CN113301998A

CN113301998A - Device for applying force to particles by means of electrical pulses

Info

Publication number: CN113301998A
Application number: CN201980081980.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: H·利伯沃思; E·安德斯; M·海塞; P·霍斯克; T·克兰皮茨; G·孔泽; M·马泽蒂; O·波波夫; M·福格特
Original assignee: HAVER ENGINEERING GmbH; Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg
Current assignee: HAVER ENGINEERING GmbH; Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg
Priority date: 2018-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2021-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-10
Also published as: CN113301998B; DE102018131541A1; EA202191520A1; AU2019398306A1; EP3894080A1; WO2020120437A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for applying a force to particles (9) by means of an electrical pulse (11), using a device for supplying the particles, at least one vertically arranged tube (2) with a reaction chamber for applying a force to the particles, and a device for removing the particles. The devices are distinguished in particular in that they are already present in a better or completely divided relatively coarse fraction for the subsequent comminution. The tube (2) and thus the reaction chamber are thus flow channels for the flowable medium (10). In addition, a device (4) for conveying the medium is connected to the pipe, so that the medium flows counter to the direction of movement of the particles supplied to the pipe and descending through the pipe (2). The tube has at least two electrodes (5) which are arranged at a distance from one another and are connected to at least one pulse voltage generator in the form of a Marx generator (6). In addition, the electrode terminates at or in front of the inner surface of the tube, so that the electrode (5) does not protrude into the tube (2) and does not impede the flow of the medium inside the tube.

Description

Device for applying force to particles by means of electrical pulses

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device for applying force to particles by means of electrical pulses, having a device for supplying particles, at least one vertically arranged tube with a reaction chamber for applying force to particles, and a device for removing particles.

Background

The principle of crushing solids by means of electrical pulses is known. These electric pulse methods have disadvantages, in particular in the case of continuous transport of the process material consisting of solids through the reaction chamber and the need for different residence times in the reaction chamber depending on the material and particle size. In addition, there is a risk of damage to the components due to the application of electrical pulses.

From the publication FR 1341851A, a plant for the continuous electrohydraulic comminution and mixing of substances in a fluid medium is known. Due to the liquid (usually water)) surrounding the material to be comminuted, an electrical discharge can occur. Due to the plasma channels created in the liquid, pressure waves are created in the liquid, which impact the material to be comminuted and exert a force on it. The generation of the electrical pulses required thereby takes place by means of an LC circuit, which leads to a correspondingly slow pulse rise. The reservoir is resistant to the impact pressure to withstand the indirect forces of the substance (pulverization) due to the shock wave generated in the water by means of the electric pulse). In this device, planar electrodes are also described to maximize the impact of the shock wave. However, the planar electrode projects into the process chamber or is embodied flat in a conical tube. The liquid flow is impeded and eventually the electrode wear increases. The liquid flows through the reactor to completely remove the comminuted product either upward or downward.

Another method of pulverizing solids by means of electrical pulses is electrokinetic pulverization.

From the publication DE102014008989a1, an apparatus and a method for continuously comminuting solids by means of electrical pulses are known. It has at least one reaction chamber into which the solids are supplied by means of a conveying medium, wherein the reaction chamber is located in a reaction vessel. It has at least one electrode group consisting of at least two electrodes which are arranged at a predetermined distance from one another and form an electrode gap in the reaction chamber. In this case, there is at least one central electrode and an electrode surrounding the central electrode. The device for forming electric pulses transmits electric pulses to the electrodes of the electrode group, wherein the solid body is forced to be pressed against the electrode group until there the forced solid body is comminuted by means of the electric pulses such that the comminuted solid body has a smaller size than the distance between the mutually opposed electrodes. The comminuted solids pass through the electrode gap together with the flowing transport medium. Continuous comminution is ensured substantially only if the solids are approximately of the same size. Failure to pulverize or to insufficiently pulverize can result in the build up of solids.

