CN113302280B - 保护个体运动的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开提供一种保护个体运动的方法,该方法预防与运动有关的有害作用并减轻个体的运动疲劳,从而增强身体表现并促进个体的抗疲劳和抗炎作用。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及保护个体进行运动的方法,例如,在个体中预防与运动有关的有害作用并减轻个体的运动疲劳,从而增强个体的体能表现(physical performance)并增加抗疲劳和抗炎作用。
背景技术
乳酸菌(Lactic Acid Bacteria,下称LAB)因具有调节宿主肠道菌群的能力,因此被认为是预防或治疗肠道健康的替代方法。近年来,已发现LAB对宿主的健康具有多种有益作用,并在足量施用时能够作为治疗手段,包括改变宿主对心理应激的心理和身体反应、减轻过敏反应、预防或治疗如便秘的功能性胃肠疾病。
运动时,经常引起肌肉损伤。损害可能源于与运动有关的应激(例如机械应激和炎性应激)的增加,并影响个体的表现。即使在肌肉损伤最小的情况下,也总是存在肌肉疲劳或酸痛,此为由于肌肉中局部发生代谢作用的突然变化而引起的。此外,长时间的剧烈运动可能会导致其他不利影响,这些影响不仅限于肌肉而且是全身性的,例如白血球活化、炎症、活性氧(ROS)产生以及肾脏损伤。
因此,期望提供一种有效的方法,该方法可以减少或防止与运动有关的肌肉损伤或疲劳,并保护个体免受其他相关的不利影响,从而增强运动表现。
发明内容
本公开已确认一种乳酸菌菌株可有效保护个体进行运动,具有抗疲劳和抗炎作用,从而增强个体的运动表现。在本公开中提供的乳酸菌是植物乳杆菌植物亚种(Lactobacillus plantarumsubsp.plantarum PS128)(下称PS128),其可用于保护个体并增强个体的身体表现。本公开还提供一种方法,该方法包括向个体施用包含有效量的植物乳杆菌植物亚种PS128的组合物。本公开的方法不仅提供减轻炎症和肾脏损伤的保护作用,同时还增强包括体力、能力或耐力的身体表现,并减少运动疲劳或肌肉损伤。
在本公开的具体实施例中,还提供一种用于保护个体并增强有此需要的个体身体表现的方法。根据本公开,该方法包括施用包含有效量的植物乳杆菌植物亚种PS128(以寄存编号DSM 28632寄存于DSMZ)及其载体。在本公开的具体实施例中,将所述组合物口服施用于有此需要的个体。
在一个具体实施例中,施用于个体的PS128的有效量为至少1×109CFU。在其他具体实施例中,PS128的有效量为至少1×109CFU、至少1×1010CFU或至少1×1011CFU,包括1×109CFU、2×109CFU、3×109CFU、4×109CFU、5×109CFU、6×109CFU、7×109CFU、8×109CFU、9×109CFU、1×1010CFU、2×1010CFU、3×1010CFU、4×1010CFU、5×1010CFU、6×1010CFU、7×1010CFU、8×1010CFU、9×1010CFU、1×1011CFU、2×1011CFU、3×1011CFU、4×1011CFU、5×1011CFU、6×1011CFU、7×1011CFU、8×1011CFU、和9×1011CFU,但不限于此。
附图说明
图1是针对被分为安慰剂(n=4)和PS128(n=4)组个体的例示性图表。在进行半程马拉松运动之前,个体需要每天服用两次胶囊,共三周(wks)。在七个不同的时间点(T0至T6)从个体获得血液和尿液样本,时间点是在T0:运动(半程马拉松)之前24小时(h);T1:运动后立即采样;T2:运动后3小时;T3:运动后24小时;T4:运动后48小时;T5:运动后72小时;T6:运动后96小时。
图2A和图2B显示安慰剂组和PS128组在不同时间点,与肌肉疲劳有关的生化指标浓度:氨(ammonia)浓度(图2A)和支链氨基酸浓度(图2B)。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,在组内进行比较。
图3A至图3C显示在不同时间点与肌肉损伤有关的生化指标浓度。图3A显示肌酸激酶浓度、图3B显示肌红蛋白浓度、图3C显示乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)浓度,分别在安慰剂组和PS128组的不同时间点。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05和**p<0.01,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,##p<0.01和###p<0.001,在组内进行比较。
