CN113304406B - Self-adaptive radiotherapy system based on image processing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adaptive radiotherapy method based on image processing, in particular to the technical field of image processing, which mainly comprises the following steps: acquiring a tissue density image of a target tissue in an initial state, and screening out a region within a preset density range according to the tissue density image to serve as a target region; setting an initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area; the tissue density at the target area is adjusted back according to the initial adjustment quantity, and the tissue at the target area begins to be heated; under the heating state, calculating the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature, and calling a corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter; and scaling the initial adjustment amount according to the scaling coefficient, and calling back the tissue density at the target region according to the scaled adjustment amount. The invention adjusts the scaling coefficient of the regulating quantity in real time according to the temperature field, the heat loss degree and the perfusion rate, thereby leading the regulating quantity to be capable of dynamically changing according to the change of the activation energy of the biological tissue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to an adaptive radiotherapy system based on image processing.
Background
In modern science, researches on biological tissues are increasingly intensive, and particularly researches on harmless treatment of malignant biological tissues are extremely hot. Generally, malignant tissue has specific structural density characteristics compared with normal tissue in biological tissue, so in the existing method for eliminating malignant tissue in biological tissue, the range of a malignant tissue region is judged based on a structural density image of the biological tissue, and then the malignant tissue region is ablated by radioactive rays, so that the structural density of a target region can be restored to a normal level again, and the target region is made harmless. However, since the structural density of the malignant tissue is dynamically changed under the irradiation of the radiation, the dose of the radiation needs to be dynamically optimized in real time according to the structural density. Meanwhile, with the addition of the irrigator in the process of eliminating the malignant tissues, the activation energy of the biological tissues is changed, so that the strain capacity of the biological tissues to radioactive rays is also changed, and the minimum effective requirement for the radioactive rays (the minimum required quantity of the radioactive rays capable of eliminating the malignant tissues) is also changed. Based on the above, how to realize reasonable adjustment of radioactive rays under the condition of dynamic change of biological tissue activation energy and structural density is the problem to be solved by the invention. The main idea of the present invention is to consider the characteristic of dynamic change of the structure density of malignant tissues, and the characteristic that the tissue density image can well feed back the malignant tissues.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the change of the structural density change to the radioactive ray demand in the process of eliminating the malignant tissue and the change of the strain capacity to the radioactive ray caused by the change of the activation energy of the biological tissue due to the addition of the perfusion device, the invention provides an adaptive radiotherapy method based on image processing, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a tissue density image of a target tissue in an initial state, and screening out a region within a preset density range according to the tissue density image to serve as a target region;
s2: setting an initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area;
s3: the tissue density at the target area is adjusted back according to the initial adjustment quantity, and the tissue at the target area begins to be heated;
s4: under the heating state, calculating the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature, and calling a corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter;
s5: and scaling the initial adjustment amount according to the scaling coefficient, and calling back the tissue density at the target region according to the scaled adjustment amount.
Further, the density-affecting parameters include a temperature field, a heat loss degree and a perfusion rate, and step S3 is followed by the step of:
s31: the perfusion treatment is carried out on the target tissue through the perfusion device, so that the activation energy of the biological tissue is improved.
Further, the temperature field, the heat loss degree, the perfusion rate and the scaling factor are in a contrast relationship, and before step S1, the method further includes the steps of:
s0: and establishing a comparison relation table according to the comparison relation among the temperature field, the heat loss degree, the perfusion rate and the scaling coefficient.
Further, the degree of heat loss may be expressed by a first formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to obtain the degree of heat loss with the variation of real-time temperature T and time T, A is a pre-index,
for activation energy, R is the molar gas constant.
Further, the perfusion rate may be represented by a second formula, which is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the perfusion rate is real-time perfusion rate,
initial perfusion rate;
is a dimensionless coefficient related to perfusion rate with temperature T and extent of heat loss
Is relevant.
Further, the step of S5 is followed by the step of:
s6: acquiring a tissue density image of the target tissue in a heating state, judging whether the tissue density of the target area is lower than a preset density range, if so, ending the stabilization, and if not, entering the step S61:
s61: whether the target region has changed or not is determined from the tissue density image in the heated state of the target tissue, and if so, the target region is corrected and the process returns to step S4, otherwise, the process returns to step S4.
Further, when the target tissue is in a heated state, the method further comprises the following steps:
and correcting the tissue density image in the initial state according to the temperature field at the current temperature, and correcting the initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area in the tissue density image.