Publication WO2012129713A relates to an electrode structure for an electric crushing plant having a passage opening or passage for material to be crushed and having one or more electrode pairs. The high voltage pulse of the electrode is used to apply force to the material to be crushed, and high voltage discharge is formed in the opening or the channel of the channel. In this case, rod-shaped, pointed or round electrodes project from the edge side of the surrounding jacket and, if appropriate, from a centrally arranged dome-shaped insulator into the comminution chamber to obtain an approximately spherical comminution stock. Thereby, the electrode gap is smaller than the largest particle size that can pass through the channel opening or channel.

Publication JP11-33430A discloses a crushing method and an apparatus for carrying out the method. There are thus electrode plates inclined with respect to one another, between which a high-voltage discharge is formed by means of voltage pulses. The electrode plates form a tapered gap. In order to pass through the tapered gap, the particles at the corresponding positions must be smaller than the distance between the electrode plates. A solution consisting of a shredding and sorting function is described. The material must therefore inevitably be comminuted in order to pass through the apparatus.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention, which is specified in claim 1, is to exert a force on the particles at least such that the particles have assumed a better or complete break-up into relatively coarse fractions for subsequent mechanical comminution.

This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1.

The device for forcing particles by means of an electrical pulse has means for supplying particles, at least one vertically arranged tube with a reaction chamber for forcing particles and means for removing particles, characterized in particular in that these particles have been presented for better or complete breaking up into relatively coarse portions for subsequent comminution.

The tube and thus the reaction chamber are thus flow channels for the flowing medium. In addition, the device for conveying the medium is connected to the pipe so that the medium flows counter to the direction of movement of the particles supplied to the pipe and settled through the pipe. The tube has at least two electrodes which are arranged at a distance from one another and are connected to at least one Marx generator as a pulse voltage generator, wherein the pulse rise time of the Marx generator is less than 500ns (units: nanoseconds)). In addition, the electrode ends at or before the inner surface of the tube, so that the electrode does not protrude into the tube and does not impede the flow of the medium in the tube.

Particles passing through the tube are applied electrokinetically by means of electrical pulses, which also include electrokinetically pulverizing the particles. In this case, a so-called Marx generator is used, which is a surge voltage generator. With the Marx generator, a pulse having a pulse rise time of less than 500 nanoseconds (ns)) is formed. In the case of these short rise times, the discharge between the electrodes arranged at a distance from one another is preferably carried out directly and synchronously by the particle or particles. The plasma channel formed in the process results in a direct force being applied to the particles. The plasma channels inside the particles are associated with high pressures and temperatures, which weaken or completely eliminate the bonds along the discharge channel and weaken inside the particles. This reduces the consolidation of the particles and is thus also sufficient for selective breaking up into different components. The direct energy contribution to the particles to be forced is energy efficient and advantageously does not require an impulse-resistant pressure tube as a reaction chamber for the forced particles. The pipe can have a constant cross section over its length, so that the flow of the medium is also not influenced thereby. The particles can be removed in a controlled and size-selective manner. Continuous operation is easily achieved.

The voltage of the Marx generator may be, for example, 400kV to 600 kV. The frequency may be equal to or greater than 25 Hz. The energy range may be greater than/equal to 7J to equal to/less than 700J.

The apparatus is also notable in that no movable transport means are required in the reaction chamber. In addition, the particles can also pass through the processing chamber without the application of force and damage or comminution associated therewith. The residence time of the particles in the reaction chamber can advantageously be set in dependence on the material, the yield and/or the size by means of the device for conveying the medium, wherein the medium flows counter to the direction of movement of the particles supplied to the tube and falling through the tube. The fine particles which are not desired to be formed and also the very fine particles can be removed continuously from the reaction chamber by means of a flow medium which is directed against the falling direction of the particles to be broken.

The electrodes do not protrude into the reaction chamber, so that contact between the particles to be forced and the electrodes is maximally prevented and thus electrode wear is prevented. The electrodes may advantageously be controlled individually. The corresponding electrode pairs may be controlled synchronously or sequentially, wherein the electrode pairs may be arranged next to each other and/or below each other.