图4A至图4D显示半程马拉松前后的促炎性细胞因子浓度。图4A显示TNF-α浓度、图4B显示IFN-γ浓度、图4C显示IL-6浓度、图4D分别显示安慰剂组和PS128组中的IL-8浓度。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,在组内进行比较。
图5A至图5D显示半程马拉松前后的肾脏损伤程度和与炎症相关的标志物浓度。图5A显示补体成分5a(C5a)浓度、图5B显示髓过氧化酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)浓度、图5C显示IL-10浓度、图5D分别显示安慰剂组和PS128组中的硫氧化还原蛋白浓度。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,在组内进行比较。
图6显示在不同时间点的安慰剂组和PS128组中的过氧化氢酶浓度。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05和**p<0.01,在各组之间进行比较。
图7A至图7D显示半程马拉松前后的无氧和有氧运动能力。图7A显示峰值无氧动力、图7B显示平均无氧动力、图7C显示疲劳指数、图7D分别显示安慰剂组和PS128组的力竭时间(exhaustive time)。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,在组内进行比较。
图8A和图8B显示在不同时间点的下肢力量。图8A显示反向运动跳跃高度,图8B分别显示安慰剂组和PS128组中的反向运动跳跃动力。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,与组内的T0相比。
图9A至图9D显示在不同时间点的下肢强度。图9A显示膝伸肌峰值力矩、图9B显示膝伸肌平均力矩、图9C显示膝屈肌峰值力矩、图9D分别显示安慰剂组和PS128组中的膝屈肌平均力矩。数据表示为平均值±SEM。*p<0.05,各组之间进行比较;#p<0.05,与组内的T0相比。
具体实施方式
如本文和权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一种(a)”、“一种(an)”和“该/所述(the)”除非内容另外明确指示,包括复数引用。
如本文所使用,术语“疲劳”是指骨骼肌疲劳和/或虚弱。肌肉疲劳可能是由于剧烈或反复身体活动或运动引起的疲劳症状,或影响肌纤维和/或肌肉动力。肌肉疲劳被定义为运动表现的衰竭。这可通过运动应激测试进行评估,并量化为在给定任务(例如,在跑步机上行走、慢跑或跑步)衰竭所需的时间。任务衰竭定义为由于无法继续而终止运动。此定义为肌肉疲劳。
如本文所使用,“减少运动疲劳”是指降低与肌肉疲劳有关的生化指标,例如血清中的氨和支链氨基酸。
如本文所使用,“预防肌肉损伤”是指在运动后抑制血液中诸如血清肌红蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)或肌酸激酶(CK)的肌肉损伤指标的浓度增加。如肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)之类的指标是肌肉细胞中所含的酶,当发生肌肉损伤时会释放到血液中,此后血液中的浓度会随着恢复而降低。因此,此等例如CK的肌肉损伤指标测量值可作为肌肉损伤的指标。
以下实施例用于说明本公开。本领域技术人员可以从此等实施例容易地想到本公开的其他优点和效果。本公开还可通过不脱离本公开精神的各种修改和改变来实现。应当理解,以下提供的实施例仅是本公开的示例,而不应视为对本公开范围的限制。
实施例
实施例1:血液和尿液样本分析显示PS128具有保护、抗疲劳和减少伤害的作用
通过在培养基中接种,在37℃下培养18小时并通过离心收集而制备PS128。以保护剂和赋形剂包埋并冻干PS128至最终浓度为1×1011菌落形成单位(CFU)/克粉末。将冻干的PS128粉末封装为胶囊。每个胶囊包含300mg冻干细菌粉末(相当于3×1010CFU)和100mg微晶纤维素赋形剂。安慰剂胶囊装有400mg微晶纤维素赋形剂。
在本项研究中招募的个体分为安慰剂组(n=4)和PS128组(n=4),并要求于半程马拉松之前每天服用两次胶囊(一次一粒),总共三周的时间。受招募的个体禁止食用其他益生菌,以避免在测试期间产生不必要的干扰。如以下表1和图1所示,在七个不同的时间点(T0至T6)从招募的个体中获取血液和尿液样本:T0:运动前24小时(预测试,-24小时);T1:运动后立即采样(0h);T2:运动后3小时(+3小时);T3:运动后24小时(+24小时);T4:运动后48小时(+48小时);T5:运动后72小时(+72小时);T6:运动后96小时(+96小时)。针对获得的每个血液和尿液样本,分析代表肌肉疲劳、肌肉损伤、炎症、肾动力和氧化应激的生化指标。
表1.不同时间点的样本和数据收集