The invention also provides an adaptive radiotherapy system based on image processing, which comprises:
the target screening module is used for acquiring a tissue density image of a target tissue in an initial state and screening out a region within a preset density range as a target region according to the tissue density image;
the initial value setting module is used for setting an initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area and scaling the initial adjustment amount according to the scaling coefficient;
the density stabilizing module is used for callback the tissue density at the target area according to the initial adjustment quantity or the initial adjustment quantity after the zooming, and heating the tissue at the target area in the callback process;
and the coefficient calling module is used for calculating the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature in the heating state and calling the corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter.
Further, the density influence parameters comprise a temperature field, a heat loss degree and a perfusion rate, and the density stabilizing module further comprises a perfusion device, wherein the perfusion device is used for performing perfusion treatment on the target tissue and improving the activation energy of the biological tissue.
The device further comprises a correction module, wherein the correction module is used for correcting a target area when the target area in the target tissue changes according to the tissue density image in the heating state of the target tissue; and the temperature field correction module is also used for correcting the tissue density image in the initial state according to the temperature field at the current temperature and correcting the initial adjustment quantity according to the density of the target area in the tissue density image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the image processing-based adaptive radiotherapy system, after the initial regulating quantity is obtained according to the tissue density of the target area in the initial state, the scaling coefficient of the regulating quantity is regulated in real time according to the temperature field, the heat loss degree and the perfusion rate in the heating state, so that the regulating quantity can be dynamically changed according to the change of the activation energy of biological tissues;
(2) scaling the required adjustment by a scaling factor to give a smaller adjustment when the target area is about to be normal to achieve the same effect;
(3) according to the tissue density image in the heating state, the range of the target area is corrected in real time, and the malignant tissue is guaranteed not to be excessively damaged after being ablated and becoming normal;
(4) the initial adjustment amount is corrected based on the tissue density image in the heated state, and the deviation caused by fluctuation of the required initial adjustment amount due to density variation is further reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method step diagram of an adaptive radiotherapy method based on image processing;
fig. 2 is a system structure diagram of an adaptive radiotherapy system based on image processing.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example one
Since the malignant tissue (deteriorated biological tissue) has a large difference in the biological structural characteristics as compared with the biological tissue in the normal state, and the tissue density of the malignant tissue is also large as compared with the biological tissue in the normal state, generally, the malignant tissue is in an aggregated and hardened state, the tissue density is large, and the specific malignant tissue has a specific tissue density range. Therefore, the target region to be eliminated can be screened according to the density range specific to the malignant tissue by utilizing the characteristic that the biological tissue structure has different densities.
In the conventional method for eliminating malignant tissue in biological tissue, the target region is divided based on the above-mentioned characteristics of different tissue densities, and then the malignant tissue is ablated by irradiation of radioactive rays. However, the conventional method does not adjust the radioactive rays throughout the elimination process, which always maintains a certain exposure amount. Because of the characteristics of the biological structure, the outer layer of malignant tissue is most easily ablated, so that after a part of the malignant tissue is ablated, the tissue density and the tissue volume of the malignant tissue are changed, the change is dynamic, and if a certain amount of radioactive ray irradiation is always kept, irreversible damage to the biological tissue which tends to be normal is inevitable. In order to reduce the irradiation amount of radioactive rays to biological tissues, the prior art also improves the biological activation energy by heating the biological tissues and perfusing the target tissues through a perfusion device, thereby realizing the same ablation effect under the condition of reducing the radioactive rays. In this case, it becomes more complicated how to adjust the radioactive rays reasonably and effectively.
In order to solve the problem that the structural density change affects the radioactive ray demand in the process of eliminating the malignant tissue and the problem that the adding of the perfusion device causes the change of the biological tissue activation energy to cause the change of the radioactive ray strain capacity, as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an adaptive radiotherapy method based on image processing, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a tissue density image of a target tissue in an initial state, and screening out a region within a preset density range according to the tissue density image to be used as a target region (the preset density range is set according to a tissue density range interval specific to malignant tissue to be eliminated);
s2: setting an initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area;
s3: the tissue density at the target area is adjusted back according to the initial adjustment quantity, and the tissue at the target area begins to be heated;
s4: under the heating state, calculating the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature, and calling a corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter (the scaling coefficient is 1 under the initial state);
s5: and scaling the initial adjustment amount according to the scaling coefficient, and calling back the tissue density at the target region according to the scaled adjustment amount.
In order to reduce the total amount of radioactive rays (adjustment amount) required while improving the radioactive ray receiving capability of the biological tissue, the method further includes, after step S3:
s31: the perfusion treatment is carried out on the target tissue through the perfusion device, so that the activation energy of the biological tissue is improved.