As mineral particles, the particles are thus advantageously present as having been better or completely broken down into relatively coarse fractions for subsequent comminution, so that relatively low energy consumption may be required as a result. This allows for example metal-containing minerals in the ore to be extracted better, more completely and in higher concentrations. As such, the ore deposit areas of lower ore content are still commercially available, improving the integrity of the ore deposit mining provided, and improving the sustainability of the raw material preparation.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 11.

The means for supplying particles are selectively arranged such that the particles to be forced settle from top to bottom through the tube. Thereby, the particles can also be supplied continuously, so that a continuous force application of the particles by means of the electrical pulses can be achieved in the tube.

In one embodiment, the plurality of electrodes are spaced apart and spaced apart from each other around the inner circumference of the tube. In addition, the electrodes are connected to a pulse voltage generator.

In each case two electrodes are selectively arranged in at least two planes of the tube spaced apart from one another, wherein the electrodes are connected to a Marx generator or to a plurality of Marx generators. During settling of the particles, the particles may be forced in multiple planes.

In one design, the electrodes are arranged in a spaced apart manner in one plane and/or in a plurality of planes spaced from one another around the inner circumference of the tube. In addition, the electrodes are connected to a Marx generator or to a plurality of Marx generators. The electrodes may thus be arranged helically.

The electrodes lying in one plane can be connected to one Marx generator or to a plurality of Marx generators. In addition, the Marx generator or Marx generators are connected to the control device such that the voltages applied synchronously to the electrodes and/or the pulses to the plane are different from each other.

The means for removing particles is selectively arranged such that particles settling through the tube are carried away from the apparatus that applies force to the particles.

In one embodiment, the device for conveying the medium is connected to a control device, so that the flow rate of the medium and thus the speed at which the particles settle through the pipe can be influenced.

The device for removing fine and/or very fine particles is optionally arranged outside the reaction chamber towards the means for supplying particles. It may be an opening in the wall of the tube, which opening may be connected to a suction device.

The means for supplying particles, the vertically arranged pipes, the device for conveying the medium and the pipe are circuits for conveying the medium.

The medium may be, in particular, a gas or a liquid.

Drawings

Embodiments of the invention are schematically illustrated in the figures and described in more detail below. In the figure:

FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for loading particles by means of electrical pulses, and

figure 2 shows a tube with electrodes and a reaction chamber.

List of reference numerals

1a device for supplying particles; 2, pipe fittings; 3 means for removing particles; 4 a medium conveying device; 5, an electrode; 6Marx generator; 7 a control device; 8 means for removing fine and/or very fine particles; 9 particles; 10 a medium; 11 electrical pulses.

Detailed Description

The device for applying a force to the particles 9 by means of the electrical pulse 11 is substantially composed of: a device 1 for supplying particles 9, a vertically arranged tube 2 with a reaction chamber, a device 3 for removing particles 9, a device 4 for transporting a medium 10, electrodes 5, a Marx generator 6 and a control device 7.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device for applying a force to particles 9 by means of an electrical pulse 11.

The device 1 for supplying granules 9 is arranged such that the granules 9 descend through the tube 2 from top to bottom. The means 3 for removing particles 9 are positioned such that particles 9 settling through the tube 2 are transported away from the device for forcing the particles 9. The device 4 for conveying the medium 10 is connected to the control means 7 so as to influence the flow rate of the medium 11 and thereby the speed of sedimentation of the particles 9 through the pipe 2. The device 8 for removing fine and/or very fine particles 9 may be arranged towards the apparatus 1 for supplying particles 9.

Fig. 2 shows a tube 2 with electrodes 5 and a reaction chamber in a schematic view.

The tube 2 and thus the reaction chamber serve as a flow channel for the flowing medium 10. Thereby, the device 4 for transporting the medium 10 is connected to the pipe 2 in such a way that the medium 10 flows in a counter-current direction with respect to the direction of movement of the particles 9 supplied to the pipe 2 and falling through the pipe 2.

