CN113298301B - Urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a city service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits, which comprises the steps of inputting and correcting high-precision mobile phone positioning data, identifying daily service users of service facilities and residence points thereof according to residence point space and time attributes and overlapping with vector data such as land, road network and the like, demarcating service facility service ranges, evaluating current facility layout conditions based on service crowd coverage indexes of 15 minutes of the service facilities, and realizing automatic selection and optimization of the service facility layout adjustment scheme by means of software simulation and calculation of an adjustment scheme if the layout needs to be adjusted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and particularly relates to an urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits.
Background
Along with the gradual progress of urban planning to the direction of refinement and humanization, higher requirements are put forward for the layout and configuration of urban daily service facilities closely related to the life of citizens. The daily service facilities are the types of facilities meeting the daily basic life demands of urban residents, and have great influence on the convenience, quality and sense of quality and happiness of the life of the residents.
The 15-minute life circle is taken as a new community development concept, and various daily service facilities such as clothing and eating houses and the like, including business, education, culture, medical treatment, health care and the like can be conveniently used within the range of 15-minute walking. In addition to the guidance for the planning of the newcastle area, with the continuous and deep updating of cities, the current daily service facility layout needs to be evaluated from the perspective of resident accessibility on the basis of the principles of progressive, local conditions and classification Shi Ce, and the facilities with unreasonable spatial layout are adjusted and optimized to definitely and specifically update tasks and gradually improve service facility allocation.
The current evaluation method for daily service facility layout mainly uses residential communities as a starting point and service facilities as destinations, calculates straight line distance or road network travel distance based on vector space data, and judges whether the service facility layout is reasonable or not by taking comparison standards such as comfortable walking distance of 1000m as a reference, and whether comfortable walking of surrounding residents can be met or not. The service facility layout evaluation method has a certain limitation, and more idealized calculation is performed from the perspective of static vector data. Firstly, neglecting individual residence position differences by taking communities or residence communities as starting points, and subjectively demarcating service crowds of service facilities, so that real crowds using the service facilities cannot be accurately identified; secondly, whether the straight line distance, the road network travel distance and the like are physical space distances under ideal conditions, travel characteristics of different crowds under actual conditions cannot be completely reflected, individual differences in crowd activities are blurred, a time standard of 15 minutes is converted into the distance by uniform walking speed, the method is applied to space layout evaluation of service facilities, contradiction with the characteristic that whether walking is comfortable or not can be reflected by a time scale proposed by a 15-minute life circle, and the mobile phone positioning data are utilized to develop crowd digital portrayal description, so that a short plate of an evaluation method can be effectively compensated, and the accuracy and the scientificity of the evaluation are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on the crowd digital portraits, which fully utilizes the characteristics of high-precision mobile phone positioning data, accurately characterizes the service crowd digital portraits, accurately identifies the real service crowd of the service facility and the use rule thereof, realizes the rational evaluation and optimization adjustment of the space layout of the service facility through means such as index measure evaluation, software simulation analysis and the like, and provides a scientific method for the layout evaluation and optimization of urban daily service facilities. Aiming at the problems that service crowds are subjectively defined by the existing evaluation method, the distance is simply calculated by means of static vector data, the real conditions and demands of the crowds are ignored, the real service crowds of daily service facilities are identified by mobile phone positioning data, a travel track is constructed, the actual travel time and travel distance are calculated, and therefore the daily service facility layout is evaluated, and the follow-up adjustment scheme is optimized.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: a city service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits comprises the following steps:
step one: data input and correction processing
And (3) importing high-precision mobile phone positioning data of urban residents and vector data of urban land, road network and the like through a data interface, and correcting and superposing the vector data.
Step two: daily service user and living point identification
And selecting urban daily service facilities, screening daily service users of the daily service facilities, identifying living points of the daily service users, and constructing a daily service user sub-database E and a daily service user living point database H.
Step three: service facility layout current situation evaluation
Constructing a behavior track from a living point to the daily service facility of a daily service user, and calculating the average travel time of all daily service usersAverage travel speed/>And further calculating the crowd coverage rate A of the 15-minute service range of the daily service facility, judging whether the crowd coverage rate A is smaller than 80%, if so, enabling the service range of the facility to exceed the standard requirement of the daily service facility range, and adjusting the layout of the facility.
