloid is formed to obtain a mixed colloid; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber pretreatment product to the scandium oxide composite mixed liquid is 1: 15;
(3) and (3) flattening the mixed colloidal body, placing the mixed colloidal body in a high-temperature graphite furnace, heating to 1250-1500 ℃, then preserving heat and calcining for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, collecting the solid obtained by calcining, and crushing to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
The particle size of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles obtained in the step 2 is 1-3 μm.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium phosphate, adding the seleno-L-cysteine and the zirconium phosphate into N, N-dimethylformamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed reaction solution; wherein the mol ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the zirconium phosphate is 3:1, and the mass ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 20;
(2) adding scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles into the mixed reaction liquid, fully and uniformly mixing, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, treating the reaction kettle at 80-100 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, then carrying out suction filtration on the reaction liquid in the reaction kettle, washing filter residues with purified water and acetone in sequence, and then drying at 70-80 ℃ to obtain a zirconium selenide/scandium silicate/carbon fiber material, namely a modified carbon fiber composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to the mixed reaction liquid is 1: 12.
Example 3
A modular waste gas purifying device containing chemical filter materials is shown in figure 1 and comprises a device shell 1 and a purifying chamber 2, wherein the purifying chamber 2 is arranged inside the device shell 1, the left end of the device shell 1 is provided with a gas inlet 3, and the right end of the device shell 1 is provided with a gas outlet 4; the purification cavity 2 comprises an initial purification cavity 5, an enhanced purification cavity 6 and a high-efficiency purification cavity 7 which are sequentially communicated from left to right, wherein the left side of the initial purification cavity 5 is communicated with a gas inlet 3, and the right side of the high-efficiency purification cavity 7 is communicated with a gas outlet 4.
Gas sensors (not shown) are disposed at the gas inlet 3 and the gas outlet 4.
A diffuser plate 51 and a deflector plate 52 which are relatively parallel are arranged in the initial purifying cavity 5.
The diffuser 51 is made of a plate with uneven aperture and disordered aperture, and the deflector 52 is made of a plate with even aperture and uniform aperture.
The diffuser 51 is used for diffusing the gas entering from the gas inlet 3 to form a turbulent gas flow, and the deflector 52 is used for guiding the gas flow disturbed by the diffuser 51 to form a more uniform and stable gas flow.
The top of the interior of the reinforced purification cavity 6 is provided with a plurality of groups of high-pressure spray heads 61, and the bottom is provided with a liquid leakage hole 62; each high-pressure spray head 61 penetrates through the top of the reinforced purification cavity 6 and is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 63, and the lower end of a liquid leakage hole 62 is connected with a liquid discharge pipe 64.
The high pressure nozzle 61 is in the shape of a shower head.
The liquid sprayed by the high-pressure spray head 61 is one of water, acid liquor and alkali liquor.
A porous drying plate 71, a chemical filter material net 72 and a UV light source 73 are arranged in the high-efficiency purification cavity 7; the porous drying plate 71 is arranged at one side close to the reinforced purifying cavity 6, the chemical filter material net 72 is at least two layers and arranged at the right side of the porous drying plate 71, and the UV light source 73 is arranged between the chemical filter material nets 72.
The chemical filter material net 72 is provided with three layers and arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, and two groups of UV light sources 73 are arranged between every two layers of the chemical filter material net 72.
The chemical filter material net 72 is made of a modified carbon fiber composite material with a photocatalytic effect.