The pipe 2 has a plurality of electrodes 5 which are arranged at a distance from one another and are connected to a Marx generator 6, wherein the electrodes 5 terminate at the inner surface of the pipe 2 or in front of the inner surface of the pipe 2, so that the electrodes 5 do not project into the pipe 2 and do not impede the flow of the medium 10 within the pipe 2. These electrodes 5 may also be connected to a plurality of Marx generators 6. Thereby, pulses of different frequencies and/or pulse durations from each other may also be generated. The voltage may be, for example, 400kV (kilovolts) to 600 kV. In which case the frequency may be equal to or greater than 25Hz (hertz). In this case, the energy may range from greater than/equal to 7J (joules) to equal to/less than 700J.

Thereby, a plurality of electrodes 5 may be evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the tube 2 and spaced from each other. The individual electrodes 5 can thus be located in at least two planes of the tube 2, which are arranged at a distance from one another. In one embodiment, the electrodes 5 can thus also be arranged in a spaced-apart manner in one plane around the inner circumference of the tube 2 and/or in planes arranged at a distance from one another, so that the electrodes 5 are arranged in a spiral.

At least the means 1 for supplying particles, the vertically arranged pipe 2, the device 4 for transporting the medium 10 and the piping may be a circuit for transporting the medium 10. On this basis, the device 3 for removing particles 9 can also be incorporated in this circuit.

The medium 10 is a gas or a liquid.

Claims

1. A device for forcing particles (9) by means of electrical pulses (11), having a device (1) for supplying particles (9), at least one tube (2) arranged vertically and having a reaction chamber for forcing particles (9) and a device (3) for discharging particles (9), characterized in that the tube (2) and thereby the reaction chamber is a flow channel for a flowing medium (10), a device (4) for conveying the medium (10) being connected to the tube (2) in such a way that the medium (10) flows counter to the direction of movement of particles (9) supplied to the tube (2) and settled through the tube (2), the tube (2) having at least two electrodes (5) arranged at a distance from one another and connected to at least one Marx generator (6), wherein the pulse rise time of the Marx generator (6) is less than 500 nanoseconds, the electrode (5) ends with the inner surface of the tube (2) or before the inner surface of the tube (2) such that the electrode (5) does not protrude into the tube (2) and does not impede the flow of the medium (10) within the tube (2).

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (1) for supplying particles (9) are arranged such that the particles (9) to be forced sink through the tube (2) from top to bottom.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of electrodes (5) are arranged distributed and spaced apart from each other around the inner circumference of the tube (2), and that the electrodes (5) are connected to the Marx generator or generators (6).

4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that two electrodes (5) are arranged in at least two planes of the tube (2) spaced apart from each other, respectively, which electrodes (5) are connected to the Marx generator (6).

5. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (5) are distributed around the inner circumference of the tube (2) in one plane and/or in a plurality of planes spaced apart from each other, said electrodes being connected to the Marx generator or generators (6).

6. An apparatus according to claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that a planar electrode (5) is connected to one said Marx generator (6) or a plurality of said Marx generators (6)), and that one said Marx generator (6) or a plurality of said Marx generators (6) are connected to a control device (7) so that the voltages applied simultaneously to said electrode (5)) and/or the pulses of the plane are different from each other.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (3) for discharging particles (9) are arranged such that the particles (9) settled through the tube (2) are transported away from the means for exerting force on the particles (9).

8. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (4) for conveying the medium (10) are connected to a control device (7) so as to be able to influence the flow rate of the medium (10) and thus the velocity of the particles (9) settled through the pipe (2).

9. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (8) for discharging the fine and/or finest particles (9) are arranged outside the reaction chamber towards the means (1) for supplying the particles (9).

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (1) for supplying particles (9), the vertically arranged pipe (9), the means (4) for conveying the medium (10) and the conduit are circuits for conveying the medium (10).

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium (10) is a gas or a liquid.