*营养期刊(Nutrition 2018 Sep;53:34-37)。
**国际生物医学研究(Biomed.Res.Int.2014;2014:329328)。
1 VO2 max:最大摄氧量
2 EMG MF:肌电图的中值频率
3 MVIC:最大自发等长收缩(maximum voluntary isometric contraction)
4 DEXA:双能X射线吸收法(dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry)
如图2A和图2B所示,与肌肉疲劳有关的生化指标显示,例如氨(图2A)和支链氨基酸(BCAA)(图2B),与安慰剂组相比,PS128组观察到的疲劳较小(即较低的氨浓度和较高的BCAA浓度)。因此证明PS128调节BCAA(例如亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸)。另外,其他如苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺和组氨酸的氨基酸也经PS128调节。此外,还观察到PS128组个体的乳酸浓度降低。
另外,如图3A至图3C中,作为肌肉损伤指标的肌酸激酶(CK)、肌红蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在PS128组中均显示出显着降低,表示在PS128组中观察到的肌肉损伤较少。
此外,与安慰剂组相比,如肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IFN-γ(干扰素-γ)、IL-6和IL-8等炎症标志物于PS128组中的浓度明显降低,表示在接受PS128补充剂的个体中,PS128具有抗炎作用。如图4A至图4D所示,与在时间点T1,即刚运动后的安慰剂组相比,PS128组的促炎性细胞因子TNF-α(图4A)、IFN-γ(图4B)、IL-6(图4C)和IL-8(图4D)的浓度显着降低。
在使用PS128补充剂的PS128组中,观察到尿液中的肾脏损伤和炎症相关标志物,例如C5a(图5A),和炎症相关标志物,例如髓过氧化酶(MPO)(图5B)的浓度显着较低,而血清抗炎性细胞因子(IL-10)增加(图5C),且更多的硫氧化还原蛋白(TRX)(图5D)被排泄至尿液中并在尿液中发现。
同样地,如图6所示,通过过氧化氢酶(CAT)浓度的分析,显示接受PS128补充剂的个体组被保护免受氧化应激,并且具有更好的肾功能,与同一时间点的安慰剂组相比,PS128组中的CAT浓度显着升高。
综上所述,PS128通过提高抗氧化能力显着调节TRX和MPO的浓度。另一方面,促炎介质C5a也可能受到PS128所介导的IL-10生成而显着调控。因此,PS128不仅减少炎症细胞因子,而且增加抗炎性细胞因子的产生。因此,PS128对炎症或氧化调节有作用。此外,PS128还显示血浆样本中BCAAs含量显着提高。
还应注意的是,在运动后的不同时间点,PS128组的CK显着较低。在运动后的延长时间点,PS128持续有降低炎症细胞因子浓度的有益作用,即PS128具有持续降低炎症细胞因子浓度的作用,从而保护肌肉不受损害。
实施例2:接受PS128补充剂个体的体能表现和恢复力增强
使用Wingate标准和Bruce标准分别评估PS128组和安慰剂组的个体无氧能力和有氧能力。该标准的细节是本领域技术人员众所周知的。例如,两组个体在运动前24小时、运动后24小时和运动后96小时分别通过Bruce标准测试有氧动力的最大摄氧量(VO2 max),和通过Wingate标准测试无氧动力。运动后3小时、48小时和72小时,以Wingate标准进行其他无氧动力测试。
Wingate标准于个体在热身阶段结束后,被要求以最佳状态骑自行车30秒,伴以适时的鼓励。在固定式自行车进行Wingate无氧动力学测试的30秒测试期间,该自行车记录并分析个体的圈数、产生的瓦数、峰值无氧动力(PAP)、平均动力(MEP)和疲劳指数(FAI),这些均在现有技术中进行描述,且是本领域技术人员众所周知的。
结果显示,PS128组增加了PAP(图7A)和MEP(图7B),和降低了FAI(图7C),因此与安慰剂组相比,PS128组具有更好的身体表现和恢复率。
Bruce标准的最大摄氧量(VO2 max)耐力测试是在Cortex气体分析仪和固定式自行车上进行。个体在测试前有固定的时间进行热身和休息时间。将85%的最大摄氧量(VO2max)速度(个别调整VO2 max)应用于个别个体,直到力竭以进行耐力评估。如图7D中所示,在运动前及运动后,PS128组的力竭时间明显长于安慰剂组,表明PS128的施用改善个体的身体耐力。PS128因此为个体提供更好的身体表现。