Step four: automatic selection optimization of service facility layout adjustment scheme
Selecting a plurality of facility positions which can be adjusted in the peripheral area of the original service facility, establishing a service facility layout optimization model, automatically calculating the crowd coverage rate of the optimized daily service facility within 15 minutes through the model, selecting the position with the coverage rate of more than 80% as an optimal adjustment scheme, and if the coverage rates are all less than 80%, adding the service facility in the area.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the first step, vector data of urban resident high-precision mobile phone positioning data, urban land, road network and the like are imported through a data interface, correction and superposition processing are carried out, namely, the high-precision mobile phone positioning data of urban continuous 7-day-of-a-week is imported through the data interface, the importing frequency is once in 1 minute, the data content comprises user numbers, positioning point time, longitude and latitude coordinate information and the like, vector data of urban land, road network and the like are called from an urban planning management department, and the mobile phone positioning data is superposed with the data of urban land, road network and the like through correction processing of space coordinates and elevations.
As a further scheme of the present invention, in the second step, daily service users of the daily service facility are screened, a daily service user sub-database E is constructed, which means that urban daily service facilities are selected and the use place boundaries thereof are defined, user stop points in the service facility use place boundaries are identified, the user stop points in the use place boundaries are organized into a plurality of continuous stop point sets according to time sequences, statistics is carried out on the user continuous stop point sets, the time of the stop point when the user enters the use place boundaries for the first time is marked as T 1, the time of the stop point when the user enters the use place boundaries for the last time is marked as T 2, if T 2-T1 is greater than or equal to 5 minutes, the current activity of the user is represented as the daily service user of the service facility, if the user uses the daily service facilities for 4 days or more in a week, the user is the daily service user of the service facility, and the daily service user sub-database E is constructed;
as a further scheme of the invention, in the second step, residence points of the daily service users are identified, namely residence points of the daily service users in the residence boundary are extracted, residence points between 0:00 and 6:00 are selected as residence points of corresponding users, the residence points are respectively marked as H1, H2 and H3 … …, a daily service user residence point database H is constructed, and the residence points are connected with a daily service user sub-database E in an associated mode.
As a further scheme of the invention, the step three of constructing the behavior track from the living point to the daily service facility of the daily service user means that all the residence points of the daily service user in the sub-database E are sequentially connected according to the time sequence, the obtained broken line adopts a polynomial difference method, namely, the discrete points are fitted through a polynomial interpolation function curve to obtain a smooth curve to approximate the user travel track, and the behavior track from the living point H n to the daily service facility of all the daily service user is obtained by intercepting.
As a further scheme of the invention, the average travel time of all daily service users is calculated in the third stepAverage travel speed/>The method is characterized in that the length of a behavior track from a living point of a daily service user to the daily service facility is taken as the travel distance D n of the user to the daily service facility, a plurality of travel tracks within a week are counted, the corresponding travel time T n(T1、T2、T3 … … and the travel distance D n(D1、D2、D3 … … are calculated, the speed V n (V1, V2 and V3 … …) of each travel of the user is obtained, and the average travel speed/>, of the user is calculated by the following formulaNamely:
where N is the number of times a day service user goes to the day service facility in a week.
As a further scheme of the invention, the step three of calculating the crowd coverage rate of the 15-minute service range of the daily service facility means selecting all average travel timeConstructing a daily use crowd sub-database B of a service facility for 15 minutes within the crowd ID of 15 minutes, and calculating crowd coverage rate A of a service range of the daily service facility for 15 minutes, namely:
Wherein B is the number of daily service users with the average travel time less than or equal to 15 minutes going to the daily service facility, and E is the total number of daily service users of the service facility.
As a further scheme of the invention, in the fourth step, a plurality of facility positions which can be adjusted are selected in the surrounding area of the original service facility, namely, the surrounding area of the original service facility is required according to relevant specifications such as the type of land, the current situation of construction, the urban public service facility planning standard GB50442 and the like, selecting a plurality of facility positions for adjustment, namely selecting land types which meet the standard requirements and can be used for constructing the service facilities in the peripheral area of the original service facilities, and taking the land blocks with construction spaces as adjustment positions.