The density influencing parameters according to the present invention include temperature field, heat loss degree and perfusion rate, considering that the structural density characteristics of living tissue itself may change in the heated state, and that excessive temperature may damage the living tissue. In order to quickly match the corresponding scaling factors according to the density influencing parameters, the method further includes, before step S1:
s0: and establishing a comparison relation table according to the comparison relation among the temperature field, the heat loss degree, the perfusion rate and the scaling coefficient. The comparison relation table is established by sequentially adjusting the density influence parameters and acquiring the optimal adjustment quantity under the configuration according to the configuration of the density influence parameters under different adjustment states.
In the density-influencing parameter, the temperature field in the heated biological tissue is a transient temperature field due to the constant change of the internal temperature of the biological tissue, and the formula can be used for the temperature field
Wherein x, y and z are coordinates in a three-dimensional coordinate system, T is time, and T is temperature. The specific acquisition mode of the temperature field is various, such as thermal imaging and nuclear magnetic temperature measurementThe detection of the real-time temperature field of the biological tissue can be realized, and therefore, the specific acquisition mode of the temperature field is not repeated in this embodiment.
The degree of heat loss can be obtained by a first formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to obtain the degree of heat loss with the variation of real-time temperature T and time T, A is a pre-index,
r is the molar gas constant, the activation energy of biological tissue. It should be noted that heating at a reasonable temperature, in which the heat loss is below 1, is possible, but if the heating temperature is too high or the heating time is too long, the heat loss gradually increases to a value greater than 1, and the biological tissue in the temperature field is irreparably damaged, so that in the heating of the malignant tissue of the target region, too high a heat loss should be avoided as much as possible.
While perfusion rate can be expressed by a second formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the perfusion rate is real-time perfusion rate,
initial perfusion rate;
is a dimensionless coefficient which is related to perfusion rate with temperatureDegree T and degree of heat loss
Is relevant. The perfusion is to improve activation energy and accelerate ablation speed of malignant tissues by increasing oxygen content of biological tissues and inhibiting malignant tissue repair, and meanwhile, the perfusion is influenced by a temperature field, and when the temperature is too high, the perfusion loses effect, so that the influence of too high temperature on the perfusion is avoided while a high perfusion rate is ensured.
In step S4, the specific values of the parameters in the density-influencing parameters are obtained based on the above-mentioned manner, and then the corresponding scaling coefficients are retrieved from the lookup table to scale the initial adjustment amount, it should be noted that scaling may include reduction and enlargement, because when the tissue density in the target region is adjusted back by a certain adjustment amount, the outermost malignant tissue is ablated first under the combined action of the radioactive ray and the temperature field, and thus, at this time, a small-scale adjustment is required to be performed to eliminate the partially ablated malignant tissue compared with the adjustment amount in the initial state, so that the radioactive ray with an excessively large adjustment amount is used in the process of treating the partially ablated malignant tissue.
Further, considering that the malignant tissue in the target region changes its overall volume as the malignant tissue is ablated during the ablation process, so as to avoid the radioactive ray damaging the biological tissue which is already normal, the method further includes, after step S5, the steps of:
s6: acquiring a tissue density image of the target tissue in a heating state, judging whether the tissue density of the target area is lower than a preset density range, if so, ending the stabilization, and if not, entering the step S61:
s61: whether the target region has changed or not is determined from the tissue density image in the heated state of the target tissue, and if so, the target region is corrected and the process returns to step S4, otherwise, the process returns to step S4.
Meanwhile, the initial adjustment amount in the present invention is not constant, because the tissue density of the malignant tissue changes with the continuous ablation of the malignant tissue, and when the tissue density changes, the method further comprises the following steps: the tissue density image in the initial state is corrected according to the temperature field at the current temperature, and the initial adjustment amount is corrected according to the density of the target area in the tissue density image, so that the deviation caused by fluctuation of the required initial adjustment amount due to density change is reduced. It should be noted that the sequence of the steps is not limited to the order of the other steps, and the steps are flexibly inserted into the malignant tissue elimination process according to the requirement.
Example two
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the present embodiment illustrates the present invention by the form of a system structure, as shown in fig. 2, an adaptive radiotherapy system based on image processing, comprising:
the target screening module is used for acquiring a tissue density image of a target tissue in an initial state and screening out a region within a preset density range as a target region according to the tissue density image;
the initial value setting module is used for setting an initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area and scaling the initial adjustment amount according to the scaling coefficient;
the density stabilizing module is used for callback the tissue density at the target area according to the initial adjustment quantity or the initial adjustment quantity after the zooming, and heating the tissue at the target area in the callback process;
and the coefficient calling module is used for calculating the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature in the heating state and calling the corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter.
The density stabilizing module further comprises a perfusion device used for carrying out perfusion treatment on the target tissue and improving the activation energy of the biological tissue.