个体的股四头肌和腘绳肌的肌电图(EMG)也记录所有七个时间点的活动(即如上所述的T0至T6)。例如,两组均记录腘绳肌和股四头肌的中位频率(MF)和最大自发等长收缩(MVIC),以评估其身体表现。由肌电图获得的MF值已用于研究股四头肌和腘绳肌收集的特征。为此,在肌电图研究中,肌电图标准化常被用于通过减少个体本身和个体之间的差异而提高可靠性,最大自发等长收缩(MVIC)是一种标准化的常用方法,可作为比较个体、天数、研究和肌肉之间的标准参考。结果显示PS128有益于MVIC和EMG表现,并有助于肌力(musclestrength)恢复。
在图8A和图8B中,显示PS128组中接受PS128补充剂个体的身体表现增强。例如,如上所述,还要求个体进行反向运动跳跃以评估其在所有七个时间点的体力和能力。再次与仅接受安慰剂的个体相比,显示在PS128组中接受PS128补充剂的个体增强了肌力,具有更高的反向运动跳跃高度(图8A)和更大的反向运动跳跃动力(图8B)。
另外,在运动(半程马拉松)前后,通过双能X射线吸收法(DEXA)测量人体成分对个体进行评估。在不同能量的X射线穿透骨骼和软组织后,通过吸收计的内置公式计算不同组织的X射线吸收或衰减。再次显示PS128组中接受PS128补充剂的个体增强了肌肉质量。
如图9A至图9D所示,通过在不同的时间点测量PS128组和安慰剂组的下肢强度而进一步评估身体机能。PS128组中的膝伸肌峰值力矩(图9A)和膝伸肌平均力矩(图9B)明显高于安慰剂组。图9C和图9D显示,在运动后的几个时间点,PS128组的膝屈肌峰值力矩和膝屈肌平均力矩明显高于安慰剂组。
个体的无氧运动能力和有氧运动能力可因运动引起的疲劳而被消耗,否则个体的表现可被保持。因此,PS128可为一种潜在的增补剂(ergogenic aid),通过减少运动引起的疲劳并提高其身体表现而改善个体的健康状况。
如PAP、MEP和FAI值所示,发现PS128组的个体具有更好的运动能力、耐力和恢复力。还应注意的是,与运动前的数据相比,PS128在运动后可以维持MEP和FAI。此等发现可能对体育科学领域带来潜在的好处,因PS128可对运动表现的维持和恢复产生有益的影响。因此,PS128可视为营养补充的替代选择,不仅可以改善表现,还可改善生理适应性。
尽管以上已详述本公开的一些具体实施例,然而对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可在基本上不脱离本公开的教导和优点的情况下,对所示的具体实施例进行各种修改和改变。此类修改和改变包括在所附权利要求中所阐述本公开的精神和范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种组合物于制备保护个体运动的产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物包含有效量的植物乳杆菌植物亚种PS128及其载体;以及
所述保护包括减轻所述个体的运动疲劳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述保护包括预防所述个体的肌肉损伤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步减少所述个体的炎症。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步减少所述个体的肾脏损伤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步增加所述个体的体力。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步增加所述个体的身体能力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步增加所述个体的耐力。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步减少所述个体的肌肉疲劳。
9.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步减少所述个体的氧化应激。
10.根据权利要求1项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步增强所述个体的体能表现。
11.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物进一步促进所述个体的肌力恢复。
12.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物以每天至少109CFU的量的植物乳杆菌植物亚种PS128施用至所述个体。
13.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物经制备为口服施用。
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