As a further scheme of the invention, a service facility layout optimization model is established in the step four, the coverage rate of the population of the optimized daily service facility within 15 minutes is automatically calculated through the model, namely, a daily service user living point database H, a facility adjustment position, road network vector data and the like are imported into simulation software, a road network model is established based on the road network vector data by using a new road network data set command, an OD cost matrix layer creation command is utilized to create an OD cost matrix layer creation command, all daily service user living points are loaded to a starting point, the facility adjustment position is loaded to a destination, the shortest path length S n of each user to the facility adjustment position is calculated by a solving command, the shortest path length S n between each user living point and the adjustment position is calculated, and the travel time T' n of each user is calculated as the shortest path length S n corresponding to each user and the average travel speed corresponding to each user obtained in the step threeRatio of (2), namely:
As a further scheme of the invention, if the coverage rate is less than 80% in the fourth step, such service facilities need to be added in the area, that is, if the coverage rate of the 15-minute service range crowd of each adjustment position is less than 80%, such service facilities need to be added in the area, and on the basis of keeping the original facilities, the service facility scheme with the largest coverage rate is selected from the facility adjustment positions selected in the previous step.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. By overlapping the mobile phone positioning data of the user and the land boundary of the urban daily service facility, the time and frequency of actually using the service facility by the user are identified, the daily service user group of the daily service facility is accurately defined, and compared with the traditional method of defining by experience, the method is more scientific and real.
2. The mobile phone positioning data is utilized to identify the daily space-time behaviors of the user, so that the real residence of the user can be identified more accurately, and compared with the traditional manner of taking a plurality of residence communities within a certain range as residence of service people, the residence distribution situation of the service people can be reflected more accurately.
3. The coverage rate of the 15-minute service range crowd is calculated, the coverage condition of the 15-minute service range of the urban daily service facility is reflected in a quantitative mode, and compared with the traditional evaluation method, the method is more visual.
4. The method can accurately simulate and calculate the coverage rate of the crowd in the 15-minute service range of the adjustment scheme, automatically select the optimal layout scheme, improve the planning and adjustment efficiency of the service facility, and save manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the scope of the present invention in evaluating and optimizing a community cultural activity center layout in Nanjing, city;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an adjustment scheme A in the evaluation and optimization of a certain community culture activity center layout in Nanjing, city;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an adjustment scheme B in the evaluation and optimization of the layout of a cultural activity center of a certain community in Nanjing;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an adjustment scheme C in the evaluation and optimization of the layout of a cultural activity center of a certain community in Nanjing;
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the attached drawings and embodiments.
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below by a process of evaluating and optimizing the layout of a certain community culture activity center in a new area of Jiangbei in Nanjing, and a drawing based on mobile phone positioning data, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Data input and correction processing
And (1.1) high-precision mobile phone positioning data of 24 days in 2020 to 30 days in 2020 of 8 months in 2020 of all users in Jiangbei New areas of Nanjing city are imported from a mobile phone information service provider through a data interface, the importing frequency is once in 1 minute, the data content comprises user numbers, positioning point dates, time and positioning point longitude and latitude coordinate information, the total acquisition data is 135.25 hundred million pieces, the specific data format requirement is shown in table 1, wherein the user numbers are user identification numbers after desensitization, and privacy information of the users is not involved. Cleaning a mobile phone positioning data file, including deleting abnormal values, repeated values and partial missing data of missing items, such as positioning point time, positioning point longitude and latitude and the like, which are beyond the range, and processing the data in the following format:
table 1 handset positioning data
The method comprises the steps of (1.2) calling vector data such as land, road network and the like in Nanjing city from a Nanjing city planning management department, superposing mobile phone positioning data with vector data such as city land, road network and the like through correction processing of space coordinates and elevations, generating points by longitude and latitude information of the positioning data, superposing the positioning points with a unified coordinate system of vector data such as city land and road network in space alignment, and associating the positioning points with the position numbers;
(2) Daily service user and living point identification
(2.1) Selecting a certain community culture activity center in a new area of Jiangbei in Nanjing, identifying user stay points in the use area boundary, and organizing the user stay points in the use area boundary into a plurality of continuous stay point sets according to a time sequence;
And (2.2) counting a continuous stay point set of the user, marking the stay point time of the user entering the community culture activity center within the use area for the first time as T 1, and marking the stay point time of the user entering the use area for the last time as T 2, wherein if T 2-T1 is more than or equal to 5 minutes, the user is indicated to use the community culture activity center. Extracting crowd IDs of the community culture activity center, and respectively marking the crowd IDs as C1, C2 and C3 … … to construct a service facility use crowd database C;
(2.3) if the user uses the community culture activity center for 4 days or more in a week, the user is a daily service user of the service facility, and a daily service user sub-database E is constructed;
And (2.4) selecting a daily service user sub-database E, extracting the residence points of each daily service user in the residence boundary, selecting the residence point with the longest residence time between 0:00 and 6:00 as the residence point of the corresponding user, respectively marking the residence points as H1, H2 and H3 … …, constructing a daily service user residence point database H, and carrying out associated hanging with the daily service user sub-database E.