The preparation method of the modified carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a scandium oxide composite mixed solution by using scandium oxide powder and tetraethoxysilane;
step 2, mixing carbon fibers with the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles;
and 3, reacting seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium nitrate with scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to obtain the modified carbon fiber composite material.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing scandium oxide powder, mixing the scandium oxide powder with hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, heating to 60-80 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a scandium oxide solution; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium oxide powder to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 15;
(2) cooling the scandium oxide solution to 35-40 ℃, continuously stirring during the period, setting the stirring speed to 600-800 rpm when solids are gradually separated out from the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution and collecting solid particles when the solids in the reaction solution are not increased, and washing and drying the solid particles in sequence to obtain a scandium oxide crystal;
(3) weighing ethyl orthosilicate, adding the ethyl orthosilicate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 50%, uniformly mixing, adding a scandium oxide crystal, and uniformly mixing again to form a scandium oxide composite mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol solution is 1: 2-6, and the mass ratio of the scandium oxide crystal to the ethyl orthosilicate is 1: 5.8.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing carbon fibers, washing the carbon fibers by using purified water and acetone in sequence, and drying to obtain a carbon fiber pretreatment substance;
(2) adding the carbon fiber pretreatment product into the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and continuously stirring until a non-flowing colloid is formed to obtain a mixed colloid; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber pretreatment product to the scandium oxide composite mixed liquid is 1: 18;
(3) and (3) flattening the mixed colloidal body, placing the mixed colloidal body in a high-temperature graphite furnace, heating to 1250-1500 ℃, then preserving heat and calcining for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, collecting the solid obtained by calcining, and crushing to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
The particle size of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles obtained in the step 2 is 1-3 μm.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing seleno-L-cysteine and zirconium nitrate, adding the seleno-L-cysteine and the zirconium nitrate into N, N-dimethylformamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed reaction solution; wherein the mol ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the zirconium nitrate is 3:1.5, and the mass ratio of the seleno-L-cysteine to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 1: 30;
(2) adding scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles into the mixed reaction liquid, fully and uniformly mixing, pouring into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, treating the reaction kettle at 80-100 ℃ for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, then carrying out suction filtration on the reaction liquid in the reaction kettle, washing filter residues with purified water and acetone in sequence, and then drying at 70-80 ℃ to obtain a zirconium selenide/scandium silicate/carbon fiber material, namely a modified carbon fiber composite material; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles to the mixed reaction liquid is 1: 18.
Comparative example 1
A chemical filter material net is prepared from modified carbon fiber composite material with photocatalysis.
The preparation method of the modified carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing scandium silicate powder and deionized water to obtain a scandium silicate composite mixed solution;
and 2, mixing the carbon fiber and the scandium silicate composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
In the step 1, the mass ratio of the zirconium selenide powder to the deionized water is 1: 14.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing carbon fibers, washing the carbon fibers by using purified water and acetone in sequence, and drying to obtain a carbon fiber pretreatment substance;
(2) adding the carbon fiber pretreatment product into the scandium silicate composite mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a carbon fiber mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber pretreatment product to the scandium silicate composite mixed liquid is 1: 16;
(3) adding the carbon fiber mixed solution into a reaction kettle, heating to 180-200 ℃, then carrying out heat preservation treatment for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, collecting the solid obtained by the reaction, washing with water, and drying to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
The particle size of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles obtained in the step 2 is 1-3 μm.
Comparative example 2
A chemical filter material net is prepared from modified carbon fiber composite material with photocatalysis.
The preparation method of the modified carbon fiber composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a scandium oxide composite mixed solution by using scandium oxide powder and tetraethoxysilane;
and 2, mixing the carbon fiber and the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and calcining at high temperature to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing scandium oxide powder, mixing the scandium oxide powder with hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, heating to 60-80 ℃, and continuously stirring until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain a scandium oxide solution; wherein the mass ratio of the scandium oxide powder to the hydrochloric acid is 1: 14;
(2) cooling the scandium oxide solution to 35-40 ℃, continuously stirring during the period, setting the stirring speed to 600-800 rpm when solids are gradually separated out from the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution and collecting solid particles when the solids in the reaction solution are not increased, and washing and drying the solid particles in sequence to obtain a scandium oxide crystal;
(3) weighing ethyl orthosilicate, adding the ethyl orthosilicate into an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 50%, uniformly mixing, adding a scandium oxide crystal, and uniformly mixing again to form a scandium oxide composite mixed solution; wherein the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the ethanol solution is 1: 2-6, and the mass ratio of the scandium oxide crystal to the ethyl orthosilicate is 1: 4.6.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing carbon fibers, washing the carbon fibers by using purified water and acetone in sequence, and drying to obtain a carbon fiber pretreatment substance;
(2) adding the carbon fiber pretreatment product into the scandium oxide composite mixed solution, and continuously stirring until a non-flowing colloid is formed to obtain a mixed colloid; wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber pretreatment product to the scandium oxide composite mixed liquid is 1: 16;
(3) and (3) flattening the mixed colloidal body, placing the mixed colloidal body in a high-temperature graphite furnace, heating to 1250-1500 ℃, then preserving heat and calcining for 8-12 h, cooling to room temperature, collecting the solid obtained by calcining, and crushing to obtain scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles.