The device also comprises a correction module used for correcting the target area when the target area in the target tissue changes according to the tissue density image in the heating state of the target tissue; and the temperature field correction module is also used for correcting the tissue density image in the initial state according to the temperature field at the current temperature and correcting the initial adjustment quantity according to the density of the target area in the tissue density image.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and the above functional description, after the target screening module screens out the target region, the initial value setting module sets the initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target region. Generally, to this point, the data acquisition and setup steps of the conventional method are terminated, and the amount of radioactive emissions is then adjusted based on the initial adjustment to eliminate the malignant tissue. The invention fully considers the influence of the temperature field and the perfusion apparatus added after the optimization of the conventional method on the radioactive ray demand.
Firstly, in a heating state, the coefficient calling module calculates the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature, and calls the corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter.
Wherein, the temperature field can be obtained by the prior art, and the heat loss degree needs to be calculated by combining the actual heating time and the heating temperature, and can be expressed by a first formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to obtain the degree of heat loss with the variation of real-time temperature T and time T, A is a pre-index,
r is the molar gas constant, the activation energy of biological tissue.
The perfusion rate needs to take into account the influence of the temperature field and the heat loss degree, which can be expressed by a second formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the perfusion rate is real-time perfusion rate,
initial perfusion rate;
is a dimensionless coefficient related to perfusion rate with temperature T and extent of heat loss
Is relevant.
And then the initial value setting module adjusts the initial adjustment quantity according to the called scaling coefficient, and the density stabilizing module adjusts back the tissue density in the target area according to the scaled initial adjustment quantity.
In the process, the change of the target area caused by the ablation of malignant tissues and the influence of the change of the tissue density on the initial adjustment amount need to be considered, so a correction module is arranged in the invention, the tissue density image in the initial state is corrected according to the temperature field at the current temperature through the correction module, and the initial adjustment amount is corrected according to the density of the target area in the tissue density image.
In summary, according to the adaptive radiotherapy method and system based on image processing, after the initial adjustment amount is obtained according to the tissue density in the initial state of the target region, the scaling coefficient of the adjustment amount is adjusted in real time according to the temperature field, the heat loss degree and the perfusion rate in the heating state, so that the adjustment amount can be dynamically changed according to the change of the activation energy of the biological tissue.
The amount of adjustment required is scaled by a scaling factor to give a smaller amount of adjustment to achieve the same effect when the target area is about to be normalized.
According to the tissue density image in the heating state, the range of the target area is corrected in real time, and the malignant tissue is guaranteed not to be excessively damaged after ablation and the malignant tissue tends to be normal. The initial adjustment amount is corrected based on the tissue density image in the heated state, and the deviation caused by fluctuation of the required initial adjustment amount due to density variation is further reduced.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Moreover, descriptions of the present invention as relating to "first," "second," "a," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit ly indicating a number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An adaptive radiotherapy system based on image processing, comprising:
the target screening module is used for acquiring a tissue density image of a target tissue in an initial state and screening out a region within a preset density range as a target region according to the tissue density image;
the initial value setting module is used for setting an initial adjustment amount according to the density of the target area and scaling the initial adjustment amount according to the scaling coefficient;
the density stabilizing module is used for callback the tissue density at the target area according to the initial adjustment quantity or the initial adjustment quantity after the zooming, and heating the tissue at the target area in the callback process;
the coefficient calling module is used for calculating the current density influence parameter according to the real-time temperature in a heating state and calling a corresponding scaling coefficient from the comparison relation table according to the density influence parameter;
the density influence parameters comprise a temperature field, a heat loss degree and a perfusion rate, and the density stabilizing module further comprises a perfusion device which is used for performing perfusion treatment on the target tissue and improving the activation energy of the biological tissue;
the device also comprises a correction module, wherein the correction module is used for correcting a target area when the target area in the target tissue changes according to the tissue density image in the heating state of the target tissue; and the temperature field correction module is also used for correcting the tissue density image in the initial state according to the temperature field at the current temperature and correcting the initial adjustment quantity according to the density of the target area in the tissue density image.
2. An image processing based adaptive radiotherapy system according to claim 1, wherein said degree of thermal loss is expressed by a first formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to obtain the degree of heat loss with the variation of real-time temperature T and time T, A is a pre-index,
for activation energy, R is the molar gas constant.
3. An image processing based adaptive radiotherapy system according to claim 2, wherein the perfusion rate is expressed by a second formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the perfusion rate is real-time perfusion rate,
initial perfusion rate;
is a dimensionless coefficient related to perfusion rate with temperature T and extent of heat loss
Is relevant.
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