(3) Service facility layout current situation evaluation
(3.1) Sequentially connecting the stay points of all daily service users in the sub-database E according to a time sequence, and fitting the obtained broken lines to discrete points by a polynomial difference method, namely a polynomial interpolation function curve to obtain a smooth curve to approximate the travel track of the users;
(3.2) searching the behavior track from the living point H n to the community culture activity center of all daily service users, wherein the length of the behavior track is the travel distance D n from the user to the community culture activity center; and meanwhile, calculating the time difference T n of the travel, and obtaining the corresponding travel speed V n according to the ratio of the travel distance to the travel time. Counting a plurality of travel tracks within one week, calculating corresponding travel time T n(T1、T2、T3 … …) and travel distance D n(D1、D2、D3 … … to obtain the travel speeds V n (V1, V2 and V3 … …) of the user each time, and calculating the average travel speed of the user according to the following formula Namely:
wherein N is the number of times the daily service user goes to the community culture activity center in a week;
(3.3) selecting all crowd IDs with average travel time within 15 minutes, and constructing a crowd sub-database B for daily use of service facilities for 15 minutes;
(3.4) calculating the 15-minute service range crowd coverage rate A of the community culture activity center, wherein 156 daily service users in the 15-minute service range of the community culture activity center have 205 total daily service users, and the 15-minute service range crowd coverage rate A is 76.79 percent, as shown in figure 2.
(3.5) Determining that the crowd coverage rate A of the 15-minute service range of the community culture activity center is less than 80%, and the layout needs to be adjusted;
(4) Service facility layout adjustment scheme automatic selection optimization:
(4.1) selecting 3 parts of plots A, B, C which can be used for constructing the community culture activity center and have construction space at the same time as positions which can be adjusted according to the land types, current construction conditions, urban public service facility planning standard GB50442 and related standard requirements in the peripheral area of the community culture activity center obtained in the step (3.8); as shown in figures 3-5 of the drawings,
(4.2) Importing daily service user living points, facility adjustment positions and road network vector data into Arcgis software, constructing a road network model based on the road network vector data by using a new road network data set command, creating an OD cost matrix model by using an OD cost matrix layer (Make OD Cost Matrix Layer) creation command, loading all daily service user living points to a starting point, loading facility adjustment position points to a destination, using a path as impedance, calculating the shortest path length S n of each user going to the facility adjustment positions by using a solution command, and calculating the travel time T' n of each user as the shortest path length S n corresponding to each user and the average travel speed corresponding to each user obtained in the step 3Ratio of (2), namely:
(4.3) calculating to obtain the crowd coverage rate of the 15-minute service range of each adjustment position, wherein the crowd coverage rate of the 15-minute service range of the position A in the figure 3 is 85.57 percent, the crowd coverage rate of the 15-minute service range of the position B in the figure 4 is 76.87 percent, the 15-minute service area crowd coverage for position C of fig. 5 is 82.24%, where the 15-minute service area crowd coverage for a is greater than 80% and is the highest of the three, so position a is the most suitable adjustment scheme.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes, substitutions and modifications which come within the spirit and principle of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
1. A city service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: data input and correction processing
Importing high-precision mobile phone positioning data of urban residents and urban land and road network vector data through a data interface, and correcting and superposing the positioning data;
step two: daily service user and living point identification
Selecting urban daily service facilities, screening daily service users of the daily service facilities, identifying living points of the daily service users, and constructing a daily service user sub-database E and a daily service user living point database H;
Step three: service facility layout current situation evaluation
Constructing a behavior track from a living point to the daily service facility of a daily service user, and calculating the average travel time of all daily service usersAverage travel speed/>Further calculating the crowd coverage rate A of the 15-minute service range of the daily service facility, judging whether the crowd coverage rate A is smaller than 80%, if so, enabling the service range of the facility to exceed the standard requirement of the daily service facility range, and adjusting the layout of the facility;
step four: automatic selection optimization of service facility layout adjustment scheme
Selecting a plurality of facility positions which can be adjusted in the peripheral area of the original service facility, establishing a service facility layout optimization model, automatically calculating the crowd coverage rate of the optimized daily service facility within 15 minutes through the model, selecting the position with the coverage rate of more than 80% as an optimal adjustment scheme, and if the coverage rates are all less than 80%, adding the service facility in the area;
the step three of calculating the crowd coverage rate of the 15-minute service range of the daily service facility means selecting all average travel time Constructing a daily use crowd sub-database B of a service facility for 15 minutes within the crowd ID of 15 minutes, and calculating crowd coverage rate A of a service range of the daily service facility for 15 minutes, namely:
wherein B is the number of daily service users with the average travel time less than or equal to 15 minutes going to the daily service facility, and E is the total number of daily service users of the service facility;