The particle size of the scandium silicate/carbon fiber particles obtained in the step 2 is 1-3 μm.
To illustrate the present invention more clearly, the core performance of the chemical filter material nets prepared in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 of the present invention was compared, wherein the chemical filter material nets in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 of the present invention were prepared in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having a size of 5cm × 5cm × 2cm, and were placed in three 20L airtight boxes, respectively, 30W ultraviolet lamps were placed in each airtight box, and a mixed gas of formaldehyde, ammonia gas, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide was introduced, respectively, so that the concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia gas, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the airtight boxes were all 100mg/L, and the purification rates of the respective gases were measured after 0.5/1/2 hours of treatment, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of different gas treatments with different filter materials
Figure BDA0003093435510000111
Figure BDA0003093435510000121
As can be seen from table 1, the adsorption capacity and the purification rate of the chemical filter material net prepared in example 1 of the present invention to volatile harmful gases are higher than those of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 at the same time, and the purification rate in 4 hours can be higher than 90%, especially the purification rate of ammonia gas can reach 99.7%, which shows that the chemical filter material net prepared in example 1 of the present invention has a better purification rate to volatile harmful gases; while comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were not much different in purification efficiency in the previous hour, it is likely that the adsorbability of the activated carbon itself played a major role, and at the 2 nd hour, the photocatalytic purification effect of comparative example 2 itself was exhibited, but not ideal enough, to the extent of comparative example 1.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The modular waste gas purification equipment containing the chemical filter material is characterized by comprising an equipment shell and a purification chamber, wherein the purification chamber is arranged inside the equipment shell, the left end of the equipment shell is provided with a gas inlet, and the right end of the equipment shell is provided with a gas outlet; the purification cavity comprises an initial purification cavity, an enhanced purification cavity and a high-efficiency purification cavity which are sequentially communicated from left to right, the left side of the initial purification cavity is communicated with a gas inlet, and the right side of the high-efficiency purification cavity is communicated with a gas outlet.
2. The modular exhaust gas purification apparatus with chemical filter according to claim 1, wherein gas sensors are provided at both the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
3. The modular exhaust purification device with chemical filter material of claim 1, wherein the initial purification chamber is provided with a diffuser plate and a deflector plate which are relatively parallel.
4. The modular exhaust gas purification apparatus with chemical filter according to claim 3, wherein the diffuser is made of a plate with non-uniform pore size and disordered pore orientation, and the deflector is made of a plate with uniform pore size and uniform pore orientation.
5. The modular exhaust gas purification device with chemical filter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of the reinforced purification chamber is provided with a plurality of groups of high pressure nozzles, and the bottom is provided with a liquid leakage hole; each high-pressure spray head penetrates through the top of the reinforced purification cavity and is connected with the liquid inlet pipe, and the lower end of the liquid leakage hole is connected with the liquid discharge pipe.
6. The modular exhaust purification apparatus with chemical filter according to claim 5, wherein the high pressure nozzle is in the shape of a shower head.
7. The modular exhaust gas purifying apparatus with chemical filter material as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the liquid sprayed from the high pressure spray head is one of water, acid solution and alkali solution.
8. The modular exhaust gas purification device with chemical filter material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a porous drying plate, a chemical filter material net and a UV light source are arranged in the high-efficiency purification chamber; wherein, porous drying plate sets up in the one side that is close to the intensive purification cavity, and chemical filter material net has at least two-layer and sets up in the right side of porous drying plate, and the UV light source sets up between the chemical filter material net.
9. The modular exhaust gas purification apparatus with chemical filter according to claim 8, wherein the chemical filter net is provided with three layers and arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, and two sets of UV light sources are provided between each two layers of the chemical filter net.
10. The modular exhaust gas purification device with chemical filter according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the chemical filter net is made of a modified carbon fiber composite material with photocatalytic effect.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101209411A (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 田鸿彬 Active carbon fiber with nano photocatalyst and processing method thereof
KR101496752B1 (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-27 한국에너지기술연구원 Dual phase oxygen separation membrane and manufacturing method thereof
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