In the fourth step, a service facility layout optimization model is established, the coverage rate of the population of the optimized daily service facility within 15 minutes is automatically calculated through the model, namely, a daily service user living point database H, a facility adjustment position and road network vector data are imported into simulation software, a road network data set command is used, a road network model is established based on the road network vector data, an OD cost matrix layer is created by using the command of creating an OD cost matrix layer, all daily service user living points are loaded to the starting point, the facility adjustment position is loaded to the destination, the shortest path length S n of each user going to the facility adjustment position is calculated by using the command of solving, the shortest path length S n between each user living point and the adjustment position is calculated, and the travel time T' n of each user is calculated as the shortest path length S n corresponding to each user and the average travel speed corresponding to each user obtained in the third step Ratio of (2), namely:
。
2. The urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, urban resident high-precision mobile phone positioning data and urban land and road network vector data are imported through a data interface, correction and superposition processing are carried out, namely, the urban high-precision mobile phone positioning data which are continuously used for 7 days a week are imported through a data interface, the importing frequency is 1 minute once, the data content comprises user numbers, positioning point time and longitude and latitude coordinate information, urban land and road network vector data are called from an urban planning management department, and the mobile phone positioning data are superposed with the urban land and road network data through correction processing of space coordinates and elevations.
3. The method for evaluating and optimizing urban service facilities based on crowd digital portraits according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step two, daily service users of the daily service facilities are screened, a daily service user sub-database E is constructed, the daily service facilities of the city are selected, the land boundaries of the daily service facilities are defined, user stay points in the land boundaries of the service facilities are identified, the user stay points in the land boundaries are organized into a plurality of continuous stay point sets according to a time sequence, statistics is carried out on the user continuous stay point sets, the stay point time of the user entering the land boundaries for the first time is marked as T 1, the stay point time of the user entering the land boundaries for the last time is marked as T 2, if T 2-T1 is more than or equal to 5 minutes, the user is the daily service users of the service facilities, if the user has 4 days or more of using the daily service facilities in a week, and the daily service user sub-database E is constructed.
4. The urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step two, the living points of the daily service users are identified, namely, the living points of each daily service user in the living land boundary are extracted, the living points between 0:00 and 6:00 are selected as the living points of the corresponding users, the living points are respectively marked as H1, H2 and H3 … Hn, a daily service user living point database H is constructed, and the living points are connected with a daily service user sub-database E in an associated mode.
5. The urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits according to claim 1, characterized in that the step three is to construct a behavior track from a living point to the daily service facility of a daily service user, namely to connect the stay points of all daily service users in a sub-database E in sequence according to time sequence, the obtained broken line is fitted to the discrete points by a polynomial difference method, namely by a polynomial interpolation function curve, to obtain a smooth curve to approximate the user travel track, and to intercept the behavior track from the living point H n to the daily service facility of all daily service users.
6. The urban service facility evaluation and optimization method based on crowd digital portraits according to claim 1, characterized in that said step three calculates the average travel time of all daily service subscribersAverage travel speed/>Means that the length of a behavior track from a living point of a daily service user to the daily service facility is taken as the travel distance D n of the user to the daily service facility, a plurality of travel tracks within a week are counted, the corresponding travel time T n(T1、T2、T3…Tn) and the travel distance D n(D1、D2、D3…Dn are calculated, the speed V n(V1、V2、V3…Vn of each travel of the user is obtained), and the average travel speed/>, of the user is calculated by the following formulaNamely:
where N is the number of times a day service user goes to the day service facility in a week.
7. The method for evaluating and optimizing urban service facilities based on crowd digital portraits according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, a plurality of facility positions which can be adjusted are selected in the surrounding area of the original service facilities, namely, the plurality of facility positions which can be adjusted are selected in the surrounding area of the original service facilities according to the land types, the current construction conditions and the related specification requirements of the urban public service facility planning standard GB50442, namely, the land types which meet the specification requirements for constructing the service facilities are selected in the surrounding area of the original service facilities, and the land plots with construction space are used as the adjustment positions.
8. The method for evaluating and optimizing urban service facilities based on digital representation of crowd according to claim 1, wherein if the coverage rate is less than 80%, the service facilities need to be added in the area, namely if the coverage rate of crowd in 15 minutes of service range of each adjustment position is less than 80%, the service facilities need to be added in the area, and on the basis of retaining original facilities, the service facility scheme with the largest coverage rate is selected from the facility adjustment positions selected in the previous step.
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